1
|
Awudi DA, Walker AN, Weeto MM, Priddy CB, Akan OD, Baduweh CA, Arthur BA, Yakubu S, Bafei SEC, Olagunju TM, Zaitoun M, Zhong Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Wei T, Feng Q. Unhealthy diets increase the likelihood of being overweight or obese among African migrant students in China, but not among African non-migrant students: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1291360. [PMID: 38562488 PMCID: PMC10984215 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1291360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is disproportionately felt by immigrants from low- to medium-income countries (LMICs), partly due to their dietary habits. To thrive in their new environment, migrants either omit or consume certain food items, which could lead to nutritional deficits. As a result, most migrants experience more NCDs than their compatriots in their native countries. Therefore, we evaluated the difference in dietary habits, quality, and the influencing factors of overweight or obesity among African migrant students in Nanjing (China) and non-migrant students in Africa using cross-sectional data. Methods The researchers used the food frequency questionnaire and the global diet quality score metrics to assess food intake and quality, respectively. Then, cross-tabulation was employed to explore the differences between the groups in meal skipping, eating habits, and diet quality. Finally, the factors associated with overweight or obesity were assessed with binary logistic regression stratified by African students in Nanjing and students in their native countries. Results Approximately 678 responses were received, mainly between 18-25 years (46.7%) and 26-36 years (45.4 %). The majority of them (52.3%) were international students. The non-migrant African students' diets lacked citrus fruits (22.2%), deep orange fruits (15.4%), deep orange vegetables (18%), cruciferous vegetables (24.6%), and dark leafy vegetables (26.5%). While the African migrant students consumed more high-fat dairy (50.7%), processed meats (23.9%), sweets and ice creams (51.3%), sugar-sweetened beverages (40.5%), and juice (61.5%), p < 0.001. Furthermore, consuming late-night meals constantly [Exp (B) = 39.607, p = 0.049], eating twice a day [Exp (B) = 6.527, p = 0.036], consuming red meat [Exp (B) = 29.287, p = 0.001], processed meats [Exp (B) = 719.979, p = 0.0011], refined grains and baked foods [Exp (B) = 15.752, p = 0.013], and sweets and ice cream [Exp (B) = 193.633, p = 0.006] were factors inducing overweight or obesity among only African migrant students. Conclusion Controlling the what (Western diet and nature of late-night meals) and the when of eating can drastically reduce their influence on obesogenic condition formation in African migrant students in China and elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Abra Awudi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anita Nyarkoa Walker
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mary Makhala Weeto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Otobong Donald Akan
- Microbiology Department, Akwa-Ibom State University, Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria
- Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | | | | | - Salimata Yakubu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Timothy Mobolaji Olagunju
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Margaret Zaitoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxia Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yucong Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuandie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sheng J, Abshire DA, Heiney SP, Wu HS, Wirth MD. Sociodemographic, health-related, and acculturation determinants of physical activity participation among Asian American women. Prev Med Rep 2023; 33:102193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
|
3
|
LeCroy MN, Suss R, Russo RG, Sifuentes S, Beasley JM, Barajas-Gonzalez RG, Chebli P, Foster V, Kwon SC, Trinh-Shevrin C, Yi SS. Looking Across and Within: Immigration as a Unifying Structural Factor Impacting Cardiometabolic Health and Diet. Ethn Dis 2023; 33:130-139. [PMID: 38845741 PMCID: PMC11145733 DOI: 10.18865/ed.33.2-3.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immigration has been identified as an important social determinant of health (SDH), embodying structures and policies that reinforce positions of poverty, stress, and limited social and economic mobility. In the public health literature with regard to diet, immigration is often characterized as an individual-level process (dietary acculturation) and is largely examined in one racial/ethnic subgroup at a time. For this narrative review, we aim to broaden the research discussion by describing SDH common to the immigrant experience and that may serve as barriers to healthy diets. Methods A narrative review of peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies on cardiometabolic health disparities, diet, and immigration was conducted. Results Cardiometabolic disease disparities were frequently described by racial/ethnic subgroups instead of country of origin. While cardiovascular disease and obesity risk differed by country of origin, diabetes prevalence was typically higher for immigrant groups vs United States (US)-born individuals. Common barriers to achieving a healthy diet were food insecurity; lack of familiarity with US food procurement practices, food preparation methods, and dietary guidelines; lack of familiarity and distrust of US food processing and storage methods; alternative priorities for food purchasing (eg, freshness, cultural relevance); logistical obstacles (eg, transportation); stress; and ethnic identity maintenance. Conclusions To improve the health of immigrant populations, understanding similarities in cardiometabolic health disparities, diet, and barriers to health across immigrant communities-traversing racial/ethnic subgroups-may serve as a useful framework. This framework can guide research, policy, and public health practices to be more cohesive, generalizable, and meaningfully inclusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison N. LeCroy
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rachel Suss
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rienna G. Russo
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Sonia Sifuentes
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jeannette M. Beasley
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Health, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - R. Gabriela Barajas-Gonzalez
- Department of Population Health, Center for Early Childhood Health and Development, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Perla Chebli
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Victoria Foster
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Simona C. Kwon
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stella S. Yi
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al Rifai M, Kianoush S, Jain V, Joshi PH, Cainzos-Achirica M, Nasir K, Merchant AT, Dodani S, Wong SS, Samad Z, Mehta A, Chunara R, Kalra A, Virani SS. Association of U.S. birth, duration of residence in the U.S., and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors among Asian adults. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101916. [PMID: 35898194 PMCID: PMC9309422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prior studies have shown a direct association between U.S. birth and duration of residence with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) though, few have specifically focused on Asian Americans. Methods We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2006 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey. We compared prevalent cardiovascular risk factors and ASCVD among Asian American individuals by U.S. birth and duration of time spent in the U.S. Results The study sample consisted of 18,150 Asian individuals of whom 20.5 % were Asian Indian, 20.5 % were Chinese, 23.4 % were Filipino, and 35.6 % were of other Asian ethnic groups. The mean (standard error) age was 43.8 (0.21) years and 53 % were women. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, U.S. birth was associated with a higher prevalence odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) of current smoking 1.31 (1.07,1.60), physical inactivity 0.62 (0.54,0.72), obesity 2.26 (1.91,2.69), hypertension 1.33 (1.12,1.58), and CAD 1.96 (1.24,3.11), but lower prevalence of stroke 0.28 (0.11,0.71). Spending greater than 15 years in the U.S. was associated with a higher prevalence of current smoking 1.65 (1.24,2.21), obesity 2.33 (1.57,3.47), diabetes 2.68 (1.17,6.15), and hyperlipidemia 1.72 (1.09,2.71). Conclusion Heterogeneity exists in cardiovascular risk factor burden among Asian Americans according to Asian ethnicity, U.S. birth, and duration of time living in the U.S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sina Kianoush
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vardhmaan Jain
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Parag H. Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anwar T. Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sunita Dodani
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk, VA, United States
- EVMS-Sentara Healthcare Analytics and Delivery Science Institute, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Sally S. Wong
- Office of Science, Medicine and Health, The American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Anurag Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rumi Chunara
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University & Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ankur Kalra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Salim S. Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Health Policy, Quality & Informatics Program, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center Health Services Research & Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Houston, TX, United States
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
How and Why Diets Change Post-Migration: A Qualitative Exploration of Dietary Acculturation among Recent Chinese Immigrants in Australia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173573. [PMID: 36079830 PMCID: PMC9460769 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese immigrants living in Western countries are at increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Dietary acculturation has been implicated as a potential contributor, but little is known about why diets change post-migration. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore how and why diets change post-migration for Chinese immigrants living in Australia. Eleven participants undertook semi-structured interviews exploring and comparing their diets when they lived in China to their post-migration diets. Thematic analysis revealed that participants exhibited changed social structures of meal preparation, and made unacknowledged dietary changes, such as recipe modification, to maintain their traditional Chinese diet post-migration. Implications of both deliberate and unrecognized dietary changes post-migration include connections to increased risk for metabolic disease post-migration.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nmezi NA, Turkson-Ocran RA, Tucker CM, Commodore-Mensah Y. The Associations between Depression, Acculturation, and Cardiovascular Health among African Immigrants in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6658. [PMID: 35682247 PMCID: PMC9180644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death both globally and in the United States (U.S.). Racial health disparities in cardiovascular health (CVH) persist with non-Hispanic Black adults having a higher burden of CVD morbidity and mortality compared to other racial groups. African immigrants represent an increasingly growing sub-population of the overall U.S. non-Hispanic Black adult population, however little is known about how specific psychological and social factors (i.e., depression and acculturation) influence the CVH of U.S. African immigrants. We sought to examine the association between severity of depression symptomology and CVH among African immigrants, and whether acculturation moderated the relationship between severity of depression symptoms and CVH. Study participants were those in the African Immigrant Health Study conducted in the Baltimore-Washington D.C. area. Severity of depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8). CVH was assessed using the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 metrics and categorized as poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH. Acculturation measured as length of stay and acculturation strategy was examined as a moderator variable. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between depression and CVH and the moderating effect of acculturation adjusting for known confounders. In total 317 African immigrants participated in the study. The mean (±SD) age of study participants was 46.9 (±11.1) and a majority (60%) identified as female. Overall, 8.8% of study participants endorsed moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression. African immigrants endorsing moderate-to-severe levels of depression were less likely to have ideal CVH compared to those with minimal-to-mild symptoms of depression (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.17-0.99). Acculturation measured either as length of stay or acculturation strategy did not moderate the relationship between depression and CVH among study participants. Study participants exhibited elevated levels of symptoms of depression. Greater severity of depression symptoms was associated with worse CVH. Efforts to treat and prevent CVD among African immigrants should also include a focus on addressing symptoms of depression within this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nwakaego A. Nmezi
- Division of Rehabilitation Psychology and Neuropsychology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran
- Section for Research, Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Carolyn M. Tucker
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zou P, Ba D, Luo Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, Zhang H, Wang Y. Dietary Characteristics and Influencing Factors on Chinese Immigrants in Canada and the United States: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:2166. [PMID: 35631309 PMCID: PMC9147302 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese immigrants are an integral part of Canadian and American society. Chinese immigrants believe diet to be an important aspect of health, and dietary behaviours in this population have been associated with changes in disease risk factors and disease incidence. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of the dietary behaviours of Chinese immigrants and the associated influencing factors to better inform individual, clinical, and policy decisions. METHODS This scoping review was written in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, AgeLine, ERIC, ProQuest, Nursing and Allied Health Database, PsychARTICLES, and Sociology Database were utilized for the literature search. Articles were included if they explored dietary or nutritional intake or its influencing factors for Chinese immigrants to Canada or the United States. RESULTS A total of 51 papers were included in this review. Among Chinese immigrants in Canada and the United States, the intake of fruits and vegetables, milk and alternatives, and fiber were inadequate against national recommendations. Chinese immigrants showed increased total consumption of food across all food groups and adoption of Western food items. Total caloric intake, meat and alternatives intake, and carbohydrate intake increased with acculturation. Individual factors (demographics, individual preferences, and nutritional awareness), familial factors (familial preferences and values, having young children in the family, and household food environment), and community factors (accessibility and cultural conceptualizations of health and eating) influenced dietary behaviours of Chinese immigrants. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Efforts should be undertaken to increase fruit, vegetable, and fibre consumption in this population. As dietary acculturation is inevitable, efforts must also be undertaken to ensure that healthy Western foods are adopted. It is important for healthcare providers to remain culturally sensitive when providing dietary recommendations. This can be achieved through encouragement of healthy ethnocultural foods and acknowledgement and incorporation of traditional health beliefs and values into Western evidence-based principles where possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zou
- School of Nursing, Nipissing University, 222 St. Patrick Street, Suite 618, Toronto, ON M5T 1V4, Canada
| | - Dong Ba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Yan Luo
- Faculty of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Yeqin Yang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China;
| | - Yao Wang
- Xiang Ya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Levy N, Cheung W, McDonald H, Banez MC, Shang J, Stone PW, Sun C. Symptom management in Chinese adults with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Appl Nurs Res 2022; 64:151549. [PMID: 35307124 PMCID: PMC8941188 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With over $50 billion spent annually in the United Sates (U.S.) on patients with chronic kidney diseases, and an incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Asian Americans that is 1.5 times higher than in Caucasians, there is a compelling need to improve symptom management strategies for this population. AIMS 1) To identify common, bothersome symptoms and both Eastern and Western symptom-management strategies in older Chinese-American ESRD patients. 2) To validate the effectiveness of these symptom-management strategies through literature review and an expert panel. METHODS 1) Older Chinese-Americans were surveyed to assess common ESRD symptoms and management strategies. 2) An umbrella review of patients' symptom-management strategies was conducted, and findings were confirmed by experts. RESULTS 1) Thirty Chinese-American ESRD patients with an average age of 80 (SD = 13.08) reported strategies to manage fatigue, pain, sleep disturbance, dyspnea, anxiety, nausea and vomiting, constipation, and pruritus. 2) A total of 55 studies were included in the umbrella review. Evidence of varying quality and confirmation by experts supported the effectiveness of 33 symptom-management strategies used by Chinese-American ESRD patients. CONCLUSION Further study is needed to understand why Chinese-American patients, on average, reported fewer symptoms compared with the general population but scored lower on quality of life measures; to validate reported amelioration strategies; to explore strategy effectiveness; and to uncover additional symptoms and strategies among older Chinese-Americans living with ESRD.
Collapse
|
9
|
Food Habits of Chinese Immigrants in the Community of Madrid. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Jiang Y, Nagao-Sato S, Overcash F, Reicks M. Associations between acculturation and diet and health indicators among U.S. Asian adults: NHANES 2011-2016. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Lee SD, Kellow NJ, Choi TST, Huggins CE. Assessment of Dietary Acculturation in East Asian Populations: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:865-886. [PMID: 33119743 PMCID: PMC8166541 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
East Asian immigrants face multiple challenges upon arrival in their destination country, including an increased risk of future diabetes and cardiovascular disease development. The adoption of food and eating patterns of their host country (i.e., dietary acculturation) may contribute to this increased disease risk. To effectively examine the dietary acculturation-disease risk relationship in East Asian immigrants, sensitive tools are necessary; however, there has been no systematic review of the methods used to assess dietary acculturation in this population. A systematic scoping review of the literature was undertaken to address this gap. A systematic search was conducted in December 2019 and returned a total of 6140 papers. Manuscripts were screened independently by 2 reviewers, resulting in the final inclusion of 30 papers reporting on 27 studies. Robust measures of dietary acculturation were lacking, with only 6 studies using validated tools. Most studies used self-reported cross-sectional surveys to determine how the individual's diet had changed since immigrating, with responses provided on Likert scales. Only 3 quantitative longitudinal studies used prospective measures of diet change, through serial food-frequency questionnaires. Qualitative studies explored dietary acculturation and factors influencing change in diet through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. This review found there is no consensus in the literature on how to most effectively measure the magnitude and process of dietary acculturation in East Asian populations. There is a need for robust, longitudinal, and mixed-method study designs to address the lack of evidence and develop more comprehensive tools measuring dietary acculturation. Improving the assessment methods used to measure dietary acculturation is critical in helping to monitor the impact of interventions or policies aimed at reducing diet-related disease risk in East Asian immigrant populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Be Active Sleep Eat (BASE) Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole J Kellow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Be Active Sleep Eat (BASE) Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tammie S T Choi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Be Active Sleep Eat (BASE) Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kivuyo NG, Sharma S. Dietary acculturation among African emigrant students in India: determinants and problems. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2402-2409. [PMID: 32389158 PMCID: PMC11374565 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019005226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emigrants face a high level of food insecurity. There is a wide research gap in the domain of identifying the determinants and problems of dietary acculturation in the context of emigrant students. This article attempts to study the factors affecting the dietary acculturation of African emigrant students in India. DESIGN For conducting a first-of-its-kind study for African emigrant students in India, we used field survey method, and the primary data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire. SETTING This was a field survey conducted in Punjab (a state of India). PARTICIPANTS One hundred and twenty African emigrant students participated in the survey. RESULTS Results of logistic regression indicated that food awareness (P = 0·027) and food suitability (P = 0·043) were the major determinants of dietary acculturation. Lack of familiarity and lack of proximity to food access points are the major problems faced by the African emigrant students. African emigrant students prepared for dietary acculturation largely only after coming to India. There is a significant positive correlation (P = 0·013) between problems faced by the respondents and tendency to prepare for acculturation after coming to India. CONCLUSIONS Information regarding local food environment plays a significant role in dietary acculturation. There is a pertinent need to educate emigrant students regarding food availability and access by developing suitable educational content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonika Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana141004, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tock WL, Tung WC, Holston EC, Hsu YW. Bodyweight Misperception by Chinese American Females Influenced by Cultural and Social Ideals: Implication for Home Health Care. HOME HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1084822319893993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bodyweight misperception results from the desire to achieve an ideal body emphasized by cultural mores and societal norms. It is sustained by the desire to be cultural compliant, especially for ethnic minority women such as Chinese American females. Through cultural beliefs, these women’s self-perceived weight status is distorted, which strengthens the impact of bodyweight misperception in their daily life as poor physical health, distressed psychosocial health, risky and unsafe health practices and behaviors, and diminished quality of life. Evidently, bodyweight misperception promotes maladaptive health behaviors. However, bodyweight misperception is barely captured in the current science about women’s health, and is minimally explored in research about Chinese American females’ desire and efforts to achieve the ideal body type. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review was to explore (1) body weight perception, (2) the factors associated with it, and (3) the negative health consequences triggered by it, in Chinese American females. Studies confirm that Chinese American females shape their body weight perception by internalized cultural ideals, acculturative stress, mass media, and social pressures. They overestimate their body weight more than underestimate it as evident by frequent weight-loss attempts. This internalized bodyweight misperception affects their physical and psychological health, with undesirable consequences on their quality of life. Home health care professionals interact closely with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds; remaining culturally sensitive is crucial in their practice. Knowledge from this literature review emphasizes the need for culturally appropriate weight management strategies for the delivery of competent home health care to Chinese American females.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kirshner L, Yi SS, Wylie-Rosett J, Matthan NR, Beasley JM. Acculturation and Diet Among Chinese American Immigrants in New York City. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzz124. [PMID: 32270131 PMCID: PMC7121198 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the social and cultural determinants of dietary intake in Chinese Americans. Over 560,000 New York City residents are Chinese American, and there has been a growing trend over the past 30 y of permanent migration from China to the USA. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this secondary data analysis is to describe associations between diet, measured by self-report, and diet quality, with level of acculturation in a cross-sectional sample of urban-dwelling Chinese American immigrants. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 2071 foreign-born Chinese American adults. Acculturation was assessed using the Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale, diet using a Chinese-adapted FFQ, and diet quality using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Multivariable regression was used to assess associations between ethnic (ESI; Chinese) and dominant (DSI; American) society immersion scores with self-reported dietary measures. RESULTS No significant associations were found between acculturation and overall AHEI score. Higher ESI and DSI scores were associated with higher vegetable, fruit, and nut/legume scores; a higher DSI score only was associated with higher whole grain and PUFA scores. A 1-unit increase in the ESI score was associated with a 0.005 (P = 0.009) lower red and processed meat component score, whereas a 1-unit increase in DSI score was associated with a 0.01 (P = 0.025) higher red and processed meat component score. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of acculturation level may help to tailor dietary strategies that are appropriate to what Chinese American immigrant communities are consuming to more effectively decrease the risk of chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stella S Yi
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fang CY, Egleston BL, Byrne C, Bohr GS, Pathak HB, Godwin AK, Siu PT, Tseng M. Inflammation and breast density among female Chinese immigrants: exploring variations across neighborhoods. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1113-1126. [PMID: 31392546 PMCID: PMC6745706 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined associations of inflammation with breast density, a marker of breast cancer risk, among female Chinese immigrants and explored whether associations varied by neighborhood environment. METHODS Assessments of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2), and breast density were performed among 401 Chinese immigrants across the Philadelphia region. Participant addresses were geocoded, with the majority residing in areas representing traditional urban enclaves (i.e., Chinatown and South Philadelphia) or an emerging enclave with a smaller, but rapidly growing Chinese immigrant population (i.e., the Near Northeast). The remainder was classified as residing in non-enclaves. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted regression models, CRP was inversely associated with dense breast area (p = 0.01). Levels of sTNFR2 were also inversely associated with dense breast area, but these associations varied by neighborhood (interaction p = 0.01); specifically, inverse associations were observed among women residing in the emerging enclave (p = 0.03), but not other neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese immigrant women, aggregate analyses that do not take neighborhood context into consideration can mask potential variations in association of inflammatory markers with breast density. Future studies should consider how neighborhood contextual factors may contribute to differential risk pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Y Fang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
| | - Brian L Egleston
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Celia Byrne
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Gregory S Bohr
- Social Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407-0329, USA
| | - Harsh B Pathak
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Philip T Siu
- Chinatown Medical Services, Greater Philadelphia Health Action, Inc., 930 Washington Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19147, USA
| | - Marilyn Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thomas SC, Umer A, Commodore-Mensah Y, Davidov D, Abildso CG. Length of Residence and Cardiovascular Health among Afro-Caribbean Immigrants in New York City. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 6:487-496. [PMID: 30547300 PMCID: PMC6500463 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-00547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) in the United States (U.S.). Afro-Caribbean (AC) immigrants comprise over 50% of the immigrant black population and are critical in understanding the health trajectories of blacks in the U.S. We assessed the relationship between length of residence (proxy measure for acculturation) and cardiovascular health (CVH) based on the American Heart Association's (AHA) seven ideal cardiovascular health components among AC immigrants in New York City (NYC). CVH scores were categorized into poor/intermediate CVH (0-3 components) or ideal CVH (≥ 4 components). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between length of residence in the U.S. and poor/intermediate CVH. In adjusted models, the odds of poor/intermediate CVH were significantly higher for Guyanese (OR = 3.51; 95% CI 1.03-11.95) and Haitian immigrants (OR = 8.02; 95% CI 1.88-34.12) residing in the U.S. for ≥ 10 years than for those living in the U.S. for < 10 years. Length of residence was not significantly associated with CVH among Jamaican immigrants. We found evidence of ethnic differences in the association between acculturation and CVH among AC immigrants in a major metropolitan city. Culturally tailored interventions are needed to improve the CVH of AC immigrants as they become integrated into the U.S., with special consideration of country of birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabena C Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA
| | - Amna Umer
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9214, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9214, USA
| | | | - Danielle Davidov
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA
| | - Christiaan G Abildso
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Physical Activity Among Foreign-Born Older Adults in Canada: A Mixed-Method Study Conducted in Five Languages. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:396-406. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Foreign-born older adults (FBOAs) are at risk for negative health transitions in Canada. Physical activity (PA) enhances health, yet we know very little about the PA habits of FBOAs in Canada. We conducted a mixed-method study in English, Cantonese, Mandarin, Punjabi, and Hindi, with 49 South Asian and Chinese FBOAs in Vancouver, Canada. In total, 49 participants completed surveys; of these 49, 46 wore accelerometers and 18 completed in-depth interviews. Participants’ mean daily step count was 7,876 (women: 8,172, men: 7,164, Chinese: 8,291, and South Asian: 7,196). The bulk of their time is spent in light and sedentary activities. PA is principally acquired through walking for errands and work performed in and around the home. This study challenges the assumption that FBOAs are less active than their nonimmigrant peers and confirms the key role of “nonexercise” and low activity, rather than moderate to vigorous, in older adults’ PA acquisition.
Collapse
|
18
|
Park HR, Tserendejid Z, Lee JH, Lim YS. Acculturation and Dietary Intakes by Gender Among Mongolians in South Korea: Nutrition Education Implication for Multicultural Families. Asia Pac J Public Health 2017; 29:608-616. [PMID: 29094631 DOI: 10.1177/1010539517737175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We explored the relationship between acculturation and dietary intake by gender for 500 Mongolians residing in South Korea. The high acculturation (HA) group females consumed more fish and shellfish, vegetables, beans, and rice, and less meats, flours, and oil than the low acculturation (LA) group did. However, there was no statistical difference in food group intake between HA and LA group males. HA group females showed higher intake of carbohydrates, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, vitamin A, and folate compared with LA group females. However, only folate and vitamin B2 intake was statistically different between HA and LA group males. Acculturation and gender interactions were found for the consumption of meats, flours, fish and shellfish, beans, and vegetables. The findings from this study have implications for developing customized nutrition intervention programs by gender for immigrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ryun Park
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Zuunnast Tserendejid
- 2 Mongolia Center for Improvement of Nutrition, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Joung Hee Lee
- 3 Graduate School of Education, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi,South Korea
| | - Young Suk Lim
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Echeverria SE, Mustafa M, Pentakota SR, Kim S, Hastings KG, Amadi C, Palaniappan L. Social and clinically-relevant cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Americans adults: NHANES 2011-2014. Prev Med 2017; 99:222-227. [PMID: 28219784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Little evidence exists examining cardiovascular risk factors among Asian Americans and how social determinants such as nativity status and education pattern risk in the United States (U.S.) context. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which purposely oversampled Asian Americans from 2011 to 2014, and examined prevalence of Type II diabetes, smoking and obesity for Asian Americans (n=1363) and non-Latino Whites (n=4121). We classified Asian Americans as U.S. or foreign-born and by years in the U.S. Obesity status was based on standard body mass index (BMI) cut points of ≥30kg/m2 and Asian-specific cut points (BMI≥25kg/m2) that may be more clinically relevant for this population. We fit separate logistic regression models for each outcome using complex survey design methods and tested for the joint effect of race, nativity and education on each outcome. Diabetes and obesity prevalence (applying Asian-specific BMI cut points) were higher among Asian Americans when compared to non-Latino Whites but smoking prevalence was lower. These patterns remained in fully adjusted models and showed small increases with longer duration in the U.S. Joint effects models showed higher odds of prevalent Type II diabetes and obesity (Asian-specific) for foreign-born Asians, regardless of years in the U.S. and slightly higher risk for low education, when compared to non-Latino Whites with high education. Smoking models showed significant interaction effects between race and education for non-Latino Whites only. Our study supports the premise that social as well as clinical factors should be considered when developing health initiatives for Asian Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Echeverria
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Mehnaz Mustafa
- New Jersey Department of Health and Human Services, United States
| | - Sri Ram Pentakota
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NY, United States.
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NY, United States.
| | - Katherine G Hastings
- Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Chioma Amadi
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Van Hook J, Quiros S, Frisco ML. The food similarity index: a new measure of dietary acculturation based on dietary recall data. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:441-9. [PMID: 25245371 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces a flexible indicator of dietary acculturation that measures immigrants' eating behavior relative to U.S.-born persons. Using 24-hour dietary recall data from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey pooled across multiple years from 1999/00 through 2009/10, we developed and tested the validity of the "Food Similarity Index" (FSI), which indicates the similarity of the foods consumed by individuals to the foods most commonly consumed by same-aged U.S-born persons of all racial/ethnic groups. We demonstrate its utility here for children and adults of four racial-ethnic groups. FSI was positively associated with the consumption of common American foods and negatively associated with eating Hispanic and Asian foods. In addition, FSI was associated with generational status among all racial/ethnic groups and duration of U.S. residence among Hispanics. FSI was also negatively associated with the Healthy Eating Index 2010. The FSI enables researchers to compare immigrants' dietary patterns over generations and across groups. It can be used to study how dietary acculturation shapes health risk factors and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Van Hook
- Department of Sociology and Criminology and Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Acculturation and dietary change among Chinese immigrant women in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:400-7. [PMID: 25281323 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
US Chinese immigrants undergo a transition to increased chronic disease risk commonly attributed to acculturative and dietary changes. Longitudinal data to confirm this are lacking. We examined acculturation and diet over time in 312 Chinese immigrant women in Philadelphia, recruited October 2005 to April 2008 and followed with interviews and dietary recalls until April 2010. Associations were modeled using generalized estimating equations to account for repeated measures over time. Increasing length of US residence was associated with a small (~1%/year) but significant increase in acculturation score (p < 0.0001), which in turn was significantly associated with increased energy density of the diet, percent of energy from fat, and sugar intake, and lower dietary moderation score. These findings provide longitudinal evidence that acculturation increases with length of US residence and is accompanied by dietary changes. However, the changes were small enough that their health impact is unclear. Factors besides acculturation that affect immigrant health and that affect the acculturation trajectory itself warrant investigation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Commodore-Mensah Y, Ukonu N, Obisesan O, Aboagye JK, Agyemang C, Reilly CM, Dunbar SB, Okosun IS. Length of Residence in the United States is Associated With a Higher Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Immigrants: A Contemporary Analysis of the National Health Interview Survey. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.004059. [PMID: 27815269 PMCID: PMC5210341 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors including hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are high among United States ethnic minorities, and the immigrant population continues to burgeon. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypothesizing that acculturation (length of residence) would be associated with a higher prevalence of CMR factors, the authors analyzed data on 54, 984 US immigrants in the 2010-2014 National Health Interview Surveys. The main predictor was length of residence. The outcomes were hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. The authors used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between length of US residence and these CMR factors.The mean (SE) age of the patients was 43 (0.12) years and half were women. Participants residing in the United States for ≥10 years were more likely to have health insurance than those with <10 years of residence (70% versus 54%, P<0.001). After adjusting for region of birth, poverty income ratio, age, and sex, immigrants residing in the United States for ≥10 years were more likely to be overweight/obese (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.10-1.29), diabetic (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17-1.73), and hypertensive (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.32) than those residing in the United States for <10 years. CONCLUSIONS In an ethnically diverse sample of US immigrants, acculturation was associated with CMR factors. Culturally tailored public health strategies should be developed in US immigrant populations to reduce CMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nwakaego Ukonu
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolyn M Reilly
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff, School of Nursing Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sandra B Dunbar
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff, School of Nursing Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ike S Okosun
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Acculturation and Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Hispanic and Chinese-American Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149267. [PMID: 26872329 PMCID: PMC4752232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acculturation to the U.S. is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the etiologic pathways are not fully understood. Plasma fatty acid levels exhibit ethnic differences and are emerging as biomarkers and predictors of cardiovascular disease risk. Thus, plasma fatty acids may represent one pathway underlying the association between acculturation and cardiovascular disease. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between acculturation and plasma phospholipid fatty acids in a diverse sample of Hispanic- and Chinese-American adults. Methods and Findings Participants included 377 Mexican, 320 non-Mexican Hispanic, and 712 Chinese adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, who had full plasma phospholipid assays and acculturation information. Acculturation was determined from three proxy measures: nativity, language spoken at home, and years in the U.S., with possible scores ranging from 0 (least acculturated) to 5 (most acculturated) points. α-Linolenic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid were measured in fasting plasma. Linear regression models were conducted in race/ethnicity-stratified analyses, with acculturation as the predictor and plasma phospholipid fatty acids as the outcome variables. We ran secondary analyses to examine associations between acculturation and dietary fatty acids for comparison. Covariates included age, gender, education, and income. Contrary to our hypothesis, no statistically significant associations were detected between acculturation and plasma phospholipid fatty acids for Chinese, non-Mexican Hispanic, or Mexican participants. However, acculturation was related to dietary total n-6 fatty acids and dietary n-3/n-6 ratios in expected directions for Mexican, non-Mexican Hispanic, and combined Hispanic participants. In Chinese individuals, acculturation was unexpectedly associated with lower arachidonic acid intake. Conclusion Absence of associations between acculturation and plasma phospholipid fatty acids suggests that changes in the plasma phospholipid fatty acids studied do not account for the observed associations of acculturation to the U.S. and cardiovascular disease risk. Similar findings were observed for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, when using dietary intake. However, the observed associations between dietary n-6 fatty acids and acculturation in Hispanic individuals suggest that dietary intake may be more informative than phospholipids when investigating acculturation effects. In Chinese individuals, acculturation may have a possible protective effect through decreased arachidonic acid intake. Further research on dietary fatty acids and other cardiovascular disease biomarkers is needed to identify possible etiologic mechanisms between acculturation and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wyatt LC, Trinh-Shevrin C, Islam NS, Kwon SC. Health-related quality of life and health behaviors in a population-based sample of older, foreign-born, Chinese American adults living in New York City. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2015; 41:98S-107S. [PMID: 25274716 DOI: 10.1177/1090198114540462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the New York City Chinese population aged ≥ 65 years increased by 50% between 2000 and 2010, the health needs of this population are poorly understood. Approximately 3,001 Chinese individuals from high-density Asian American New York City areas were included in the REACH U.S. Risk Factor Survey; 805 (26.8%) were aged ≥ 65 years and foreign-born. Four health-related quality of life and three behavioral risk factor outcome variables were examined. Descriptive statistics were conducted by gender, and logistic regression models assessed sociodemographic and health factors associated with each outcome. Few women were current smokers (1.3% vs. 14.8% of men), 19% of respondents ate fruits and vegetables more than or equal to five times daily, and one-third of individuals received sufficient weekly physical activity. Days of poor health were similar to the national population aged ≥ 65 years, while self-reported fair or poor health was much greater among our Chinese sample; over 60% of respondents rated their health as fair or poor. Lower education and lower obesity were significantly associated with cigarette smoking among men, and older age was significantly associated with insufficient physical activity overall. Female gender was significantly associated with all poor health days; older age was significantly associated with poor days of physical health, and lower income was significantly associated with poor days of physical health and fair or poor self-reported health. This study provides important health-related information on a rapidly growing older population and highlights future research areas to inform culturally appropriate health promotion and disease prevention strategies and policies within community-based settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Wyatt
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadia S Islam
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simona C Kwon
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang W, Yu N. Coping with a New Health Culture: Acculturation and Online Health Information Seeking Among Chinese Immigrants in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 17:1427-35. [PMID: 25228489 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weirui Wang
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151 ST., ACII-328, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Corlin L, Woodin M, Thanikachalam M, Lowe L, Brugge D. Evidence for the healthy immigrant effect in older Chinese immigrants: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:603. [PMID: 24928348 PMCID: PMC4067103 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has found that first-generation immigrants to developed nations tend to have better health than individuals born in the host country. We examined the evidence for the healthy immigrant effect and convergence of health status between Chinese immigrants (n = 147) and U.S. born whites (n = 167) participating in the cross-sectional Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health study and residing in the same neighborhoods. METHODS We used bivariate and multivariate models to compare disease prevalence and clinical biomarkers. RESULTS Despite an older average age and lower socioeconomic status, Chinese immigrants were less likely to have asthma (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.09-0.48) or cardiovascular disease (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.20-0.94), had lower body mass index (BMI), lower inflammation biomarker levels, lower average sex-adjusted low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and higher average sex-adjusted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes or hypertension. Duration of time in the U.S. was related to cardiovascular disease and asthma but was not associated with diabetes, hypertension, BMI, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, socioeconomic status, or health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The lower CVD and asthma prevalence among the Chinese immigrants may be partially attributed to healthier diets, more physical activity, lower BMI, and less exposure to cigarette smoke. First generation immigrant status may be protective even after about two decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Park H, Tserendejid Z, Song KH, Lee J, Lee Y. Dietary Patterns and the Association with Dietary Quality Among Mongolian Immigrants in South Korea. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 17:422-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether duration of residence (DOR) impacts dementia literacy in Chinese Americans aged 40-64. MATERIAL A total of 151 Chinese Americans answered a self-administered, true/false survey assessing knowledge of dementia symptoms, treatment, cause and prognosis. Two groups were dichotomized and compared based on DOR in the USA. DISCUSSION DOR did not greatly impact the understanding of dementia between respondents with a < 20-year versus a ≥ 20-year DOR. Both groups exhibited deficiencies in recognizing the symptoms of dementia. CONCLUSION Gaps in dementia knowledge reflect a stigma surrounding mental illness among Chinese Americans, and impact the seeking of professional care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Diamond
- Western University of Health Sciences - College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin K P Woo
- Olive View - UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|