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Orozco RMQ, Oshiro KGN, Pinto IB, Buccini DF, Almeida CV, Marin VN, de Souza CM, Macedo MLR, Cardoso MH, Franco OL. Employment of mastoparan-like peptides to prevent Staphylococcus aureus associated with bovine mastitis. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0007124. [PMID: 38629875 PMCID: PMC11112992 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00071-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a frequent infection in lactating cattle, causing great economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus represents the main etiological agent, which causes recurrent and persistent intramammary infections because conventional antibiotics are ineffective against it. Mastoparan-like peptides are multifunctional molecules with broad antimicrobial potential, constituting an attractive alternative. Nevertheless, their toxicity to host cells has hindered their therapeutic application. Previously, our group engineered three mastoparan-L analogs, namely mastoparan-MO, mastoparan-R1, and [I5, R8] MP, to improve cell selectivity and potential. Here, we were interested in comparing the antibacterial efficacy of mastoparan-L and its analogs against bovine mastitis isolates of S. aureus strains, making a correlation with the physicochemical properties and structural arrangement changes promoted by the sequence modifications. As a result, the analog's hemolytic and/or antimicrobial activity was balanced. All the peptides displayed α-helical folding in hydrophobic and membrane-mimetic environments, as determined by circular dichroism. The peptide [I5, R8] MP stood out for its enhanced selectivity and antibacterial features related to mastoparan-L and the other derivatives. Biophysical approaches revealed that [I5, R8] MP rapidly depolarizes the bacterial membrane of S. aureus, causing cell death by subsequent membrane disruption. Our results demonstrated that the [I5, R8] MP peptide could be a starting point for the development of peptide-based drugs for the treatment of bovine mastitis, with the advantage of no residue in milk, which would help reduce the use of classical antibiotics.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of mastitis, the world's most important dairy cattle disease. The multidrug resistance and zoonotic potential of S. aureus, besides the likelihood of antibiotic residues in milk, are of critical concern to public and animal health. Antimicrobial peptides offer a novel antimicrobial strategy. Here, we demonstrate that [I5, R8] MP is a potent and selective peptide, which acts on S. aureus by targeting the bacterial membrane. Therefore, understanding the physicochemical determinants and the modes of action of this class of antimicrobials opens novel prospects for peptide development with enhanced activities in the bovine mastitis context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M. Q. Orozco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Karen G. N. Oshiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ingrid B. Pinto
- Laboratório de Síntese e Transformações de Moléculas Orgânicas, Instituo de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Danieli F. Buccini
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Claudiane V. Almeida
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Valentina Nieto Marin
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Camila Maurmann de Souza
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria L. R. Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marlon H. Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octávio L. Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Dobrut A, Siemińska I, Sroka-Oleksiak A, Drożdż K, Sobońska J, Mroczkowska U, Brzychczy-Włoch M. Molecular and phenotypic identification of bacterial species isolated from cows with mastitis from three regions of Poland. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:193. [PMID: 38734661 PMCID: PMC11088075 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is a widespread disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide and it generates substantial losses for dairy farmers. Mastitis may be caused by bacteria, fungi or algae. The most common species isolated from infected milk are, among others, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci. The aim of this paper is to determine the frequency of occurrence of bacterial species in milk samples from cows with mastitis from three regions of Poland: the north-east, the south-west and the south. To this end 203 milk samples taken from cows with a clinical form (CM) of mastitis (n = 100) and healthy animals (n = 103) were examined, which included culture on an appropriate medium followed by molecular detection of E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis, as one of the most common species isolated from mastitis milk. RESULTS The results obtained indicated that S. uberis was the most commonly cultivated CM species (38%, n = 38), followed by S. aureus (22%, n = 22), E. coli (21%, n = 21) and S. agalactiae (18%, n = 18). Similar frequencies in molecular methods were obtained for S. uberis (35.1%) and S. aureus (28.0%). The variation of sensitivity of both methods may be responsible for the differences in the E. coli (41.0%, p = 0.002) and S. agalactiae (5.0%, p = 0.004) detection rates. Significant differences in composition of species between three regions of Poland were noted for E. coli incidence (p < 0.001), in both the culture and molecular methods, but data obtained by the PCR method indicated that this species was the least common in north-eastern Poland, while the culture method showed that in north-eastern Poland E. coli was the most common species. Significant differences for the molecular method were also observed for S. uberis (p < 0.001) and S. aureus (p < 0.001). Both species were most common in southern and south-western Poland. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained confirm the need to introduce rapid molecular tests for veterinary diagnostics, as well as providing important epidemiological data, to the best of our knowledge data on Polish cows in selected areas of Poland is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dobrut
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Siemińska
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sroka-Oleksiak
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Drożdż
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobońska
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Zalewska M, Błażejewska A, Szadziul M, Ciuchciński K, Popowska M. Effect of composting and storage on the microbiome and resistome of cattle manure from a commercial dairy farm in Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30819-30835. [PMID: 38616224 PMCID: PMC11096248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Manure from food-producing animals, rich in antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), poses significant environmental and healthcare risks. Despite global efforts, most manure is not adequately processed before use on fields, escalating the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This study examined how different cattle manure treatments, including composting and storage, affect its microbiome and resistome. The changes occurring in the microbiome and resistome of the treated manure samples were compared with those of raw samples by high-throughput qPCR for ARGs tracking and sequencing of the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene to indicate bacterial community composition. We identified 203 ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in raw manure. Post-treatment reduced these to 76 in composted and 51 in stored samples. Notably, beta-lactam, cross-resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLSB), and vancomycin resistance genes decreased, while genes linked to MGEs, integrons, and sulfonamide resistance increased after composting. Overall, total resistance gene abundance significantly dropped with both treatments. During composting, the relative abundance of genes was lower midway than at the end. Moreover, higher biodiversity was observed in samples after composting than storage. Our current research shows that both composting and storage effectively reduce ARGs in cattle manure. However, it is challenging to determine which method is superior, as different groups of resistance genes react differently to each treatment, even though a notable overall reduction in ARGs is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zalewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Błażejewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szadziul
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Ciuchciński
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Popowska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Sweeney MT, Gunnett L, Kumar DM, Lunt BL, Moulin V, Barrett M, Gurjar A, Doré E, Pedraza JR, Bade D, Machin C. Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens isolated from North American dairy cattle, 2011-2022. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110015. [PMID: 38340554 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A total of 10,890 bacterial isolates of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated as etiological agents from dairy cows with mastitis by 29 veterinary laboratories across North America between 2011 and 2022 were tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution to ampicillin, cefoperazone, ceftiofur, cephalothin, erythromycin, oxacillin, penicillin-novobiocin and pirlimycin according to CLSI standards. Using available clinical breakpoints, antimicrobial resistance among S. dysgalactiae (n = 2406) was low for penicillin-novobiocin (0% resistance), ceftiofur (0.1%), erythromycin (3.2%) and pirlimycin (4.6%). Among S. uberis (n = 2398), resistance was low for ampicillin (0%) and ceftiofur (0.2%) and moderate for erythromycin (11.9%) and pirlimycin (18.4%). For S. aureus (n = 3194), resistance was low for penicillin-novobiocin (0%), ceftiofur (0.1%), oxacillin (0.2%), erythromycin (0.7%), cefoperazone (1.2%) and pirlimycin (2.8%). For E. coli (n = 2892), resistance was low for ceftiofur (2.8%) and cefoperazone (3.4%) and moderate for ampicillin (9.2%). Overall, the results indicate that mastitis pathogens in the United States and Canada have not shown any substantial changes in the in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs over the 12 years of the study, or among that of the proceeding survey from 2002-2010. The data support the conclusion that resistance to common antimicrobial drugs among mastitis pathogens, even to drugs that have been used in dairies for mastitis management for many years, continues to remain low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Don Bade
- Microbial Research, Inc., Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Jensen VF, Damborg P, Norström M, Nonnemann B, Slettemeås JS, Smistad M, Sølverød L, Turnidge J, Urdahl AM, Veldman K, van Essen-Zandbergen A, Astrup LB. Estimation of epidemiological cut-off values for eight antibiotics used for treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:109994. [PMID: 38281323 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.109994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing are lacking for most antimicrobials used for bovine streptococcal mastitis. The objectives of this study were to determine (tentative) epidemiological cut-off ((T)ECOFF) values for clinically relevant antibiotics used for treatment of bovine mastitis, and to estimate the proportion of acquired resistance (non-wild-types) in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. A total of 255 S. uberis and 231 S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae isolates were obtained in Denmark and Norway from bovine mastitis. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to 10 antibiotics using broth microdilution. In accordance with the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standard operating procedure, additional published MIC distributions were included for the estimation of ECOFFs for cloxacillin, cephapirin, lincomycin and tylosin, and TECOFFs for amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, cephapirin and oxytetracycline. The proportion of non-wild-type (NWT) isolates for the beta-lactams was significantly higher in the Danish S. uberis (45-55%) compared to the Norwegian isolates (10-13%). For oxytetracycline, the proportion of NWT was significantly higher in the Danish isolates, both for S. uberis (28% vs. 3%) and S. dysgalactiae (22% vs. 0%). A bridging study testing in parallel MICs in a subset of isolates (n = 83) with the CLSI-specified and the EUCAST-specified broths showed excellent correlation between the MICs obtained with the two methods. The new ECOFFs and TECOFFs proposed in this study can be used for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, and - for antimicrobials licensed for streptococcal bovine mastitis - as surrogate clinical breakpoints for predicting their clinical efficacy for this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Agro Food Park 15, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Centre for Diagnostics, Technological University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 101, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Madelaine Norström
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Research Food Safety and Animal Health, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Bettina Nonnemann
- Centre for Diagnostics, Technological University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 101, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Research Food Safety and Animal Health, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Marit Smistad
- Tine Mastitis Laboratory, Boks 2039, 6402 Molde, Norway
| | - Liv Sølverød
- Tine Mastitis Laboratory, Boks 2039, 6402 Molde, Norway
| | - John Turnidge
- School of Biological Sciences in the Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 6062, Australia
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Research Food Safety and Animal Health, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Kees Veldman
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research part of Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Alieda van Essen-Zandbergen
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research part of Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Lærke Boye Astrup
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Agro Food Park 15, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Centre for Diagnostics, Technological University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 101, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang H, Hao Z, Zhou G, Wen H, Su Q, Tong C, Yang X, Wang X. Forsythiaside A attenuates mastitis via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155358. [PMID: 38241916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is the most common animal production disease in the global dairy industry, which affects the health of dairy cows. When bovine mastitis occurs, the mitochondrial metabolism of breast tissue increases, and the relationship between inflammation and mitophagy has become a hot topic for many scholars. The abuse of antibiotics leads to the increase of resistance to bovine mastitis. FTA is one of the main effective components of Forsythia suspensa, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, anti-oxidation and anti-virus pharmacological effects, and has broad application prospects in the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis. However, the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effects of FTA and mitophagy is still unclear. PURPOSE This study mainly explores the anti-inflammatory effect of FTA in bovine mastitis and the relationship between mitophagy. METHODS MAC-T cells and wild-type mice were used to simulate the in vitro and in vivo response of mastitis. After the pretreatment with FTA, CsA inhibitors and siPINK1 were used to interfere with mitophagy, and the mitochondrial function impairment and the expression of inflammatory factors were detected. RESULTS It was found that pre-treatment with FTA significantly reduced LPS induced inflammatory response and mitochondrial damage, while promoting the expression of mitophagy related factors. However, after inhibiting mitophagy, the anti-inflammatory effect of FTA was inhibited. CONCLUSION This study is the first to suggest the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effect of FTA and mitophagy. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is one of the ways that FTA protects MAC-T cells from LPS-induced inflammatory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Yingkui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Huaqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Guangwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Haojie Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Qing Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China.
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Saeed SI, Kamaruzzaman NF, Gahamanyi N, Nguyen TTH, Hossain D, Kahwa I. Confronting the complexities of antimicrobial management for Staphyloccous aureus causing bovine mastitis: an innovative paradigm. Ir Vet J 2024; 77:4. [PMID: 38418988 PMCID: PMC10900600 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-024-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, Mastitis is a disease commonly affecting dairy cattle which leads to the use of antimicrobials. The majority of mastitis etiological agents are bacterial pathogens and Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant causative agent. Antimicrobial treatment is administered mainly via intramammary and intramuscular routes. Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often associated with antimicrobial misuse, the treatment of mastitis is becoming challenging with less alternative treatment options. Besides, biofilms formation and ability of mastitis-causing bacteria to enter and adhere within the cells of the mammary epithelium complicate the treatment of bovine mastitis. In this review article, we address the challenges in treating mastitis through conventional antibiotic treatment because of the rising AMR, biofilms formation, and the intracellular survival of bacteria. This review article describes different alternative treatments including phytochemical compounds, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), phage therapy, and Graphene Nanomaterial-Based Therapy that can potentially be further developed to complement existing antimicrobial therapy and overcome the growing threat of AMR in etiologies of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia.
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, PO Box 155, Nyala, Sudan.
| | - Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia
| | - Noel Gahamanyi
- Biology Department, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
- Microbiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical, P.O. Box 7162, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Delower Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, 26900, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e -Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh (UHB), Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Peña-Mosca F, Dean C, Machado V, Fernandes L, Pinedo P, Doster E, Heins B, Sharpe K, Ray T, Feijoo V, Antunes A, Baumann C, Wehri T, Noyes N, Caixeta L. Investigation of intramammary infections in primiparous cows during early lactation on organic dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9377-9392. [PMID: 37641314 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that organically raised dairy cows have an increased prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus compared with conventionally raised dairy cows. However, little information exists about the dynamics of intramammary infection (IMI) in primiparous cows during early lactation on organic dairy farms. The objective of this study was to describe the IMI dynamics of primiparous cows on certified organic farms during early lactation. This longitudinal study enrolled 503 primiparous cows from 5 organic dairy farms from February 2019 to January 2020. Quarter-level milk samples were collected aseptically on a weekly basis during the first 5 wk of lactation. Samples were pooled by cow and time point into composite samples inside a sterilized laminar hood and submitted for microbiological culture. For each of the different microorganisms identified, we estimated the prevalence in each postpartum sample, period prevalence (PP), cumulative incidence, and persistence of IMI. Logistic regression models were used to investigate whether the prevalence of IMI differed by farm or sampling time points and whether IMI persistence differed between detected microorganisms. Our findings revealed a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (PP = 18.9%), non-aureus staphylococci and closely related mammaliicoccal species (PP = 52.1%), and Streptococcus spp. and Streptococcus-like organisms (PP = 32.1%) within the study population. The prevalence of these microorganisms varied significantly between farms. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus chromogenes exhibited significantly higher IMI persistence compared with other detected bacterial taxa, confirming the divergent epidemiological behavior in terms of IMI chronicity across different microorganisms. This study improves our understanding of the epidemiology of mastitis-causing pathogens in organically raised primiparous cows, which can be used to tailor mastitis control plans for this unique yet growing subpopulation of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Peña-Mosca
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Chris Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Vinicius Machado
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Leticia Fernandes
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Enrique Doster
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Bradley Heins
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Kirsten Sharpe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Tui Ray
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Victoria Feijoo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Acir Antunes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Carol Baumann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Thomas Wehri
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Noelle Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Luciano Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108.
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9
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Li K, Yang M, Jia L, Tian M, Du J, Wu Y, Yuan L, Li L, Ma Y. The Prevention Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 17-5 on Escherichia coli-Induced Mastitis in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1644-1652. [PMID: 36790662 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most economically important disease affecting the dairy industry worldwide. Lactobacillus plantarum, an important probiotic with a wide range of applications, has potential anti-inflammatory properties and has become a currently strong candidate for mastitis therapies. In the current study, we evaluated the prevention effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 17-5 on Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in mice. The results showed that pretreatment with L. plantarum 17-5 maintained the integrity of tight junctions; improved inflammatory injury; decreased MPO activity and the mRNA expression levels of IL1β, IL6, and TNFα; and inhibited the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in mice mammary tissue. The results indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum 17-5 had excellent anti-inflammatory activities and could be developed into microecological preparation for clinical use to prevent mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Mengyue Tian
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, Hebei, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yinghao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lining Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lianmin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.
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10
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Fan Y, Shen J, Liu X, Cui J, Liu J, Peng D, Jin Y. β-Sitosterol Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Lipogenesis Disorder in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14644. [PMID: 37834091 PMCID: PMC10572156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
β-sitosterol, a natural plant steroid, has been shown to promote anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in the body. In this study, β-sitosterol was used to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell damage in bovine mammary epithelial cells, which are commonly studied as a cell model of mammary inflammatory response and lipogenesis. Results showed that treatment with a combination of LPS and β-sitosterol significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, while increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and activating the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1α)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis and improve lipid synthesis-related gene expression. Our finding suggests that β-sitosterol has the potential to alleviate inflammation in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dongqiao Peng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in Northeastern Frigid Area, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in Northeastern Frigid Area, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
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11
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Neumann S, Siegert S, Fischer A. Procalcitonin as an Endogenous Biomarker for Mastitis in Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2204. [PMID: 37444002 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cows. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been described as an endogenous inflammatory biomarker for bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to find possible correlations between PCT concentrations in the serum and milk of cows with mastitis and their clinical signs and disease progression. In total, 88 dairy cows were examined, of which 30 animals were diagnosed with clinical mastitis, 30 had subclinical mastitis, and 28 were designated as a healthy control group. The diseased animals were re-examined after 12 days. All PCT levels in this study were determined by a species-specific ELISA. All three groups could be differentiated from each other based on serum and milk PCT levels. The animals with clinical mastitis showed the highest mean concentrations of PCT (serum: 2641 pg/mL; milk: 1326 pg/mL), and the lowest PCT concentrations were found in the healthy control group (serum: 1166 pg/mL; milk: 176 pg/m). Over the course of the disease, results from the kinetics study showed that PCT levels remained high for the entire observation period. The results from this study showed that the PCT concentration could be used to differentiate between clinical mastitis, subclinical mastitis, and healthy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Neumann
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Siegert
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anneke Fischer
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
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12
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Smistad M, Bakka HC, Sølverød L, Jørgensen HJ, Wolff C. Prevalence of udder pathogens in milk samples from Norwegian dairy cows recorded in a national database in 2019 and 2020. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:19. [PMID: 37264425 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of aetiological agents of mastitis in dairy cattle is important for herd management of udder health. In Norway, results from mastitis diagnostics are systematically recorded in a central database, so that the dairy industry can follow trends in the recorded frequency of udder pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns at national level. However, bacteriological testing of milk samples is based on voluntary sampling, and data are therefore subject to some bias. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of udder pathogens in Norwegian dairy cows by analysing data from the national routine mastitis diagnostics and to explore how routines for sampling and diagnostic interpretations may affect the apparent prevalence of different bacterial pathogens. We also assessed associations between udder pathogen findings and the barn- and milking systems of the herds. RESULTS The most frequently detected major udder pathogens among all milk samples submitted for bacterial culture (n = 36,431) were Staphylococcus aureus (24.5%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (13.3%) and Streptococcus uberis (9.0%). In the subset of samples from clinical mastitis (n = 7598); Escherichia coli (14.5%) was the second most frequently detected pathogen following S. aureus (27.1%). Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.0%), Corynebacterium bovis (9.4%), and Staphylococcus chromogenes (6.0%) dominated among the minor udder pathogens. Non-aureus staphylococci as a group, identified in 39% of the sampling events, was the most frequently identified udder pathogen in Norway. By using different definitions of cow-level bacterial diagnoses, the distribution of minor udder pathogens changed. Several udder pathogens were associated with the barn- and milking system but the associations were reduced in strength when data were analysed from farms with a comparable herd size. S. aureus was associated with tiestall housing, E. coli and S. dysgalactiae were associated with freestall housing, and S. epidermidis was associated with automatic milking systems. Only 2.5% of the 10,675 tested S. aureus isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin. Among the 2153 tested non-aureus staphylococci, altogether 34% were resistant to benzylpenicillin. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the recorded prevalence of udder pathogens in Norway over a two-year period and assesses the possible impact of the sampling strategies, diagnostic methods and diagnostic criteria utilized in Norway, as well as associations with different housing and milking systems. The national database with records of results from routine mastitis diagnostics in Norway provides valuable information about the aetiology of bovine mastitis at population level and can reveal shifts in the distribution and occurrence of udder pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Smistad
- TINE Mastitis Laboratory, P.O. Box 2038, 6402, Molde, Norway.
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway.
| | | | - Liv Sølverød
- TINE Mastitis Laboratory, P.O. Box 2038, 6402, Molde, Norway
| | | | - Cecilia Wolff
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
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13
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Zecconi A, Zaghen F, Meroni G, Sora V, Martino PA, Laterza G, Zanini L. Early Milk Total and Differential Cell Counts as a Diagnostic Tool to Improve Antimicrobial Therapy Protocols. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071143. [PMID: 37048399 PMCID: PMC10093194 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a major cause of antimicrobial treatments either during lactation or at drying off. From a One Health perspective, there should be a balance between the risk of IMI that may impair cow health and welfare and the reduction of antimicrobial usage to decrease antimicrobial resistance, as may happen when applying selective dry-cow therapy. This reduction may be achieved by an early and accurate diagnosis followed by prudent and rationale therapeutical protocols. This study aims to assess the accuracy of PLCC (neutrophils + lymphocyte count/mL) in identifying cows at risk of having IMI due to major pathogens (S.aureus, Str.agalactiae, Str.uberis, and Str.dysgalactiae), and to simulate the impact of this early diagnosis on the potential number of treatments using a decision-tree model. The results of this study showed that PLCC had an overall accuracy of 77.6%. The results of the decision-tree model based on data from the 12 participating herds, with an overall prevalence of major pathogens of 1.5%, showed a potential decrease in the number of treatments of about 30% (from 3.4% to 2.5%) when PLCC in early lactation (days 5-16) was used to identify cows at risk for major pathogens compared with using SCC at the first milk test (days 17-43). The study confirmed that it is possible to improve animal health and reduce the risk of antimicrobial use through early IMI detection based on PLCC and applying a rationale and prudent antimicrobial protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Zecconi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Zaghen
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Meroni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Sora
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Laterza
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Zanini
- Associazione Regionale Allevatori Lombardia, Via Kennedy 30, 26013 Crema, Italy
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14
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Darang E, Pezeshkian Z, Mirhoseini SZ, Ghovvati S. Identification of Key Genes and Potential Pathways Associated with Mastitis Induced by E. coli. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:202-220. [PMID: 35834114 PMCID: PMC9281188 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most important diseases of dairy cattle. It is an infectious disease leading to an inflammatory reaction in the cow's mammary gland. Escherichia coli is one of the common bacteria which induce mastitis in cows. The aim of this study was to identify key genes and potential pathways associated with mastitis induced by E. coli in dairy cattle using bioinformatics analysis. The gene expression profile of ten samples including five adjacent tissues from a quarter infected with Escherichia coli and five tissues from a healthy quarter of dairy cattle was assessed using GEO2R. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed using bioinformatics tools. A total of 156 differentially expressed genes were detected which 95 genes were upregulated and 61 genes were downregulated in adjacent tissue of quarter infected compared with healthy tissue. Cellular oxidant detoxification and oxidation-reduction process were the most significant biological process terms in gene ontology analysis. The most important pathways of DEGs were the biosynthesis of amino acids, p53 signaling pathway, and Metabolic pathways. Three important modules were identified and their path enrichment analysis was performed. There are 10 core genes, among which SOD2, COL1A2, COL3A1, POSTN, ALDH18A1, and CBS may be the main genes associated with mastitis, which can be considered as candidate genes in the prevention and carly diagnosis program of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Darang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-1314, Guilan, Iran
| | - Zahra Pezeshkian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-1314, Guilan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ziaeddin Mirhoseini
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-1314, Guilan, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Ghovvati
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-1314, Guilan, Iran.
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15
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Neumann S, Siegert S, Fischer A. β-defensin-4 as an endogenous biomarker in cows with mastitis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1154386. [PMID: 37035820 PMCID: PMC10079942 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1154386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Defensins are peptides with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. Their concentration could be altered during infections and thus provide information on the prognosis and course of the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the defensin concentration in cows with mastitis in order to find correlations between clinical expression and course of the disease and the defensin concentration in milk and blood. Methods A total of 85 dairy cows were examined. Of these, 30 animals suffered from acute clinical mastitis, 25 animals were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis and 30 animals were considered a healthy comparison group. Beta-Defensin-4 (DEFB-4) was determined by a species-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Bovine Defensin Beta 4 ELISA Kit, MyBioSource). Results The highest concentrations of DEFB-4 were detected in the animals with acute clinical mastitis. Values of 0 to 895 pg/mL (median: 115 pg/mL) were measured in milk and 40-1,016 pg/mL (median: 245 pg/mL) in serum. The concentrations of this group differed significantly from those of the animals with subclinical mastitis (p < 0.0001 serum; p = 0.015 milk). In this group, concentrations of 15-211 pg/mL (median: 46 pg/mL) were recorded in milk and 20-271 pg/mL (median: 85 pg/mL) in serum. Discussion Our results also show that in cases of acute mastitis after 12 days of treatment there is still an active inflammatory process in the tissue, because no significant reduction of somatic cells and defensin could be found after re-examination. Since the DEFB-4 concentrations of animals with clinical mastitis that had to be treated with antibiotics differed significantly from those of animals with subclinical mastitis that did not require antibiotic treatment, it can be assumed that bovine DEFB-4 is an important endogenous parameter for the defense against bacterial infections of the udder.
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16
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Kovačević Z, Samardžija M, Horvat O, Tomanić D, Radinović M, Bijelić K, Vukomanović AG, Kladar N. Is There a Relationship between Antimicrobial Use and Antibiotic Resistance of the Most Common Mastitis Pathogens in Dairy Cows? Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010003. [PMID: 36671204 PMCID: PMC9854474 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials have had an important impact on animal health and production performance. However, non-prudent antimicrobial use (AMU) in food producing animals is considered to contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with a potential impact on both animal and public health. Considering the global importance of AMR, and the threats and challenges posed by mastitis and mastitis therapy in livestock production, the main objective of this study was to quantify AMU on three dairy farms in Serbia and to examine whether there is an association between AMU and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance of mastitis-associated pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method using causative agents isolated from the milk samples of 247 dairy cows. AMU data were obtained for a one-year period (May 2021 to May 2022) based on antibiotic prescriptions listed in electronic databases kept by farm veterinarians. To estimate antimicrobial drug exposure at the farm level, the veterinary drug Defined Daily Dose was calculated by multiplying the total amount of antibiotic used on the farms during the study period by the quantity of antibiotic in the administered drug and number of original drug packages used. The results on the association between the use of common antibiotics in mastitis treatment and AMR of isolated mastitis-associated pathogens confirm a pattern that could raise awareness of the importance of this aspect of good veterinary and clinical practice to combat the global threat of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Kovačević
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko Samardžija
- Clinic for Reproduction and Obstetrics, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Horvat
- Department of Farmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Tomanić
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Radinović
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Katarina Bijelić
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Annamaria Galfi Vukomanović
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nebojša Kladar
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Barajas-Mendiola MA, Salgado-Lora MG, López-Meza JE, Ochoa-Zarzosa A. Prolactin regulates H3K9ac and H3K9me2 epigenetic marks and miRNAs expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:990478. [PMID: 36212825 PMCID: PMC9539446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential in the regulation of immune response during infections. Changes in the levels of reproductive hormones, such as prolactin, compromise the mammary gland’s innate immune response (IIR); however, its effect on epigenetic marks is poorly known. This work explored the epigenetic regulation induced by bovine prolactin (bPRL) on bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. In this work, bMECs were treated as follows: (1) control cells without any treatment, (2) bMECs treated with bPRL (5 ng/ml) at different times (12 or 24 h), (3) bMECs challenged with S. aureus for 2 h, and (4) bMECs treated with bPRL at different times (12 or 24 h), and then challenged with S. aureus 2 h. By western blot analyses of histones, we determined that the H3K9ac mark decreased (20%) in bMECs treated with bPRL (12 h) and challenged with S. aureus, while the H3K9me2 mark was increased (50%) in the same conditions. Also, this result coincided with an increase (2.3-fold) in HDAC activity analyzed using the cellular histone deacetylase fluorescent kit FLUOR DE LYS®. ChIP-qPCRs were performed to determine if the epigenetic marks detected in the histones correlate with enriched marks in the promoter regions of inflammatory genes associated with the S. aureus challenge. The H3K9ac mark was enriched in the promoter region of IL-1β, IL-10, and BNBD10 genes (1.5, 2.5, 7.5-fold, respectively) in bMECs treated with bPRL, but in bMECs challenged with S. aureus it was reduced. Besides, the H3K9me2 mark was enriched in the promoter region of IL-1β and IL-10 genes (3.5 and 2.5-fold, respectively) in bMECs challenged with S. aureus but was inhibited by bPRL. Additionally, the expression of several miRNAs was analyzed by qPCR. Let-7a-5p, miR-21a, miR-30b, miR-155, and miR-7863 miRNAs were up-regulated (2, 1.5, 10, 1.5, 3.9-fold, respectively) in bMECs challenged with S. aureus; however, bPRL induced a down-regulation in the expression of these miRNAs. In conclusion, bPRL induces epigenetic regulation on specific IIR elements, allowing S. aureus to persist and evade the host immune response.
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18
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Galecio JS, Escudero E, Corrales JC, García-Romero E, de la Fe C, Hernandis V, Marin P. Susceptibility of caprine mastitis pathogens to tildipirosin, gamithromycin, oxytetracycline, and danofloxacin: effect of serum on the in vitro potency of current macrolides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:221. [PMID: 36097302 PMCID: PMC9468077 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a significant disease in dairy ruminants, causing economic losses to the livestock industry and severe risks to public health. Antibiotic therapy is one of the most crucial practices to treat mastitis, although the susceptibility of caprine mastitis pathogens to current antibiotics has not been tested under standard or modified incubation conditions. This work evaluated the in vitro activity of tildipirosin, gamithromycin, oxytetracycline, and danofloxacin against caprine mastitis pathogens incubated following standard conditions of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and deviation method by 25% supplementation with goat serum. Mycoplasma agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from dairy goats with mastitis in Spain. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the broth microdilution technique. The lowest MIC90 under standard conditions was obtained with danofloxacin for mastitis-causing pathogens. An exception was M. agalactiae, where danofloxacin and oxytetracycline obtained low values. However, after adding serum, gamithromycin showed the lowest MIC50 for S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and CNS. The lowest MIC50 was obtained with all the antibiotics tested (< 0.125 µg/ml) against M. agalactiae. Supplementing with serum resulted in a significant variation in tildipirosin and gamithromycin MIC values for CNS, S. aureus, M. agalagtiae, and E. coli. In brief, the MIC for antibiotics used against mastitis should be determined under conditions closely resembling intramammary infections to obtain representative susceptibility patterns against mastitis pathogens. Caprine mastitis pathogens were broadly susceptible to danofloxacin under standard conditions. The potency of macrolides against caprine mastitis pathogens increases when serum is present in culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Galecio
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Campus Cumbayá, Quito, EC 170157, Ecuador.
| | - Elisa Escudero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Corrales
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Edgar García-Romero
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Christian de la Fe
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Verónica Hernandis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Marin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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19
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Goulart DB, Mellata M. Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Challenges. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928346. [PMID: 35875575 PMCID: PMC9301288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue parenchyma that causes pathological changes in the glandular tissue and abnormalities in milk leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry across the world. Mammary pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (MPEC) is one of the main etiologic agents of acute clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. MPEC strains have virulence attributes to resist the host innate defenses and thrive in the mammary gland environment. The association between specific virulence factors of MPEC with the severity of mastitis in cattle is not fully understood. Furthermore, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat mastitis has resulted in antimicrobial resistance to all major antibiotic classes in MPEC. A thorough understanding of MPEC’s pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is required to develop better interventions to reduce mastitis incidence and prevalence in cattle and the environment. This review compiles important information on mastitis caused by MPEC (e.g., types of mastitis, host immune response, diagnosis, treatment, and control of the disease) as well as the current knowledge on MPEC virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, and the dilemma of MPEC as a new pathotype. The information provided in this review is critical to identifying gaps in knowledge that will guide future studies to better design diagnostic, prevent, and develop therapeutic interventions for this significant dairy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Brito Goulart
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Débora Brito Goulart,
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Melha Mellata,
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20
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Wang Y, Nan X, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Zhang F, Hua D, Liu J, Yang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Changes in the Profile of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites as Well as Serum Metabolites and Proteome After Dietary Inulin Supplementation in Dairy Cows With Subclinical Mastitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:809139. [PMID: 35479637 PMCID: PMC9037088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.809139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of mastitis is linked to dysbiostic gastrointestinal microbiota. Inulin is a dietary prebiotic that improves the profile of intestinal flora. Our previous study showed that inulin supplementation could improve the ruminal microbes of subclinical mastitis (SCM) cows. The current study attempted to further investigate the response of hindgut (fecal) microbiome and metabolites, serum metabolism, and protein expression to inulin in the in SCM cows. Different levels of inulin (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/day per cow) were supplemented in SCM cows. Compared with control group, Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria were increased, and Paeniclostridium, Ruminococcaceae, Coprococcus, and Clostridia were decreased in the feces of inulin groups, and accompanied with elevated propionate and butyrate concentrations, while secondary bile acid (SBA) metabolites were increased and proinflammatory lipid oxidation products were dropped in both feces and serum. In serum, inulin intake suppressed the levels of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Serum proteome analysis found that CD44 antigen, phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D, apolipoprotein A-II, and superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] were upregulated, while cathelicidin-1, haptoglobin, serpin A3, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 were downregulated in inulin groups. These findings suggested further evidence for inulin supplementation in amelioration of inflammatory symptoms in SCM cows, which might provide alternative treatment for mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Gelalcha BD, Ensermu DB, Agga GE, Vancuren M, Gillespie BE, D'Souza DH, Okafor CC, Kerro Dego O. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistant and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dairy Cattle Farms in East Tennessee. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:408-416. [PMID: 35451874 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials have been widely used in dairy farms to prevent and control dairy cattle diseases since 1960s. This led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) that, along with their antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), can spread from dairy farms to humans. Therefore, regular antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring is important to implement proper mitigation measures. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of AMR and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli in dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four dairy cattle farms (A-D) in East Tennessee. A total of 80 samples consisting of 20 samples each of bulk tank milk, feces, dairy cattle manure-amended soil, and prairie soil adjacent to the farms were collected and cultured for the isolation of E. coli. Tetracycline (TETr)-, third-generation cephalosporin (TGCr)- and nalidixic acid (NALr)-resistant E. coli (n = 88) were isolated and identified on agar media supplemented with TET, cefotaxime, and NAL, respectively. TGCr E. coli were tested for ESBLs and other coselected ARGs. TETr (74%, n = 88) was the most common, followed by TGCr (20%) and NALr (8%). Farms had significant (p < 0.001) differences: the highest prevalence of TGCr (55%) and TETr (100%) were observed in farm D, while all NALr isolates were from farm C. Over 83% of TGCr isolates (n = 18) harbored ESBL gene blaCTX-M. Majority (78%) of the E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), being positive for beta-lactams (blaCTX-M), TETs tet(A), tet(B), tet(M)), sulfonamides (sul2), aminoglycosides (strA), and phenicols (floR). This study indicated the widespread occurrence of MDR ESBLs-E. coli in dairy cattle farms. AMR surveillance of more dairy farms and identification of farm-level risk factors are important to mitigate the occurrence and spread of ARB of significant public health importance, such as ESBLs-E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti D Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Desta B Ensermu
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Molly Vancuren
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barbara E Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Doris H D'Souza
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chika C Okafor
- Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Sharifi S, Lotfi Shahreza M, Pakdel A, Reecy JM, Ghadiri N, Atashi H, Motamedi M, Ebrahimie E. Systems Biology–Derived Genetic Signatures of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: A New Avenue for Drug Repurposing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010029. [PMID: 35011134 PMCID: PMC8749881 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Therapeutic success of bovine mastitis depends mainly on accurately diagnosing the type of pathogen involved. Despite the development prospects for bovine mastitis diagnosis, including new biomarker discovery to target specific pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity, treatment studies have shown controversial results, and the most efficient, safe, and economical treatments for mastitis are still topics of scientific debate. The goal of this research is the integration of different levels of systems biology data to predict candidate drugs for the control and management of E. coli mastitis. We propose that the novel drugs could be used by pharmaceutical scientists or veterinarians to find commercially efficacious medicines. Abstract Mastitis, a disease with high incidence worldwide, is the most prevalent and costly disease in the dairy industry. Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) are assumed to be among the leading agents causing acute severe infection with clinical signs. E. Coli, environmental mastitis pathogens, are the primary etiological agents of bovine mastitis in well-managed dairy farms. Response to E. Coli infection has a complex pattern affected by genetic and environmental parameters. On the other hand, the efficacy of antibiotics and/or anti-inflammatory treatment in E. coli mastitis is still a topic of scientific debate, and studies on the treatment of clinical cases show conflicting results. Unraveling the bio-signature of mastitis in dairy cattle can open new avenues for drug repurposing. In the current research, a novel, semi-supervised heterogeneous label propagation algorithm named Heter-LP, which applies both local and global network features for data integration, was used to potentially identify novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of E. coli mastitis. Online data repositories relevant to known diseases, drugs, and gene targets, along with other specialized biological information for E. coli mastitis, including critical genes with robust bio-signatures, drugs, and related disorders, were used as input data for analysis with the Heter-LP algorithm. Our research identified novel drugs such as Glibenclamide, Ipratropium, Salbutamol, and Carbidopa as possible therapeutics that could be used against E. coli mastitis. Predicted relationships can be used by pharmaceutical scientists or veterinarians to find commercially efficacious medicines or a combination of two or more active compounds to treat this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Sharifi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Maryam Lotfi Shahreza
- Department of Computer Engineering, Shahreza Campus, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 86149-56841, Iran;
| | - Abbas Pakdel
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - James M. Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Nasser Ghadiri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Hadi Atashi
- Department of Animal Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84334, Iran;
| | - Mahmood Motamedi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran;
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (E.E.)
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23
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Duque-Madrid PC, Velasco-Bolaños J, Ceballos-Márquez A, López C, Carmona JU. Intramammary treatment using allogeneic pure platelet-rich plasma in cows with subclinical mastitis caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23737. [PMID: 34887474 PMCID: PMC8660835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were (1) to compare the cure risk of intramammary treatment of pure platelet rich plasma (P-PRP) or cefquinome sulfate (CS) in cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by Gram-positive bacteria, evaluated via somatic cell count (SCC) and the microbiological analysis of milk; (2) to compare the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory response of mammary gland to both treatments through the analyses of interleukins (IL), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in milk. A non-inferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted. The null hypothesis was that cure risk in the experimental group (P-PRP) was inferior to the reference group (CS). A total of 103 cows were selected according to SCC and presence of Gram-positive bacteria, 49 cows were treated with CS and 54 cows were treated with P-PRP after determination of its cellular and molecular quality control. Cure was assessed by milk analyses at day 21 and 22 after treatment. Cows that remained with SCM were retreated at day 26, and cure assessed at day 47 and 48. Overall, bacteriological cure was observed in 16 cows (30%) of the P-PRP group, and 35 cows (71%) in CS group. Staphylococcus aureus cure risk was higher in CS group, but inconclusive for Streptococcus spp. The mean SCC increased in relation to time only in the P-PRP group. A direct relation between time and treatment for IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 was observed, while no differences were observed for IL-4. Furthermore, IL-1 and IL-2 increased in cows treated twice in both groups. IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α showed a significant interaction between time and treatment. IFN-γ concentration was lower in the P-PRP group compared to the CS on days 0 and 22. Leukocyte counts were lower in P-PRP when compared to whole blood. TGF-β1 and PF4 concentrations were higher in platelet lysates in comparison to P-PRGS and plasma. Moreover, PDGF-BB concentration was significantly higher in platelet lysates in comparison to plasma. Results obtained in this study demonstrate that SCM treated with PRP showed a lower rate of bacteriologic cure when compared to animals treated with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C Duque-Madrid
- Grupo de Investigación en Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinaria (CLEV), Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No 26-10, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Juan Velasco-Bolaños
- Grupo de Investigación en Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinaria (CLEV), Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No 26-10, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Alejandro Ceballos-Márquez
- Grupo de Investigación en Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinaria (CLEV), Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No 26-10, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Catalina López
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No 26-10, Manizales, 170004, Colombia
| | - Jorge U Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No 26-10, Manizales, 170004, Colombia.
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Chen Q, Wang S, Guo J, Xie Q, Evivie SE, Song Y, Li B, Huo G. The Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344 on LPS-Induced Mastitis In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770822. [PMID: 34858427 PMCID: PMC8630701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow mastitis, which significantly lowers milk quality, is mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli. Previous studies have suggested that lactic acid bacteria can have antagonistic effects on pathogenic bacteria that cause mastitis. In the current study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo alleviative effects of L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 in mastitis treatment. In vitro antibacterial experiments were performed using bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC), followed by in vivo studies involving mastitis mouse models. In vitro results indicate that lactic acid was the primary substance inhibiting the E. coli pathogen. Meanwhile, treatment with L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 can reduce cytokines' mRNA expression levels in the inflammatory response of bMEC induced by LPS. In vivo, the use of this strain reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inhibited the secretion of p-p65 and p-IκBα. These results indicate that L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 pretreatment can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, thus exerting prevent the occurrence of inflammation in vivo. Our findings show that L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 has excellent properties as an alternative to antibiotics and can be developed into lactic acid bacteria preparation to prevent mastitis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Company Ltd., Qiqihaer, China
| | - Smith Etareri Evivie
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Yue Song
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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25
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Afroj S, Brannen AD, Nasrin S, Al Mouslem A, Hathcock T, Maxwell H, Rasmussen-Ivey CR, Sandage MJ, Davis EW, Panizzi P, Wang C, Liles MR. Bacillus velezensis AP183 Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Proliferation in Murine and Bovine Disease Models. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746410. [PMID: 34690995 PMCID: PMC8533455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing frequency of S. aureus antimicrobial resistance has spurred interest in identifying alternative therapeutants. We investigated the S. aureus-inhibitory capacity of B. velezensis strains in mouse and bovine models. Among multiple B. velezensis strains that inhibited S. aureus growth in vitro, B. velezensis AP183 provided the most potent inhibition of S. aureus proliferation and bioluminescence in a mouse cutaneous wound (P = 0.02). Histology revealed abundant Gram-positive cocci in control wounds that were reduced in B. velezensis AP183-treated tissues. Experiments were then conducted to evaluate the ability of B. velezensis AP183 to prevent S. aureus biofilm formation on a tracheostomy tube substrate. B. velezensis AP183 could form a biofilm on a tracheostomy tube inner cannula substrate, and that this biofilm was antagonistic to S. aureus colonization. B. velezensis AP183 was also observed to inhibit the growth of S. aureus isolates originated from bovine mastitis cases. To evaluate the inflammatory response of mammary tissue to intramammary inoculation with B. velezensis AP183, we used high dose and low dose inocula in dairy cows. At the high dose, a significant increase in somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis was observed at all post-inoculation time points (P < 0.01), which resolved quickly compared to S. aureus-induced mastitis; in contrast, the lower dose of B. velezensis AP183 resulted in a slight increase of SCC and no clinical mastitis. In a subsequent experiment, all mammary quarters in four cows were induced to have grade 1 clinical mastitis by intramammary inoculation of a S. aureus mastitis isolate; following mastitis induction, eight quarters were treated with B. velezensis AP183 and milk samples were collected from pretreatment and post-treatment samples for 9 days. In groups treated with B. velezensis AP183, SCC and abundance of S. aureus decreased with significant reductions in S. aureus after 3 days post-inoculation with AP183 (P = 0.04). A milk microbiome analysis revealed significant reductions in S. aureus relative abundance in the AP183-treated group by 8 days post-inoculation (P = 0.02). These data indicate that B. velezensis AP183 can inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation and its proliferation in murine and bovine disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayma Afroj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Andrew D Brannen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Shamima Nasrin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Abdulaziz Al Mouslem
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Terri Hathcock
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Herris Maxwell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Mary J Sandage
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Edward W Davis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Peter Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Mark R Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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26
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Kabelitz T, Aubry E, van Vorst K, Amon T, Fulde M. The Role of Streptococcus spp. in Bovine Mastitis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1497. [PMID: 34361932 PMCID: PMC8305581 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus genus belongs to one of the major pathogen groups inducing bovine mastitis. In the dairy industry, mastitis is the most common and costly disease. It not only negatively impacts economic profit due to milk losses and therapy costs, but it is an important animal health and welfare issue as well. This review describes a classification, reservoirs, and frequencies of the most relevant Streptococcus species inducing bovine mastitis (S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis). Host and environmental factors influencing mastitis susceptibility and infection rates will be discussed, because it has been indicated that Streptococcus herd prevalence is much higher than mastitis rates. After infection, we report the sequence of cow immune reactions and differences in virulence factors of the main Streptococcus species. Different mastitis detection techniques together with possible conventional and alternative therapies are described. The standard approach treating streptococcal mastitis is the application of ß-lactam antibiotics. In streptococci, increased antimicrobial resistance rates were identified against enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. At the end, control and prevention measures will be considered, including vaccination, hygiene plan, and further interventions. It is the aim of this review to estimate the contribution and to provide detailed knowledge about the role of the Streptococcus genus in bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kabelitz
- Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Etienne Aubry
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (E.A.); (K.v.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Kira van Vorst
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (E.A.); (K.v.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Thomas Amon
- Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (E.A.); (K.v.V.); (M.F.)
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27
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Balemi A, Gumi B, Amenu K, Girma S, Gebru M, Tekle M, Ríus AA, D’Souza DH, Agga GE, Kerro Dego O. Prevalence of Mastitis and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from CMT Positive Milk Samples Obtained from Dairy Cows, Camels, and Goats in Two Pastoral Districts in Southern Ethiopia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061530. [PMID: 34073967 PMCID: PMC8225129 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A study was carried out from August 2017 to February 2018 on lactating dairy cows, one-humped dromedary camels, and goats to determine mastitis in the Bule Hora and Dugda Dawa districts of in Southern Ethiopia. Milk samples from 564 udder quarters and udder halves from 171 animals consisting of 60 dairy cows, 51 camels, and 60 goats were tested for mastitis. Sixty-four positive udder milk samples were cultured, and bacterial mastitis pathogens were isolated and identified. The antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from milk with mastitis was tested against nine antimicrobials commonly used in the study area. Cow-level prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows, camels, and goats was 33.3%, 26.3%, and 25%, respectively. The quarter-level prevalence of mastitis in cows, camels and goats was 17.6%, 14.5%, and 20%, respectively. In cattle, the prevalence was significantly higher in Dugda Dawa than in Bule Hora. Major bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (39.1%), S. aureus (17.2%), S. hyicus (14.1%), and S. intermedius and Escherichia coli (9.4% each). In camels, udder abnormality and mastitis were significantly higher in late lactation than in early lactation. Mastitis tends to increase with parity in camels. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, vancomycin, and doxycycline, whereas most S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most of the rural and periurban communities in this area consume raw milk, which indicates a high risk of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We recommend community-focused training programs to improve community awareness of the risk of raw milk consumption and the need to boil milk. Abstract A study was carried out from August 2017 to February 2018 on lactating dairy cows, one-humped dromedary camels, and goats to determine mastitis in the Bule Hora and Dugda Dawa districts of in Southern Ethiopia. Milk samples from 564 udder quarters and udder halves from 171 animals consisting of 60 dairy cows, 51 camels, and 60 goats were tested for mastitis. Sixty-four positive udder milk samples were cultured, and bacterial mastitis pathogens were isolated and identified. The antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from milk with mastitis was tested against nine antimicrobials commonly used in the study area. Cow- and quarter-level prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows, camels, and goats was 33.3%, 26.3%, and 25% and 17.6%, 14.5%, and 20%, respectively. In cattle, the prevalence was significantly higher in Dugda Dawa than in Bule Hora. Major bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (39.1%), S. aureus (17.2%), S. hyicus (14.1%), and S. intermedius and Escherichia coli (9.4% each). In camels, udder abnormality and mastitis were significantly higher in late lactation than in early lactation. Mastitis tends to increase with parity in camels. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, vancomycin, and doxycycline, whereas most S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most of the rural and periurban communities in this area consume raw milk, which indicates a high risk of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We recommend a community-focused training program to improve community awareness of the need to boil milk and the risk of raw milk consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanuel Balemi
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia; (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Balako Gumi
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia;
| | - Kebede Amenu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (K.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Sisay Girma
- College of Agriculture, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, P.O. Box 144, Ethiopia;
| | - Mu'uz Gebru
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia; (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Muluken Tekle
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (K.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Agustin A. Ríus
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Doris H. D’Souza
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37998, USA;
| | - Getahun E. Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA;
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Rodrigues CH, Araújo EAG, Almeida RP, Nascimento TP, Silva MM, Abbas G, Nunes FD, Lins E, Lira-Nogueira MCB, Falcão JSA, Fontes A, Porto ALF, Pereira G, Santos BS. Silver nanoprisms as plasmonic enhancers applied in the photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bubaline mastitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102315. [PMID: 33932564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a bacterial infection that affects all lactating mammals, and in dairy cattle, it leads to a reduction in their milk production and, in worse cases, it may lead to animal death. One viable therapeutic modality for overcoming bacterial resistance can be photodynamic inactivation (PDI), a therapeutic modality for bacterial infection treatment. One of the main factors that can lead to an efficient PDI process is the association of metallic nanoparticles in the close vicinity of photosensitizers, which has shown promising results due to localized surface plasmon resonance phenomena. In this work, methylene blue (MB) molecules were associated with Ag prismatic nanoplatelets (AgNPrs) to use as PDI photosensitizer against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bubaline mastitis. The optical plasmonic activity of AgNPrs was tuned to the MB absorption region (600-700 nm) by inducing their growth into prismatic shapes by a seed-mediated procedure, using poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) as the surfactant. A simulation on the plasmonic properties of the nanoprisms, applying particle size within the dimensions determined by TEM image analysis (d = 32 ± 6 nm), showed a 30 % increase of the incident field on the prismatic tips. Photodynamic results showed that the electrostatic AgNPr-MB conjugates promoted enhancement (ca. 15 %) of the reactive oxygen species production. Besides, PDI mediated by AgNPrs-MB led to the complete inactivation of the mastitis S. aureus strain after 6 min inactivation, in contrast to PDI mediated by MB, which reduced less than a 0.5 bacterial log. Thus, the results show this plasmonic enhanced photodynamic tool's potential to be applied in the inactivation of multi-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio H Rodrigues
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Evanísia A G Araújo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rômulo P Almeida
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Nascimento
- Morphology and Animal Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marllyn M Silva
- Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória, PE, Brazil
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Physics, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Frederico D Nunes
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Emery Lins
- Electronic and Systems Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana S A Falcão
- Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Biophysics and Radiobiology Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana L F Porto
- Morphology and Animal Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Goreti Pereira
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Beate S Santos
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Taniguchi T, Latt KM, Tarigan E, Yano F, Sato H, Minamino T, Misawa N. A 1-Year Investigation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Bovine Mastitis at a Large-Scale Dairy Farm in Japan. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1450-1454. [PMID: 33900856 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In a large-scale dairy farm, it is important to take countermeasure of prevention against mastitis of dairy cows, and it is especially important to establish hygiene and risk management to prevent the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, we have performed bacteriological testing of clinical and subclinical mastitis and investigation of antimicrobial resistance bacteria in a large-scale farm for 1 year. The bacteria isolated most frequently from 1,549 samples of 952 cow, including cows with recurring mastitis were Staphylococcus non-aureus (SNA) (27.6%), followed by Escherichia coli (18.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.3%). Although Staphylococcus aureus was isolated at 7.7% from milk sample, no methicillin-resistant S. aureus was found. The incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli was 1.4% and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was 1.4% of all samples, even though third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins were not used for antimicrobial treatment of mastitis in this farm. Although these genotypes of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were mainly composed of CTX-M-15 and TEM-1 and CTX-M-2 and TEM-116, respectively, there was no spread and persist of predominant clonal type. Appropriate farm management, such as segregation and culling of infected animals and monitors of trends in antimicrobial resistance among mastitis pathogens, may have contributed these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Taniguchi
- Division of Research & Inspection for Infectious Diseases, Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Khin Maung Latt
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Elpita Tarigan
- Division of Research & Inspection for Infectious Diseases, Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fusae Yano
- Division of Research & Inspection for Infectious Diseases, Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Naoaki Misawa
- Division of Research & Inspection for Infectious Diseases, Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Mora-Hernández Y, Vera Murguía E, Stinenbosch J, Hernández Jauregui P, van Dijl JM, Buist G. Molecular typing and antimicrobial resistance profiling of 33 mastitis-related Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows in the Comarca Lagunera region of Mexico. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6912. [PMID: 33767356 PMCID: PMC7994548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis in cows is a major cause of economic losses and it is commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus. Little is known about the S. aureus lineages causing mastitis in Mexican cattle. The aim of this study was to type S. aureus isolates causing mastitis in cows from the Comarca Lagunera region in Mexico in 2015-2016. Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat fingerprinting (MLVF) of 33 S. aureus isolates obtained from 210 milk samples revealed the MLVF clusters A (n = 1), B (n = 26), C (n = 5) and D (n = 1). Spa-typing showed that clusters A and B represent the spa-type t224, cluster C includes spa-types t3196 and t416, and cluster D represents spa-type t114. The different spa-types were mirrored by the masses of protein A bands as detected by Western blotting. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that one isolate was susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, whereas all other strains were resistant only to benzylpenicillin. These findings show that only four S. aureus lineages, susceptible to most antimicrobials, were responsible for causing mastitis at the time of sampling. Lastly, many isolates carried the same small plasmid, designated pSAM1. The high prevalence of pSAM1 amongst the antimicrobial-susceptible isolates suggests an association with bovine colonization or mastitis rather than antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mora-Hernández
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Vera Murguía
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Stinenbosch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Buist
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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vB_EfaS-DELF1, a novel Siphoviridae bacteriophage with highly effective lytic activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Virus Res 2021; 298:198391. [PMID: 33737153 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an environmental agent of bovine mastitis in cows and has many cytopathic effects on the urinary tract in both humans and animals. In this study, a novel lytic bacteriophage, vB_EfaS-DELF1, was isolated against 21 E. faecalis isolated from bovine mastitis, including vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE). vB_EfaS-DELF1 bacteriophage was specific for E. faecalis and showed no lytic effects against other tested Enterococcus spp., Gram-negative, or Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, no activity was observed against yogurt starters. The phage suspension was stable in a wide range of pH, salinity, and temperature. It retained its activity in 3.5 % fat milk. vB_EfaS-DELF1 has the common phenotypic features of Siphoviridae with a double-strand DNA of 40,248 bp in length and a G + C content of 34.9 %. The genome encodes 62 putative ORFs and no tRNA. No undesirable genes such as lysogenic mediators, antibiotic resistance, or virulence factor genes were detected in the genome. The comparative genomic analysis demonstrated similarity to the other available phage genomes. The highest similarity was observed with two other phages (50 % coverage and 82.38 % identities with IME-EFm1; 35 % coverage and 86.22 % identities with IME-EFm5) that were placed in the same clade. The differences with the other aligned phages were high and were placed in distant clusters. Regarding the specificity of this new bacteriophage against all of the tested E. faecalis isolates and, in particular, against the vancomycin-resistant ones, and also the absence of antibiotic resistance or virulence genes in its genome, vB_EfaS-DELF1 is suggested as a potential candidate for biocontrol of E. faecalis infections.
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Tomazi T, Sumnicht M, Tomazi ACCH, Silva JCC, Bringhenti L, Duarte LM, Silva MMM, Rodrigues MX, Bicalho RC. Negatively controlled, randomized clinical trial comparing different antimicrobial interventions for treatment of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive pathogens. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:3364-3385. [PMID: 33358798 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The general objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 intramammary antibiotic interventions using 2 commercially available antibiotics with narrow- or broad-spectrum activity on cure rates of clinical mastitis (CM) caused by gram-positive bacteria. We also compared the efficacy of treatment protocols, including a negative control, on outcomes at the cow and mammary quarter level. Before the onset of the study, 5,987 animals more than 12 mo old were randomly preassigned to 1 of 4 protocols in the event of gram-positive CM (except for Staphylococcus aureus and Trueperella pyogenes) during lactation: 3 infusions with 62.5 mg of amoxicillin performed 12 h apart (AMOX-L); 5 infusions once a day with 62.5 mg of amoxicillin (AMOX-EL); 5 infusions once a day with 125 mg of ceftiofur hydrochloride (CEFT-L); or negative control, no treatment performed until 5 d after diagnosis (NEG-CTR). Randomization was performed to preassign 90% of cows to one of the antibiotic protocols (30% in each group) and 10% to the negative control. A total of 696 quarter cases of CM met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated in the study. Quarter-level outcomes were assessed based on 5 milk samples collected up to 14 ± 3 d following enrollment (i.e., first day of treatment), whereas variables at the cow level [composite somatic cell count (SCC), milk production, and survival in the herd] were assessed up to 90 d after CM diagnosis. Streptococcus uberis, followed by Streptococcus dysgalactiae, were the main causes of gram-positive CM. Overall, clinical cure was higher for CEFT-L than for AMOX-EL, and no difference was observed between CEFT-L and AMOX-L. Likewise, no significant differences were detected on overall bacteriological cure, although some treatment effects were observed at the species level. Compared with antibiotic-treated groups, quarters assigned to NEG-CTR had higher counts of colony-forming units (cfu), 16S rRNA gene copy numbers, and Streptococcus relative abundance (RA) until d 5 after enrollment. Quarters treated with AMOX-L had higher cfu counts on d 5, 8, and 14 after enrollment compared with the other antibiotic protocols. In addition, the RA of Streptococcus spp. was higher on d 14 after enrollment for AMOX-treated quarters compared with the CEFT-L group. Linear score of SCC was higher for AMOX-treated cows than for CEFT-L in the first test day after CM. However, cows assigned to AMOX-L had higher milk production than those submitted to the AMOX-EL and CEFT-L protocols. In conclusion, the 2-d protocol with 3 intramammary infusions of amoxicillin (narrow-spectrum antimicrobial) had similar overall clinical and bacteriological cures as 5 administrations (once a day) with ceftiofur hydrochloride (wide spectrum). No significant difference was observed on CM recurrence and cow survival. However, quarters treated with 5-d protocols were more effective at reducing milk cfu counts than quarters in the AMOX-L protocol. In addition, lower Streptococcus spp. RA was observed in ceftiofur-treated quarters compared with the amoxicillin protocols at d 14 after CM diagnosis. Based on results of microbiome and bacterial load (quantitative PCR and cfu count) up to 5 d after CM diagnosis, antibiotic use remains an indispensable strategy for treatment of CM caused by gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomazi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - M Sumnicht
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - A C C H Tomazi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - J C C Silva
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - L Bringhenti
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - L M Duarte
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - M M M Silva
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - M X Rodrigues
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401.
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Zhan K, Yang T, Feng B, Zhu X, Chen Y, Huo Y, Zhao G. The protective roles of tea tree oil extracts in bovine mammary epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:62. [PMID: 32549980 PMCID: PMC7294674 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tea tree oil (TTO) plays an important role in antibacterial activity and alleviating the inflammatory responses. Bovine mammary epithelium and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) can actively respond to bovine mastitis infection. However, regulatory effects of TTO extracts on the innate immune response of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and PMNL remain not reported. Therefore, aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of TTO extracts on the mRNA levels of the genes involved in the innate immune response of BMECs and PMNL. Results Our results demonstrated that addition of 0.025% and 0.05% TTO increased the proliferation of BMECs, and significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) the viability of BMECs exposed to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). An inhibitory effect was observed against the growth of S. aureus by TTO incubation. The 0.05% TTO reduced S. aureus biofilm formation, association and invasion of S. aureus to BMECs, and changed the morphological and structural features of S. aureus. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were decreased (P < 0.001) by the incubation of TTO. Interestingly, the expression of IL-8 known for PMNL chemotactic function was elevated (P < 0.05) by 0.05% TTO treatment. Consistently, 0.05% TTO increased the migration of PMNL in S. aureus-exposed BMECs when compared with S. aureus treatment alone (P < 0.05). In addition, PMNL incubated with 0.05% TTO decreased the levels of NFKB inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) and TNF-α. Conclusions Our results indicate that use of TTO can relieve the BMECs pro-inflammatory response caused by S. aureus and promote the migration of PMNL to mount the innate immune responses, and it may be novel strategy for the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Baobao Feng
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Wuxi Chenfang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuxi, China
| | - Yinyin Chen
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Yongjiu Huo
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
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Zaatout N, Ayachi A, Kecha M. Staphylococcus aureus persistence properties associated with bovine mastitis and alternative therapeutic modalities. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1102-1119. [PMID: 32416020 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important agent of contagious bovine intramammary infections in dairy cattle. Its ability to persist inside the udder is based on the presence of important mechanisms such as its ability to form biofilms, polysaccharide capsules small colony variants, and their ability to invade professional and nonprofessional cells, which will protect S. aureus from the innate and adaptive immune response of the cow, and from antibiotics that are no longer considered to be sufficient against S. aureus bovine mastitis. In this review, we present the recent research outlining S. aureus persistence properties inside the mammary gland, including its regulation mechanisms, and we highlight alternative therapeutic strategies that were tested against S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis such as the use of probiotic bacteria, bacteriocins and bacteriophages. Overall, the persistence of S. aureus inside the mammary gland remains a pressing veterinary problem. A thorough understanding of staphylococcal persistence mechanisms will elucidate novel ways that can help in the identification of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zaatout
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - A Ayachi
- Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - M Kecha
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
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El Garch F, Youala M, Simjee S, Moyaert H, Klee R, Truszkowska B, Rose M, Hocquet D, Valot B, Morrissey I, de Jong A. Antimicrobial susceptibility of nine udder pathogens recovered from bovine clinical mastitis milk in Europe 2015-2016: VetPath results. Vet Microbiol 2020; 245:108644. [PMID: 32456822 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
VetPath is an ongoing pan-European antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring programme collecting pathogens from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry not recently treated with antibiotics. Non-duplicate isolates (n = 1244) were obtained from cows with acute clinical mastitis in eight countries during 2015-2016 for centrally antimicrobial susceptibility testing according CLSI standards. Among Escherichia coli (n = 225), resistance was high to ampicillin and tetracycline, moderate to kanamycin and low to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefazolin. The MIC50/90 of danofloxacin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin were 0.03 and 0.06 μg/mL. For Klebsiella spp. (n = 70), similar results were noted, except for ampicillin and kanamycin. We detected 3.7 % (11/295) Enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying an ESBL/AmpC gene. Staphylococcus aureus (n = 247) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; n = 189) isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested except to penicillin (25.1 and 29.1 % resistance). Two S. aureus and thirteen CoNS isolates harboured mecA gene. Streptococcus uberis isolates (n = 208) were susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics (87.1-94.7 % susceptibility), 23.9 % were resistant to erythromycin and 37.5 % to tetracycline. Resistance to pirlimycin was moderate. For Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n = 132) the latter figures were 10.6 and 43.2 %; pirlimycin resistance was low. MIC values for Streptococcus agalactiae, Trueperella pyogenes and Corynebacterium spp. were generally low. This current VetPath study shows that mastitis pathogens were susceptible to most antimicrobials with exceptions of staphylococci against penicillin and streptococci against erythromycin or tetracycline. For most antimicrobials, the percentage resistance and MIC50/90 values among the major pathogens were comparable to that of the preceeding VetPath surveys. This work highlights the high need to set additional clinical breakpoints for antimicrobials frequently used to treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid El Garch
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Vétoquinol SA, Lure, France
| | - Myriam Youala
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Virbac, Carros, France
| | - Shabbir Simjee
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Elanco Animal Health, Basingstoke, UK
| | - Hilde Moyaert
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Zoetis, Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Klee
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Beata Truszkowska
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Fatro, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Markus Rose
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; MSD Animal Health, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU, Besançon, France; UMR CNRS Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Benoit Valot
- UMR CNRS Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Anno de Jong
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Consultant c/o CEESA, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in dogs can be transmitted to humans and close contact between dogs and people might foster dissemination of resistance determinants. The aim of our study was to describe the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of the major causative agents of canine otitis - one of the most common diseases in dogs - isolated in France. Data collected between 2012 and 2016 by the French national surveillance network for AMR, referred to as RESAPATH, were analysed. Resistance trends were investigated using non-linear analysis (generalised additive models). A total of 7021 antibiograms were analysed. The four major causative agents of canine otitis in France were coagulase-positive staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and streptococci. Since 2013, resistance to fluoroquinolones has been on the decrease in both P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates. For P. aeruginosa, 19.4% of isolates were resistant to both enrofloxacin and gentamicin. The levels of multidrug resistance (acquired resistance to at least one antibiotic in three or more antibiotic classes) ranged between 11.9% for P. mirabilis and 16.0% for S. pseudintermedius. These results are essential to guide prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. They will also help in designing efficient control strategies and in measuring their effectiveness.
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Haley BJ, Kim SW, Salaheen S, Hovingh E, Van Kessel JAS. Differences in the Microbial Community and Resistome Structures of Feces from Preweaned Calves and Lactating Dairy Cows in Commercial Dairy Herds. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:494-503. [PMID: 32176535 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preweaned dairy calves and lactating dairy cows are known reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To further understand the differences in the resistomes and microbial communities between the two, we sequenced the metagenomes of fecal composite samples from preweaned dairy calves and lactating dairy cows on 17 commercial dairy farms (n = 34 samples). Results indicated significant differences in the structures of the microbial communities (analysis of similarities [ANOSIM] R = 0.81, p = 0.001) and resistomes (ANOSIM R = 0.93 to 0.96, p = 0.001) between the two age groups. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the predominant members of the communities, but when the groups were compared, Bacteroidetes and Verrumicrobia were significantly more abundant in calf fecal composite samples, whereas Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Lentisphaerae, Planctomycetes, Chlorofexi, and Saccharibacteria-(TM7) were more abundant in lactating cow samples. Diverse suites of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified in all samples, with the most frequently detected being assigned to tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance. When the two groups were compared, ARGs were significantly more abundant in composite fecal samples from calves than those from lactating cows (calf median ARG abundance = 1.8 × 100 ARG/16S ribosomal RNA [rRNA], cow median ARG abundance = 1.7 × 10-1 ARG/16S rRNA) and at the antibiotic resistance class level, the relative abundance of tetracycline, trimethoprim, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, β-lactam, and phenicol resistance genes was significantly higher in calf samples than in cow samples. Results of this study indicate that composite feces from preweaned calves harbor different bacterial communities and resistomes than composite feces from lactating cows, with a greater abundance of resistance genes detected in preweaned calf feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon-Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
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Seligsohn D, Nyman AK, Younan M, Sake W, Persson Y, Bornstein S, Maichomo M, de Verdier K, Morrell JM, Chenais E. Subclinical mastitis in pastoralist dairy camel herds in Isiolo, Kenya: Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4717-4731. [PMID: 32171518 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is an important constraint to milk production in pastoralist camel (Camelus dromedarius) herds in Kenya. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and bacterial panorama of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in pastoralist camel herds in Isiolo County, Kenya. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility in udder pathogens was studied. A cross-sectional sample of 206 camels from 20 milking herds was screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and quarter milk was subjected to bacterial culturing. Isolates were confirmed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method. Interviews focusing on herd management were conducted with camel owners. Subclinical mastitis, defined as a CMT score ≥ 3 (scale 1 to 5) and absence of clinical symptoms in the udder, were present in all visited herds. On the individual level, 46% of the camels had at least 1 quarter affected with SCM, and on the quarter level the prevalence was 26%. Intramammary infections (IMI) were common; out of 798 quarter milk samples, 33% yielded conclusive bacterial growth. The sensitivity and specificity of CMT for correctly identifying quarters with IMI were 82% and 92%, respectively. The most prevalent pathogen was Streptococcus agalactiae (72% of IMI-positive quarters), followed by non-aureus staphylococci (19%) and Staphylococcus aureus (13%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that only a low proportion (4.9%) of Strep. agalactiae isolates was sensitive to tetracycline. For Staph. aureus, 59.1% of isolates exhibited sensitivity to penicillin. Skin lesions on the teats or udder were a risk factor for SCM. Increased age, parity, and stage of lactation were associated with increased risk of both SCM and IMI. Older camels with a blind teat or a previous history of mastitis were more likely to be infected with Strep. agalactiae. Hygiene routines for milking were largely absent in the observed herds, and knowledge of adequate milk handling was limited. The poor udder health is likely to depend on multiple factors, most prominently the within-herd maintenance of contagious udder pathogens, in combination with difficult sanitary conditions and lack of awareness among camel keepers. This study showed that in pastoralist camel herds around Isiolo town, SCM and IMI specifically caused by Strep. agalactiae are common udder health problems and are associated with increasing age, parity, and stage of lactation, and skin lesions on the teats and udder. Resistance to tetracycline in Strep. agalactiae was common. Control strategies specifically targeting SCM and adapted to pastorally managed camel herds need to be developed to reduce disease, combat antimicrobial resistance, and improve the livelihoods of pastoralists.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Seligsohn
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - A-K Nyman
- Växa Sverige, SE-10425, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Younan
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)-Syria, United Nations Cross-Border Hub, 27010 Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - W Sake
- Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development, County Government of Marsabit, PO Box 384-60500, Marsabit, Kenya
| | - Y Persson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189, Uppsala, Sweden; Växa Sverige, SE-10425, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Bornstein
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Maichomo
- Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Veterinary Research Institute, 00902, Kikuyu, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - K de Verdier
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J M Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Chenais
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189, Uppsala, Sweden
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Neerukonda M, Pavuluri S, Sharma I, Kumar A, Sailasree P, Lakshmi JB, Sharp JA, Kumar S. Functional evaluation of a monotreme-specific antimicrobial protein, EchAMP, against experimentally induced mastitis in transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:573-587. [PMID: 31599375 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
EchAMP, the tenth most abundant transcript expressed in the mammary gland of echidna, has in vitro broad-spectrum antibacterial effects. However, the effects of EchAMP on mastitis, a condition where inflammation is triggered following mammary gland infection, has not been investigated. To investigate the impact of EchAMP against mastitis, EchAMP transgenic mice were generated. In antibacterial assays, the whey fractions of milk from transgenic mice significantly reduced growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with whey fractions from wildtype mice. Furthermore, a mastitis model created by infecting mammary gland with these four bacterial strains displayed a significant reduction in bacterial load in transgenic mice injected with S. aureus and B. subtilis. On further confirmation, histomorphologic analysis showed absence of necrosis and cell infiltration in the mammary glands of transgenic mice. To understand the role of EchAMP against inflammation, we employed an LPS-injected mastitis mouse model. LPS is known to induce phopshorylation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which in turn activate downstream proinflammatory signaling mediators, to promote inflammation. In LPS-treated EchAMP transgenic mice, phosphorylation levels of NF-κB, p38 and ERK1/2 were significantly downregulated. Furthermore, in mammary gland of transgenic mice, there was a significant downregulation of mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines, namely TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Taken together, these data suggest that EchAMP has an antiinflammatory response and is effective against S. aureus and B. subtilis. We suggest that EchAMP may be a potential prophylactic protein against mastitis in dairy animals by expressing this gene in their mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Neerukonda
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Isha Sharma
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alok Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Julie A Sharp
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Satish Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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40
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Bourély C, Cazeau G, Jouy E, Haenni M, Madec JY, Jarrige N, Leblond A, Gay E. Antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida isolated from diseased food-producing animals and pets. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:280-284. [PMID: 31383313 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance of Pasteurella multocida resistance in food-producing animals is essential to guide the first-line treatment of respiratory diseases and to limit economic losses. Since Pasteurella are the most common bacteria isolated from dog and cat bites, this surveillance is also needed to guide treatment in humans in case of bites. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypic resistance of P. multocida strains isolated from respiratory infections in animals, including both food-producing animals and pets. Data collected between 2012 and 2017 by the French national surveillance network for antimicrobial resistance referred to as RESAPATH were analyzed. The proportions of resistance to antimicrobials of relevance in veterinary and human medicines were estimated for each animal species. For cattle, resistance trends over the period were investigated using non-linear analysis applied to time-series. In total, 5356 P. multocida isolates were analyzed. Proportions of resistance of P. multocida were almost all below 20% over the period, and, more precisely, all resistance proportions were below 10% for rabbits, sheep and dogs. The highest resistance proportions to enrofloxacin were identified for cattle (4.5%) and dogs (5.2%). Despite its frequent use in livestock, resistance to florfenicol was less than 1% in P. multocida strains, regardless of the animal species considered. Time series analyses revealed continuous increases in resistance to tetracycline, tilmicosin, flumequine and fluoroquinolones in P. multocida strains isolated from cattle. These trends contrast with the decrease in use of antibiotics in cattle in France and with the decrease in resistance observed in E. coli isolated from diseased cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bourély
- École Nationale des Services Vétérinaires, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Étoile, France; Université de Lyon, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et appui à la surveillance, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; EPIA, UMR Epidémiologie des Maladies Animales et Zoonotiques, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Géraldine Cazeau
- Université de Lyon, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et appui à la surveillance, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, Université Bretagne Loire, Technopôle Saint-Brieuc Armor, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Université de Lyon, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Université de Lyon, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Nathalie Jarrige
- Université de Lyon, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et appui à la surveillance, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Leblond
- EPIA, UMR Epidémiologie des Maladies Animales et Zoonotiques, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Emilie Gay
- Université de Lyon, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et appui à la surveillance, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France.
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41
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Bourély C, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Haenni M, Gay E, Leblond A. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:112-119. [PMID: 31033041 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horses are one of the potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants that could be transferred to human subjects. OBJECTIVE To describe the AMR patterns of major bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational study. METHODS Data collected between 2012 and 2016 by RESAPATH, the French national surveillance network for AMR, were analysed. Only antimicrobials relevant in veterinary and human medicine for the isolated bacteria were considered. Mono- and multidrug resistance were calculated. The resistance proportions of major equine diseases were assessed and compared. Where data permitted, resistance trends were investigated using nonlinear analysis (generalised additive models). RESULTS A total of 12,695 antibiograms were analysed. The five most frequently isolated bacteria were Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pantoea spp. and Klebsiella spp. The highest proportions of resistance to gentamicin were found for S. aureus (22.1%) and Pseudomonas spp. (26.9%). Klebsiella spp. and E. coli had the highest proportions of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15.5 and 26.2%, respectively). Proportions of resistance to tetracycline were among the highest for all the bacteria considered. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was below 10% for all Enterobacteriaceae. The highest proportions of multidrug resistance (22.5%) were found among S. aureus isolates, which is worrying given their zoonotic potential. From 2012 to 2016, resistance proportions decreased in Pseudomonas spp. isolates, but remained the same for S. aureus. For Streptococcus spp. and E. coli, resistance proportions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased. MAIN LIMITATIONS Since antibiograms are not systematic analyses, any selection bias could impact the results. CONCLUSIONS Such studies are essential to estimate the magnitude of the potential threat of AMR to public health, to design efficient control strategies and to measure their effectiveness. These findings may also guide the initial empirical treatment of horse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bourély
- École Nationale des Services Vétérinaires, ENSV, VetagroSup, Marcy l'Étoile, France.,Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.,Epidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques, INRA, EPIA, UMR 0346, VetAgroSup, University of Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - G Cazeau
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - N Jarrige
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - M Haenni
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - E Gay
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France
| | - A Leblond
- Epidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques, INRA, EPIA, UMR 0346, VetAgroSup, University of Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
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42
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Martin KL, Clapham MO, Davis JL, Baynes RE, Lin Z, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE, Tell LA. Extralabel drug use in small ruminants. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:1001-1009. [PMID: 30272520 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.8.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Internalization, distribution, and activity of peptide H2 against the intracellular multidrug-resistant bovine mastitis-causing bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7968. [PMID: 31138863 PMCID: PMC6538662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, which is difficult to eliminate, prone to escape from antibacterial agents, and may cause recurring infections due to the intracellular nature of its infection and multidrug resistance. In this study, the intracellular activities of the NZ2114 derivative peptide H18R (H2) against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant bovine S. aureus strains were investigated in bovine mammary epithelial MAC-T cells and mouse mammary glands. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of H2 against S. aureus were 0.5‒1 μg/ml; H2 displayed a lower cytotoxicity than its parental peptide NZ2114 (survival rates of MAC-T cells: 100% [H2 treatment] vs 60.7% [NZ2114 (256 μg/ml) treatment]). H2 was internalized into MAC-T cells mainly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and distributed in the cytoplasm. The intracellular inhibition rates against MRSA ATCC43300, the mastitis isolates S. aureus CVCC 3051 and E48 were above 99%, 99%, and 94%, respectively; these were higher than those in case of vancomycin (23-47%). In the mouse model of S. aureus E48-induced mastitis, after treatment with 100 μg of H2 and vancomycin, bacterial numbers in each mammary gland were reduced by 3.96- and 1.59-log CFU, respectively. Additionally, similar to NZ2114 and vancomycin, H2 alleviated the histopathological damage of the mammary tissue and polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in the alveoli. These results suggest that H2 can be used as a safe and effective candidate for treating S. aureus-induced mastitis.
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Chehabi CN, Nonnemann B, Astrup LB, Farre M, Pedersen K. In vitro Antimicrobial Resistance of Causative Agents to Clinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Cows. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:562-572. [PMID: 31059284 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of major causative agents to clinical mastitis in Danish dairy cows collected in 2016 to provide data on the current resistance patterns. Such data may subsequently serve as basis for a guideline for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in mastitis treatment. In addition, this study serves as a baseline for future comparison. The minimum inhibitory concentrations in Escherichia coli (n = 62), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 18), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 63), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) (n = 49), Streptococcus uberis (n = 61), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n = 33), and Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 13) were determined to antimicrobial agents representing most classes relevant for treatment. The occurrence of resistance in the 299 bacterial isolates in total was evaluated using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute clinical breakpoints or in-house breakpoint values. For E. coli, low resistance levels were detected, 11.3% being resistant to ampicillin while resistance to other compounds was lower or zero. In contrast, K. pneumoniae revealed frequent ampicillin resistance (83.3%), but was susceptible to most other antimicrobial agents tested. Staphylococci were susceptible to the majority of antimicrobial agents tested, only 17.7% of the S. aureus isolates and 22.4% of the CNS being resistant to penicillin. Species distribution of the CNS isolates revealed that Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most prevalent species. One S. aureus and one S. chromogenes isolate was found to be cefoxitin resistant and confirmed as methicillin resistant by polymerase chain reaction detection of the mecA gene, showing that methicillin resistance in staphylococci is present. All species of streptococci were susceptible to penicillin. No other critical resistance was found in any species, and resistance was in general low to all clinically relevant compounds. We emphasize the need for continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance in major mastitis pathogens and the need for harmonization of methods and interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaza Nazih Chehabi
- 1National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bettina Nonnemann
- 1National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lærke Boye Astrup
- 1National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Karl Pedersen
- 3Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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van den Borne BH, van Schaik G, Lam TJ, Nielen M, Frankena K. Intramammary antimicrobial treatment of subclinical mastitis and cow performance later in lactation. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4441-4451. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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46
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Godoy-Santos F, Pinto MS, Barbosa AAT, Brito MAVP, Mantovani HC. Efficacy of a Ruminal Bacteriocin Against Pure and Mixed Cultures of Bovine Mastitis Pathogens. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:304-312. [PMID: 31388207 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins have been suggested as an alternative to conventional antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of mastitis infections. Predominant bacteria associated with bovine mastitis (n = 276 isolates) were evaluated for their susceptibility to bovicin HC5, a ruminal bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus equinus HC5. Bovicin HC5 inhibited most (> 80%) of the streptococcal and staphylococcal strains tested, but showed no effect against Escherichia coli strains. Susceptibility and resistance testing indicated that approximately 95% of the S. aureus strains were inhibited by concentrations of bovicin HC5 varying from 40 to 2560 AU ml-1. Bovicin HC5 (62.50 AU ml-1) also inhibited the growth of aerobic and anaerobic mixed cultures of S. aureus and S. agalactiae, but the combination with 0.25 mmol l-1 of EDTA showed even greater bactericidal activity. These results demonstrate that bovicin HC5 is effective against the most prevalent pathogens found in contagious udder infections and could complement the use antibiotics in mastitis prophylaxis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Godoy-Santos
- 1Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Pinto
- 1Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil.,2Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana A T Barbosa
- 1Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil.,3Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | | | - Hilário C Mantovani
- 1Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
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Różańska H, Lewtak-Piłat A, Kubajka M, Weiner M. Occurrence of Enterococci in Mastitic Cow's Milk and their Antimicrobial Resistance. J Vet Res 2019; 63:93-97. [PMID: 30989140 PMCID: PMC6458559 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of enterococci in inflammatory secretions from mastitic bovine udders and to assess their antimicrobial resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 2,000 mastitic milk samples from cows were tested in 2014-2017. The isolation of enterococci was performed by precultivation in buffered peptone water, selective multiplication in a broth with sodium azide and cristal violet, and cultivation on Slanetz and Bartley agar. The identification of enterococci was carried out using Api rapid ID 32 strep kits. The antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the MIC technique. RESULTS Enterococci were isolated from 426 samples (21.3%). Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant species (360 strains), followed by E. faecium (35 isolates), and small numbers of others. The highest level of resistance was observed to lincomycin, tetracycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid), erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tylosin. Single strains were resistant to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were sensitive to daptomycin. E. faecalis presented a higher level of resistance in comparison to E. faecium, except to nitrofurantoin. CONCLUSION The results showed frequent occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow's milk and confirmed the high rate of their antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Lewtak-Piłat
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
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Abstract
Optimization of antimicrobial treatment is a cornerstone in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Various national and international authorities and professional veterinary and farming associations have released generic guidelines on prudent antimicrobial use in animals. However, these generic guidelines need to be translated into a set of animal species- and disease-specific practice recommendations. This article focuses on prevention of antimicrobial resistance and its complex relationship with treatment efficacy, highlighting key situations where the current antimicrobial drug products, treatment recommendations, and practices may be insufficient to minimize antimicrobial selection. The authors address this topic using a multidisciplinary approach involving microbiology, pharmacology, clinical medicine, and animal husbandry. In the first part of the article, we define four key targets for implementing the concept of optimal antimicrobial treatment in veterinary practice: (i) reduction of overall antimicrobial consumption, (ii) improved use of diagnostic testing, (iii) prudent use of second-line, critically important antimicrobials, and (iv) optimization of dosage regimens. In the second part, we provided practice recommendations for achieving these four targets, with reference to specific conditions that account for most antimicrobial use in pigs (intestinal and respiratory disease), cattle (respiratory disease and mastitis), dogs and cats (skin, intestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory disease), and horses (upper respiratory disease, neonatal foal care, and surgical infections). Lastly, we present perspectives on the education and research needs for improving antimicrobial use in the future.
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Cao H, Pradhan AK, Karns JS, Hovingh E, Wolfgang DR, Vinyard BT, Kim SW, Salaheen S, Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS. Age-Associated Distribution of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli Isolated from Dairy Herds in Pennsylvania, 2013–2015. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:60-67. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Abani K. Pradhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center of Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey S. Karns
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - David R. Wolfgang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan T. Vinyard
- Statistic Group, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Bradd J. Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
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Salaheen S, Kim SW, Cao H, Wolfgang DR, Hovingh E, Karns JS, Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS. Antimicrobial Resistance Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Veal Calf Operations in Pennsylvania. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:74-80. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Huilin Cao
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - David R. Wolfgang
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey S. Karns
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Bradd J. Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
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