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Al-Jipouri A, Almurisi SH, Al-Japairai K, Bakar LM, Doolaanea AA. Liposomes or Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Comparison of Both Lipid Bilayer Vesicles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020318. [PMID: 36679199 PMCID: PMC9866119 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid and non-invasive pulmonary drug delivery (PDD) has attracted great attention compared to the other routes. However, nanoparticle platforms, like liposomes (LPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), require extensive reformulation to suit the requirements of PDD. LPs are artificial vesicles composed of lipid bilayers capable of encapsulating hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, whereas EVs are natural vesicles secreted by cells. Additionally, novel LPs-EVs hybrid vesicles may confer the best of both. The preparation methods of EVs are distinguished from LPs since they rely mainly on extraction and purification, whereas the LPs are synthesized from their basic ingredients. Similarly, drug loading methods into/onto EVs are distinguished whereby they are cell- or non-cell-based, whereas LPs are loaded via passive or active approaches. This review discusses the progress in LPs and EVs as well as hybrid vesicles with a special focus on PDD. It also provides a perspective comparison between LPs and EVs from various aspects (composition, preparation/extraction, drug loading, and large-scale manufacturing) as well as the future prospects for inhaled therapeutics. In addition, it discusses the challenges that may be encountered in scaling up the production and presents our view regarding the clinical translation of the laboratory findings into commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.-J.); (A.A.D.)
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Khater Al-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Latifah Munirah Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University College MAIWP International (UCMI), Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.A.-J.); (A.A.D.)
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2
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Vasalou C, Harding J, Jones RDO, Hariparsad N, McGinnity DF. Interspecies evaluation of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict the biodistribution dynamics of dendritic nanoparticles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285798. [PMID: 37195991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of a dendritic nanoparticle and its conjugated active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was determined in mouse, rat and dog, with the aim of investigating interspecies differences facilitating clinical translation. Plasma area under the curves (AUCs) were found to be dose proportional across species, while dose normalized concentration time course profiles in plasma, liver and spleen were superimposable in mouse, rat and dog. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, previously developed for mouse, was evaluated as a suitable framework to prospectively capture concentration dynamics in rat and dog. The PBPK model, parameterized either by considering species-specific physiology or using alternate scaling methods such as allometry, was shown to capture exposure profiles across species. A sensitivity analysis highlighted API systemic clearance as a key parameter influencing released API levels. The PBPK model was utilized to simulate human exposure profiles, which overlaid dose-normalized data from mouse, rat and dog. The consistency in measured interspecies exposures as well as the capability of the PBPK model to simulate observed dynamics support its use as a powerful translational tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vasalou
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Niresh Hariparsad
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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3
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Alsmadi MM, Al-Nemrawi NK, Obaidat R, Abu Alkahsi AE, Korshed KM, Lahlouh IK. Insights into the mapping of green synthesis conditions for ZnO nanoparticles and their toxicokinetics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1281-1303. [PMID: 36254841 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) has broad medical applications. However, the green synthesis of ZnO NPs involves a wide range of properties requiring optimization. ZnO NPs show toxicity at lower doses. This toxicity is a function of NP properties and pharmacokinetics. Moreover, NP toxicity and pharmacokinetics are affected by the species type and age of the animals tested. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling offers a mechanistic platform to scrutinize the colligative effect of the interplay between these factors, which reduces the need for in vivo studies. This review provides a guide to choosing green synthesis conditions that result in minimal toxicity using a mechanistic tool, namely PBPK modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo'tasem M Alsmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Nusaiba K Al-Nemrawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Rana Obaidat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Anwar E Abu Alkahsi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Khetam M Korshed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ishraq K Lahlouh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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4
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Zeng Y, Qiu Y, Jiang W, Shen J, Yao X, He X, Li L, Fu B, Liu X. Biological Features of Extracellular Vesicles and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:816698. [PMID: 35813192 PMCID: PMC9263222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.816698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane on the outside, which are widely found in various body fluids and contain biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins on the inside. EVs were once thought to be vesicles for the removal of waste materials, but are now known to be involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes in many diseases. This study examines the advantage of EVs and the challenges associated with their application. A more rational use of the advantageous properties of EVs such as composition specificity, specific targeting, circulatory stability, active penetration of biological barriers, high efficient drug delivery vehicles and anticancer vaccines, oxidative phosphorylation activity and enzymatic activity, and the resolution of shortcomings such as isolation and purification methods, storage conditions and pharmacokinetics and biodistribution patterns during drug delivery will facilitate the clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Zeng, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
| | - Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling He
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingmei Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Zeng, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
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5
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Dosing extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113961. [PMID: 34481030 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural nanoparticles containing biologically active molecules. They are important mediators of intercellular communication and can be exploited therapeutically by various bioengineering approaches. To accurately determine the therapeutic potential of EVs in pre-clinical and clinical settings, dependable dosing strategies are of utmost importance. However, the field suffers from inconsistencies comprising all areas of EV production and characterisation. Therefore, a standardised and well-defined process in EV quantification, key to reliable therapeutic EV dosing, remains to be established. Here, we examined 64 pre-clinical studies for EV-based therapeutics with respect to their applied EV dosing strategies. We identified variations in effective dosing strategies irrespective of the applied EV purification method and cell source. Moreover, we found dose discrepancies depending on the disease model, where EV doses were selected without accounting for published EV pharmacokinetics or biodistribution patterns. We therefore propose to focus on qualitative aspects when dosing EV-based therapeutics, such as the potency of the therapeutic cargo entity. This will ensure batch-to-batch reliability and enhance reproducibility between applications. Furthermore, it will allow for the successful benchmarking of EV-based therapeutics compared to other nanoparticle drug delivery systems, such as viral vector-based or lipid-based nanoparticle approaches.
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6
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Piscatelli JA, Ban J, Lucas AT, Zamboni WC. Complex Factors and Challenges that Affect the Pharmacology, Safety and Efficacy of Nanocarrier Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:114. [PMID: 33477395 PMCID: PMC7830329 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major developments in nanomedicines, such as nanoparticles (NPs), nanosomes, and conjugates, have revolutionized drug delivery capabilities over the past four decades. Although nanocarrier agents provide numerous advantages (e.g., greater solubility and duration of systemic exposure) compared to their small-molecule counterparts, there is considerable inter-patient variability seen in the systemic disposition, tumor delivery and overall pharmacological effects (i.e., anti-tumor efficacy and unwanted toxicity) of NP agents. This review aims to provide a summary of fundamental factors that affect the disposition of NPs in the treatment of cancer and why they should be evaluated during preclinical and clinical development. Furthermore, this chapter will highlight some of the translational challenges associated with elements of NPs and how these issues can only be addressed by detailed and novel pharmacology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Piscatelli
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.P.); (J.B.); (W.C.Z.)
| | - Jisun Ban
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.P.); (J.B.); (W.C.Z.)
| | - Andrew T. Lucas
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.P.); (J.B.); (W.C.Z.)
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William C. Zamboni
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.P.); (J.B.); (W.C.Z.)
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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7
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Valic MS, Halim M, Schimmer P, Zheng G. Guidelines for the experimental design of pharmacokinetic studies with nanomaterials in preclinical animal models. J Control Release 2020; 323:83-101. [PMID: 32278829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A shared feature in the value proposition of every nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems is the desirable improvement in the disposition (or ADME) and pharmacokinetic profiles of the encapsulated drug being delivered. Remarkable progress has been made towards understanding the complex and multifactorial relationships between pharmacokinetic profiles and nanomaterial physicochemical properties, biological interactions, species physiology, etc. These advances have fuelled the rational design of numerous nanomaterials with long-circulation times and improved tissue accumulation (e.g., in tumours). Unfortunately, a central weakness in many of these research efforts has been the inconsistent and insufficient characterisation of the pharmacokinetic profiles of nanomaterials in scientific reporting-a problem affecting the majoirty of of contemporary nanomaterials literature and innovative nanomaterials in early stages of preclinical development especially. Given the significant role of pharmacokinetic assessments to serve as guideposts for deciding whether to continue with the preclinical development and clinical translation of drug delivery systems, the prevalence of poor pharmacokinetic characterisations in nanomaterials research is particularly alarming. A conspicuous problem in many reports is the inappropriate selection of experimental designs and methodologies for studying nanomaterial pharmacokinetics, the consequences of which are increased uncertainty over the accurate interpretation of reported pharmacokinetic data and diminished experimental reproducibility throughout the field. Thus, there is renewed interest in the establishment of consistent and comprehensive strategies for designing preclinical experiments to assess the pharmacokinetics of nanomaterials with diverse physicochemical properties. Towards this end, herein are proposed simple guidelines for the experimental design of pharmacokinetic studies with nanomaterials drawn from the best research practices, principle strategies, and important considerations used in industry for collecting pharmacokinetic data in preclinical animal models. Specifically, key experimental design factors in these studies are identified and examined in the context of nanomaterials for optimality, including blood sampling strategy and technique, sample allocation and sampling time window, test species selection, experimental sources of pharmacokinetic variability, etc. Methods for noninvasive imaging-derived pharmacokinetic assessments of theranostic nanomaterials are also explored with particular focus on emission tomography imaging modalities. Taken together, this review will provide nanomaterial researchers with practical knowledge and pragmatic recommendations for selecting the best designs and methodologies for assessing the pharmacokinetic profiles of their nanomaterials, and hopefully maximise the chances of translational success of these innovative products into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Valic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Room 5-354, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael Halim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Room 5-354, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Pamela Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Room 5-354, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Room 5-354, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Room 15-701, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
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8
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Chu Y, Luo Y, Ji S, Jiang M, Zhou B. Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Chinese patients with augmented renal clearance. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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9
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Valic MS, Zheng G. Research tools for extrapolating the disposition and pharmacokinetics of nanomaterials from preclinical animals to humans. Theranostics 2019; 9:3365-3387. [PMID: 31244958 PMCID: PMC6567967 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical step in the translational science of nanomaterials from preclinical animal studies to humans is the comprehensive investigation of their disposition (or ADME) and pharmacokinetic behaviours. Disposition and pharmacokinetic data are ideally collected in different animal species (rodent and nonrodent), at different dose levels, and following multiple administrations. These data are used to assess the systemic exposure and effect to nanomaterials, primary determinants of their potential toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. At toxic doses in animal models, pharmacokinetic (termed toxicokinetic) data are related to toxicologic findings that inform the design of nonclinical toxicity studies and contribute to the determination of the maximum recommended starting dose in clinical phase 1 trials. Nanomaterials present a unique challenge for disposition and pharmacokinetic investigations owing to their prolonged circulation times, nonlinear pharmacokinetic profiles, and their extensive distribution into tissues. Predictive relationships between nanomaterial physicochemical properties and behaviours in vivo are lacking and are confounded by anatomical, physiological, and immunological differences amongst preclinical animal models and humans. These challenges are poorly understood and frequently overlooked by investigators, leading to inaccurate assumptions of disposition, pharmacokinetic, and toxicokinetics profiles across species that can have profoundly detrimental impacts for nonclinical toxicity studies and clinical phase 1 trials. Herein are highlighted two research tools for analysing and interpreting disposition and pharmacokinetic data from multiple species and for extrapolating this data accurately in humans. Empirical methodologies and mechanistic mathematical modelling approaches are discussed with emphasis placed on important considerations and caveats for representing nanomaterials, such as the importance of integrating physiological variables associated with the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) into extrapolation methods for nanomaterials. The application of these tools will be examined in recent examples of investigational and clinically approved nanomaterials. Finally, strategies for applying these extrapolation tools in a complementary manner to perform dose predictions and in silico toxicity assessments in humans will be explained. A greater familiarity with the available tools and prior experiences of extrapolating nanomaterial disposition and pharmacokinetics from preclinical animal models to humans will hopefully result in a more straightforward roadmap for the clinical translation of promising nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Valic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA, M5G 1L7
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA, M5G 1L7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, and Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA, M5G 1L7
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10
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He H, Yuan D, Wu Y, Cao Y. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Modeling and Simulation Systems to Support the Development and Regulation of Liposomal Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E110. [PMID: 30866479 PMCID: PMC6471205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomal formulations have been developed to improve the therapeutic index of encapsulated drugs by altering the balance of on- and off-targeted distribution. The improved therapeutic efficacy of liposomal drugs is primarily attributed to enhanced distribution at the sites of action. The targeted distribution of liposomal drugs depends not only on the physicochemical properties of the liposomes, but also on multiple components of the biological system. Pharmacokinetic⁻pharmacodynamic (PK⁻PD) modeling has recently emerged as a useful tool with which to assess the impact of formulation- and system-specific factors on the targeted disposition and therapeutic efficacy of liposomal drugs. The use of PK⁻PD modeling to facilitate the development and regulatory reviews of generic versions of liposomal drugs recently drew the attention of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The present review summarizes the physiological factors that affect the targeted delivery of liposomal drugs, challenges that influence the development and regulation of liposomal drugs, and the application of PK⁻PD modeling and simulation systems to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Dongfen Yuan
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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11
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Lucas AT, Robinson R, Schorzman AN, Piscitelli JA, Razo JF, Zamboni WC. Pharmacologic Considerations in the Disposition of Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Preclinical Models and in Patients. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E3. [PMID: 31544809 PMCID: PMC6640706 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement in the development of therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), has created a novel mechanism to selectively deliver highly potent cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer. These agents provide numerous benefits compared to traditional small molecule drugs, though their clinical use still requires optimization. The pharmacology of mAbs/ADCs is complex and because ADCs are comprised of multiple components, individual agent characteristics and patient variables can affect their disposition. To further improve the clinical use and rational development of these agents, it is imperative to comprehend the complex mechanisms employed by antibody-based agents in traversing numerous biological barriers and how agent/patient factors affect tumor delivery, toxicities, efficacy, and ultimately, biodistribution. This review provides an updated summary of factors known to affect the disposition of mAbs/ADCs in development and in clinical use, as well as how these factors should be considered in the selection and design of preclinical studies of ADC agents in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Lucas
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ryan Robinson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Allison N Schorzman
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Joseph A Piscitelli
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Juan F Razo
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - William C Zamboni
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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12
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Malik P, Mukherjee TK. Recent advances in gold and silver nanoparticle based therapies for lung and breast cancers. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:483-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Yuan D, He H, Wu Y, Fan J, Cao Y. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:58-72. [PMID: 30385282 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are frequently designed to improve the pharmacokinetics profiles and tissue distribution of small molecules to prolong their systemic circulation, target specific tissue, or widen the therapeutic window. The multifunctionality of nanoparticles is frequently presented as an advantage but also results in distinct and complicated in vivo disposition properties compared with a conventional formulation of the same molecules. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has been a useful tool in characterizing and predicting the systemic disposition, target exposure, and efficacy and toxicity of various types of drugs when coupled with pharmacodynamic modeling. Here we review the unique disposition characteristics of nanoparticles, assess how PBPK modeling takes into account the unique disposition properties of nanoparticles, and comment on the applications and challenges of PBPK modeling in characterizing and predicting the disposition and biological effects of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfen Yuan
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Hua He
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
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14
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Rodallec A, Benzekry S, Lacarelle B, Ciccolini J, Fanciullino R. Pharmacokinetics variability: Why nanoparticles are not just magic-bullets in oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 129:1-12. [PMID: 30097227 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing nanoparticles to improve the specificity of anticancer agents towards tumor tissue and to better control drug delivery is a rising strategy in oncology. An increasing number of forms (e.g., conjugated nanoparticles, liposomes, immunoliposomes…) are now available on the shelves and numerous other scaffolds (e.g., dendrimeres, nanospheres, squalenes …) are currently at various stages of development. However, as of today most nanoparticles made available remain lipidic carriers. Pharmacokinetic variability is a major, yet largely underestimated issue with liposomal nanoparticles. A wide variety of causes (e.g., tumor type and disease staging, comorbidities, patient's immune system) can explain this variability, which can in return negatively impact pharmacodynamic endpoints such as poor efficacy or severe toxicities. This review aims to cover the main causes for erratic pharmacokinetics observed with most nanoparticles, especially liposomes used in oncology. Should the main causes of such variability be identified, specific studies in non-clinical or clinical development stages could be undertaken using dedicated models (i.e., mechanistic or semi-mechanistic mathematical models such as PBPK approaches) to better describe nanoparticles pharmacokinetics and decipher PK/PD relationships. In addition, identifying relevant biomarkers or parameters likely to impact nanoparticles pharmacokinetics would allow for either the modification of their characteristics to reduce the influence of the expected variability during development phases or the development of biomarker-based adaptive dosing strategies to maintain an optimal efficacy/toxicity balance. Broadly, we call for the development of comprehensive distribution studies and state-of-the-art modeling support to better understand and anticipate nanoparticle pharmacokinetics in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rodallec
- SMARTc unit, Center for Research on Cancer of Marseille (CRCM): UMR Inserm 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bruno Lacarelle
- SMARTc unit, Center for Research on Cancer of Marseille (CRCM): UMR Inserm 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- SMARTc unit, Center for Research on Cancer of Marseille (CRCM): UMR Inserm 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaelle Fanciullino
- SMARTc unit, Center for Research on Cancer of Marseille (CRCM): UMR Inserm 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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15
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Yaghi NK, Wei J, Hashimoto Y, Kong LY, Gabrusiewicz K, Nduom EK, Ling X, Huang N, Zhou S, Kerrigan BCP, Levine JM, Fajt VR, Levine G, Porter BF, Marcusson EG, Tachikawa K, Chivukula P, Webb DC, Payne JE, Heimberger AB. Immune modulatory nanoparticle therapeutics for intracerebral glioma. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:372-382. [PMID: 27765835 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previously we showed therapeutic efficacy of unprotected miR-124 in preclinical murine models of glioblastoma, including in heterogeneous genetically engineered murine models by exploiting the immune system and thereby negating the need for direct tumor delivery. Although these data were promising, to implement clinical trials, we required a scalable formulation that afforded protection against circulatory RNases. Methods We devised lipid nanoparticles that encapsulate and protect the miRs from degradation and provide enhanced delivery into the immune cell compartment and tested in vivo antitumor effects. Results Treatment with nanoparticle-encapsulated miR-124, LUNAR-301, demonstrated a median survival exceeding 70 days, with an associated reversal of tumor-mediated immunosuppression and induction of immune memory. In both canine and murine models, the safety profile of LUNAR-301 was favorable. Conclusions For the first time, we show that nanoparticles can direct a therapeutic response by targeting intracellular immune pathways. Although shown in the context of gliomas, this therapeutic approach would be applicable to other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser K Yaghi
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuuri Hashimoto
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ling-Yuan Kong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Konrad Gabrusiewicz
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edjah K Nduom
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Ling
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neal Huang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M Levine
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Virginia R Fajt
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Levine
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Brian F Porter
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - David C Webb
- Arcturus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Amy B Heimberger
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Stern ST, Martinez MN, Stevens DM. When Is It Important to Measure Unbound Drug in Evaluating Nanomedicine Pharmacokinetics? Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:1934-1939. [PMID: 27670412 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.073148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoformulations have become important tools for modifying drug disposition, be it from the perspective of enabling prolonged drug release, protecting the drug molecule from metabolism, or achieving targeted delivery. When examining the in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of these formulations, most investigations either focus on systemic concentrations of total (encapsulated plus unencapsulated) drug, or concentrations of encapsulated and unencapsulated drug. However, it is rare to find studies that differentiate between protein-bound and unbound (free) forms of the unencapsulated drug. In light of the unique attributes of these formulations, we cannot simply assume it appropriate to rely upon the protein-binding properties of the traditionally formulated or legacy drug when trying to define the pharmacokinetic or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of these nanoformulations. Therefore, this commentary explores reasons why it is important to consider not only unencapsulated drug, but also the portion of unencapsulated drug that is not bound to plasma proteins. Specifically, we highlight those situations when it may be necessary to include measurement of unencapsulated, unbound drug concentrations as part of the nanoformulation pharmacokinetic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan T Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (S.T.S., D.M.S.); and Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Rockville, Maryland (M.N.M.)
| | - Marilyn N Martinez
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (S.T.S., D.M.S.); and Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Rockville, Maryland (M.N.M.)
| | - David M Stevens
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (S.T.S., D.M.S.); and Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Rockville, Maryland (M.N.M.)
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17
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Abreu MD, Neto AC, Carvalho G, Casquillo NV, Carvalho N, Okuro R, Ribeiro GCM, Machado M, Cardozo A, Silva ASE, Barboza T, Vasconcellos LR, Rodrigues DA, Camilo L, Carneiro LDAM, Jandre F, Pino AV, Giannella-Neto A, Zin WA, Corrêa LHT, Souza MND, Carvalho AR. Does acute exposure to aldehydes impair pulmonary function and structure? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 229:34-42. [PMID: 27102012 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixtures of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and gasoline substituted for pure gasoline as a fuel in many Brazilian vehicles. Consequently, the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ketones, other organic compounds, and particularly aldehydes increased in many Brazilian cities. The current study aims to investigate whether formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, or mixtures of both impair lung function, morphology, inflammatory and redox responses at environmentally relevant concentrations. For such purpose, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either medical compressed air or to 4 different mixtures of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Eight hours later animals were anesthetized, paralyzed and lung mechanics and morphology, inflammatory cells and IL-1β, KC, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, MCP-1 contents, superoxide dismutase and catalalase activities were determined. The extra pulmonary respiratory tract was also analyzed. No differences could be detected between any exposed and control groups. In conclusion, no morpho-functional alterations were detected in exposed mice in relation to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Abreu
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Alcendino Cândido Neto
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Natalia Vasconcelos Casquillo
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Niedja Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Renata Okuro
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Motta Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Aléxia Cardozo
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Aline Santos E Silva
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barboza
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil; Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Imunology Institute, Paulo Góes Mycrobiology Institute, Brazil
| | - Danielle Araujo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Imunology Institute, Paulo Góes Mycrobiology Institute, Brazil
| | - Luciana Camilo
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Leticia de A M Carneiro
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Imunology Institute, Paulo Góes Mycrobiology Institute, Brazil
| | - Frederico Jandre
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Biomedics Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre V Pino
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Biomedics Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Giannella-Neto
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos Corrêa
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Marcio Nogueira de Souza
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Biomedics Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil.
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18
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Lucas AT, Madden AJ, Zamboni WC. Challenges in preclinical to clinical translation for anticancer carrier-mediated agents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:642-53. [PMID: 26846457 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Major advances in carrier-mediated agents (CMAs), which include nanoparticles and conjugates, have revolutionized drug delivery capabilities over the past decade. While providing numerous advantages over their small-molecule counterparts, there is substantial variability in how individual CMA formulations and patient characteristics affect the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) (efficacy and toxicity) of these agents. Development or selection of animal models is used to predict the effects within a particular human disease. A breadth of studies have begun to emphasize the importance of preclinical animal models in understanding and evaluating the interaction between CMAs and the immune system and tumor matrix, which ultimately influences CMA PK (clearance and distribution) and PD (efficacy and toxicity). It is fundamental to study representative preclinical tumor models that recapitulate patients with diseases (e.g., cancer) and evaluate the interplay between CMAs and the immune system, including the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), chemokines, hormones, and other immune modulators. Furthermore, standard allometric scaling using body weight does not accurately predict drug clearance in humans. Future studies are warranted to better understand the complex pharmacology and interaction of CMA carriers within individual preclinical models and their biological systems, such as the MPS and tumor microenvironment, and their application to allometric scaling across species. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:642-653. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1394 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Lucas
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Madden
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William C Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Institute for NanoMedicine, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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19
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Whitley MJ, Cardona DM, Lazarides AL, Spasojevic I, Ferrer JM, Cahill J, Lee CL, Snuderl M, Blazer DG, Hwang ES, Greenup RA, Mosca PJ, Mito JK, Cuneo KC, Larrier NA, O'Reilly EK, Riedel RF, Eward WC, Strasfeld DB, Fukumura D, Jain RK, Lee WD, Griffith LG, Bawendi MG, Kirsch DG, Brigman BE. A mouse-human phase 1 co-clinical trial of a protease-activated fluorescent probe for imaging cancer. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:320ra4. [PMID: 26738797 PMCID: PMC4794335 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Local recurrence is a common cause of treatment failure for patients with solid tumors. Intraoperative detection of microscopic residual cancer in the tumor bed could be used to decrease the risk of a positive surgical margin, reduce rates of reexcision, and tailor adjuvant therapy. We used a protease-activated fluorescent imaging probe, LUM015, to detect cancer in vivo in a mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and ex vivo in a first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial. In mice, intravenous injection of LUM015 labeled tumor cells, and residual fluorescence within the tumor bed predicted local recurrence. In 15 patients with STS or breast cancer, intravenous injection of LUM015 before surgery was well tolerated. Imaging of resected human tissues showed that fluorescence from tumor was significantly higher than fluorescence from normal tissues. LUM015 biodistribution, pharmacokinetic profiles, and metabolism were similar in mouse and human subjects. Tissue concentrations of LUM015 and its metabolites, including fluorescently labeled lysine, demonstrated that LUM015 is selectively distributed to tumors where it is activated by proteases. Experiments in mice with a constitutively active PEGylated fluorescent imaging probe support a model where tumor-selective probe distribution is a determinant of increased fluorescence in cancer. These co-clinical studies suggest that the tumor specificity of protease-activated imaging probes, such as LUM015, is dependent on both biodistribution and enzyme activity. Our first-in-human data support future clinical trials of LUM015 and other protease-sensitive probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodi Javid Whitley
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Medical Science Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Diana M Cardona
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. PK/PD Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Joan Cahill
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dan G Blazer
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rachel A Greenup
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Paul J Mosca
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Mito
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Medical Science Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kyle C Cuneo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicole A Larrier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erin K O'Reilly
- Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Regulatory Affairs Group, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Richard F Riedel
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William C Eward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Brian E Brigman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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20
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Knapp CM, Whitehead KA. In pursuit of a moving target: nanotherapeutics for the treatment of non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1923-37. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.945419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Correlating animal and human phase Ia/Ib clinical data with CALAA-01, a targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle containing siRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11449-54. [PMID: 25049380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411393111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based experimental therapeutics are currently being investigated in numerous human clinical trials. CALAA-01 is a targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle containing small interfering RNA (siRNA) and, to our knowledge, was the first RNA interference (RNAi)-based, experimental therapeutic to be administered to cancer patients. Here, we report the results from the initial phase I clinical trial where 24 patients with different cancers were treated with CALAA-01 and compare those results to data obtained from multispecies animal studies to provide a detailed example of translating this class of nanoparticles from animals to humans. The pharmacokinetics of CALAA-01 in mice, rats, monkeys, and humans show fast elimination and reveal that the maximum concentration obtained in the blood after i.v. administration correlates with body weight across all species. The safety profile of CALAA-01 in animals is similarly obtained in humans except that animal kidney toxicities are not observed in humans; this could be due to the use of a predosing hydration protocol used in the clinic. Taken in total, the animal models do appear to predict the behavior of CALAA-01 in humans.
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22
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Cheng Y, Morshed RA, Auffinger B, Tobias AL, Lesniak MS. Multifunctional nanoparticles for brain tumor imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 66:42-57. [PMID: 24060923 PMCID: PMC3948347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that often carry a poor prognosis for patients. Despite tremendous efforts to develop diagnostic tools and therapeutic avenues, the treatment of brain tumors remains a formidable challenge in the field of neuro-oncology. Physiological barriers including the blood-brain barrier result in insufficient accumulation of therapeutic agents at the site of a tumor, preventing adequate destruction of malignant cells. Furthermore, there is a need for improvements in brain tumor imaging to allow for better characterization and delineation of tumors, visualization of malignant tissue during surgery, and tracking of response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Multifunctional nanoparticles offer the potential to improve upon many of these issues and may lead to breakthroughs in brain tumor management. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of nanoparticles for brain tumors with an emphasis on innovative approaches in tumor targeting, tumor imaging, and therapeutic agent delivery. Clinically feasible nanoparticle administration strategies for brain tumor patients are also examined. Furthermore, we address the barriers towards clinical implementation of multifunctional nanoparticles in the context of brain tumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ramin A Morshed
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brenda Auffinger
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex L Tobias
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Bertrand N, Wu J, Xu X, Kamaly N, Farokhzad OC. Cancer nanotechnology: the impact of passive and active targeting in the era of modern cancer biology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 66:2-25. [PMID: 24270007 PMCID: PMC4219254 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1854] [Impact Index Per Article: 185.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanotherapeutics are progressing at a steady rate; research and development in the field has experienced an exponential growth since early 2000's. The path to the commercialization of oncology drugs is long and carries significant risk; however, there is considerable excitement that nanoparticle technologies may contribute to the success of cancer drug development. The pace at which pharmaceutical companies have formed partnerships to use proprietary nanoparticle technologies has considerably accelerated. It is now recognized that by enhancing the efficacy and/or tolerability of new drug candidates, nanotechnology can meaningfully contribute to create differentiated products and improve clinical outcome. This review describes the lessons learned since the commercialization of the first-generation nanomedicines including DOXIL® and Abraxane®. It explores our current understanding of targeted and non-targeted nanoparticles that are under various stages of development, including BIND-014 and MM-398. It highlights the opportunities and challenges faced by nanomedicines in contemporary oncology, where personalized medicine is increasingly the mainstay of cancer therapy. We revisit the fundamental concepts of enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) and explore the mechanisms proposed to enhance preferential "retention" in the tumor, whether using active targeting of nanoparticles, binding of drugs to their tumoral targets or the presence of tumor associated macrophages. The overall objective of this review is to enhance our understanding in the design and development of therapeutic nanoparticles for treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bertrand
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Caron WP, Lay JC, Fong AM, La-Beck NM, Kumar P, Newman SE, Zhou H, Monaco JH, Clarke-Pearson DL, Brewster WR, Van Le L, Bae-Jump VL, Gehrig PA, Zamboni WC. Translational studies of phenotypic probes for the mononuclear phagocyte system and liposomal pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:599-606. [PMID: 24042160 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.208801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As nanoparticles (NPs) are cleared via phagocytes of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), we hypothesized that the function of circulating monocytes and dendritic cells (MO/DC) in blood can predict NP clearance (CL). We measured MO/DC phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mice, rats, dogs, and patients with refractory solid tumors. Pharmacokinetic studies of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-encapsulated liposomal doxorubicin (PEGylated liposomal doxirubicin [PLD]), CKD-602 (S-CKD602), and cisplatin (SPI-077) were performed at the maximum tolerated dose. MO/DC function was also evaluated in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) administered PLD. Across species, a positive association was observed between cell function and CL of PEGylated liposomes. In patients with EOC, associations were observed between PLD CL and phagocytosis (R(2) = 0.43, P = 0.04) and ROS production (R(2) = 0.61, P = 0.008) in blood MO/DC. These findings suggest that probes of MPS function may help predict PEGylated liposome CL across species and PLD CL in patients with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney P Caron
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (W.P.C., P.K., S.E.N., W.C.Z.), School of Medicine (J.C.L., A.M.F., D.L.C.-P., W.R.B., L.V.L., V.L.B.-J., P.A.G.), Department of Biostatistics (H.Z., J.H.M.), Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.L.C.-P., W.R.B., L.V.L., V.L.B.-J., P.A.G., W.C.Z.), Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy (W.C.Z.), Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (W.C.Z.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, St. Amarillo, Texas (N.M.L.-B.); and North Carolina Biomedical Innovation Network, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (W.C.Z.)
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Dual Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Liposomal and Nonliposomal Amphotericin B Disposition. Pharm Res 2013; 31:35-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Caron WP, Morgan KP, Zamboni BA, Zamboni WC. A Review of Study Designs and Outcomes of Phase I Clinical Studies of Nanoparticle Agents Compared with Small-Molecule Anticancer Agents. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3309-15. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zamboni WC, Torchilin V, Patri AK, Hrkach J, Stern S, Lee R, Nel A, Panaro NJ, Grodzinski P. Best practices in cancer nanotechnology: perspective from NCI nanotechnology alliance. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3229-41. [PMID: 22669131 PMCID: PMC3916007 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Historically, treatment of patients with cancer using chemotherapeutic agents has been associated with debilitating and systemic toxicities, poor bioavailability, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, on the other hand, can specifically target cancer cells while avoiding their healthy neighbors, avoid rapid clearance from the body, and be administered without toxic solvents. They hold immense potential in addressing all of these issues, which has hampered further development of chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, such drug delivery systems will lead to cancer therapeutic modalities that are not only less toxic to the patient but also significantly more efficacious. In addition to established therapeutic modes of action, nanomaterials are opening up entirely new modalities of cancer therapy, such as photodynamic and hyperthermia treatments. Furthermore, nanoparticle carriers are also capable of addressing several drug delivery problems that could not be effectively solved in the past and include overcoming formulation issues, multidrug-resistance phenomenon, and penetrating cellular barriers that may limit device accessibility to intended targets, such as the blood-brain barrier. The challenges in optimizing design of nanoparticles tailored to specific tumor indications still remain; however, it is clear that nanoscale devices carry a significant promise toward new ways of diagnosing and treating cancer. This review focuses on future prospects of using nanotechnology in cancer applications and discusses practices and methodologies used in the development and translation of nanotechnology-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Zamboni
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, UNC Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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