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Stoyanova E, Mihaylova N, Ralchev N, Bradyanova S, Manoylov I, Raynova Y, Idakieva K, Tchorbanov A. Immunotherapeutic Potential of Mollusk Hemocyanins in Murine Model of Melanoma. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:220. [PMID: 38786612 PMCID: PMC11122751 DOI: 10.3390/md22050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antitumor drugs and therapy requires new approaches and molecules, and products of natural origin provide intriguing alternatives for antitumor research. Gastropodan hemocyanins-multimeric copper-containing glycoproteins have been used in therapeutic vaccines and antitumor agents in many cancer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a murine model of melanoma by challenging C57BL/6 mice with a B16F10 cell line for solid tumor formation in experimental animals. The anticancer properties of hemocyanins isolated from the marine snail Rapana thomasiana (RtH) and the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa (HaH) were evaluated in this melanoma model using various schemes of therapy. Flow cytometry, ELISA, proliferation, and cytotoxicity assays, as well as histology investigations, were also performed. RESULTS Beneficial effects on tumor growth, tumor incidence, and survival of tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice after administration of the RtH or HaH were observed. The generation of high titers of melanoma-specific IgM antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tumor-specific CTLs, and high levels of tumor-infiltrated M1 macrophages enhanced the immune reaction and tumor suppression. DISCUSSION Both RtH and HaH exhibited promising properties for applications as antitumor therapeutic agents and future experiments with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Stoyanova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Nikolina Mihaylova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Nikola Ralchev
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Silviya Bradyanova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Iliyan Manoylov
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Yuliana Raynova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.R.); (K.I.)
| | - Krassimira Idakieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.R.); (K.I.)
| | - Andrey Tchorbanov
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
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Stoyanova E, Mihaylova N, Ralchev N, Ganova P, Bradyanova S, Manoylov I, Raynova Y, Idakieva K, Tchorbanov A. Antitumor Properties of Epitope-Specific Engineered Vaccine in Murine Model of Melanoma. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060392. [PMID: 35736195 PMCID: PMC9227764 DOI: 10.3390/md20060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding new effective compounds of natural origin for composing anti-tumor vaccines is one of the main goals of antitumor research. Promising anti-cancer agents are the gastropodan hemocyanins-multimeric copper-containing glycoproteins used so far for therapy of different tumors. The properties of hemocyanins isolated from the marine snail Rapana thomasiana (RtH) and the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa (HaH) upon their use as carrier-proteins in conjugated vaccines, containing ganglioside mimotope GD3P4 peptide, were studied in the developed murine melanoma model. Murine melanoma cell line B16F10 was used for solid tumor establishment in C57BL/6 mice using various schemes of therapy. Protein engineering, flow cytometry, and cytotoxicity assays were also performed. The administration of the protein-engineered vaccines RtH-GD3P4 or HaH-GD3P4 under the three different regimens of therapy in the B16F10 murine melanoma model suppressed tumor growth, decreased tumor incidence, and prolonged the survival of treated animals. The immunization of experimental mice induced an infiltration of immunocompetent cells into the tumors and generated cytotoxic tumor-specific T cells in the spleen. The treatment also generates significantly higher levels of tumor-infiltrated M1 macrophages, compared to untreated tumor-bearing control mice. This study demonstrated a promising approach for cancer therapy having potential applications for cancer vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Stoyanova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Nikolina Mihaylova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Nikola Ralchev
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Petya Ganova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Silviya Bradyanova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Iliyan Manoylov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Yuliana Raynova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.R.); (K.I.)
| | - Krassimira Idakieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.R.); (K.I.)
| | - Andrey Tchorbanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 359-2-979-6357; Fax: +359-2-870-0109
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Quinn EA, Malkin SH, Rowley AF, Coates CJ. Laccase and catecholoxidase activities contribute to innate immunity in slipper limpets, Crepidula fornicata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 110:103724. [PMID: 32360226 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata is an invasive, non-native, marine species found throughout the coastal waters of southern England and Wales, UK. These limpets are considered to blight commercial shellfish banks, notably oysters, yet little is known about their disease-carrying capacity or their immunobiology. To address the latter, we isolated haemolymph (blood) from limpets and tested for the presence of the immune-enzyme phenoloxidase. Invertebrate phenoloxidases produce melanic polymers from simple phenolic substrates, which are deployed in the presence of pathogens because of their potent microbicidal and microbiostatic properties. We used a series of established substrates (e.g., tyrosine, hydroquinone) and inhibitors (e.g., 4-hexylresorcinol, benzoic acid) to target three distinct enzymes: laccase (para-diphenoloxidase), catecholoxidase (ortho-diphenoloxidase) and tyrosinase (monophenoloxidase). We confirmed laccase and catecholoxidase activities and characterised their kinetic properties across temperature and pH gradients (5-70 °C and 5-10, respectively). Crucially, we demonstrated that products derived from such laccase and catecholoxidase activities reduced significantly the numbers of colony-forming units of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. We further screened limpet tissues for signs of melanin using wax histology, and found cells replete with eumelanin-like pigments and lipofuscin in the digestive gland, connective tissues, barrier epithelia and gills. Our data represent the first account of enzyme-based antibacterial defences, notably laccase, in C. fornicata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Quinn
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Sophie H Malkin
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew F Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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Todinova S, Raynova Y, Idakieva K. Calorimetric Study of Helix aspersa Maxima Hemocyanin Isoforms. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:8450792. [PMID: 29686932 PMCID: PMC5857327 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8450792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The thermal unfolding of hemocyanin isoforms, β-HaH and αD+N -HaH, isolated from the hemolymph of garden snails Helix aspersa maxima, was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). One transition, with an apparent transition temperature (Tm ) at 79.88°C, was detected in the thermogram of β-HaH in 20 mM HEPES buffer, containing 0.1 M NaCl, 5 mM CaCl2, and 5 mM MgCl2, pH 7.0, at scan rate of 1.0°C min-1. By means of successive annealing procedure, two individual transitions were identified in the thermogram of αD+N -HaH. Denaturation of both hemocyanins was found to be an irreversible process. The scan-rate dependence of the calorimetric profiles indicated that the thermal unfolding of investigated hemocyanins was kinetically controlled. The thermal denaturation of the isoforms β-HaH and αD+N -HaH was described by the two-state irreversible model, and parameters of the Arrhenius equation were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetla Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bl. 21, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Yuliana Raynova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bl. 9, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Idakieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bl. 9, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
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Differential Protein Expression in the Hemolymph of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos Infected with Opisthorchis viverrini. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005104. [PMID: 27893749 PMCID: PMC5125571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos is a freshwater snail that serves as the first intermediate host of the human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. This parasite is a major public health problem in different countries throughout the Greater Mekong sub-region (Thailand, southern Vietnam, Lao PDR and Cambodia). Chronic O. viverrini infection also results in a gradual increase of fibrotic tissues in the biliary tract that are associated with hepatobiliary diseases and contribute to cholangiocarcinoma (a fatal type of bile duct cancer). Infectivity of the parasite in the snail host is strongly correlated with destruction of helminths by the snail's innate immune system, composed of cellular (hemocyte) and humoral (plasma) defense factors. To better understand this important host-parasite interface we applied sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) to identify and quantify the proteins from the hemolymph of B. siamensis goniomphalos experimentally infected with O. viverrini and compare them to non-infected snails (control group). A total of 362 and 242 proteins were identified in the hemocytes and plasma, respectively. Of these, 145 and 117 proteins exhibited significant differences in expression upon fluke infection in hemocytes and plasma, respectively. Among the proteins with significantly different expression patterns, we found proteins related to immune response (up-regulated in both hemocyte and plasma of infected snails) and proteins belonging to the structural and motor group (mostly down-regulated in hemocytes but up-regulated in plasma of infected snails). The proteins identified and quantified in this work will provide important information for the understanding of the factors involved in snail defense against O. viverrini and might facilitate the development of new strategies to control O. viverrini infection in endemic areas.
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Chen J, Yu X, Huang Y. Inhibitory mechanisms of glabridin on tyrosinase. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 168:111-117. [PMID: 27288962 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin in the human body. Overproduction of melanin could lead to a variety of skin disorders. Glabridin, an isoflavan, isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn, has exhibited several pharmacological activities, including excellent inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. In this paper, the inhibitory kinetics of glabridin on tyrosinase and their binding mechanisms were determined using spectroscopic, zebrafish model and molecular docking techniques. The results indicate that glabridin reversibly inhibits tyrosinase in a noncompetitive manner through a multiphase kinetic process with the IC50 of 0.43μmol/L. It has been shown that glabridin had a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of tyrosinase mainly through a static quenching procedure, suggesting a stable glabridin-tyrosinase complex may be generated. The results of molecular docking suggest that glabridin did not directly bind to the active site of tyrosinase. Moreover, according to the results of zebrafish model system, glabridin shows no effects on melanin synthesis in zebrafish but presents toxicity to zebrafish embryo. The possible inhibitory mechanisms, which will help to design and search for tyrosinase inhibitors especially for glabridin analogues, were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical and Medical technology, Putian University, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiaojing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Medical technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Medical technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
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Structural insights into the interaction between molluscan hemocyanins and phenolic substrates: An in silico study using docking and molecular dynamics. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 61:272-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Inhibition effects of benzylideneacetone, benzylacetone, and 4-phenyl-2-butanol on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 119:275-9. [PMID: 25441446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) is the key enzyme of melanin synthesis and fruit-vegetable browning. The inhibition of benzylideneacetone, benzylacetone, and 4-phenyl-2-butanol on mushroom tyrosinase was first investigated. The results shown that these three compounds could effectively inhibit the enzyme activity sharply and the inhibitory effects were determined to be reversible. Their inhibitor concentrations leading to 50% activity lost values were determined to be 1.5, 2.8, and 1.1 mM for monophenolase and 2.0, 0.6, and 0.8 mM for diphenolase, respectively. For the monophenolase activity, all of these three compounds were mixed-type inhibitors, however, only 4-phenyl-2-butanol obviously lengthened the lag time. For the diphenolase activity, benzylideneacetone and benzylacetone were mixed-type inhibitors, while 4-phenyl-2-butanol was a noncompetitive type inhibitor. In conclusion, these compounds exhibited potent antityrosinase activities. This research would provide scientific evidence for the use of benzylideneacetone, benzylacetone, and 4-phenyl-2-butanol as antityrosinase agents.
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Coates CJ, Nairn J. Diverse immune functions of hemocyanins. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 45:43-55. [PMID: 24486681 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence gathered recently has revealed the multiple functionalities of hemocyanin. Contrary to previous claims that this ancient protein is involved solely in oxygen transport within the hemolymph of invertebrates, hemocyanin and hemocyanin-derived peptides have been linked to key aspects of innate immunity, in particular, antiviral and phenoloxidase-like activities. Both phenoloxidase and hemocyanin belong to the family of type-3 copper proteins and share a high degree of sequence homology. While the importance of phenoloxidase in immunity and development is well characterised, the contribution of hemocyanin to biological defence systems within invertebrates is not recognised widely. This review focusses on the conversion of hemocyanin into a phenoloxidase-like enzyme and the array of hemocyanin-derived immune responses documented to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Coates
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Jacqueline Nairn
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
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