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Xu X, Wu Y, Xu Y, Ding M, Zhou S, Long S. The Role of Parent-Child Attachment, Hostile Attribution Bias in Aggression: A Meta-Analytic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2334-2347. [PMID: 37970850 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231210920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Parent-Child Attachment (PCA) and Hostile Attribution Bias (HAB) are closely related to aggression, but findings regarding their relationships are inconsistent. There is a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanism between PCA and aggression. This review employed meta-analysis approaches to investigate the associations between PCA and aggression, as well as between HAB and aggression, and the mechanism for the PCA-aggression association. An article search was conducted in CNKI, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Totally, 118 studies involving general populations and those at high risk for aggression were included. Results revealed negative associations between Parent-Child Attachment Security (PCAS) and aggression (ρ = -.267, p < .001) and positive associations between Parent-Child Attachment Insecurity (PCAI) and aggression (ρ = .240, p < .05). HAB and aggression were found to be positively associated (ρ = .303, p < .001). As for the PCAS-aggression association, a larger effect size was found in females than in males. The HAB-reactive aggression association was stronger than the HAB-proactive aggression association. In Eastern culture, the association between HAB and aggression was stronger than in Western culture. HAB mediated the association between PCAS and aggression. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the occurrence and development of aggression by establishing an association between attachment theory and the social information processing model. The practical implications include interventions targeting cultivating PCAS and alleviating HAB, which might serve as effective ways to reduce aggression, yet aggression type, gender, and cultural background should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizheng Xu
- Department of Management, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, China
| | - Yunpeng Wu
- School of Teacher Education, Dezhou University, China
| | - Yawen Xu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Senlin Zhou
- Department of Management, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, China
| | - Simin Long
- Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Elzy MB, Keaton A, Bogus M, Raymond K. Emotional Invalidation and Relationship Quality: A Mediational Model Through a Social Learning Lens. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241259670. [PMID: 38870395 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241259670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
While we know childhood experiences are influential on a child's later socioemotional awareness and behavior, we are still searching for specific mechanisms that influence the transferability of childhood experiences and adult relationship functioning. In this study, we seek to further this area of investigation by examining the interpretation of ambiguous social interactions and perceptions of emotional invalidation as potential mediators of the relationship between perceptions of childhood emotional invalidation and current relationship quality. Participants completed online measures of hostile intent attributions, perceptions of childhood emotional invalidation, and current relationship quality with a significant other. They read emotionally provocative interpersonal scenarios and then reported likely emotionally invalidating reactions from their significant other to measure current perceptions of emotional invalidation. Results supported our hypotheses that perceptions of current emotional invalidation in a close, personal relationship would mediate the relationship between perceptions of childhood maternal emotional invalidation and both current relationship support and relationship conflict. Furthermore, the strength of this mediational pathway outweighed the influence of a more general hostile attribution bias. These findings have implications for prevention and intervention strategies designed to enhance interpersonal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith B Elzy
- Department of Psychology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ashton Keaton
- Department of Psychology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Bogus
- Department of Psychology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kristen Raymond
- Department of Psychology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
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Li D, Coker B, Rowe AC. Validation of a new assessment of hostile attribution bias in romantic relationships: The Hostile Attributions in Romantic Relationships Test. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:328-347. [PMID: 38361214 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
While hostile attributional bias (a tendency to interpret others' behaviors as intentionally hostile) is associated with negative outcomes in romantic relationships, no measure has been developed specifically for this context. Here, we describe the development and validation of a self-report questionnaire across three studies, named Hostile Attribution in Romantic Relationships Test. Study 1 introduces the development and preliminary validation (N = 152). Study 2 tests the validity and test-retest stability of the modified version revised based on findings in Study 1 (N = 151). Study 3 reports the translation and validation of a Chinese version (N = 630). The final 9-vignette scale is the first to specifically measure hostile attribution bias in romantic relationships, with good internal reliability, test-retest stability, and convergent validity. Factor analysis reveals a three-factor structure reflecting direct hostile attribution, indirect hostile attribution, and benign attribution to partners' behaviors. Implications regarding couple dynamics and clinical therapeutic interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Angela C Rowe
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Janković M, Van Boxtel G, Bogaerts S. Does sports participation affect the mediating role of impulsivity in the association between adverse childhood experiences and aggression? Front Psychol 2024; 14:1234910. [PMID: 38259561 PMCID: PMC10800594 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1234910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and self-reported aggression have often been associated, however, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. In addition, less is known about potential factors that could serve as protection against the development of aggressive behavior. In this study, we investigated a moderated mediation model of sports participation and five impulsivity traits including positive and negative urgency, sensation seeking, and lack of premeditation and perseverance, in the association between ACEs and two forms of aggression. Methods and results The sample comprised 651 (68.5% females) individuals from a Dutch community ranging in age from 18 to 82 years (M = 34.08). Contrary to our expectations, sports participation did not affect the associations of ACEs, the five impulsivity traits, and reactive and proactive aggression, except the association between ACEs and lack of premeditation. Specifically, the detrimental effect of ACEs on the propensity to act without thinking, increases among individuals with lower levels of sports participation. In addition, it was also found that sports participation directly contributed to higher levels of sensation seeking. Finally, after controlling for sociodemographic variables, the positive association between ACEs and reactive aggression was significantly mediated by negative urgency, lack of perseverance, and lack of premeditation, while the positive association between ACEs and proactive aggression was significantly mediated by lack of premeditation and positive urgency. Conclusion The findings of this study add to the body of knowledge about the role of sports participation and impulsivity traits in the development of both forms of aggression, however, replication studies among multiple populations are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Janković
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation (FARID), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Geert Van Boxtel
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation (FARID), Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Swit CS, Harty SC. Normative Beliefs and Aggression: The Mediating Roles of Empathy and Anger. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01558-1. [PMID: 37347363 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined a two-mediator model with both empathy and anger as mediators in the association between children's normative beliefs about aggression and forms (relational and physical) and functions (reactive and proactive) of aggressive behavior. Ninety-eight children (54% males, Mage=46.21months, SD = 8.84months) reported their approval of relationally and physically aggressive behaviors depicted in iconic (animation) and enactive (toy figurines) hypothetical scenarios. Children's aggression, empathy and anger were measured using teacher reports. No main effects of normative beliefs about aggression on the corresponding aggressive behavior were found. Normative beliefs about aggression were negatively associated with empathy and empathy was significantly associated with relational aggression, suggesting that developing social emotional processes mediate the relation between social cognitions and aggression. Anger was associated with aggression, but not normative beliefs about aggression. The findings provide support for the distinction between subtypes of aggressive behavior in young children and the developing social-cognitive and affective processes that influence these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara S Swit
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand.
| | - Seth C Harty
- Faculty of Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Colton KC, Godleski SA, Crane CA. Applying a bifactor model to the functions of relational aggression: Associations with hostile attribution biases and difficulties with emotion regulation. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:58-67. [PMID: 36153837 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that reactive and proactive aggression likely have distinct underlying mechanisms that uniquely contribute to the perpetration of each as a result of faulty cognitive and emotional processes. Still, very little work has examined the association of the functions of relational aggression with emotion dysregulation and hostile attribution biases. In addition, it is important to examine relational aggression in its pure and co-occurring functions given that past work finds reactive and proactive aggression to occur both jointly and distinctly. Thus, the current study employed a bifactor model to distinguish between pure reactive, pure proactive, and co-occurring relational aggression in emerging adulthood (N = 647, Mage = 19.92, SD = 2.83), a developmental time period for which relational aggression is particularly prominent. To further address gaps in the relational aggression literature, indirect pathway models revealed that relational hostile attribution biases emerged as a concurrent indirect path in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and pure reactive relational aggression. Furthermore, emotion dysregulation was directly positively associated with both pure functions as well as co-occurring relational aggression, and hostile attribution biases for relational provocations were directly associated with both pure functions of relational aggression, though the association was negative for pure proactive and positive for pure reactive relational aggression. Findings highlight the potential influence of emotion dysregulation and attributing hostile intent to social situations on engaging in the different functions of relational aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassidy C Colton
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie A Godleski
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Cory A Crane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
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Nikolic M, Pezzoli P, Jaworska N, Seto MC. Brain responses in aggression-prone individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of anger- and aggression-eliciting tasks. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110596. [PMID: 35803398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive aggression in response to perceived threat or provocation is part of humans' adaptive behavioral repertoire. However, high levels of aggression can lead to the violation of social and legal norms. Understanding brain function in individuals with high levels of aggression as they process anger- and aggression-eliciting stimuli is critical for refining explanatory models of aggression and thereby improving interventions. Three neurobiological models of reactive aggression - the limbic hyperactivity, prefrontal hypoactivity, and dysregulated limbic-prefrontal connectivity models - have been proposed. However, these models are based on neuroimaging studies involving mainly non-aggressive individuals, leaving it unclear which model best describes brain function in those with a history of aggression. We conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed and Psycinfo) and Multilevel Kernel Density meta-analysis (MKDA) of nine functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies (eight included in the between-group analysis [i.e., aggression vs. control groups], five in the within-group analysis). Studies examined brain responses to tasks putatively eliciting anger and aggression in individuals with a history of aggression alone and relative to controls. Individuals with a history of aggression exhibited greater activity in the superior temporal gyrus and in regions comprising the cognitive control and default mode networks (right posterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, precuneus, right inferior frontal gyrus) during reactive aggression relative to baseline conditions. Compared to controls, individuals with a history of aggression exhibited increased activity in limbic regions (left hippocampus, left amygdala, left parahippocampal gyrus) and temporal regions (superior, middle, inferior temporal gyrus), and reduced activity in occipital regions (left occipital cortex, left calcarine cortex). These findings lend support to the limbic hyperactivity model in individuals with a history of aggression, and further indicate altered temporal and occipital activity in anger- and aggression-eliciting conditions involving face and speech processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Nikolic
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Patrizia Pezzoli
- University College London, London, United Kingdom; University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael C Seto
- University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Godleski SA, Murray‐Close D. Assessment of hostile intent attributions across escalating conflict stories. Aggress Behav 2022; 49:249-260. [PMID: 36480691 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests the importance of intent attributions in the development and maintenance of aggressive behavior. The primary purpose of the current study was to develop a measure assessing increases in attributions of hostility in response to escalating social conflict scenarios that were relational and instrumental in nature and to determine whether hostility trajectories were associated with relevant social experiences and behavior. A sample of primarily emerging adults (n = 750; M age = 19.97, SD = 3.60; 49.4% women, 48.3% men, 2.3% nonbinary or transgender; 69.9% Caucasian) responded to surveys regarding social behavior, peer victimization, and reports of hostile attribution biases in addition to the developed measure. Findings indicated that individuals adjusted their intent attributions across the conflict escalation stories, as reflected in linear increases in hostility ratings. Hostile attribution trajectories were also related to hostile attribution biases, peer victimization, and social behavior, including physical and relational aggression and prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianna Murray‐Close
- Department of Psychological Science The University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
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9
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Brown S, Fite PJ, Bortolato M. The mediating role of impulsivity in the associations between child maltreatment types and past month substance use. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 128:105591. [PMID: 35306342 PMCID: PMC9119917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment has emerged as an important risk factor for substance use. However, despite evidence consistently demonstrating that substance use peaks during emerging adulthood, less is known about the specificity of maltreatment effects on substance use during this critical developmental period. Further, the factors that might play a role in these associations are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The current study examined the associations between child maltreatment types (i.e., physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect) and past month marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco use among emerging adults, and tested whether impulsivity accounted for these associations. METHODS Participants were 500 emerging adults ranging in age between 18 and 25 years old (M = 18.96, SD = 1.22, 49.6% male) recruited from a large, public university in the Midwest United States. RESULTS Tests of indirect effects suggested that impulsivity accounted for associations between emotional abuse and past month marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Current findings provide support for impulsivity as a mechanism linking childhood emotional abuse to substance use among emerging adults, highlighting the need for targeted screening and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaquanna Brown
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA; Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Paula J Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA; Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Acland EL, Jambon M, Malti T. Children's emotion recognition and aggression: A multi-cohort longitudinal study. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:646-658. [PMID: 34369593 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Difficulty recognizing negative emotions (NEs) in children is linked to increased antisocial traits and externalizing problems. However, crucial aspects of this relation remain unclear, such as: whether NE recognition is associated with externalizing problems in general or only a particular subcomponent (i.e., aggression); whether subcomponents of NE recognition (i.e., insensitivity and misspecifications) are relatively more important; and how these relations change over the course of development. We assessed emotion recognition, overt aggression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in an ethnically diverse sample of Canadian children (N = 150; 4-year-olds, N = 148; 8-year-olds) and followed up with them 1 year later (86.9% retention). Emotion recognition was assessed using a behavioral task and caregivers reported on children's externalizing symptoms. Children with lower NE recognition had higher initial, but not subsequent, overt aggression, even when controlling for nonaggressive externalizing symptoms (i.e., ADHD and ODD symptoms). NE recognition was not concurrently or longitudinally associated with nonaggressive externalizing symptoms. Age and gender did not moderate these findings. Both higher NE insensitivity (e.g., reporting a sad face appears neutral) and misspecifications (e.g., reporting a sad face appears angry) were significantly associated with higher concurrent overt aggression. In conclusion, both NE insensitivity and misspecifications were found to be uniquely important for children's overt aggression. These findings highlight the importance of different forms of NE recognition and differentiating between aggressive and nonaggressive externalizing problems in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn L. Acland
- Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Canada
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Canada
| | - Marc Jambon
- Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Canada
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Canada
| | - Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Canada
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Canada
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Kirmayer MH, Khullar TH, Dirks MA. Initial Development of a Situation-based Measure of Emerging Adults' Social Competence in their Same-gender Friendships. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:451-468. [PMID: 33788357 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a situation-based tool to assess emerging adults' social competence with same-gender friends, providing information about (1) challenges occurring in these relationships, (2) the behaviors used to manage these situations, and (3) the perceived effectiveness of these strategies. Undergraduates (N = 747; 409 women; Mage = 20.16, SD = 1.43) participated in five studies. Transgressions, conflicts of interest, and support situations emerged as key challenges, and emerging adults reported using aggressive, assertive, avoidant, and apologizing behaviors to manage these situations. In general, apologizing and assertive behaviors were judged more effective than aggressive or avoidant behaviors. Results yielded the Inventory of Friendship Challenges for Emerging Adults (IFCEA), which showed expected associations with measures of interpersonal behavior.
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Vagos P, Marinho PI, Pandeirada JNS, Rodrigues PFS, Marsee M. Measuring Forms and Functions of Aggression in Portuguese Young Adults: Validation of the Peer Conflict Scale. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07342829211018106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a preliminary validation of the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) for Portuguese young adults (ages 18–30 years). This instrument assesses aggression considering two of its forms (overt and relational aggression) and its two functions (reactive and proactive aggression). The initially proposed 4-factor model provided the best fit for our data and was partially invariant by sex. All subscales revealed good reliability based on internal consistency and test–retest indicators. Construct validity was obtained through the investigation of sex differences that align with previous findings on aggressive behavior and in relation to emotion regulation strategies. These initial results suggest that the PCS, originally designed for adolescents, is a promising tool to assess aggression in young adults, notwithstanding the need of additional psychometric studies to further establish the quality of this instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vagos
- INPP, Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique, Porto, Portugal
- CINEICC, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Johansson A, Rötkönen N, Jern P. Is the association between childhood maltreatment and aggressive behavior mediated by hostile attribution bias in women? A discordant twin and sibling study. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:28-37. [PMID: 32853475 PMCID: PMC7754152 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind aggressive behavior (AGG) is vital so that effective prevention and intervention strategies can be developed. Maltreated children are hypothesized to be prone to social information processing biases, such as hostile attribution bias (HAB), which, in turn, may increase the likelihood of behaving aggressively. The first aim of the present study was to replicate findings regarding associations between childhood maltreatment (CM), HAB, and aggression in a population-based sample of Finnish female twins and their sisters (N = 2,167). However, these associations might not be causal but instead confounded by familial factors, shared between the variables. The second aim was, thus, to test the associations when potential confounding by familial (genetic or common environmental) effects were controlled for using a multilevel discordant twin and sibling design within (a) 379 pairs of twins (npairs = 239) or siblings (npairs = 140), and (b) within the 131 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs. Consistent with previous studies, HAB mediated the association between CM and AGG when familial confounding was uncontrolled. No support was found for the mediation when controlling for familial confounding. Between-pair associations were found between CM and AGG, and between CM and HAB. In addition, within-pair associations were found between HAB and AGG, and between CM and AGG, however, these were nonsignificant in the discordant MZ analysis, offering the most stringent control of familial confounding. The results indicate the necessity of taking familial confounding into account when investigating the development of AGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Johansson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Nicola Rötkönen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Patrick Jern
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
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Razmjoee M, Harnett PH, Shahaeian A. Language development mediates the relationship between gender and relational aggression: A study of Iranian preschool children. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Razmjoee
- Special Education Department, College of Education, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,
| | - Paul H. Harnett
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
| | - Ameneh Shahaeian
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia,
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Evaluating Negative Attributions in Persons With Brain Injury: A Comparison of 2 Measures. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2020; 36:E170-E177. [PMID: 33201039 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare construct and predictive validity, readability, and time-to-administer of 2 negative attribution measures in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI). SETTING Two TBI rehabilitation hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-five adults with complicated mild to severe TBI. MAIN MEASURES Negative attributions (intent, hostility, and blame) and anger responses to hypothetical scenarios were measured with the Epps scenarios and the Ambiguous Intention Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ). Trait aggression was measured with the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). RESULTS Associations between attributions and anger responses (ie, construct validity) within each measure were significant (Epps: r = 0.61-0.74; AIHQ: r = 0.39-0.71); however, associations were stronger for Epps (Ps < .001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) revealed attributions from both measures predicted BPAQ scores (area under the ROC curves = 0.6-0.8); predictive validity did not statistically differ between the 2 measures. Both had comparable readability (fifth- to sixth-grade levels), but Epps required longer administration times. CONCLUSION Negative attributions affect anger and aggression after TBI, making it important to identify suitable assessments for the TBI population. While psychometric properties of the AIHQ and Epps scenarios should be further explored, this study offers early support for the use of either instrument in persons with TBI. Advantages and disadvantages of the AIHQ and Epps scenarios are highlighted.
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Examining Reactive and Proactive Aggression through Narrative Text Processing. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mason K, Barlett CP, Jones AL. The Influence of the Opposite Sex on Hypothetical Aggressive Inclinations. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:5889-5904. [PMID: 29294872 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517724831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has supported the hypothesis that the presence of a potential mate influences social behavior; however, there is a paucity of work that has extended this to the study of aggression. Thus, the current research had participants (N = 1,035) view a picture of an attractive or unattractive member of the opposite sex. Participants then imagined themselves in front of the imagined person in a social setting in which they were provoked or not before completing an assessment of aggressive intentions. Results from the 2 (sex of participant) × 2 (attractiveness of the picture) × 2 (provocation or not) analysis of variance showed that males viewing an image of an attractive female had higher aggressive intentions when provoked than males viewing a nonattractive female; however, these effects were not found for female participants.
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Wang Y, Cao S, Zhang Q, Xia L. The longitudinal relationship between angry rumination and reactive-proactive aggression and the moderation effect of consideration of future consequences-immediate. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:476-488. [PMID: 32632922 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The idea that influential factors for two subtypes of aggression (reactive and proactive aggression) should be different is popular, but the common influential factors have not been examined. Such an examination could help understand the influential factors of aggression from the perspective of multiple motivations affecting the development of aggressive motivations over time. The present study argued that angry rumination would be a common influential factor for both reactive and proactive aggression. In addition, consideration of future consequences (CFC) may moderate the longitudinal effect of angry rumination on proactive aggression. Two studies were conducted to test these hypotheses. In Study 1, a cross-lagged analysis with a 6-month interval was employed. A total of 505 undergraduate students (46% males) completed the questionnaires twice. Results indicated that after a 6-month period, angry rumination predicted reactive aggression but not proactive aggression. Furthermore, reactive aggression predicted angry rumination over time. In Study 2, a moderation analysis was performed with another 437 participants (130 males). The results partly supported our hypotheses, indicating that CFC-immediate (CFC-I) moderated the longitudinal effect of angry rumination on proactive aggression. The present results extended prior research regarding the predictors of proactive and reactive aggression and may contribute to a greater understanding of the development of aggressive motivation. In addition, our research suggested that high CFC-I may be an important factor for the motivation change from reactive aggression to proactive aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wang
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Shen Cao
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Ling‐Xiang Xia
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
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Gasse A, Kim WS, Gagnon J. Association between depression and hostile attribution bias in hostile and non-hostile individuals: An ERP study. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:1077-1083. [PMID: 32771859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hostility and aggression have been found to be highly prevalent among depressed patients and are associated with higher comorbidity and illness severity levels. Although negative interpretation biases are a fundamental element of cognitive models of depression, few studies have examined the specific biases in information processing, mainly the hostile attribution bias, found in hostile individuals who present depressive symptoms. METHOD Using pre-collected data from a sample of 72 (male=41,6%, female=58,3%) undergraduate and community-based hostile (n = 26) and non-hostile (n = 46) adult participants, the authors aimed to examine the association between depression and the hostile attribution bias by determining whether depression level scores were uniquely related to electrophysiological measures of the hostile attribution bias. RESULTS The hostile group showed higher measured levels of depression and reactive aggression compared to the non-hostile group. Also, depression scores were significant predictors of the N400 effect in the non-hostile task condition, while reactive aggression was not, whereas in the hostile condition, the overall model was significant, with depression and reactive aggression levels both showing strong trends towards significance. LIMITATIONS A small sample size limited the scope of our conclusions. Also, sample selection prevented us from examining specific group differences regarding the hostile attribution bias in depressed and non-depressed groups. CONCLUSION Clinical and research implications include the necessity to apply cognitive restructuring techniques to counter biased interpretation processes in settings where depression and aggression intersect, and the need to consider alternatives to self-evaluative methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gasse
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Canada; Laboratoire d'électrophysiologie en neuroscience sociale (LENS), University of Montreal, Canada; School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Canada.
| | - W S Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Canada; Laboratoire d'électrophysiologie en neuroscience sociale (LENS), University of Montreal, Canada
| | - J Gagnon
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Canada; Laboratoire d'électrophysiologie en neuroscience sociale (LENS), University of Montreal, Canada
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Perhamus GR, Ostrov JM. Emotions and Cognitions in Early Childhood Aggression: the Role of Irritability and Hostile Attribution Biases. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2020; 49:63-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Poon K, Jiang Y. Sexual objectification increases retaliatory aggression. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:291-304. [PMID: 32212173 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether sexual objectification increases retaliatory aggression serially through increased vulnerability and hostile intent attributions. Female participants were first exposed to the sexual objectification manipulation by receiving compliments from an online male partner (Experiment 1) or imagining a workplace objectification experience (Experiment 2). Afterward, their vulnerability and hostile intent attributions were assessed. Finally, they were given an opportunity to behave aggressively toward the source of objectification. The results of both experiments indicated that, compared with their counterparts in the control conditions, participants in the sexual objectification condition reported higher levels of vulnerability, hostile intent attributions, and aggression. Moreover, vulnerability and hostile intent attributions serially mediated the effect of sexual objectification on aggression. These findings highlight the critical influence of vulnerability and hostile intent attributions in understanding how sexual objectification increases aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Tak Poon
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Psychosocial HealthThe Education University of Hong Kong Tai Po Hong Kong
| | - Yufei Jiang
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Psychosocial HealthThe Education University of Hong Kong Tai Po Hong Kong
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Kil H, Propp L, De Luca A, Andrade BF. Balanced, positive, and negative attributions: A preliminary investigation of a novel attribution coding system and associated affect and social behavior in children with disruptive behavior. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hali Kil
- McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Lee Propp
- McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development Ontario Institute for Studies in EducationUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Anthony De Luca
- Department of Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga ON Canada
| | - Brendan F. Andrade
- McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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Assessing Negative Attributions After Brain Injury With the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2020; 35:E450-E457. [PMID: 32472838 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To explore the construct validity of the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ) in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (ie, confirm negative attributions are associated with anger and aggression); and (2) use the AIHQ to examine negative attribution differences between participants with and without TBI. SETTING Two rehabilitation hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-five adults with TBI and 86 healthy controls (HCs). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. MAIN MEASURES The AIHQ, a measure of negative attributions (intent, hostility, and blame), anger, and aggressive responses to hypothetical scenarios. RESULTS Attributions were significantly correlated with anticipated anger and aggressive responses to AIHQ scenarios. Compared with HCs, participants with TBI reported stronger negative attributions (P ≤ .001), anger (P = .021), and aggressive responses (P = .002) to the scenarios. CONCLUSION Negative attributions were associated with anger and aggression responses, demonstrating construct validity of the AIHQ in the TBI population. Participants with TBI judged others' behaviors more severely than HCs, similar to prior research using a different attribution measure. The AIHQ has promise as a practical instrument for assessing negative attributions after TBI.
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Multidimensional measure of aggression in adolescents: Croatian validation of the Peer Conflict Scale. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2020.93608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn order to adequately assess aggression in adolescence, the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) was developed. It evaluates both forms and functions of aggression (i.e. proactive overt, proactive relational, reactive overt and reactive relational aggression). The goal of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Croatian version of the Peer Conflict Scale.Participants and procedureThe total sample consisted of 656 high school students from the City of Zagreb (age range 16-17, 55.33% boys). Independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to determine the factor structure, and the best fitting model of the PCS on a Croatian sample.ResultsBoth results of EFA and CFA support a proposed four-factor model of the instrument. Reliabilities of the instrument’s scales were acceptable. The measurement invariance across gender was established. In order to analyse the construct validity of the PCS, relations between aggression subtypes and the theoretically meaningful variable, i.e. anxiety, were assessed. Reactive rela-tional aggression had the highest correlation with anxiety, while proactive overt aggression did not correlate significantly with anxiety. Furthermore, gender differences in aggression subtypes were assessed, and were in accordance with past research.ConclusionsOur study verifies the reliability, factor structure and construct validity of PCS in a sample of Croatian adolescents. However, the results of this study suggest that the response format should be changed. Furthermore, some items did not match well with corresponding factors and the best fitting model was the one in which those items were excluded. Therefore, we suggest that two items should be replaced with new ones.
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Hart EJ, Ostrov JM. Relations between forms and functions of aggression and moral judgments of aggressive transgressions. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:220-231. [PMID: 32100888 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to examine the influence of aggressive behavior, psychopathy, and gender on moral judgments of aggressive transgressions. A two-dimensional conceptualization of aggression was used, such that proactive relational aggression, reactive relational aggression, proactive physical aggression, and reactive physical aggression were treated as distinct subtypes of aggression and also as distinct subtypes of moral judgments of aggression. Participants were 421 emerging adults (215 women). Self-report measures of aggression, psychopathy, and moral judgments were collected. Peer-reports of aggression and psychopathy were obtained from a randomly assigned subsample of 73 participants (46 women) for validity purposes. Unique associations were found between subtypes of aggression and corresponding moral judgments of the same subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Hart
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffalo New York
| | - Jamie M. Ostrov
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffalo New York
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Zajenkowska A, Rajchert J. How sensitivity to provocation shapes encoding and interpretation of ambivalent scenes in an eye tracking study. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2020.1717498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zajenkowska
- Institute of Psychology, Social Psychology Department, Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rajchert
- Institute of Psychology, Social Psychology Department, Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
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Godleski SA, Ostrov JM. Parental influences on child report of relational attribution biases during early childhood. J Exp Child Psychol 2020; 192:104775. [PMID: 31931395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Influences on social cognition, such as hostile attribution biases, are a relatively understudied topic despite the association of hostile attribution biases with important developmental and clinical outcomes. From a developmental perspective, it is particularly important to understand the early development of biases regarding how the intentions of others are perceived, especially in the relationship context. Therefore, understanding potential correlates, such as parental influences, of such biases during early childhood may be especially important. The current study (N = 121) was designed to explore several gaps and limitations in the hostile intent attribution literature, especially the lack of research on hostile attribution biases for relational provocations and associated parent behavior. In particular, this gap was addressed by investigating parental influences on hostile attribution biases for relational provocations during early childhood (i.e., 3-5 years of age) using parent and child reports. It was found that parent hostile attribution biases for relational provocations was significantly associated with child hostile attribution biases for relational provocations. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that parent relational aggression was related to parenting practices. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Godleski
- College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
| | - Jamie M Ostrov
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Hilvert-Bruce Z, Neill JT. I'm just trolling: The role of normative beliefs in aggressive behaviour in online gaming. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Smeijers D, Bulten EBH, Brazil IA. The Computations of hostile biases (CHB) model: Grounding hostility biases in a unified cognitive framework. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 73:101775. [PMID: 31726277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our behavior is partly a product of our perception of the world, and aggressive individuals have been found to have 'hostility biases' in their perception and interpretation of social information. Four types of hostility biases can be distinguished: the hostile attribution, interpretation, expectation, and perception bias. Such low-level biases are believed to have a profound influence on decision-making, and possibly also increase the likelihood of engaging in aggressive acts. The current review systematically examined extant research on the four types of hostility bias, with a particular focus on the associations between each type of hostility bias and aggressive behavior. The results confirmed the robust association between hostility biases and aggressive behavior. However, it is still unknown how exactly hostility biases are acquired. This is also caused by a tendency to study hostility biases separately, as if they are non-interacting phenomena. Another issue is that current approaches cannot directly quantify the latent cognitive processes pertaining to the hostility biases, thus creating an explanatory gap. To fill this gap, we embedded the results of the systematic review in a state-of-the-art computational framework, which provides a novel mechanistic account with testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Smeijers
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre Pompestichting, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik B H Bulten
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre Pompestichting, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inti A Brazil
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre Pompestichting, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hannuschke M, Gollwitzer M, Geukes K, Nestler S, Back M. Neuroticism and interpersonal perception: Evidence for positive, but not negative, biases. J Pers 2019; 88:217-236. [PMID: 30985001 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality dispositions predict how individuals perceive, interpret, and react to social interactions with others. A still unresolved question is (a) whether these personality-congruent interpersonal perceptions reflect perception biases, which occur when perceivers' dispositions systematically predict deviations between perceivers' and other people's perceptions of the same interaction, and/or selection effects, which occur when perceivers' dispositions predict their selection of interaction partners, and (b) whether these effects feed back into perceivers' personality. METHOD Data from 110 psychology freshmen involving repeated assessments of Neuroticism and repeated interpersonal perceptions of social interactions with fellow students were analyzed to address these questions, focusing on Neuroticism. RESULTS There is evidence for a Neuroticism-related positivity bias in interpersonal perceptions (i.e., perceivers high in Neuroticism tended to make more positive judgments of others' sociability and warmth), but little evidence for personality-congruent selection effects (i.e., Neuroticism-related preferences for interaction partners). The positivity bias did not predict intrapersonal changes in Neuroticism over time, but the selection of specific interaction partners did. CONCLUSIONS These findings help to shed light on the interpersonal perception dynamics of Neuroticism in a real-life context and add to our understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying the interplay of personality and interpersonal perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Katharina Geukes
- Department of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Steffen Nestler
- Department of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mitja Back
- Department of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Hansen-Brown AA, Freis SD. Assuming the worst: Hostile attribution bias in vulnerable narcissists. SELF AND IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1609574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Leshem R, van Lieshout PHHM, Ben-David S, Ben-David BM. Does emotion matter? The role of alexithymia in violent recidivism: A systematic literature review. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2019; 29:94-110. [PMID: 30916846 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several variables have been evidenced for their association with violent reoffending. Resultant interventions have been suggested, yet the rate of recidivism remains high. Alexithymia, characterised by deficits in emotion processing and verbal expression, might interact with these other risk factors to affect outcomes. AIM Our goal was to examine the role of alexithymia as a possible moderator of risk factors for violent offender recidivism. Our hypothesis was that, albeit with other risk factors, alexithymia increases the risk of violent reoffending. METHOD We conducted a systematic literature review, using terms for alexithymia and violent offending and their intersection. RESULTS (a) No study that directly tests the role of alexithymia in conjunction with other potential risk factors for recidivism and actual violent recidivism was uncovered. (b) Primarily alexithymia researchers and primarily researchers into violence have separately found several clinical features in common between aspects of alexithymia and violence, such as impulsivity (total n = 24 studies). (c) Other researchers have established a relationship between alexithymia and both dynamic and static risk factors for violent recidivism (n = 16 studies). CONCLUSION Alexithymia may be a possible moderator of risk of violent offence recidivism. Supplementing offenders' rehabilitation efforts with assessments of alexithymia may assist in designing individually tailored interventions to promote desistance among violent offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Leshem
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Pascal H H M van Lieshout
- Oral Dynamics Lab, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Boaz M Ben-David
- Communication, Aging and Neuropsychology lab (CANlab), Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
- Oral Dynamics Lab, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Padmanabhanunni A, Gerhardt M. Normative beliefs as predictors of physical, non-physical and relational aggression among South African adolescents. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2019; 31:1-11. [PMID: 30905314 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2019.1579096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the contribution of general normative beliefs about aggression and specific normative beliefs about retaliatory aggression in predicting physical, non-physical and relational aggression. Adolescents (N = 229) from a low-income community in South Africa completed the Normative Beliefs about Aggression Scale (NOBAGS) and the Aggression-Problem Behaviour Frequency Scale (A-PBFS). The results revealed significantly higher levels of all forms of aggression amongst boys as compared to girls. There were significant gender differences in belief-behaviour associations with more significant correlations found among girls. General beliefs endorsing aggression were positively correlated with physical aggression among girls. For girls, beliefs about the acceptability of verbal and physical retaliation were associated with relational and non-physical aggression. The current findings broaden the understanding of the predictors of aggressive behaviour among South African youth. They emphasise that both general beliefs about aggression and specific beliefs about retaliation predict actual aggressive behaviour. Significantly, the study emphasizes that there are gender differences in the prediction of aggressive behaviour in terms of normative beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Padmanabhanunni
- a Department of Psychology , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Martin Gerhardt
- a Department of Psychology , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
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The relationship between hostile attribution bias and aggression and the mediating effect of anger rumination. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shao R, Wang Y. The Relation of Violent Video Games to Adolescent Aggression: An Examination of Moderated Mediation Effect. Front Psychol 2019; 10:384. [PMID: 30846962 PMCID: PMC6394371 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the moderated mediation effect of normative beliefs about aggression and family environment on exposure to violent video games and adolescent aggression, the subjects self-reported their exposure to violent video games, family environment, normative beliefs about aggression, and aggressive behavior. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between exposure to violent video games and adolescent aggression; normative beliefs about aggression had a mediation effect on exposure to violent video games and adolescent aggression, while family environment moderated the first part of the mediation process. For individuals with a good family environment, exposure to violent video games had only a direct effect on aggression; however, for those with poor family environment, it had both direct and indirect effects mediated by normative beliefs about aggression. This moderated mediation model includes some notions of General Aggression Model (GAM) and Catalyst Model (CM), which helps shed light on the complex mechanism of violent video games influencing adolescent aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shao
- Research Institute of Moral Education, College of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, Research Center for Mental Health Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunqiang Wang
- Research Institute of Moral Education, College of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Relational Aggressiveness in Adolescence: Relations With Emotional Awareness and Self-Control. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.32872/spb.v13i4.28302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement in relationally aggressive conduct is an important contributor to maladaptive functioning in both childhood and adulthood. Decreased emotional awareness and impairments of self-control are risk factors for relational aggressiveness, while emotional awareness can also be treated as an important prerequisite for proper self-control. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between dimensions of emotional awareness (attention to emotions and emotional clarity), self-control, and relational aggressiveness. Self-control was also examined as a mediating variable between emotional awareness and relational aggressiveness. Self-report measures of trait meta-mood, alexithymia, self-control, and relational aggressiveness were completed by 214 adolescents (129 females), aged 15–23. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two factors of emotional awareness: (1) inattention to emotions (reflecting low attention to emotions and externally oriented thinking) and (2) a lack of emotional clarity (reflecting difficulties in identifying emotion, difficulties in describing emotion, and low clarity of emotion). Self-control and mood repair ability inversely correlated with proactive and reactive relational aggressiveness, whereas the clarity component of the meta-mood trait only inversely predicted reactive relational aggressiveness. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that direct relationships between inattention to emotions and relational aggressiveness, as well as between lack of emotional clarity and relational aggressiveness were non-significant. Nevertheless, a lack of emotional clarity was indirectly and significantly associated with relational aggressiveness through decreased self-control.
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Preston OC, Watts AL, Anestis JC, Lilienfeld SO. Psychopathic Traits' Differential Relations With Aggression Forms: Considering the Roles of Gender and Gender Role Adherence. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2018.37.8.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Research has yielded inconsistent findings between psychopathy and aggression, with findings varying as a function of type of psychopathic trait (i.e., affective, behavioral) and aggression form (i.e., physical, relational). Although some research has explored the role of gender in these relations, gender role adherence has received scant attention. Using an undergraduate sample (N = 320), we aimed to clarify mixed findings on how psychopathic traits relate to aggression forms across males and females; examine how psychopathic traits relate to gender role adherence; and ascertain the roles of gender and gender role adherence in the relations between psychopathic traits and aggression. Psychopathic traits manifested differential relations with gender role adherence such that Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) Fearless Dominance was most strongly and positively associated with Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) Masculinity, whereas PPI-R Self-Centered Impulsivity and Coldheartedness were negatively associated with BSRI Femininity. BSRI Masculinity and Femininity were uniquely and differentially associated with aggression forms, and remained associated with aggression forms above and beyond both psychopathy and gender. In addition, BSRI Masculinity moderated the relations between PPI-R Self-Centered Impusivity and physical aggression such that those high in both Masculinity and Self-Centered Impulsivity were most prone to physical aggression. In contrast, although BSRI Femininity was negatively associated with aggression, it did not buffer against aggression in the presence of psychopathic traits. Overall, our results underscore the importance of considering gender role adherence in understanding differences in psychopathy and aggression.
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Cunningham M, Francois S, Rodriguez G, Lee XW. Resilience and Coping: An Example in African American Adolescents. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1502547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Klein Tuente S, Bogaerts S, van IJzendoorn S, Veling W. Effect of virtual reality aggression prevention training for forensic psychiatric patients (VRAPT): study protocol of a multi-center RCT. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:251. [PMID: 30081863 PMCID: PMC6091200 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients residing in forensic psychiatric centers have difficulties regulating their aggression in an adequate manner. Therefore, they are frequently involved in conflicts. Evidenced-based aggression therapies in forensic psychiatry are scarce, and due to the highly secured environment, it is hard to practice real-life provocations. We have developed a Virtual Reality aggression prevention training (VRAPT), providing safe virtual environments, in which patients can practice controlling their aggressive behaviors in an adequate way. The main objective of this study is to examine whether VRAPT is effective in reducing aggression among forensic psychiatric inpatients. METHODS Four forensic psychiatric centers in the Netherlands are participating in this study. Participants will be randomly assigned to either VRAPT or a waiting list. The two groups will be compared at several different time points: baseline (12 weeks before intervention), pre-intervention, post-intervention and at 12 weeks follow-up. After follow-up measurements are completed, participants from the waiting list will also receive VRAPT. The primary outcome is level of aggressive behavior, consisting of staff-reported and self-reported measures. Secondary outcomes are self-report questionnaires on e.g., anger, impulsivity and aggression. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to examine the effectiveness of a VR aggression prevention training in forensic psychiatric centers. Further details on the methodological issues are discussed in this paper. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch Trial Register ( NTR, TC = 6340 ). Retrospectively registered 14-04-2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Klein Tuente
- Department of Psychoses, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Forensic Psychiatric Center (FPC) Dr. S. van Mesdag, Helperlinie 2, 9722, AZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- 0000 0001 0943 3265grid.12295.3dDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Prof Cobbenhagenlaan 225, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands ,Fivoor, Fivoor Science & Treatment Innovation, Kijvelandsekade 1, 3172 AB Poortugaal, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah van IJzendoorn
- Fivoor, Fivoor Science & Treatment Innovation, Kijvelandsekade 1, 3172 AB Poortugaal, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Veling
- 0000 0000 9558 4598grid.4494.dDepartment of Psychoses, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Law H, Falkenbach DM. Hostile Attribution Bias as a Mediator of the Relationships of Psychopathy and Narcissism With Aggression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:3355-3371. [PMID: 29172806 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17742614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hostile attribution bias (HAB), the tendency to perceive hostility in ambiguous situations, has been linked to aggressive outcomes, such as reactive aggression. HAB has been connected to personality types involving hostile beliefs and reactive aggression, including narcissism and psychopathy. Specifically, secondary psychopathy is associated with HAB and reactive aggression. Despite research and theory connecting these constructs, few studies have examined if HAB mediates the relationships among psychopathy, narcissism, and aggression. The current study explores this possible mediation in an urban college sample. Narcissism was associated with aggression but not hostile aggression or HAB. Reactive aggression and HAB were both associated with psychopathy, but there were no mediation relationships. The associations with aggression may be, therefore, due to underlying traits of secondary psychopathy rather than the hostile attributions to which the traits contribute; consequently, treatments focused on reducing aggressive responses by correcting interpretations of social situations may not be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Law
- 1 John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
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Mertens ECA, Deković M, Asscher JJ, Manders WA. Heterogeneity in Response during Multisystemic Therapy: Exploring Subgroups and Predictors. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 45:1285-1295. [PMID: 28032273 PMCID: PMC5603647 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is, at group level, an effective treatment for adolescents showing serious externalizing problem behavior. The current study expands previous research on MST by, first, examining whether subgroups of participants who respond differently to treatment could be identified. Second, we investigated if the different trajectories of change during MST could be predicted by individual (hostile attributions) and contextual (parental sense of parenting competence and deviant and prosocial peer involvement) pre-treatment factors. Participants were 147 adolescents (mean age = 15.91 years, 104 (71%) boys) and their parents who received MST. Pre-treatment assessment of the predictors and 5 monthly assessments of externalizing behavior during treatment took place using both adolescent and parents’ self-reports. Six distinct subgroups, showing different trajectories of change in externalizing problem behavior during MST, were identified. Two of the 6 trajectories of change showed a poor treatment response, as one class did not change in externalizing problem behavior and the other class even increased. The remaining 4 trajectories displayed a positive effect of MST, by showing a decrease in externalizing behavior. Most of these trajectories could be predicted by parental sense of parenting competence. Additionally, lower involvement with prosocial peers was a predictor of the group that appeared to be resistant to MST. Adolescents do respond differently to MST, which indicates the importance of personalizing treatment. Protective factors, such as parental sense of parenting competence and prosocial peers, seem to require additional attention in the first phase of MST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C A Mertens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maja Deković
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Research Centre for Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke A Manders
- Youth Spot, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Wibautstraat 5a, 1091 GH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kenney SR, Napper LE, LaBrie JW, Vaughn P. Reasons for Utilizing Mental Health Services as Predictors of College Students' Alcohol Risk. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2018; 21:125-138. [PMID: 34456554 DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined college student drinkers' (N = 153) reasons for seeking counseling services and risk for alcohol problems. Students seeking help for impulse- or anger-related issues and depression were at heightened risk for alcohol problems. Only 10% of students sought alcohol-related help despite high rates of hazardous alcohol use (80%) and dependence (39%). Targeted screening and intervention in college counseling centers may enable providers to effectively identify and treat students in need of alcohol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Kenney
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | | | - Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles
| | - Paige Vaughn
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles
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The Metacognitive Anger Processing (MAP) Scale – Validation in a Mixed Clinical and a Forensic In-Patient Sample. Behav Cogn Psychother 2018; 47:67-80. [DOI: 10.1017/s1352465818000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: The metacognitive approach by Wells and colleagues has gained empirical support with a broad range of symptoms. The Metacognitive Anger Processing (MAP) scale was developed to provide a metacognitive measure on anger (Moeller, 2016). In the preliminary validation, three components were identified (positive beliefs, negative beliefs and rumination) to be positively correlated with the anger. Aims: To validate the MAP in a sample of mixed clinical patients (n = 88) and a sample of male forensic patients (n = 54). Method: The MAP was administered together with measures of metacognition, anger, rumination, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results: The MAP showed acceptable scalability and excellent reliability. Convergent validity was evidenced using the general metacognitive measure (MCQ-30), and concurrent validity was supported using two different anger measures (STAXI-2 and NAS). Conclusions: The MAP has promising potential to assess anger regulation problems by providing a framework on angry rumination as well as the belief structures that proposedly drive the selection of this maladaptive processing strategy as suggested in the metacognitive model. These findings may have implications for clinical interventions. For example, conducting functional analyses on anger rumination could increase the understanding of dysregulated anger processing and lead to new interventions focused on shifting thinking style.
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Effects of Dark Triad and HEXACO traits on reactive/proactive aggression: Exploring the gender differences. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Scott BG, Pina AA, Parker JH. Reluctance to express emotion explains relation between cognitive distortions and social competence in anxious children. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 36:402-417. [PMID: 29235136 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Guided by social information processing and affective social competence models, the focal objective of this research was to examine the relations among anxious children's cognitive distortions, social skill competence, and reluctance to express emotion. In addition, we explored whether children's attention control played any meaningful role. Using a sample of 111 anxious children (Mage = 9.63, SD = 0.73; 75.7% girls; 56% Hispanic/Latino), we found that cognitive distortions were negatively related to social competence. In addition, tests of moderated mediation showed that the negative association between cognitive distortions and social skill competence was indirect via reluctance to express emotion, but this only was the case for anxious children with high attention control and for distortions in the academic domain. The findings of this study may set the stage for new ways to conceptualize the role of higher attention control among anxious youth. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Cognitive errors are prevalent in anxious youth Anxious children show socio-emotion deficits What does this study add? Cognitive errors are related to socio-emotion deficits in anxious youth Relations depend on attention control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Scott
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Armando A Pina
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Julia H Parker
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Kuin NC, Masthoff EDM, Munafò MR, Penton-Voak IS. Perceiving the evil eye: Investigating hostile interpretation of ambiguous facial emotional expression in violent and non-violent offenders. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187080. [PMID: 29190802 PMCID: PMC5708671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the causal and perpetuating factors influencing aggression has partly focused on the general tendency of aggression-prone individuals to infer hostile intent in others, even in ambiguous circumstances. This is referred to as the ‘hostile interpretation bias’. Whether this hostile interpretation bias also exists in basal information processing, such as perception of facial emotion, is not yet known, especially with respect to the perception of ambiguous expressions. In addition, little is known about how this potential bias in facial emotion perception is related to specific characteristics of aggression. In the present study, conducted in a penitentiary setting with detained male adults, we investigated if violent offenders (n = 71) show a stronger tendency to interpret ambiguous facial expressions on a computer task as angry rather than happy, compared to non-violent offenders (n = 14) and to a control group of healthy volunteers (n = 32). We also investigated if hostile perception of facial expressions is related to specific characteristics of aggression, such as proactive and reactive aggression. No clear statistical evidence was found that violent offenders perceived facial emotional expressions as more angry than non-violent offenders or healthy volunteers. A regression analysis in the violent offender group showed that only age and a self-report measure of hostility predicted outcome on the emotion perception task. Other traits, such as psychopathic traits, intelligence, attention and a tendency to jump to conclusions were not associated with interpretation of anger in facial emotional expressions. We discuss the possible impact of the study design and population studied on our results, as well as implications for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki C. Kuin
- Penitentiary Institution Vught, Vught, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S. Penton-Voak
- School of Experimental Psychology at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Kokkinos CM, Karagianni K, Voulgaridou I. Relational aggression, big five and hostile attribution bias in adolescents. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Smeijers D, Rinck M, Bulten E, van den Heuvel T, Verkes RJ. Generalized hostile interpretation bias regarding facial expressions: Characteristic of pathological aggressive behavior. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:386-397. [PMID: 28191653 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with aggression regulation disorders tend to attribute hostility to others in socially ambiguous situations. Previous research suggests that this "hostile attribution bias" is a powerful cause of aggression. Facial expressions form important cues in the appreciation of others' intentions. Furthermore, accurate processing of facial expressions is fundamental to normal socialization. However, research on interpretation biases in facial affect is limited. It is asserted that a hostile interpretation bias (HIB) is likely to be displayed by individuals with an antisocial (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) and probably also with an intermittent explosive disorder (IED). However, there is little knowledge to what extent this bias is displayed by each of these patient groups. The present study investigated whether a HIB regarding emotional facial expressions was displayed by forensic psychiatric outpatients (FPOs) and whether it was associated with ASPD and BPD in general or, more specifically, with a disposition to react with pathological aggression. Participants of five different groups were recruited: FPOs with ASPD, BPD, or IED, non-forensic patients with BPD (nFPOs-BPD), and healthy, non-aggressive controls (HCs). Results suggest that solely FPOs with ASPD, BPD, or IED exhibit a HIB regarding emotional facial expressions. Moreover, this bias was associated with type and severity of aggression, trait aggression, and cognitive distortions. The results suggest that a HIB regarding facial expressions is an important characteristic of pathological aggressive behavior. Interventions that modify the HIB might help to reduce the recurrence of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 43:386-397, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Smeijers
- Department of Psychiatry; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Thom van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Robbert-Jan Verkes
- Department of Psychiatry; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Pompestichting; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Wegrzyn M, Westphal S, Kissler J. In your face: the biased judgement of fear-anger expressions in violent offenders. BMC Psychol 2017; 5:16. [PMID: 28499409 PMCID: PMC5429544 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-017-0186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Why is it that certain violent criminals repeatedly find themselves engaged in brawls? Many inmates report having felt provoked or threatened by their victims, which might be due to a tendency to ascribe malicious intentions when faced with ambiguous social signals, termed hostile attribution bias. METHODS The present study presented morphed fear-anger faces to prison inmates with a history of violent crimes, a history of child sexual abuse, and to matched controls form the general population. Participants performed a fear-anger decision task. Analyses compared both response frequencies and measures derived from psychophysical functions fitted to the data. In addition, a test to distinguish basic facial expressions and questionnaires for aggression, psychopathy and personality disorders were administered. RESULTS Violent offenders present with a reliable hostile attribution bias, in that they rate ambiguous fear-anger expressions as more angry, compared to both the control population and perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Psychometric functions show a lowered threshold to detect anger in violent offenders compared to the general population. This effect is especially pronounced for male faces, correlates with self-reported aggression and presents in absence of a general emotion recognition impairment. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that a hostile attribution, related to individual level of aggression and pronounced for male faces, might be one mechanism mediating physical violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wegrzyn
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sina Westphal
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johanna Kissler
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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