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Ortiz AC, Akgün KM, Bazan IS. Embracing the Diversity of Latinx Communities to Promote Vaccinations. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 95:257-263. [PMID: 35782479 PMCID: PMC9235259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While vaccine hesitancy is well documented in the literature among the Latinx community, little attention or effort is given to the nuances among the members of individual communities, such as country of origin, immigration status, generational status, primary language, race, age, sex, gender, or rural residence and how these complexities affect vaccine messaging and uptake. We have evidence that this heterogeneity causes differences in access to healthcare, attitudes towards vaccines, and degree of health disparities. In this review we will describe their impact on vaccination rates in the Latinx community, highlighting missed opportunities for public health outreach, and how targeted messaging could improve vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Alexander Ortiz, MD, MS, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School
of Medicine;
| | - Kathleen M. Akgün
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, VA
Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep
Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Isabel S. Bazan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep
Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Correlates of influenza vaccination among underserved Latinx middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:907. [PMID: 35524229 PMCID: PMC9077953 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is a powerful tool in the fight against seasonal influenza, among underserved, middle-age and older, Latinx adults. Yet, vaccine hesitancy and inconsistent uptake in this population continues to represent a substantial challenge to public health. A better understanding of factors impacting influenza vaccination behaviors in this group could result in more effective messaging and initiatives promoting universal vaccination among Latinx. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, we explore correlates of influenza vaccination uptake among underserved, Latinx, older adults. Our focus was on the role of socio-demographics, living arrangements, financial strain, access and satisfaction with medical care, and the presence of major chronic conditions in terms of vaccine uptake. Middle-aged and older Latinx residents diagnosed with diabetes and/or hypertension (n=165), were recruited from the South Los Angeles Service Plan Area (SPA), a historically under-resourced community. Bi-variate and multi-variate logistical regression were performed on survey data to explore independent correlates of influenza vaccination. Results Almost half of underserved Latinx older adults in our study (45%) reported influenza vaccination within the 12 months prior to the study. The majority (~85%) reported receiving this recommendation from their primary care provider. However, thirty percent (30%) of those receiving this advice did not get the vaccine. A decreased likelihood of vaccination was significantly associated with living alone (p-value=0.026), lacking Medicare coverage (0.028), or higher levels of financial strain (0.020). Difficulty accessing medical care (p-value=0.008) or dissatisfaction with these experiences (p-value=0.001) were also strongly associated with decreased likelihood of vaccination. Participants diagnosed with COPD had 9.5 (CI: 1.76 – 51.3) higher odds of being vaccinated compared to those without; no correlation was detected for other chronic conditions. Conclusion The high number of unvaccinated Latinx participants receiving a vaccine recommendation from a provider is consistent with studies among other ethnic/racial minority older adults and highlights the pivotal role of the provider in influenza vaccine adoption. Additional findings reflect negative impact of Social Determinates of Health on preventive care efforts in this group. Further efforts to quantify these associations are needed to explore structural and human factors impacting influenza vaccine uptake.
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Bhanu C, Gopal DP, Walters K, Chaudhry UAR. Vaccination uptake amongst older adults from minority ethnic backgrounds: A systematic review. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003826. [PMID: 34735440 PMCID: PMC8568150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults from minority ethnic backgrounds are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 and developing severe infection and have increased risk of mortality. Whilst an age-based vaccination approach prioritising older groups is being implemented worldwide, vaccine hesitancy is high amongst minority ethnic groups. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a systematic review and convergent synthesis to systematically examine perceptions of vaccinations amongst older adults from minority ethnic backgrounds. We included studies that reported on perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes towards vaccinations in older adults aged ≥65 years from a minority ethnic background. We excluded studies of vaccinations in investigation or development, studies focused on specific medical conditions, studies where ethnic background or age group was unidentifiable, systematic reviews, editorials, and conference abstracts. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, medRxiv, and PROSPERO databases from inception to 15 July 2021. Risk of bias for studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The quality of evidence of collective outcomes was estimated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) framework. A total of 28 eligible studies conducted between 1997 and 2020 were included in the final analysis (17 quantitative surveys, 8 focus group or interview studies, 2 mixed methods studies, and 1 case-control study). The majority were US studies in English or Spanish, except for 6 studies set in Hong Kong, 2 studies in Japan, 1 study in Brazil, and 1 multi-centre study (including China, Indonesia, Turkey, South Korea, Greece, UK, Brazil, and Nigeria). In total, 28,262 individuals with an estimated mean age of 69.8 years were included, 63.2% of whom were female. We summarised the common concepts and themes across studies and populations using a convergent synthesis analysis. Thirteen themes categorised as barriers or facilitators were identified and grouped into structural factors-healthcare provider and system related, patient related, and policy and operational-and were analysed by minority ethnic group. The main limitation of the study was the predominance of studies from the US and East Asia. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review, we found that factors influencing vaccination uptake involve healthcare provider and system, patient-related, and governance-level factors that are specific to the older ethnic minority community being served. The evidence included in this review is supported by high or moderate certainty and can be translated to practice and policy. A tailored, multi-level approach combining increased education, access, and culturally competent discussions with trusted healthcare professionals to address health beliefs can maximise the potential impact of widespread vaccination policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cini Bhanu
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipesh P. Gopal
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Walters
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Umar A. R. Chaudhry
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Long A, Mathew S, Alvarez KS, Smartt J, Shah M, Madden C, Perl TM, Cerise FP, Bhavan KP. Co-Created Messaging for Influenza Vaccination in a High-Risk Hispanic Community Provides Groundwork for COVID-19 Vaccine. Health Equity 2021; 5:345-352. [PMID: 34084986 PMCID: PMC8170719 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Influenza/pneumonia is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. The 2020-2021 influenza season is predicted to be further impacted by COVID-19 infections. Historical data reflect disproportionate morbidity and mortality rates in the Hispanic population for influenza and COVID-19. Influenza vaccination rates remain low in the Hispanic community. We aim to improve vaccination through a community-led event, partnering with the Cristo Rey School Dallas, located in a zip code with a higher age-adjusted influenza/pneumonia mortality rate. A survey was administered to adults attending the Influenza vaccine event to understand attitudes and perceptions about influenza, vaccination, and effective messaging strategies for the campaign. Methods: Messaging was cocreated with student health ambassadors to promote immunization and delivered through trusted sources. The health department administered vaccines to individuals >age 3 at no cost. Adults were asked to complete a 19-question survey postvaccination offered in both English and Spanish. Results: Two hundred and forty-one of 394 (61.2%) participants completed the survey. Ninety-eight percent identified as Hispanic/Latino, and the majority of surveys were administered in Spanish. Among Spanish language participants, the church bulletins (57.3%) and Spanish language radio (30.5%) were reported to be most effective modes of messaging versus word of mouth (32.9%) and social media (26.3%) for English-speaking participants. Sixteen percent of participants surveyed had never received an influenza vaccine before this event. Conclusion: Cocreated messaging delivered by trusted sources in the Hispanic community led to a successful Influenza vaccine drive with the Dallas County health department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apple Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sheryl Mathew
- Center for Innovation and Value, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kristin S Alvarez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Center for Innovation and Value, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jillian Smartt
- Center for Innovation and Value, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Monal Shah
- Center for Innovation and Value, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Madden
- Health Systems Operations Administration, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Trish M Perl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Fred P Cerise
- Center for Innovation and Value, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kavita P Bhavan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Center for Innovation and Value, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Jiang M, Feng L, Wang W, Gong Y, Ming WK, Hayat K, Li P, Gillani AH, Yao X, Fang Y. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards influenza among Chinese adults during the epidemic of COVID-19: a cross-sectional online survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1412-1419. [PMID: 33222609 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1812312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out during the peak season of influenza in China. We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of influenza among Chinese adults during this special season. A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was performed by recruiting 4822 participants. There were 76.09% of the participants reporting that they learned more knowledge of influenza during the COVID-19 epidemic. The mean knowledge score of participants was 5.51 ± 1.55 (78.7% correct rate), and participants who received influenza vaccination in the past year scored the highest (6.06 ± 1.30, p< .001). Nearly half of the participants (49.63%) agreed the threat to the functioning of society by influenza was far less than the COVID-19. 73.04% of the participants knew influenza vaccination was the most effective way to prevent influenza infection, while 54.18% did not know the vaccination location. The proportion of participants who were willing to get vaccinated would increase from 62.53% to 85.82% if clinicians recommended the vaccination. For influenza-like illness, merely 36.11% of participants would seek medical care from the hospital, and 60.53% agreed or showed a neutral attitude toward antibiotic use for influenza treatment. Regression analyses showed that the medical profession and history of influenza vaccination were both associated with higher knowledge or attitude score and participants' use of face masks in previous seasons and their willingness to receive influenza vaccination. In conclusion, the awareness of influenza vaccination among adults in China should be reinforced and educational campaigns were warranted to increase the coverage of influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, China
| | - Liuxin Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilin Gong
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, China
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Khezar Hayat
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengchao Li
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, China
| | - Ali Hassan Gillani
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, China
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Padilla ME, Frietze G, Shenberger-Trujillo JM, Carrillo M, Loya AM. Influenza and Intentions to Vaccinate in an Underserved Hispanic Population: The Role of Theoretically Derived Constructs. J Pharm Pract 2018; 33:326-333. [DOI: 10.1177/0897190018810595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Past research has focused on understanding influenza vaccine acceptance in non-Hispanic white populations; however, research on the social causes of influenza vaccine acceptance rates in Hispanic populations is slowly developing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess theoretically driven predictors (i.e. attitudes, perceptions, behaviors, etc.) on influenza and the intention to vaccinate. Methods: A survey was administered to assess predictors of intentions to receive the influenza vaccine. The survey included items adapted from the National Flu Survey. Results: Key constructs common in models of health behaviors emerged as predictors of behavioral intentions to receive the flu vaccine. Recent vaccination within the past year ( P < 0.001), perceived effectiveness of the flu vaccine ( P < 0.004), and perceived safety of the flu vaccine ( P = 0.009) were predictors of intentions to vaccinate. Exploratory analyses revealed that government distrust was a statistically significant predictor of intentions to vaccinate ( P = 0.044). Conclusion: The above results have important implications for health-care providers and public health educators. The better we understand the relationship between theoretically driven predictors and vaccine behaviors, the more educators and health-care providers can focus on meaningful, culturally sensitive, targeted-vaccine education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Frietze
- University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy, El Paso, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Amanda M. Loya
- University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy, El Paso, TX, USA
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Moran MB, Chatterjee JS, Frank LB, Murphy ST, Zhao N, Chen N, Ball-Rokeach S. Individual, Cultural and Structural Predictors of Vaccine Safety Confidence and Influenza Vaccination Among Hispanic Female Subgroups. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 19:790-800. [PMID: 27154236 PMCID: PMC5097889 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rates of influenza vaccination among US Hispanics are lower than for non-Hispanic whites, yet little is known about factors affecting vaccination in this population. Additionally, although Hispanics are a diverse population with culturally distinct subgroups, they are often treated as a homogenous population. This study (1) examines how confidence in vaccine safety and influenza vaccine use vary by Hispanic subgroup and (2) identifies individual, cultural and structural correlates of these outcomes. This study analyzed survey data from 1565 Hispanic women who were recruited at clinic- and community-based sites in Los Angeles. Education, healthcare coverage, acculturation, fatalism, and religiosity were predictors of influenza vaccination behavior and predictors varied by subgroup. These findings provide guidance for how influenza vaccine promotion efforts can be developed for Hispanic subgroups. Confidence in the safety of a vaccine is a major predictor of flu vaccination and an important modifiable target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Bridgid Moran
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, #706, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Joyee S Chatterjee
- Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lauren B Frank
- Department of Communication, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sheila T Murphy
- Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Chen
- Department of Communication, California State University - Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Ball-Rokeach
- Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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