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Martins SR, de Araújo AJ, Wehrmeister FC, Freitas BM, Basso RG, Santana ANC, Santos UDP. Prevalence and associated factors of experimentation with and current use of water pipes and electronic cigarettes among medical students: a multicentric study in Brazil. J Bras Pneumol 2023; 49:e20210467. [PMID: 36700569 PMCID: PMC9970372 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with experimentation with and current use of water pipes and e-cigarettes among medical students. METHODS This was a cross-sectional multicentric study involving a convenience sample of students from medical schools in most Brazilian geographic regions. Information about experimentation with and current use of conventional cigarettes, water pipes, and e-cigarettes; beliefs and attitudes toward tobacco products; religiosity; and demographics were collected by means of an online structured questionnaire. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyze the association of those factors. RESULTS Our sample comprised 700 individuals from four Brazilian regions. Prevalence of experimentation with and current use of cigarettes, water pipes, and e-cigarettes were, respectively, 39.1% and 7.9%; 42.6% and 11.4%; and 13.1% and 2.3%. Water pipe experimentation was higher among those who had a sibling (adjusted OR = 2.64; 95% CI, 1.24-5.61) or friends (adjusted OR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.63-3.31) who smoke. The same occurred regarding e-cigarette experimentation: siblings (adjusted OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.17-6.50) and friends (adjusted OR = 2.47; 95% CI, 1:45-4.22). Curiosity and scent/taste were the major reasons for water pipe use and e-cigarette experimentation. Although 93% of the responders learned about health damages of smoking during medical school classes, 51.4% reported having experimented with at least one of these tobacco products. Most responders who reported feeling the presence of God/the Holy Spirit in their lives were never experimenters of water pipes (59.2%) or e-cigarettes (55.3%). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of experimentation with tobacco products among medical students whose siblings or friends smoke, despite their knowledge about smoking harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Regina Martins
- . Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | | | - Fernando C Wehrmeister
- . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas (RS) Brasil
| | - Beatriz Martins Freitas
- . Curso de Medicina, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | | | - Alfredo Nicodemos Cruz Santana
- . Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, Brasília (DF) Brasil.,. Núcleo Avançado de Tórax, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília (DF) Brasil
| | - Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- . Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
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Bringing Treatment to the Patients: Community-Based Tobacco-Dependence Treatment and Interventions. Respir Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24914-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Li SD, Lu J, Chen Y. The Relationship between Christian Religiosity and Adolescent Substance Use in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11233. [PMID: 36141506 PMCID: PMC9517101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abundant research has shown that Christian religiosity inhibits adolescent substance use, especially in communities where most of the population shares the same religious values and beliefs. Due to the lack of empirical research, it is unclear if Christian religiosity has the same inhibitory influence in predominantly secular and religiously diverse societies. This study aims to bridge this gap and thereby improve our understanding of the relationship between Christian religiosity and delinquent behavior in different cultural contexts. Through the analysis of survey data collected from a large probability sample of adolescents in China's special administrative region of Macau, this study found a strong inverse relationship between Christian religiosity and adolescent substance use, despite the predominantly secular nature of Macau society. In contrast, religious commitment among non-Christian youths showed no relationship with substance use. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiyi Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +853-8609-0226
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Rios LE, Freire MDCM. Religiosity is Associated with Motivation to Start and Stop Smoking Among Adolescent Students in Brazil. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:4467-4479. [PMID: 33909196 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate associations between adolescents' religiosity and their motivation to start and stop smoking. A school survey was carried out in Midwestern Brazil. Participants were never-smokers (n = 2073) and smokers (n = 116) aged 13-19 who answered a questionnaire. Religiosity was measured with the Duke Religion Index, and motivation with questions based on the Prime Theory of Motivation. Organizational, non-organizational, and intrinsic religiosity were associated with motivation to start smoking among never-smokers. Intrinsic religiosity was associated with smokers' motivation to quit. Findings indicate the protective role of religiosity in the motivational system that prompts smoking initiation and cessation during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Essado Rios
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Ave Universitária, s/n, Goiânia, GO, 74605-020, Brazil.
- Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology (IFG), Ave Universitária, s/n, Inhumas, GO, 75402-556, Brazil.
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Resilience as a Mediator of the Association between Spirituality and Self-Management among Older People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121631. [PMID: 34946360 PMCID: PMC8700824 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between spirituality and self-management among older people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The participants were 151 older people with COPD in four general hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. Data were collected from September 2020 to May 2021 using a questionnaire developed by the investigator, the Function Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Scale (FACIT-SP-12), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and COPD Self-Management Scale (CSMS). One-way ANOVA and t-test were used to compare the level of self-management in patients with different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between spirituality, resilience, and self-management. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the contribution of spirituality and resilience to the prediction of self-management. A bootstrapping test was implemented using the SPSS PROCESS macro to test the statistical significance of the mediating effect. There was a pairwise positive correlation between spirituality, resilience, and self-management. Resilience mediated the relationship between spirituality and self-management. These findings suggested that resilience interventions could be incorporated into future COPD self-management interventions to better improve self-management and health outcomes. Moreover, resilience should be an important component of healthy aging initiatives.
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Bayani AA, Esmaeili R, Ganji G. The Impact of Fasting on the Psychological Well-Being of Muslim Graduate Students. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:3270-3275. [PMID: 30523485 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-00740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of fasting on the psychological well-being of Muslim graduate students. In a single-group pretest posttest research design, students who intended to fast in the month of Ramadan were asked to respond to a psychological well-being scale and its subscales before and after the end of fasting month of Ramadan. Findings show that fasting led to the promotion of overall psychological well-being, self-acceptance, autonomy, positive relations, environmental mastery, and personal growth among students who fasted in this month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Bayani
- Department of Education and Psychology, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Golestan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Robabeh Esmaeili
- Department of Education and Psychology, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Golestan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Ganji
- Department of Human Sciences, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Golestan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Hussain M, Walker C, Moon G. Smoking and Religion: Untangling Associations Using English Survey Data. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:2263-2276. [PMID: 28667475 PMCID: PMC6842333 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
While factors affecting smoking are well documented, the role of religion has received little attention. This national study aims to assess the extent to which religious affiliation is associated with current-smoking and ever-smoking, controlling for age, sex, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Variations between adult and youth populations are examined using secondary analysis of individual-level data from 5 years of the Health Survey for England for adult (aged >20, n = 39,837) and youth (aged 16-20, n = 2355) samples. Crude prevalence statistics are contrasted with binary logistic models for current-smoking and ever-smoking in the adult and youth samples. Analyses suggest that Muslims smoke substantially less than Christians. Highest levels of smoking characterise people not professing any religion. Associations between smoking and the Muslim religion attenuate to statistical insignificance in the face of ethnic and socio-economic factors. An association between smoking and the absence of a religious affiliation is sustained. An understanding of the association between smoking and religion is essential to the development of tobacco control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlie Walker
- Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham Moon
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK.
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Smoking in the temple of the holy spirit? Geographic location matters. Health Place 2019; 58:102139. [PMID: 31154161 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking at a young age poses significant risks to one's health and is linked with a wide range of deviant conducts. While prior research has looked into the ways in which individual religious characteristics may influence smoking, much less is known about how the overall religious context in which individuals are embedded may affect smoking during adolescence and early adulthood. In this study, multilevel regression analyses were used on nationally representative panel data to explore this understudied area. The results suggest that when a county has higher population share of conservative Protestants, youth living there are more likely to smoke. A similar robust relationship is also found for county-level mainline Protestant population share and smoking. By simultaneously examining both the individual and contextual religious effects on smoking, this study contributes to a renewed, more comprehensive understanding of an important public health and youth deviance issue.
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Gergianaki I, Kampouraki M, Williams S, Tsiligianni I. Assessing spirituality: is there a beneficial role in the management of COPD? NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2019; 29:23. [PMID: 31138810 PMCID: PMC6538715 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-019-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here,we report on the role of spirituality assessment in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although a positive effect of addressing spirituality in health care has been proved in a number of chronic diseases, its potential in COPD has received less attention. Although limited, available evidence suggests that spirituality may play an important role in improving quality of life of patients with COPD. The fruitful results in other long-term conditions may lay the foundation for further research on addressing spirituality in COPD. This should focus where the burden of COPD is greatest, including low-resource settings globally. Implementation research should include exploration of an acceptable consultation process to identify patients who would welcome spiritual discussions; how to integrate spiritual approaches into health care professional curricula so that they are aware of its importance and have the confidence to raise it with patients and how to integrate spiritual approaches into holistic COPD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Gergianaki
- Health Planning Unit, Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Siân Williams
- International Primary Care Respiratory Group, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tsiligianni
- Health Planning Unit, Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece. .,International Primary Care Respiratory Group, London, UK.
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Alexander AC, Obong'o CO, Chavan P, Vander Weg MW, Ward KD. Applying the Problem Behavior Theory to Adolescent Drug Use Among a Cross-Sectional Sample of Boys Participating in a Community-Based Youth Organization. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:610-621. [PMID: 28910186 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1349802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug use remains an important public health concern in the United States, and understanding drug use among young adolescents is vital towards improving the health of the population. OBJECTIVE This study applied the Problem Behavior Theory (PBT) to lifetime drug use among a cross-sectional sample of Boy Scouts (N = 770). The PBT provides a conceptual framework for identifying risk and protective factors for adolescent problem behaviors, including drug use. METHODS Scouts reported their drug use and socio-demographics, and were assessed on several risk and protective factors. For analyses, sociodemographic and risk and protective factors were selected according to the framework provided by PBT, and use of each drug was regressed logistically on these selected factors. Final logistic models were assessed for goodness of fit and discriminatory power. RESULTS The PBT demonstrated discriminatory power for all drugs (Tjur's R2 values ≥.29), but fell sharply for illicit drug use (Tjur's R2 =.20). There were no consistent correlates of drug use. Conclusions/Importance: The PBT had less explanatory power for illicit drug use compared to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana, which suggests different risk and protective factors were associated with illicit drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Alexander
- a School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | | | - Prachi Chavan
- a School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Mark W Vander Weg
- b Center for Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation , Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System , Iowa City , Iowa , USA.,c Department of Internal Medicine , University of Iowa College of Medicine , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- a School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
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Martinez EZ, Giglio FM, Terada NAY, da Silva AS, Zucoloto ML. Smoking Prevalence Among Users of Primary Healthcare Units in Brazil: The Role of Religiosity. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:2180-2193. [PMID: 28342142 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study is to examine the association between religious involvement and tobacco use in a large representative sample of users of primary healthcare units of Ribeirão Preto, Southeast Brazil. Current and past smoking habits were determined among 1055 users of primary healthcare units. Participants' religiosity was measured using the DUREL questionnaire. The prevalence of smoking among men was 16.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.0-22.5] and among women was 12.6% (95% CI 10.4-15.0). Among the current smokers, 40.9% were light smokers, 24.6% were moderate smokers, and 34.5% were heavy smokers. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 13.5. Respondents who have a religion had a lower smoking prevalence than people who had no religion. Current smoking prevalence tended to be higher among people who do not practice their religion than people who practice their religion. Smoking status is also associated with self-reported religiosity, organizational religious activity and some aspects of intrinsic religiosity. Religiosity is an important factor in influencing the smoking behavior in Brazilian users of the public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Masili Giglio
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Akemi Yamada Terada
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Soares da Silva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Miriane Lucindo Zucoloto
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
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