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Karatana Ö, Yıldız B. The Relationship Between Religious Coping, Spirituality, and Disease Self-Management Among Parkinson's Patients in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:2125-2139. [PMID: 37985590 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Religion and spirituality can be important motivational tools in the management of Parkinson's disease. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious coping methods, spirituality, and disease self-management levels in Parkinson's patients. This descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with 294 Parkinson's patients. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and structural equation modeling were used in the analysis of the data. This study showed that Parkinson's patients adopted both positive and negative religious coping styles, demonstrated good levels of spirituality, and had high levels of disease self-management. A statistically significant relationship was found between the positive and negative religious coping levels of Parkinson's patients and their levels of spirituality and disease self-management (p < 0.05). Health professionals may consider and support Parkinson's patients' use of religion as a coping mechanism, as this may help manage Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baykal Yıldız
- Kocaeli Darıca Farabi Training and Research Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey
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2
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Lynn CD, Schell LM. Why religion and spirituality are important in human biological research. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24106. [PMID: 38767192 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of human biology includes exploration of all the genetic and environmental influences on human variation and life history, including impacts of sociocultural and physical environments. Religious practice and spirituality may be one of these influences. There are more than 5.8 billion religiously affiliated adults and children, accounting for 84% of the world's 6.9 billion people. Furthermore, 70% of Americans consider themselves spiritual in some way, including 22% who do not consider themselves religious, and the numbers for Europe are lower but proportionally similar. Such a high rate of religious affiliation and spiritual belief suggests that religion and spirituality could be sociocultural influences on human variation, but human biologists have scarcely attended to their impacts, as indicated by the limited numbers of relevant articles in the two flagship human biology journals. In this article, we discuss why human biologists may have overlooked this important force for human variability and highlight foundational work from human biology and other disciplines that can give our colleagues directions forward. We review the impacts of religion and spirituality at population and individual levels and call for human biologists to attend to the many aspects of religion and spirituality that can impact human biology and are much more than simply influences of denominational affiliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Lynn
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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Mameniškienė R, Kizlaitienė R, Kaladytė Lokominienė R, Puteikis K. Belief in omens and superstitions among patients with chronic neurological disorders. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1331254. [PMID: 38525335 PMCID: PMC10958788 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1331254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic neurological disorders may affect various cognitive processes, including religiosity or superstitious belief. We investigated whether superstitious beliefs are equally prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), people with epilepsy (PWE), patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls (HCs). Methods From late 2014 to early 2023 we conducted a cross-sectional in-person anonymous paper-based survey at the tertiary clinic of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos among outpatients and HCs by asking them to ascribe meaning or report belief for 27 culturally adapted statements (9 omens and 18 superstitions). The sum of items that a respondent believes in was labeled the superstition index (SI). The SI was compared between groups by means of the Kruskal-Wallis (H) test and negative binomial regression modeling. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to discern different subgroups based on answers to the items of the SI. Results There were 553 respondents who completed the questionnaire (183 PWE, 124 patients with PD, 133 with MS and 113 HCs). Complete SI scores were collected for 479 (86.6%) participants and they were lower in patients with PD (n = 96, Md = 1, IQR = 0-5.75) in comparison to those with epilepsy (n = 155, Md = 6, IQR = 1-14), MS (n = 120, Md = 4, IQR = 0-12) or HCs (n = 108, Md = 4.5, IQR = 1-10), H (3) = 26.780, p < 0.001. In a negative binomial regression model (n = 394, likelihood ratio χ2 = 35.178, p < 0.001), adjusted for sex, place of residence, income and education, female sex was the only characteristic associated with the SI (β = 0.423, OR = 1.526, 95% CI = 1.148 to 2.028). Both female sex (β = 0.422, OR = 1.525, 95% CI = 1.148 to 2.026) and Parkinson's disease (β = -0.428, OR = 0.652, 95% CI = 0.432 to 0.984) were significant predictors of the SI when age was removed from the model. Two-step cluster analysis resulted in individuals with PD being grouped into "extreme non-believer," "non-believer" and "believer" rather than "non-believer" and "believer" clusters characteristic for PWE, patients with MS and HCs. Conclusion Our study suggests that individuals with PD believe in less superstitions than patients with MS, PWE or HCs. The results of this investigation should be independently confirmed after adjusting for PD-specific variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rūta Mameniškienė
- Centre for Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Kizlaitienė
- Centre for Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Béres A. Religion, Spirituality, and Health Revisited: Bringing Mainline Western Protestant Perspectives Back into the Discourse-Theology's "Seat at the Table". JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:46-62. [PMID: 37584894 PMCID: PMC10861603 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Theological perspectives have been given short shrift in the literature on religion and health research. This study demonstrates how including different schools of mainline Western Protestant theological thought (evolutionist, correlationist, and dialectical) in the scientific process could contribute to clarifying controversies. The issue is not just theoretical: Theology can even challenge assumptions on elicitability and reproducibility. Theology perceives spirituality as a dialogue with the Total Other, thus making each encounter with the transcendent (not just the individuality of the person) unique and unpredictable. By accepting setbacks on a journey with wide-ranging aspirations, theology redefines health as the momentum of constant striving toward the divine spirit. Since these theological insights relate to interventions that affect patients' intimacy, attempting to recognize the (albeit implicit) spiritual-theological standpoint of the patient and the self-and how these relate to authentic traditions of spirituality-appears to be an essential prerequisite for ethical spiritual intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Béres
- Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Tallián Gy. 20-32, 7400, Kaposvár, Somogy County, Hungary.
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Paal P, Avión Martínez S, Lorenzl S, Goldzweig G. A Rejoinder to Otaiku: Religiosity and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in England and the USA-The Health Determinants of Spirituality, Religiosity and the Need for State of the Art Research. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:4209-4214. [PMID: 36607565 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This rejoinder refers to the research of Otaiku (J Religion Health 1-17, 2022), which concluded that low religiosity in adulthood is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Although Otaiku points to a number of limitations of their own research and thus clearly qualifies that further work is needed to verify the findings, a number of concerns still need to be raised about this research. Five points are highlighted in this article, namely (1) it is not clear why and how the variables of religiosity and spirituality were combined; (2) it is not reported whether other variables were tested; (3) they refer to the four different groups of how religiosity plays a role, which include extremely small samples of 11, 16, 25, 22 participants, (4) the final conclusion is based only on the two extreme groups with Parkinson's disease, (5) it remains unclear whether all patients had Parkinson's disease. Consequently, we are of opinion that Otaiku's findings and conclusions are questionable, but agree that future studies are warranted that require state-of-the-art research. [Note: A detailed response to this rejoinder has been provided in a subsequent commentary; Koenig (Journal Religion Health 62, 2023)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Piret Paal
- Institute of Palliative Care, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | | | - Stefan Lorenzl
- Institute of Palliative Care, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gil Goldzweig
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Israel
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Basas AA, Gozum IEA. Reimagining a Healthcare Ethics for Persons with Parkinson's Disease: Fostering Compassionate Care Through a Culture of Encounter. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:4244-4259. [PMID: 37776391 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper delves into the potential of Pope Francis' Culture of Encounter (CoE) to establish an ethical foundation that undergirds pastoral and health care for persons with Parkinson's Disease (PD), their family members, and caregivers. To achieve this goal, this paper explores the following key themes: First, an in-depth examination of the documented experiences of persons with PD and their families and caregivers. PD, an ailment deemed incurable by medical experts, profoundly impacts the well-being of patients and significantly influences the lives of their family members and caregivers. Second, Pope Francis' CoE teaches fraternal openness and orients people to acknowledge, appreciate, and love one another. Patterned after Christ's compassion, CoE underscores that no one is useless and expendable. Third, CoE furnishes an ethical framework for pastoral care extended to individuals with PD, their families, and caregivers. According to Pope Francis, CoE's effectiveness and positive outcomes restore people and circumstances to their rightful positions - reinstating the dignity of living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan A Basas
- Institute of Religion, University of Santo Tomas, 1008, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines
- Center for Theology, Religious Studies, and Ethics, University of Santo Tomas, 1008, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ivan Efreaim A Gozum
- Institute of Religion, University of Santo Tomas, 1008, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines.
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, 1008, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines.
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Seshadri S, Sugiura K, Mirham M, Aamodt WW, Kluger BM. Spirituality and Spiritual Distress in Parkinson's Disease Caregivers: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:4222-4243. [PMID: 37702853 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite recognition that spiritual concerns contribute to caregiver burden, little is known about spirituality, spiritual well-being, and spiritual distress in Parkinson's disease caregivers. In this scoping review of the literature through October 2022, we searched PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, and CINAHL. From an initial pool of 328 studies, 14 were included. Caregiver factors (e.g., depression, age) and patient factors (e.g., faith, motor function) affected caregiver spirituality and spiritual well-being. Caregivers experienced loss of meaning, existential guilt, and loneliness, and coped through acquiescence, cultural beliefs, prayer, and gratitude. Future research should focus on the specific spiritual needs of Parkinson's disease caregivers and interventions to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, CU 420694, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Kei Sugiura
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, CU 420694, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Miray Mirham
- School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Whitley W Aamodt
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benzi M Kluger
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, CU 420694, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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Koenig HG. A Response to the Paal et al. Rejoinder: Religiosity and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in England and the USA. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:4215-4221. [PMID: 36607566 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This commentary provides a response to the rejoinder by Paal et al. (Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01726-y , 2023), regarding the research of Otaiku (Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01603-8 , 2022) "Religiosity and risk of Parkinson's disease in England and the USA." After providing a brief overview of Otaiku's work, the commentary then addresses each of Paal et al.'s arguments. While agreeing that more research needs to be undertaken, this commentary concludes that Otaiku's research findings are well founded, suggesting that greater religiosity may lower the risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Duke University Health Systems, Box 3400, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Deparrtment of Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health, Duke University Health Systems, Box 3400, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Ghourchian S, Gruber-Baldini AL, Shakya S, Reich SG, von Coelln R, Savitt JM, Shulman LM. Spirituality in Parkinson's Disease within a Sample from the USA. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:4177-4191. [PMID: 37099054 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality and religious beliefs are important for coping with medical conditions. The dopaminergic system is involved in reward behavior, and its dysfunction in Parkinson Disease (PD) raises questions about religiosity and spirituality in people with PD. This study examines the association between levels of spirituality and religiosity and the severity of PD motor and non-motor symptoms. The secondary aim investigates the perceived impact of PD diagnosis on spirituality and religiosity. This was a cross-sectional analysis of demographic, physical, mental, and spirituality and religiosity status in patients with PD recruited for the Health Outcomes Measurement (HOME) Study at the University of Maryland Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Baltimore, USA. Spirituality and religiosity were assessed using the Spiritual Well-being Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Spiritual Religious and Personal Belief field-test instrument. The sample size was 85 PD patients. The mean age (standard deviation) was 65.5 (9.4) years and 67.1% were male. Higher levels of spirituality and religiosity were associated with younger age, sex (female), less education, religious affiliation (Christian), and mental health status. After adjusting for age, education, gender, race, marital status, religion, physical health, mental health, and comorbidity, only anxiety was associated with all of the spirituality/religiosity assessments. The majority of patients reported no change in their religious or spiritual beliefs following diagnosis. Greater spirituality and religiosity were associated with less anxiety. Also, younger women with PD showed higher levels of spirituality and religiosity. Longitudinal studies on more diverse populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Ghourchian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry College of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Ann L Gruber-Baldini
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunita Shakya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen G Reich
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Rainer von Coelln
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Joseph M Savitt
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Lisa M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA.
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Carey LB, Hill T, Koenig HG, Drummond D, Gabbay E, Cohen J, Aiken C, Paal P. Suicide, Moral Injury, Parkinson's Disease, Diabetes and Dialysis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3703-3708. [PMID: 37947998 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This issue of JORH presents the first of a two-part series specifically exploring suicide. Research relating to moral injury is also included-a topic which has previously been discussed within earlier editions of JORH and an issue that is increasingly recognised as being associated with suicide. Other topic areas explored within this issue are Parkinson's Disease, Diabetes, and Haemodialysis. Finally, readers are once again reminded of the 9th European Congress on Religion, Spirituality and Health (ECRSH) to be held in May 2024, 16-18th at the Paracelsus Medical University in Salzburg, Austria. We would also like to announce a proposed inaugural International Moral Injury and Wellbeing Conference (IMIWC), 19-20 September 2024, Brisbane Exhibition and Convention Centre, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Carey
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Institute for Ethics and Society, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Terrence Hill
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Health Systems, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health Systems, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ezra Gabbay
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Hospital Medicine Section, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffery Cohen
- School of Medicine (Sydney), University of Notre Dame Australia and St Vincent's Private Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl Aiken
- Emeritus Chaplain, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Drew University, Madison, USA
| | - Piret Paal
- Institute for Palliative Care, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
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Carey LB, Cohen J, Gabbay E, Koenig HG, Hill T, Aiken C, Drummond D, Carey JR. Pediatrics, Students, Allied Health and COVID-19. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:743-747. [PMID: 36871100 PMCID: PMC9985472 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This second issue of JORH for 2023 considers research relating to (1) pediatrics, (2) students, (3) various allied health professions and their related practices, and lastly, (4) COVID-19. An additional reminder is also provided to readers on the call for papers regarding a future issue on "Religion, Spirituality, Suicide, and its Prevention", as well as a new call for papers with respect to "Spiritual Care for People with Parkinson's Disease and their Caregivers".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B. Carey
- Public Health Palliative Care Unit, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Centre for Spiritually, Theology and Health, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Institute for Ethics and Society, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Jeffrey Cohen
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW Australia
- St Vincent’s Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Ezra Gabbay
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Harold G. Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Duke University Health Systems, Durham, NC USA
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Terrence Hill
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Carl Aiken
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, SA Australia
- Drew University Alumni, Maddison, NJ USA
| | | | - Jacinda R. Carey
- Public Health Palliative Care Unit, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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