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Khabiri R, Jahangiry L, Abbasian M, Majidi F, Farhangi MA, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Ponnet K. Spiritually Based Interventions for High Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02034-3. [PMID: 38565834 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritually based interventions on blood pressure (BP) among adults. A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to identify studies evaluating spiritual interventions, including meditation, transcendental meditation, mindfulness meditation, and yoga, for high BP among adults up to January 1, 2022. The inclusion criteria were (a) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), (b) studies in English or Persian, (c) studies conducted among adults (≥ 18 years), and (d) studies reporting systolic or diastolic BP. Given the high heterogeneity of these studies, a random effect model was used to calculate the effect sizes for the RCTs. In total, the systematic review included 24 studies and the meta-analysis included 23 studies. As some of studies reported two or more outcome measurements, separate estimates of each outcome were extracted for that study (24 datasets). Fifteen trials reported the mean (SD) systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 13 trials reported the mean (SD) diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In addition, 13 studies reported means (SDs) and six trials reported mean changes in DBP. A significant decrease was found in systolic BP following intervention ((WMD (weighted mean difference) = - 7.63 [- 9.61 to - 5.65; P < 0.001]). We observed significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 96.9; P < 0.001). A significant decrease was observed in DBP following the interventions (WMD = - 4.75 [- 6.45 to - 3.05; P < 0.001]). Spiritually based interventions including meditation and yoga had beneficial effects in reducing both SBP and DBP. Reducing BP can be expected to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Khabiri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Jahangiry
- Health Education and Health Promotion Department, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Abbasian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Geriatric Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatollah Majidi
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Koen Ponnet
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Imec-Mict-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Dehghankar L, Valinezhad S, Amerzadeh M, Zarabadi Poor F, Hosseinkhani Z, Motalebi SA. Relationship between perceived social support and disability with the mediating role of perceived stress among older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:276. [PMID: 38509480 PMCID: PMC10956299 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support is essential for individuals to cope with difficult circumstances. Older adults with disabilities face significant challenges in engaging with everyday activities. The current study examines the mediating role of perceived stress in the association between perceived social support and disability among Iranian community-dwelling older adults. METHODS In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 300 older adults were selected using cluster sampling from January to June 2022. The data were collected using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2), and the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14). The collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in Mplus. RESULTS The mean age of older adults was 68.71 ± 6.13 years, ranging from 60 to 85 years old. The results of this study revealed a significant relationship between perceived social support and disability (β=-0.20, SE = 0.06, p < 0.001) and perceived stress and disability (β = 0.50, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001). The results also confirmed the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between perceived social support and disability (β=-0.17, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results indicated that increasing social support could reduce disability by decreasing perceived stress. These results have important implications for policymakers and healthcare professionals in promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Dehghankar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saman Valinezhad
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amerzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Zarabadi Poor
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseinkhani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Li Y, Zeng X, Chen M, Hu Y, Wu J, Lu W, Liu J, Yang Q, Zhang L. Association between spiritual care competency and perceived professional benefit among nurses: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:3368-3377. [PMID: 36064199 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the status quo of nurses' spiritual care competency and their relationship with perceived professional benefit. BACKGROUND Spiritual care has always been considered a vitally important part of holistic nursing. Understanding the spiritual care competency of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic can help nursing managers understand the weak links in spiritual care practice and improve the quality of nursing service. As a positive emotional experience and cognitive evaluation of the profession, perceived professional benefit can serve to adjust work pressure, relieve job burnout, and promote an individual's overall growth. However, the relationship between perceived professional benefit among nurses and spiritual care competency remains unclear. METHODS A total of 372 nurses were recruited from 15 separate Chinese hospitals. An online questionnaire was used to assess nurses' sociodemographic, spiritual care competency, and perceived professional benefit. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation analysis, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis. RESULTS The total mean score of spiritual care competency (99.43 ± 21.10) among nurses was found to be moderate. Nurses' spiritual care competency was positively correlated with perceived professional benefit (P < .01). The multiple stepwise linear regression model (n = 372) had an explained variance (R2 = 0.218) and showed that perceived professional benefit and the manner of receiving spiritual training were the main influencing factors of nurses' spiritual care competency (P < .001). CONCLUSION The study findings indicated that nurses need to improve their spiritual care competency by improving their perceived professional benefit. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGERS Our study evaluated the spiritual care competency of nurses and explored the correlation between perceived professional benefit and spiritual care competency among nurses. The results of this study can help nursing managers to carry out relevant interventions, thus improving nurses' spiritual care competency and optimizing the quality of nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjia Li
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoying Zeng
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanli Hu
- College of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jue Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weinan Lu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kuepfer J, Schmidt A, O’Connor TSJ, James M. Promise, Provision, and Potential: A Hopeful Trajectory for Spiritual Care in Long-Term Care. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2022; 76:105-113. [PMID: 35379026 PMCID: PMC9158234 DOI: 10.1177/15423050221090870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This Canadian study aimed to better understand the provision of spiritual care in long-term care homes, its purpose/importance, the role of a spiritual care provider (SCP)/chaplain, effective practices, and challenges. Online survey responses revealed the need for spiritual care and the robust role of SCPs. Recommendations are made for more consistent employ and integration of SCPs, supported by sector-specific training and a system to connect LTC homes with skilled SCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kuepfer
- Jane Kuepfer, Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging and Conrad Grebel University College, University of Waterloo, 2353 Line 40, RR 1 Stratford, ON, N5A 6S2, Waterloo, Canada.
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Jadidi A, Khatiban M, Oshvandi K, Khodaveisi M, Maghsoudi Z, Razavi M. Transcendence, the Most Important Spiritual Need of Muslim Older Adults: A Content Analysis Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:1529-1547. [PMID: 35028812 PMCID: PMC8758234 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare providers agree that promoting spirituality among older adults while caring for them increases their quality of life. However, there is little knowledge about the spiritual needs of the elderly, especially in the Muslim community. This qualitative study attempted to explore the spiritual needs of Muslim older adults. Fifteen non-hospitalized Muslim older adults from Hamadan City, Iran, were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews were analyzed using conventional content analysis. After identifying semantic units from the text, related codes were extracted and placed in subcategories and categories based on their similarities. Once the data were analyzed, one theme was formed. The study's findings showed that the spiritual needs of older adults fell into three main categories: religious needs, the need for transcendence, and the need for connection. Religious needs included subcategories of religious practices and beliefs, and the need for transcendence included the search for meaning and purpose in life, and the need for peace and stability and balance. Also, the need for connection included the need to connect with nature and connect with others. Healthcare professionals and family caregivers should be trained in the specific competence of recognizing older people's unmet spiritual needs and fulfilling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jadidi
- School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khatiban
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Department of Ethics Education in Medical Sciences, & Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khodayar Oshvandi
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Khodaveisi
- Chronic Disease (Home Care) Research Center, Community Health Nursing Department, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Maghsoudi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Razavi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Guelmami N, Tannoubi A, Chalghaf N, Saidane M, Kong J, Puce L, Fairouz A, Bragazzi NL, Alroobaea R. Latent Profile Analysis to Survey Positive Mental Health and Well-Being: A Pilot Investigation Insight Tunisian Facebook Users. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:824134. [PMID: 35463494 PMCID: PMC9021554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.824134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine mental health during COVID-19 peaks, lockdown, and times of curfew, many studies have used the LPA/LCA person-centered approach to uncover and explore unobserved groups. However, the majority of research has focused only on negative psychological concepts to explain mental health. In this paper, we take another perspective to explore mental health. In addition, the study focuses on a period of peak decline in the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The present paper aim (a) empirically identifies different profiles among a cohort of Facebook users in Tunisia based on positive factors of mental health using a person-centered approach, (b) outline identified profiles across sociodemographic, internet use, and physical activity, and (c) establish predictors of these profiles. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected through an online survey among 950 Facebook users were female (n = 499; 52.53%) and male (n = 451; 47.47) with an average age =31.30 ± 9.42. Subjects filled Arabic version of Satisfaction with Life Scale, Scale of Happiness (SWLS), Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the Spirituel Well-Being Scale (SWBS). RESULTS The LPA results revealed three clusters. The first cluster (n = 489, 51,47%) contains individuals who have low scores on the positive psychology scales. The second cluster (n = 357, 37,58%) contained individuals with moderate positive psychology scores. However, a third cluster (n = 104, 10,95%) had high positive psychology scores. The selected variables in the model were put to a comparison test to ensure that the classification solution was adequate. Subsequently, the clusters were compared for the variables of socio-demographics, use of the internet for entertainment and physical activity, the results showed significant differences for gender (low mental well-being for the female gender), socio-economic level (low for the low-income class), and physical activity (low mental well-being for the non-exerciser). However, no significant differences were found for the variables age, location, and use of the Internet for entertainment. CONCLUSION Our results complement person-centered studies (LPA/LCA) related to the COVID-19 pandemic and can serve researchers and mental health practitioners in both diagnostic and intervention phases for the public. In addition, the GQ6 scale is a valid and reliable tool that can be administered to measure gratitude for culturally similar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomen Guelmami
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Amayra Tannoubi
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia.,Department of Human Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nasr Chalghaf
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Human Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Saidane
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Jude Kong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Puce
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Azaiez Fairouz
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Human Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roobaea Alroobaea
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Aloustani S, Hajibeglo A, Yazarlo M, Gharrehtapeh SR. The Effect of Religion Therapy on the Elderly Cognitive Status. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:2066-2076. [PMID: 31485880 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The elderly is passing from a stage to another new stage of life, with cognitive changes and a reduction in the physiological functions of this age. With increasing age, spiritual needs and attitudes increase. So, this study was conducted aimed to investigate the effect of group spiritual therapy on the cognitive state of the elderly. This experimental study was conducted in two experimental and control groups on 50 elderly people in Golestan Province in 2012, by simple random sampling. Data collection tool was Mini-Mental State Examination. In the experimental group, eight group therapy sessions were performed for 45-60 min a week twice. The data were analyzed by software SPSS-16 using descriptive statistics (mean score and SD) and inferential statistics (paired t test, independent t test and covariance test). Independent t test before the intervention in both groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.52). But this test showed a significant difference after the intervention (P < 0.01). Also, ANCOVA test showed a significant difference in both groups (η = 0.26) (P < 0/01) . Regarding the effect of group spiritual therapy on the cognitive state of the elderly, it can be used as a complementary, low cost and effective method for improving the cognitive state of the elderly. For this reason, it is recommended because spiritual therapy creates the concept and meaning of life and increases the life expectancy and quality of life in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Aloustani
- Department of Nursing, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
| | - Azam Hajibeglo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Yazarlo
- Department of Nursing, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Chang W, Peng Y. Differences between fixed day shift nurses and rotating and irregular shift nurses in work-related musculoskeletal disorders: A literature review and meta-analysis. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12208. [PMID: 33682989 PMCID: PMC7938703 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are common occupational injuries for nurses. Furthermore, rotating and irregular shift work may exacerbate muscle tension and pain in nurses. The objective of this study was to examine the differences between fixed day shift (FDS) nurses and rotating and irregular shift (RS + IS) nurses in WMSDs using a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS Databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published between 2010 and 2020 using the target keywords. RESULTS This study obtained data on a total of 18 199 nurses, among which 12 786 comprised the RS + IS group and 5413 constituted the FDS group. The result of the heterogeneity test was Q = 79.27 (P < .001) and I squared = 57.11%, indicating that heterogeneity existed among the studies. Subgroup analyses were also conducted with four groups: neck pain (n = 1818), shoulder and upper limb pain (n = 2525), back pain (n = 11 962), and hip and lower limb pain (n = 1894). Significant differences were found between the RS + IS group and the FDS group with regard to back pain, with the forest plot presenting an odds ratio equaling 1.40 (95% CI: 1.19-1.64, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicated that RS + IS nurses are more likely to experience back pain associated with WMSD than are FDS nurses. The results can serve as a reference to the clinical management for work improvement and thereby reduce or prevent the adverse effects of rotating and irregular shift work on back pain experienced by nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Pei Chang
- School of NursingCollege of NursingTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Xuan Peng
- Department of NursingCollege of NursingTzu Chi UniversityHualienTaiwan
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Hatefi M, Parvizi R, Borji M, Tarjoman A. Effect of Self-Management Program on Pain and Disability Index in Elderly Men with Osteoarthritis. Anesth Pain Med 2019; 9:e92672. [PMID: 31750095 PMCID: PMC6820295 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.92672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease of the joints, leading to decreased function and disability. Objectives The study aimed to investigate the effect of self-management (SM) program on disability index and pain in aging men with knee OA. Methods The study included an SM group and a control group. Given the sample size of the previous studies, 83 patients were recruited. The study tools included a demographic profile questionnaire, visual analogue scale (VAS), and HAQ 8-item DI. The intervention included 10 SM sessions for patients in the SM group (8 sessions of in-person intervention and 2 sessions of telephone intervention). Patients were placed in groups of 7, and the sessions were held weekly each for a period of 45 to 60 minutes. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests by SPSS V. 16 software. Results The two groups(SM and control group) were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). The mean (SD) disability score was 19.12 (1.92) in the SM group before the intervention, which reduced to 14.70 (1.63) after the intervention (P = 0.000, T = 10.02). The mean (SD) pain score, was 9.19 (0.71) in the SM group before the intervention, which reduced to 6.48 (0.84) after the intervention (P = 0.000, T = 18.15). Conclusions Training can help patients perform SM measures and improve their health status by enhancing the information needed for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hatefi
- School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Reza Parvizi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Milad Borji
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asma Tarjoman
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Tel: +98-9183404704,
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