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Schreier HMC, Feinberg ME, Jones DE, Ganguli A, Givens C, Graham-Engeland J. Children's empathy moderates the association between perceived interparental conflict and child health. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:128-135. [PMID: 38408496 PMCID: PMC11008563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interparental conflict is known to negatively impact child well-being, including behavioral and physiological well-being. Children's empathy - that is, vicariously experiencing others' emotions - may increase children's sensitivity to and the biological repercussions of interparental conflict. Although empathy represents a valued trait and is an important part of socioemotional development, its influence on children's physical health is unknown. This study examined whether empathy moderates the association between perceived interparental conflict and both child systemic inflammation and parent-rated overall child health in a sample of children between the ages of seven to nine. Children and their parents participating in the long-term evaluation of the Family Foundations program, a randomized trial of a perinatal preventative intervention, provided data approximately eight years following enrollment into the program. We collected peripheral blood samples via dried blood spots, anthropometric measurements, and child and parent psychosocial questionnaires. Results indicated significant positive main effects of child empathy on both C-reactive protein (CRP; B = 0.26, SE = 0.11, p =.026) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6; B = 0.20, SE = 0.10, p =.045) levels. Further, child affective empathy moderated the associations between perceived interparental conflict and both CRP (B = 0.39, SE = 0.19, p =.050) and parent-reported child health (B = 0.30, SE = 0.13, p =.021), such that greater empathy strengthened the negative associations between interparental conflict and child health. Overall, findings suggests that there may be a biological cost of being more empathic in high-conflict environments and highlight the need for tools to help more empathic children appropriately manage vicarious emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M C Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Damon E Jones
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Aishwarya Ganguli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Caitlin Givens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
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2
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Huang L, Zhang S, Bian B, Zhou M, Bi Z. Peer effects of depression between left-behind and non-left-behind children: quasi-experimental evidence from rural China. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:72. [PMID: 37308963 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to investigate the interactive influence of depression on left-behind (LB) and non-left-behind (NLB) children from the perspective of peer effects. The roles of teachers, parents, and friends are also explored. METHODS Data on 1817 children, 1817 parents, and 55 teachers were obtained from a field survey in December 2021. All students in the sample were randomly assigned to classrooms. A peer effect model and OLS methods were used to estimate the peer influence of depression. Robustness tests were conducted by randomly removing schools from the sample. RESULTS Depression was contagious among different groups of rural children, and the peer effect of the NLB children's depression played a dominant role. Both LB and NLB children were more affected by their NLB classmates' depression. LB children were not significantly affected by depression in other LB children. This conclusion remains robust after robustness testing. In addition, heterogeneity analysis showed that outgoing and cheerful teachers, effective parent-child communication and high-quality friendship all alleviated peer influence on depression. CONCLUSIONS LB children have more severe depression than NLB children, but LB children are more affected by depression in their NLB peers. Policymakers should train teachers to engage in positive communication with students to improve mental health in children. In addition, this article recommends that children move and live with their parents when family conditions permit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Sizhe Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Biyu Bian
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zinan Bi
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
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3
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Zolli N, Loubeau JK, Sikov J, Baul TD, Hasan S, Rosen K, Buonocore O, Rabin M, Duncan A, Fortuna L, Borba CPC, Silverstein M, Spencer AE. "If he doesn't buy in, it's a waste of time": Perspectives from diverse parents and adolescents on engaging children in ADHD treatment. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022:10.1007/s10578-022-01473-x. [PMID: 36534302 PMCID: PMC11161869 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Engaging children and adolescents in ADHD care is critical for future independent disease management. However, there is a lack of evidence guiding health professionals and parents on how best to engage their children and adolescents in ADHD care. We recruited 41 diverse parents of children and adolescents with ADHD and 11 adolescents with ADHD from an urban, safety-net hospital to participate in in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews and then analyzed this data using thematic analysis. Children's level of illness insight about ADHD and self-esteem emerged as two major contributors to engagement of children and adolescents in ADHD care, and their intersection created four styles of engagement: proactive (high insight, high self-esteem), anxious (high insight, low self-esteem), apathetic (low insight, high self-esteem), and resistant (low insight, low self-esteem). This framework can help health professionals engage children and adolescents in care for ADHD and guide development of interventions to improve engagement in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zolli
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - J Krystel Loubeau
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Sikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tithi D Baul
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Syeda Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katherine Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olivia Buonocore
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Megan Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alison Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Fortuna
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christina P C Borba
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Silverstein
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Andrea E Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, IL, Chicago, USA.
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Zhao F, Wu H, Li Y, Zhang H, Hou J. The Association between Coparenting Behavior and Internalizing/Externalizing Problems of Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10346. [PMID: 36011980 PMCID: PMC9407961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between coparenting behavior and children's externalizing and internalizing problems and possible factors that may moderate their associations. A meta-analysis of 93 studies involving 41,207 participants found that coparenting behavior was slightly and significantly related to externalizing problems, r = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.194, -0.15], and internalizing problems, r = -0.16, 95% CI [-0.18, -0.14]. In addition, coparenting integrity, cooperation, conflict, competitiveness, and triangulation were significantly related to externalizing and internalizing problems. Moderation analyses revealed the following findings: (a) data reporter moderated the association between coparenting and internalizing problems, with children-report coparenting showing a significantly stronger relation with internalizing symptom than father-report coparenting; (b) developmental stage was found to moderate the association between coparenting behavior and externalizing problems, with stronger association found in childhood than in toddlerhood; (c) female percentage, individualism-collectivism culture, research methods, and publication year were not found to moderate the association between coparenting behavior and externalizing or internalizing problems. These findings help summarize the previous studies and provide an empirical basis for the relation between coparenting and child externalizing/internalizing problems, and benefits targeted interventions towards coparenting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Zhao
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haomeng Wu
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Hou
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Wahyuningsih H, Kusumaningrum FA, Novitasari R. Parental marital quality and adolescent psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1819005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hepi Wahyuningsih
- Departement of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Socio-Cultural Studies, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Ayu Kusumaningrum
- Departement of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Socio-Cultural Studies, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Resnia Novitasari
- Departement of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Socio-Cultural Studies, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Li C, Jiang S, Fan X, Zhang Q. Exploring the impact of marital relationship on the mental health of children: Does parent–child relationship matter? J Health Psychol 2020; 25:1669-1680. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1177/1359105318769348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the associations between marital relationships and parent–child relationships on children’s mental health. Participants included 19,487 students from the 2013–2014 baseline China Education Panel Survey. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the data and results revealed that marital and parent–child relationships positively affected children’s mental health. Parent–child relationship also played a mediating role between marital relationship and children’s mental health. The unique contributions of this study and its theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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van Dijk R, van der Valk IE, Deković M, Branje S. A meta-analysis on interparental conflict, parenting, and child adjustment in divorced families: Examining mediation using meta-analytic structural equation models. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 79:101861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Paternal and Maternal Variables Related to Depression in Childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010275. [PMID: 31906047 PMCID: PMC6982035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the relationship between parenting styles and depression in children. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether there are differences in the parenting practices received by two groups of children who obtain low-risk and high-risk scores respectively in relation to depression and determine which parenting variables are linked with the presence or absence of this kind of internalizing problem. From a sample of 550 subjects, obtained by probabilistic cluster sampling, we selected 140 children between 3 and 12 years of age who met a set of specific criteria as having high risk scores (70 children) for depression according to the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) or having low scores in this variable (70 children). Then, the Parent–Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) was applied to both parents. We carried out a binomial logistic regression analysis which resulted in a prediction model for 89.3% of the sample, based on the following parenting variables: limit setting and involvement from the mothers, and parental support, autonomy, satisfaction with parenting, and communication from the fathers. Finally, the usefulness of our results to plan intervention strategies within families of children with depression is discussed.
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Du Rocher Schudlich TD, Jessica NW, Erwin SE, Rishor A. Infants' emotional security: The confluence of parental depression, Interparental conflict, and parenting. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Ying L, Zhou H, Yu S, Chen C, Jia X, Wang Y, Lin C. Parent-child communication and self-esteem mediate the relationship between interparental conflict and children's depressive symptoms. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:908-915. [PMID: 30125381 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has paid little attention to the series mediating effect of parent-child communication and self-esteem in the relationship between interparental conflict and child outcomes, although several other mechanisms have been found to involve in this relationship. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to test these two factors' serial mediation of the relationship between interparental conflict and children's depressive symptoms in a sample of migrant children in China. METHODS Four hundred thirty-seven participants from two public schools for migrant children in Zhejiang Province, China, were administered four measures including the Children's Perceptions of Interparental Conflict Scale, the Parent-child Communication Questionnaire, the Global Self-esteem Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children. RESULTS Results showed that interparental conflict was positively related to depressive symptoms in migrant children, which was partially and serially mediated by parent-child communication and self-esteem in that order. CONCLUSIONS Parent-child communication and self-esteem play potential roles in the relationship between interparental conflict and depressive symptoms of migrant children in China. This finding has important implications for psychological service providers working with this group of children or children in similar situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhua Ying
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huayi Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shasha Yu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xuji Jia
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chongde Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Li C, Jiang S, Fan X, Zhang Q. Exploring the impact of marital relationship on the mental health of children: Does parent-child relationship matter? J Health Psychol 2018; 25:1669-1680. [PMID: 29682994 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318769348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the associations between marital relationships and parent-child relationships on children's mental health. Participants included 19,487 students from the 2013-2014 baseline China Education Panel Survey. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the data and results revealed that marital and parent-child relationships positively affected children's mental health. Parent-child relationship also played a mediating role between marital relationship and children's mental health. The unique contributions of this study and its theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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12
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Gong X, Paulson SE. Effect of family affective environment on individuals' emotion regulation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Children victimized by peers are at increased risk of ongoing depression. This study investigates treatment resistant depression in children victimized by peers, following participation in a targeted cognitive behavioral family intervention. The sample comprised 39 children aged 6-12 years with elevated depression compared with a general sample, prior to the intervention. Six months after the intervention, 26 were no longer depressed and 13 were still depressed. This study investigated the differentiation of these two groups on the basis of parenting and child factors. Children with treatment resistant depression were discriminated from other children by lower levels of peer support and facilitative parenting immediately after the intervention. It was concluded that ongoing support from parents and peers is needed to reduce the risk of ongoing depression even if victimization has been reduced. Further research could develop a comprehensive profile of children at risk of depression following peer victimization.
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Huang C. Relation Between Attributional Style and Subsequent Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-015-9700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Thurm AE, Carlson GA, Lyons AL, Grant KE, Wagstaff AE. Depressive symptoms in young, urban schoolchildren: environmental, social, and cognitive risk. J Prev Interv Community 2015; 42:169-82. [PMID: 25050602 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2014.916574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined relations among stressors, perceived social competence, attributional style, and depressive symptoms in young urban schoolchildren. Data were collected from 85 5- to 11-year-olds, mostly African American, who attended a public elementary school in a low-income urban area. Social competence was examined as a potential mediator, and attributional style was examined as a potential moderator of the relation between stressful life events and depressive symptoms. Separate analyses were conducted by age and gender. For older children and girls, main effects were found for stressful life events as predictors of depressive symptoms. Mediational analyses indicated that perceived peer acceptance served as a mediator of the relation between stressful life events and depressive symptoms for girls. In addition, attributional style moderated the relation between stressors and depressive symptoms in the older children. Together, findings suggest that significant relations exist among stressful life events, social and cognitive processes, and depressive symptoms in young urban children and that these relations are influenced by gender and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey E Thurm
- a Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience , National Institute of Mental Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
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16
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Cardemil EV, O'Donnell EH, Esposito-Smythers C, D'Eramo KS, Derrick BE, Spirito A, Grant KE, Lambert SF. Depressive symptoms in low-income, urban adolescents: cognitive and contextual factors. J Prev Interv Community 2014; 42:183-95. [PMID: 25050603 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2014.916575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationships among cognitive variables, family immigration history, negative life events, and depressive symptoms in a sample of 306 low-income, urban fifth- and sixth-grade children. Explanatory style and negative automatic thoughts were the cognitive variables examined. There were three key findings. First, children who were immigrants reported significantly more depressive symptoms, more negative life events, and more negative automatic thoughts than children who were not immigrants. Second, both explanatory style and negative automatic thoughts were significantly associated with depressive symptoms above and beyond the effects of child immigration history and negative life events. Finally, negative automatic thoughts mediated the relationship between child immigration history and depressive symptoms. We discuss the clinical and research implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban V Cardemil
- a Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology , Clark University , Worcester , Massachusetts , USA
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Lima NNR, do Nascimento VB, de Carvalho SMF, de Abreu LC, Neto MLR, Brasil AQ, Junior FTC, de Oliveira GF, Reis AOA. Childhood depression: a systematic review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9:1417-25. [PMID: 24092979 PMCID: PMC3788699 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s42402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important public health issue, childhood depression deserves special attention, considering the serious and lasting consequences of the disease to child development. Taking this into consideration, the present study was based on the following question: what practical contributions to clinicians and researchers does the current literature on childhood depression have to offer? The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of articles regarding childhood depression. To accomplish this purpose, a systematic review of articles on childhood depression, published from January 1, 2010 to November 24, 2012, on MEDLINE and SciELO databases was carried out. Search terms were "depression" (medical subject headings [MeSH]), "child" (MeSH), and "childhood depression" (keyword). Of the 180 retrieved studies, 25 met the eligibility criteria. Retrieved studies covered a wide range of aspects regarding childhood depression, such as diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognosis. Recent scientific literature regarding childhood depression converge to, directly or indirectly, highlight the negative impacts of depressive disorders to the children's quality of life. Unfortunately, the retrieved studies show that childhood depression commonly grows in a background of vulnerability and poverty, where individual and familiar needs concerning childhood depression are not always taken into consideration. In this context, this review demonstrated that childhood-onset depression commonly leads to other psychiatric disorders and co-morbidities. Many of the retrieved studies also confirmed the hypothesis that human resources (eg, health care team in general) are not yet adequately trained to address childhood depression. Thus, further research on the development of programs to prepare health care professionals to deal with childhood depression is needed, as well as complementary studies, with larger and more homogeneous samples, centered on prevention and treatment of childhood depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Nara Rolim Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
This research examines whether family disruptions (i.e., divorces and separation) contribute to children's weight problems. The sample consists of 7,299 observations for 2,333 children, aged 5-14, over the 1986-2006 period, from a US representative sample from the Child and Young Adult Survey accompanying the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). The study uses individual-fixed-effects models in a longitudinal framework to compare children's BMI and weight problems before and after a disruption. Furthermore, besides doing a before-after comparison for children, the study also estimates the effects at various periods relative to the disruption in order to examine whether children are affected before the disruption and whether any effects change as time passes from the disruption, as some effects may be temporary or slow to develop. Despite having a larger sample than the previous studies, the results provide no evidence that, on average, children's BMI and BMI percentile scores (measured with continuous outcomes) are affected before the disruption, after the disruption, and as time passes from the disruption, relative to a baseline period a few years before the disruption. However, children experiencing a family disruption do have an increased risk of obesity (having a BMI percentile score of 95 or higher) in the two years leading up to the disruption as well as after the disruption, and as time passes from the disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Arkes
- Naval Postgraduate School, Graduate School of Business and Public Policy, Monterey, CA, USA.
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Schwarz B, Stutz M, Ledermann T. Perceived Interparental Conflict and Early Adolescents’ Friendships: The Role of Attachment Security and Emotion Regulation. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 41:1240-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Šerek J, Lacinová L, Macek P. Does family experience influence political beliefs? Relation between interparental conflict perceptions and political efficacy in late adolescence. J Adolesc 2011; 35:577-86. [PMID: 22024338 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the relation between adolescents' interparental conflict perceptions and their political efficacy regarding local issues. Longitudinal data (age 15 and 17) from 444 adolescents were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that young people experiencing frequent interparental conflict reported an increase in depressive mood during late adolescence, which was associated with lower level of political efficacy. Moreover, adolescents who felt more efficacious when dealing with fighting parents felt more efficacious in local politics, even when controlling for personality traits and depressive mood. One possible explanation is that family perceptions generalize to politics because both contexts share certain similar features. Our results underscore that also seemingly nonpolitical experiences can matter in adolescents' civic and political development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šerek
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Siffert A, Schwarz B, Stutz M. Marital conflict and early adolescents' self-evaluation: the role of parenting quality and early adolescents' appraisals. J Youth Adolesc 2011; 41:749-63. [PMID: 21811886 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive appraisals and family dynamics have been identified as mediators of the relationship between marital conflict and children's adjustment. Surprisingly little research has investigated both meditational processes in the same study. Guided by the cognitive-contextual framework and the spillover hypothesis, the present study integrated factors from both theories early adolescents' appraisals of threat and self-blame, as well as perceived parenting quality as mediators of the link between early adolescents' perception of marital conflict and their self-evaluations (self-esteem and scholastic competence). Analyses were based on the first two waves of an ongoing longitudinal study. Participants were 176 two-parent families, and their early adolescents (50.5% girls) whose mean age was 10.61 years at Time 1 (SD =0.40) and 11.63 years at Time 2 (SD=0.39). Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that parenting quality and early adolescents' perceived threat provided indirect pathways between marital conflict and early adolescents' self-esteem 1 year later when controlling for their initial level of self-esteem. With respect to scholastic competence, only fathers' parenting was an indirect link. Self-blame did not play a role. Implications for understanding the mechanisms by which exposure to marital conflict predicts early adolescents' maladjustment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Siffert
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
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