1
|
Zovich B, Block SJ, Borondy-Jenkins F, Moraras K, Chen T, Adedokun R, Hua D, Cohen C. The role of culturally appropriate interpersonal communication strategies to reduce hepatitis B and liver cancer disparities. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1377096. [PMID: 39185121 PMCID: PMC11341449 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1377096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asian and Pacific Islander (API), African, and Caribbean immigrant groups in the U.S. are disproportionately impacted by chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). Creating educational communication campaigns about hepatitis B and liver cancer for these communities is necessary to increase disease-related awareness and prompt health-promoting behaviors. Identifying interpersonal communication (IPC) preferences within diverse communities for integration into an educational campaign that emphasizes the link between hepatitis B and liver cancer can ultimately promote uptake of screening, vaccination and linkage to appropriate care. Methods Fifteen focus groups and two key informant interviews were conducted with participants from Micronesian, Chinese, Hmong, Nigerian, Ghanaian, Vietnamese, Korean, Somali, Ethiopian, Filipino, Haitian, and Francophone West African communities. Data were analyzed using thematic coding and analysis. Results Findings demonstrate that all communities preferred that materials be offered in both English and native languages and emphasized that campaigns highlight the connection between hepatitis B and liver cancer. Educational sessions should take place in settings where communities feel safe, including community-based organizations, religious establishments, and healthcare offices, and should be facilitated by trusted messengers, including patient navigators, doctors and faith leaders. Presenting accurate information and dispelling myths and misconceptions around hepatitis B, liver cancer, and their connection were the biggest needs identified across all focus groups. Discussion This study provides insight into community-specific preferences for learning about hepatitis B and liver cancer through IPC methods. The findings from this study can be used to design multi-platform, culturally and linguistically appropriate health education campaigns to facilitate improved diagnosis, prevention, and management of hepatitis B and liver cancer among heavily impacted communities in the U.S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne J. Block
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Kate Moraras
- Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Dung Hua
- Vital Access Care Foundation, Fountain Valley, CA, United States
| | - Chari Cohen
- Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zovich B, Block SJ, Borondy-Jenkins F, Chen T, Moraras K, Afoakwah J, Dong M, Cohen C. The Role of Culturally Appropriate Mediated Communication Strategies to Reduce Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer Disparities. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 29:440-449. [PMID: 38832597 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2362882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Asian, Pacific Islander, African, and Caribbean communities in the U.S. are heavily impacted by chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Educating these groups about the link between the two diseases is imperative to improve screening rates and health outcomes. This study aims to identify and incorporate preferred mediated communication methods into community-specific educational campaigns which emphasize the connection between the conditions, to promote uptake of prevention and management behaviors for HBV and HCC. Fifteen focus groups and two key informant interviews were conducted with Micronesian, Chinese, Hmong, Nigerian, Ghanaian, Vietnamese, Korean, Somali, Ethiopian, Filipino, Haitian, and Francophone West African communities. Data were analyzed using thematic coding and analysis. Findings demonstrate that all communities preferred materials be offered in both English and native languages and requested that materials highlight the connection between HBV and HCC. Delivery channel preferences and messaging themes varied by group. This study provides insight into community-specific preferences for learning about HBV and HCC. The findings can be used to design culturally and linguistically tailored, multi-platform, health education campaigns to facilitate improved HBV screening and vaccination rates and increase knowledge about HCC risk among highly impacted communities in the U.S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Zovich
- Public Health Research, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzanne J Block
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Thomas Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kate Moraras
- Public Health Research, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janet Afoakwah
- Public Health Research, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mi Dong
- Public Health Research, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chari Cohen
- Public Health Research, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chhavi N, Srivastava G, Waseem M, Yadav A, Singh S, Singh R, Goel A. Parents's knowledge and awareness about hepatitis B can influence the vaccination of their children. World J Virol 2024; 13:92115. [PMID: 38984086 PMCID: PMC11229838 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth-dose (Hep-BD) followed by three additional doses (Hep-B3) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine are key to eliminating HBV by 2030. Unfortunately, Hep-BD and Hep-B3 coverage in our country is poor. AIM To studied the parent's knowledge and awareness about HBV infection, its prevention, consequences and vaccination. METHODS Parents of 6 months to 8 years old children were interviewed to assess their knowledge & awareness about hepatitis B, its transmission, prevention, illness caused by this, and vaccination. Eighteen close-ended questions were administered, and responses were recorded as 'yes', 'no', or 'not sure'. HBV knowledge score was calculated based on the sum of correct answers. Each correct response scored one point and incorrect, missing or 'not sure' responses received no points. Categorical data are presented as number (%) and numerical data are expressed as median. Data were compared using Chi2 tests and level of significance was kept as P < 0.05. RESULTS Parents (58.3% mothers) of 384 children (89.9% age < 5 years; 82% age-appropriately vaccinated) were included. Three hundred and twenty-two (83.9%) children were Hep-B3 vaccinated. 94.3%, 87.5%, and 29.2% parents knew about polio, tetanus, and hepatitis B vaccine. Overall, 41.2%, 15.8%, and 23% parents knew about hepatitis B transmission, consequences of infection, and prevention respectively. Only 7.6% parents knew about three-dose schedule of hepatitis B vaccination. Only 23% parents believed that vaccine could prevent HBV, 15.7% knew that HBV affects liver. Parents of Hep-B3 vaccinated children were significantly more aware about HBV than the parents of unvaccinated children (P < 0.05 for 17/18 questions). CONCLUSION The knowledge and awareness among the parents about hepatitis B is poor. The Increasing knowledge/awareness about HBV among parents may improve Hep-B3 vaccination coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Chhavi
- Department of Paediatrics, Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geetika Srivastava
- Department of Paediatrics, Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mariya Waseem
- Department of Paediatrics, Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Yadav
- Medical Consultant, National Disease Control Program, National Health Mission, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajani Singh
- Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhattacharya H, Parai D, Sahoo SK, Swain A, Pattnaik M, Mohapatra I, Choudhary H, Dash GC, Akhtar N, Kshatri JS, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Hepatitis B virus infection among the tribal and particularly vulnerable tribal population from an eastern state of India: Findings from the serosurvey in seven tribal dominated districts, 2021-2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1039696. [PMID: 36950163 PMCID: PMC10025534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1039696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis (2016-2021) endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2016, called for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Odisha, an eastern state of India, has the third-highest percentage of tribal population in the country and limited information is available regarding the prevalence of HBsAg among them. The present study was undertaken to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen as well as HBV DNA almost after 12 years of the first prevalence study of HBsAg among the tribal community of Odisha. The present study attempted to estimate the prevalence of HBsAg among the 35 Scheduled tribal (ST) communities and 5 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) using the 2,737 number of sera collected as part of a statewide COVID-19 serosurvey, among the tribal populations of Odisha (residing in 7 districts) aged 6-75 years. HBsAg positivity ranged between 1.79 and 2.94% across various age groups. 42.9% of HBsAg positive individuals showed the presence of HBV DNA and the high viral load was 0.10 × 102-6.84 × 108 IU/mL, indicating a high potential to transmit the virus. The HBsAg positivity was 14.18 and 6.06% among the PVTGs, Kutia Khond and Paudi Bhuyan, who were first time surveyed for HBsAg prevalence. The present study documents the prevalence of HBsAg among the major tribal population residing in the eastern state of the country and highlights the need for a statewide survey of Hepatitis B infection and risk factors, coverage and impact of the Hepatitis B vaccination program introduced in 2010-2011 in Odisha among the ST and PVTG population of the state.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shigemi D, Tabuchi T, Okawa S, Yasunaga H. Association between health literacy and COVID-19 prevention behaviors among pregnant and postpartum women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:9971-9977. [PMID: 35647862 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between health literacy and COVID-19 prevention behaviors among pregnant and postpartum women in Japan. METHODS In this cross-sectional, web-based, self-reported questionnaire survey, we investigated the association between health literacy and COVID-19 prevention behaviors among pregnant and postpartum women in Japan. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association with adjustment for socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS There were 926 respondents, comprising 368 pregnant and 558 postpartum women. Women with high health literacy scores accounted for 42% of the respondents. This group had a significantly higher proportion of actively adopting preventive behaviors than the low health literacy group (33.5 vs. 25.4%, p = .008). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed high health literacy was significantly associated with high preventive behaviors scores compared to low health literacy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.27). CONCLUSION Higher health literacy was significantly associated with a higher proportion of COVID-19 prevention behaviors among women who are pregnant or postpartum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shigemi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Okawa
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Knowledge, Awareness, and Prevention of Norovirus Infection among Kindergarten Parents in Chengdu, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031570. [PMID: 35162592 PMCID: PMC8835510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among children in China. However, little is known about parents' knowledge of HuNoV infection and their understanding of how to prevent and control the disease. Therefore, we performed an exploratory survey to assess the level of knowledge of HuNoV infection among kindergarten parents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by investigating kindergarteners' parents through an online self-administered questionnaire between October 2020 and November 2020 in Chengdu, China. A total of 771 questionnaires were received with valid responses, and 81.97% of respondents had heard about NoV before. Among parents who had heard about HuNoV before, they had a poor awareness of incubation period, duration, and high-incidence seasons of HuNoV infection. The respondents also had a low-level awareness of how to clean the places contaminated by vomitus or stool. The multiple-regression analysis confirmed that factors associated with good knowledge regarding HuNoV infection were level of education, occupation, history of infection, and HuNoV learning experience. The most expected approach to learn about HuNoV among parents was the internet, followed by knowledge training in kindergartens, community information, and television. This is the first study to assess kindergarten parents' knowledge and awareness of HuNoV infection. The survey results provide insights that would help in developing effective strategies and educational materials to prevent and control the disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Raines-Milenkov A, Felini M, Baker E, Acharya R, Longanga Diese E, Akpan I, Hussain A, Wagner T. Hepatitis B Virus Awareness, Infection, and Screening Multiethnic Community Intervention for Foreign-Born Populations. J Community Health 2021; 46:967-974. [PMID: 33772683 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-00982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a potentially deadly viral infection that can lead to liver cancer. Many refugee immigrants resettled in the US come from countries known to have a high prevalence of HBV infections. Unfortunately, most infected refugee immigrants are unaware of their HBV status. The disease is highly preventable through a vaccine, but chronic HBV is incurable once the disease has developed. For the purposes of this cross-sectional study, we conducted analysis of data collected through the Building Bridges Initiative (BBI) to assess HBV awareness, vaccination status, screening, and infection among multiethnic, primarily refugee, immigrant populations living in North Texas. Overall, 74% of study participants reported having heard about HBV, but only 31% knew their HBV status. Whereas 69% of study participants lacked awareness about their HBV status and self-reported prevalence of chronic HBV among study participants was 4%. For the vaccine, only 26% reported to have received at least one dose; 53% did not know, while 21% had not ever received it. For those unaware of their HBV status, the BBI offered participants free HBV screening and assistance for vaccination as needed. 76% of participants that accepted HBV screening from BBI were never screened before (enrollment in BBI). Chronic HBV positivity rate for participants was 6%, which is twenty times higher than the national prevalence of chronic HBV (0.3%). High prevalence of HBV, low awareness and low vaccination rates seen in this study highlights the need for increased HBV prevention among foreign born populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Raines-Milenkov
- Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Martha Felini
- Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Eva Baker
- Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA. .,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
| | - Rushil Acharya
- Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Elvis Longanga Diese
- Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Idara Akpan
- Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Arbaz Hussain
- Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Teresa Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feldman AG, Atkinson K, Wilson K, Kumar D. Underimmunization of the solid organ transplant population: An urgent problem with potential digital health solutions. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:34-39. [PMID: 31553135 PMCID: PMC6940518 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients are at risk for potentially life-threatening infections due to lifelong immunosuppression. Vaccine-preventable infections result in graft injury, morbidity, mortality, and significantly increased medical costs. Unfortunately, the majority of transplant recipients continue to be underimmunized at the time of transplant and thereafter. Given the rising rates of vaccine hesitancy and refusal in the general population, transplant recipients can no longer rely on herd immunity to protect them from vaccine-preventable infections. Novel tools are desperately needed to overcome transplant-specific immunization barriers to improve immunization rates in this high-risk population. Digital health technologies may offer a solution by addressing transplant-specific barriers: specifically, providing accurate information about vaccine safety, efficacy, and timing in the pre- and posttransplant periods; making a complete immunization record universally available and easily accessible; enabling communication between patients and multiple providers; and providing automated vaccine reminders to both patients and providers when vaccines are due using transplant-specific immunization guidelines. Digital health has transformed health care by empowering patients with their own health information and connecting patients, their providers, and public health officials. In doing so, it offers a potential platform to address and overcome the problem of underimmunization in the transplant population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy G. Feldman
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the Digestive Health Institute, Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), Children’s Hospital Colorado and the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Katherine Atkinson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 17177
| | - Kumanan Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto ON
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou K, Terrault NA. Gaps in Viral Hepatitis Awareness in the United States in a Population-based Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:188-195.e4. [PMID: 31173892 PMCID: PMC8028744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The benefits of highly effective therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or HCV infection can only be realized if infected individuals are identified and linked to care. We sought to identify gaps in awareness of diagnosis of HBV or HCV infection in a population-based sample of adults living in the United States (US). METHODS Using National Health and Nutrition Examinations Surveys data, we examined factors associated with HBV and HCV awareness. Participants surveyed from 2013 through 2016, age ≥20 years, with complete serologic analyses were included. HBV and HCV infections were defined by detection of serum HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively. The primary outcome was awareness of infection-if participants replied "yes" to the question: "Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you have hepatitis B or C?" RESULTS Of 14,745 participants, 68 had HBV and 211 had HCV infection, corresponding to prevalence values of 0.7% and 1.8%, respectively. Among HBV-infected persons, 32% reported awareness, and 28% of aware persons reported treatment. Among HCV-infected persons, 49% reported awareness, 45% of aware persons were treated, and 59% of treated patients achieved a sustained virologic response. Factors associated with greater awareness in multivariable models included US citizenship, higher education, and abnormal level of alanine aminotransferase for HBV-infected participants and non-Hispanic race, income above the poverty line, not married, and history of injection drug use for HCV-infected participants. CONCLUSIONS Fewer than half of US adults with HBV or HCV infection are aware of their infection. Opportunities to increase awareness include provider education on cut-off values for abnormal level of alanine aminotransferase that should prompt screening, and expansion of existing screening interventions to under-recognized at-risk groups.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alanine Transaminase/blood
- Awareness
- Female
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Hepatitis B/blood
- Hepatitis B/diagnosis
- Hepatitis B/drug therapy
- Hepatitis B/epidemiology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/blood
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/epidemiology
- Hepatitis C/diagnosis
- Hepatitis C/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C/epidemiology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/blood
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology
- Humans
- Male
- Mass Screening
- Middle Aged
- Nutrition Surveys
- Prevalence
- Reference Values
- Risk Factors
- Serologic Tests
- United States/epidemiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kali Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Norah A Terrault
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Antiviral Activities of Silymarin and Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081552. [PMID: 31010179 PMCID: PMC6514695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin flavonolignans are well-known agents that typically possess antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective functions. Recent studies have also documented the antiviral activities of silymarin and its derivatives against several viruses, including the flaviviruses (hepatitis C virus and dengue virus), togaviruses (Chikungunya virus and Mayaro virus), influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis B virus. This review will describe some of the latest preclinical and clinical studies detailing the antiviral profiles of silymarin and its derivatives, and discuss their relevance for antiviral drug development.
Collapse
|
11
|
Han B, Yuan Q, Shi Y, Wei L, Hou J, Shang J, Han Y, Jin C, Chan PL, Zhuang H, Li J, Cui F. The experience of discrimination of individuals living with chronic hepatitis B in four provinces of China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195455. [PMID: 29649232 PMCID: PMC5896961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients' knowledge about hepatitis B and their experience of discrimination with regard to study, work, and daily life. METHODS We administered a questionnaire to 797 CHB patients in four provinces of China and used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a generalized linear model (GLM) to identify factors associated with discrimination. RESULTS CHB patients had low levels of knowledge about hepatitis B. Patients under 40 years of age with a junior college education or above knew more about hepatitis B than CHB patients over 40 years of age who had only a high school education. Three-fourths of patients had experienced discrimination because of their hepatitis B infection, with no differences in the proportion experiencing discrimination by sex or age. People with more education reported less discrimination. Patients in Beijing and Henan province perceived less discrimination than those in Shaanxi and Guangdong provinces. Discrimination was significantly associated with negative emotions. CHB patients had little awareness of China's anti-discrimination laws and policies. Among patients who had experienced discrimination, fewer than 10% knew organizations or institutions that could offer help. Over 60% of CHB patients who experienced discrimination chose not to respond. CONCLUSION CHB patients in China commonly experienced discrimination, which was associated with significant, negative emotional stress. To mitigate the damaging effects of discrimination, our study suggests raising general population knowledge about hepatitis B, raising awareness of the availability of legal protection and organizations that can fight discrimination, and providing psychological support for CHB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Han
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianli Yuan
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Shi
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Hepatology Unit, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Hepatology Unit, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Han
- Hepatology Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Cunduo Jin
- Central sterile supply Department, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Po-Lin Chan
- World Health Organization China, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FC); (JL)
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FC); (JL)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Umetsu T, Inoue J, Kogure T, Kakazu E, Ninomiya M, Iwata T, Takai S, Nakamura T, Sano A, Shimosegawa T. Inhibitory effect of silibinin on hepatitis B virus entry. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:20-25. [PMID: 29872730 PMCID: PMC5986624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem because of its potential to cause liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Silibinin is a constituent of an extract of milk thistle, which is empirically used as a herbal medicine for the protection of liver, but its detailed effects on HBV are unknown. Because a previous study reported that silibinin hinders clathlin-mediated endocytosis (CME), we aimed to test whether silibinin inhibits the entry of HBV into hepatocytes. Using HepG2-NTCP-C4 cells, which overexpress sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), it was shown that silibinin inhibited HBV infection dose-dependently. Similar effects were observed using human primary hepatocytes (PXB-cells). Additionally, a combination of silibinin and entecavir reduced HBV DNA in the culture supernatant more than either mono-treatment alone in HepG2-NTCP-C4 cells that had already been infected with HBV. Silibinin decreased transferrin uptake but did not affect the interaction between the HBV envelope and NTCP, suggesting that silibinin might inhibit HBV infection by hindering CME. In conclusion, this study showed that silibinin inhibits HBV entry in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Umetsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Takayuki Kogure
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Kakazu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masashi Ninomiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Sano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| |
Collapse
|