One-Time Education Sessions to Help American Indian Smokeless Tobacco Users Quit

A comprehensive review: role of smokeless tobacco consumption as a risk factor for diabetes mellitus

The extensive use of smokeless tobacco and the worldwide occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) poses significant public health obstacles. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken to assess epidemiological research, clinical trials, and meta-analyses that examine the link between smokeless tobacco use and DM. The key results indicate that the biological constituents of smokeless tobacco may interfere with the process of glucose metabolism and lead to an increase in insulin resistance. An association between consumption levels and diabetes risk is evident, with higher levels of usage being positively correlated with an increased chance of developing diabetes. Smokeless tobacco usage is identified as a significant risk factor for DM. This highlights the need to implement focused public health initiatives and policies aimed at decreasing the usage of smokeless tobacco and its influence on the incidence of diabetes. Future research should prioritize elucidating the processes behind this correlation and developing efficacious preventative methods to mitigate the worldwide burden of diabetes.

Community-Based Interventions to Address Disparities in Cardiometabolic Diseases Among Minoritized Racial and Ethnic Groups

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are leading causes of death and disproportionally impact historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups in the United States. The American Heart Association developed the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) to promote optimal cardiovascular health (CVH) through eight health behaviors and health factors. The purpose of this review is to summarize contemporary community-engaged research (CER) studies incorporating the LE8 framework among racial/ethnic groups.

REVIEW OF FINDINGS

Limited studies focused on the interface of CER and LE8. Based on synthesis of articles in this review, the application of CER to individual/collective LE8 metrics may improve CVH and reduce CMDs at the population level. Effective strategies include integration of technology, group activities, cultural/faith-based practices, social support, and structural/environmental changes. CER studies addressing LE8 factors in racial/ethnic groups play an essential role in improving CVH. Future studies should focus on broader scalability and health policy interventions to advance health equity.

Smoking cessation rate and factors affecting the success of quitting in a smoking cessation clinic using telephone follow-up

INTRODUCTION

China has the largest number of smokers in the world. The great majority of China's smokers desire to quit smoking (QS); however, the success rate of self-quitting is low. This study investigated the effects of smoking cessation (SC) clinics in a cancer hospital in Hunan province and determined the influencing factors of successful SC.

METHODS

Smokers were recruited to QS by healthcare workers in the SC clinic from February 2015 to February 2019. SC counseling was provided and telephone follow-up was conducted at 1 week, and at 1, 3 and 6 months. Patients who continued SC during the follow-up period were considered to have QS.

RESULTS

Of the 344 patients included in this study, 16.3% QS at one week, 26.5% at one month, 27.6% at three months, and 31.7% at six months. Age ≥60 years, previous SC attempts, immediate quit dates, and telephone follow-up times (3-4 calls) were predictive factors for smokers to SC at six months.

CONCLUSIONS

Age, previous attempts to QS, immediate quit dates and telephone follow-up times were independent predictors of SC success at six months. SC clinics and frequent telephone follow-up improve the success rate of SC, especially in patients who have previously tried to QS or in those who set immediate quit dates.

Knowledge and Perceptions of Tobacco-Related Harm Associated with Intention to Quit among Cigarette Smokers, e-Cigarette Users, and Dual Users: Findings from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Wave 1

OBJECTIVE

To study the association between knowledge of diseases caused by smoking, perceptions of harm of cigarettes and intention to quit among cigarettes and e-cigarettes users. Methods: Using US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Wave 1 data (2013-2014), we investigated the mean knowledge of diseases due to smoking and perceptions of harm of cigarettes scores among cigarette smokers (n = 8,263), e-cigarette users (n = 829), and dual users (n = 745) and examined the association between knowledge, perceptions of harm and intention to quit. Results: E-cigarette users had the highest scores in both knowledge and perceptions of harm items. We found a stronger association between knowledge and intention to quit among females (aOR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.34) compared to males (aOR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.18). We observed a strong association between perceptions of harm and intention to quit among cigarette smokers (p < 0.0001) and dual users (p = 0.0001), but not e-cigarette users. Conclusions: Our study indicates it is urgent for federal and state governments to develop comprehensive guidelines for targeted health messaging regarding the harms of cigarettes, noncombustible tobacco products, and dual use, and the benefits of cessation. Further, findings suggest that effective health education should include tobacco product-specific risks and the comprehensive negative health impacts of tobacco given the strong positive association of perceptions of harm and intention to quit.

Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2021.1879145.