1
|
Al Enezy-Ulbrich MA, Belthle T, Malyaran H, Kučikas V, Küttner H, de Lange RD, van Zandvoort M, Neuss S, Pich A. Fibrin Hydrogels Reinforced by Reactive Microgels for Stimulus-Triggered Drug Administration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309912. [PMID: 38898722 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a steadily growing field of research due to its wide-ranging applicability in the field of regenerative medicine. Application-dependent mechanical properties of a scaffold material as well as its biocompatibility and tailored functionality represent particular challenges. Here the properties of fibrin-based hydrogels reinforced by functional cytocompatible poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-based (PVCL) microgels are studied and evaluated. The employment of temperature-responsive microgels decorated by epoxy groups for covalent binding to the fibrin is studied as a function of cross-linking degree within the microgels, microgel concentration, as well as temperature. Rheology reveals a strong correlation between the mechanical properties of the reinforced fibrin-based hydrogels and the microgel rigidity and concentration. The incorporated microgels serve as cross-links, which enable temperature-responsive behavior of the hydrogels, and slow down the hydrogel degradation. Microgels can be additionally used as carriers for active drugs, as demonstrated for dexamethasone. The microgels' temperature-responsiveness allows for triggered release of payload, which is monitored using a bioassay. The cytocompatibility of the microgel-reinforced fibrin-based hydrogels is demonstrated by LIVE/DEAD staining experiments using human mesenchymal stem cells. The microgel-reinforced hydrogels are a promising material for tissue engineering, owing to their superior mechanical performance and stability, possibility of drug release, and retained biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aischa Al Enezy-Ulbrich
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Research Area Functional and Interactive Polymers, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomke Belthle
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Research Area Functional and Interactive Polymers, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanna Malyaran
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vytautas Kučikas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Küttner
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Research Area Functional and Interactive Polymers, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Dirk de Lange
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Research Area Functional and Interactive Polymers, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Research Area Functional and Interactive Polymers, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Komarova GA, Gumerov RA, Rudyak VY, Kozhunova EY, Potemkin II, Nasimova IR. Peculiarities of Emulsions Stabilized by Stimuli-Responsive Interpenetrating Polymeric Network Microgels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9414-9425. [PMID: 38651693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Emulsions have become a crucial product form in various industries in modern times. Expanding the class of substances used to stabilize emulsions can improve their stability or introduce new properties. Particularly, the use of stimuli-responsive microgels makes it possible to create "smart" emulsions whose stability can be controlled by changing any of the specified stimuli. Thus, finding new ways to stabilize emulsions may broaden their application. In this work, for the first time, we applied microgels based on interpenetrating polymeric networks (IPNs) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as stabilizing agents for "oil-in-water" emulsions. We have demonstrated that emulsions stabilized by such soft particles can remain colloidally stable for an extended period, even after being heated up to 40 °C, which is above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. On the contrary, the emulsions stabilized by PNIPAM homopolymer microgels were broken upon heating. To understand the stabilization mechanism of the emulsions, mesoscopic computer simulations were performed to study the IPN microgels at the liquid-liquid interface. The simulations demonstrated that when the first subnetwork (PNIPAM) collapses, the particle adopts a flattened core-shell morphology with a highly swollen PAA-rich shell and a collapsed PNIPAM-rich core. Unlike its PNIPAM homopolymer counterpart, the IPN microgel maintains its three-dimensional shape, which provides stability to the microgel-based emulsions over a wide range of temperatures. Our combined findings could be useful in developing new approaches to emulsions' storage, biphasic catalysis, and lubrication of mechanisms in various operating and climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Komarova
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rustam A Gumerov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Department of Condensed Matter, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elena Yu Kozhunova
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina R Nasimova
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mehraji S, Saadatmand M, Eskandari M. Production of letrozole-loaded alginate oxide-gelatin microgels using microfluidic systems for drug delivery applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:129685. [PMID: 38394762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems are capable of producing microgels with a monodisperse size distribution and a spherical shape due to their laminar flow and superior flow. A significant challenge in producing these drug-carrying microgels is simultaneous drug loading into microgels. Various factors such as the type of polymer, the type of drug, the volume ratio of the drug to the polymer, and the geometry of the microfluidic system used to generate microgels can effectively address these challenges. The overall goal of this study was to produce mono-disperse drug-carrying microgels capable of controlled drug release. To achieve this goal, this study used a stream-focused microfluidic chip containing a coating current to prevent chip clogging. Alginate oxide was synthesized with a 30 % oxidation percentage. Alginate oxide, gelatin, and compositions of them with volume ratios of 50-50, 70-30, and 30-70, by determining their appropriate weight percentage, were used for the controlled release of letrozole. The properties of the produced microgels were measured through various tests such as drug release test, loading percentage, SEM, FTIR, swelling ratio, and dimensional stability. It was found that microgels made of a combination of alginate oxide-gelatin with volume ratios of 70-30 had a good swelling ratio and structural stability. The drug loading percentages for alginate, alginate oxide, and alginate oxide-gelatin with volume ratios of 50-50 and 30-70, respectively, were 56 %, 68 %, and 66 %, 61 % and the alginate oxide-gelatin with a volume ratio of 70-30 compared to other samples had over 70 % drug loading percentages. Furthermore, samples of alginate, alginate oxide, and alginate oxide-gelatin with volume ratios of 50-50 and 30-70 had 94 %, 63 %, 56 %, and 68 % drug release in 13 days, respectively. However, alginate oxide-gelatin with a volume ratio of 70-30 had a release rate of about 50 % in 13 days, which is a more controlled release for letrozole compared to the volume ratios of 50-50 and 30-70. Examining the drug release profile, it was concluded that drug release follows the Higuchi model and therefore follows Fick's first law of diffusion. It can be concluded that the combination of alginate oxide-gelatin produces more suitable microgels than alginate and alginate oxide for the controlled-release of letrozole. A comparison of microgels of alginate oxide and gelatin with volume ratios of 50-50 and 70-30 had better results for the cytotoxicity study compared to other samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Mehraji
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Saadatmand
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Eskandari
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic University), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simons J, Hazra N, Petrunin AV, Crassous JJ, Richtering W, Hohenschutz M. Nonionic Microgels Adapt to Ionic Guest Molecules: Superchaotropic Nanoions. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7546-7557. [PMID: 38417118 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Microgels are commonly applied as solute carriers, where the size, density, and functionality of the microgels depend on solute binding. As representatives for ionic solutes with high affinity for the microgel, we study here the effect of superchaotropic Keggin polyoxometalates (POMs) PW12O403- (PW) and SiW12O404- (SiW) on the aqueous swelling and internal structure of nonionic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNiPAM) microgels by light scattering techniques and small-angle X-ray scattering. Due to their weak hydration, these POMs bind spontaneously to the microgels at millimolar concentrations. The microgels thus become charged and swell at low POM concentration, surprisingly without strongly increasing the volume phase transition temperature, and deswell at higher POM concentration. The swelling arises because of the osmotic pressure of dissociated counterions of the POMs, while the deswelling is due to POMs acting as physical cross-links in the microgels under screened electrostatics in NaCl or excess POM solution. This swelling/deswelling transition is sharper for PW than for SiW related to the lower charge density, weaker hydration, and stronger binding of PW. The POMs elicit qualitatively and quantitatively different swelling effects from ionic surfactants and classical salts. Moreover, the network softness and topology govern the swelling response upon POM binding. The softer the microgel, the stronger is the swelling response, while, inside the microgel, regions of high polymer density swell/contract more upon electric charging/cross-linking than regions with low polymer density. POM binding thus enables fine-tuning of microgel properties and highlights the role of network topology in microgel swelling. Because POMs decompose at an alkaline pH, these POM/microgel systems also exhibit pH-responsive swelling in addition to the typical temperature responsiveness of pNiPAM microgels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Simons
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nabanita Hazra
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander V Petrunin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jérôme J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Max Hohenschutz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chaudhari AK, Das S, Dwivedi A, Dubey NK. Application of chitosan and other biopolymers based edible coatings containing essential oils as green and innovative strategy for preservation of perishable food products: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127688. [PMID: 37890742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration of perishable foods due to fungal contamination and lipid peroxidation are the most threatened concern to food industry. Different chemical preservatives have been used to overcome these constrains; however their repetitive use has been cautioned owing to their negative impact after consumption. Therefore, attention has been paid to essential oils (EOs) because of their natural origin and proven antifungal and antioxidant activities. Many EO-based formulations have been in use but their industrial-scale application is still limited, possibly due to its poor solubility, vulnerability towards oxidation, and aroma effect on treated foods. In this sense, active food packaging using biopolymers could be considered as promising approach. The biopolymers can enhance the stability and effectiveness of EOs through controlled release, thus minimizes the deterioration of foods caused by fungal pathogens and oxidation without compromising their sensory properties. This review gives a concise appraisal on latest advances in active food packaging, particularly developed from natural polymers (chitosan, cellulose, cyclodextrins etc.), characteristics of biopolymers, and current status of EOs. Then, different packaging and their effectiveness against fungal pathogens, lipid-oxidation, and sensory properties with recent previous works has been discussed. Finally, effort was made to highlights their safety and commercialization aspects towards market solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Chaudhari
- Department of Botany, Rajkiya Mahila Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh 233001, India.
| | - Somenath Das
- Department of Botany, Burdwan Raj College, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Awanindra Dwivedi
- National Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bektas C, Mao Y. Hydrogel Microparticles for Bone Regeneration. Gels 2023; 10:28. [PMID: 38247752 PMCID: PMC10815488 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) stand out as promising entities in the realm of bone tissue regeneration, primarily due to their versatile capabilities in delivering cells and bioactive molecules/drugs. Their significance is underscored by distinct attributes such as injectability, biodegradability, high porosity, and mechanical tunability. These characteristics play a pivotal role in fostering vasculature formation, facilitating mineral deposition, and contributing to the overall regeneration of bone tissue. Fabricated through diverse techniques (batch emulsion, microfluidics, lithography, and electrohydrodynamic spraying), HMPs exhibit multifunctionality, serving as vehicles for drug and cell delivery, providing structural scaffolding, and functioning as bioinks for advanced 3D-printing applications. Distinguishing themselves from other scaffolds like bulk hydrogels, cryogels, foams, meshes, and fibers, HMPs provide a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, promoting improved interactions with the surrounding tissues and facilitating the efficient delivery of cells and bioactive molecules. Notably, their minimally invasive injectability and modular properties, offering various designs and configurations, contribute to their attractiveness for biomedical applications. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the progressive advancements in HMPs, specifically for bone regeneration. The exploration encompasses synthesis and functionalization techniques, providing an understanding of their diverse applications, as documented in the existing literature. The overarching goal is to shed light on the advantages and potential of HMPs within the field of engineering bone tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Mao
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lamch Ł, Szczęsna W, Balicki SJ, Bartman M, Szyk-Warszyńska L, Warszyński P, Wilk KA. Multiheaded Cationic Surfactants with Dedicated Functionalities: Design, Synthetic Strategies, Self-Assembly and Performance. Molecules 2023; 28:5806. [PMID: 37570776 PMCID: PMC10421305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary research concerning surfactant science and technology comprises a variety of requirements relating to the design of surfactant structures with widely varying architectures to achieve physicochemical properties and dedicated functionality. Such approaches are necessary to make them applicable to modern technologies, such as nanostructure engineering, surface structurization or fine chemicals, e.g., magnetic surfactants, biocidal agents, capping and stabilizing reagents or reactive agents at interfaces. Even slight modifications of a surfactant's molecular structure with respect to the conventional single-head-single-tail design allow for various custom-designed products. Among them, multicharge structures are the most intriguing. Their preparation requires specific synthetic routes that enable both main amphiphilic compound synthesis using appropriate step-by-step reaction strategies or coupling approaches as well as further derivatization toward specific features such as magnetic properties. Some of the most challenging aspects of multicharge cationic surfactants relate to their use at different interfaces for stable nanostructures formation, applying capping effects or complexation with polyelectrolytes. Multiheaded cationic surfactants exhibit strong antimicrobial and antiviral activity, allowing them to be implemented in various biomedical fields, especially biofilm prevention and eradication. Therefore, recent advances in synthetic strategies for multiheaded cationic surfactants, their self-aggregation and performance are scrutinized in this up-to-date review, emphasizing their applications in different fields such as building blocks in nanostructure engineering and their use as fine chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lamch
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (Ł.L.); (W.S.); (S.J.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Weronika Szczęsna
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (Ł.L.); (W.S.); (S.J.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Sebastian J. Balicki
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (Ł.L.); (W.S.); (S.J.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Marcin Bartman
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (Ł.L.); (W.S.); (S.J.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Liliana Szyk-Warszyńska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (L.S.-W.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Warszyński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (L.S.-W.); (P.W.)
| | - Kazimiera A. Wilk
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (Ł.L.); (W.S.); (S.J.B.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ortega A, Valencia S, Rivera E, Segura T, Burillo G. Reinforcement of Acrylamide Hydrogels with Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Gamma Radiation for Antibiotic Drug Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:602. [PMID: 37623057 PMCID: PMC10453701 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report the synthesis of acrylamide hydrogels (net-AAm) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using gamma radiation, a powerful tool to obtain crosslinked polymers without the use of chemical initiators and crosslinking agents. Some slight changes in the chemical structure and crystallinity of CNCs took place during gamma irradiation without affecting the nanofiller function. In fact, cellulose nanocrystals had a notable influence over the swelling and mechanical properties on the reinforced hydrogels (net-AAm/CNC), obtaining more rigid material since the Young compression modulus increased from 11 kPa for unreinforced net-AAm to 30 kPa for net-AAm/CNC (4% w/w). Moreover, the studies of retention and release of ciprofloxacin (Cx), a quinolone antibiotic drug, showed that reinforced hydrogels were able to load large amounts of ciprofloxacin (1.2-2.8 mg g-1) but they distributed 100% of the drug very quickly (<100 min). Despite this, they exhibited better mechanical properties than the control sample, allowing their handling, and could be used as wound dressings of first response because they can absorb the exudate and at the same time deliver an antibiotic drug directly over the injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ortega
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.O.); (S.V.)
| | - Silvia Valencia
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.O.); (S.V.)
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Tania Segura
- Departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Las Agujas, Zapopan 45200, Mexico;
| | - Guillermina Burillo
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.O.); (S.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Naficy S, Ramezani M, Cunningham M, Jessop P. CO 2-responsive gels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3470-3542. [PMID: 37128844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CO2-responsive materials undergo a change in chemical or physical properties in response to the introduction or removal of CO2. The use of CO2 as a stimulus is advantageous as it is abundant, benign, inexpensive, and it does not accumulate in a system. Many CO2-responsive materials have already been explored including polymers, latexes, surfactants, and catalysts. As a sub-set of CO2-responsive polymers, the study of CO2-responsive gels (insoluble, cross-linked polymers) is a unique discipline due to the unique set of changes in the gels brought about by CO2 such as swelling or a transformed morphology. In the past 15 years, CO2-responsive gels and self-assembled gels have been investigated for a variety of emerging potential applications, reported in 90 peer-reviewed publications. The two most widely exploited properties include the control of flow (fluids) via CO2-triggered aggregation and their capacity for reversible CO2 absorption-desorption, leading to applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 sequestration, respectively. In this paper, we review the preparation, properties, and applications of these CO2-responsive gels, broadly classified by particle size as nanogels, microgels, aerogels, and macrogels. We have included a section on CO2-induced self-assembled gels (including poly(ionic liquid) gels).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Centre for Excellence in Advanced Food Enginomics (CAFE), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maedeh Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
| | - Michael Cunningham
- Department of Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Philip Jessop
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhaladhare S, Bhattacharjee S. Chemical, physical, and biological stimuli-responsive nanogels for biomedical applications (mechanisms, concepts, and advancements): A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:535-553. [PMID: 36521697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology has influenced the advancements in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The design and formulation of stimuli-responsive nano-drug delivery systems, also called smart drug delivery systems, have attracted significant research worldwide and have been seen as a breakthrough in nanomedicines. The ability of these nanocarriers to respond to external and internal stimuli, such as pH, temperature, redox, electric and magnetic fields, enzymes, etc., has allowed them to deliver the cargo at targeted sites in a controlled fashion. The targeted drug delivery systems limit the harmful side effects on healthy tissue by toxic drugs and furnish spatial and temporal control drug delivery, improved patient compliance, and treatment efficiency. The polymeric nanogels (hydrogel nanoparticles) with stimuli-responsive characteristics have shown great potential in various biomedical, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical fields. It is primarily because of their small size, biocompatibility, biodegradability, stimuli-triggered drug deliverability, high payload capacity, and tailored functionality. This comprehensive review deals distinctively with polymeric nanogels, their chemical, physical, and biological stimuli, the concepts of nanogels response to different stimuli, and recent advancements. This document will further improve the current understanding of stimuli-responsive materials and drug delivery systems and assist in exploring advanced potential applications of these intelligent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Bhaladhare
- Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India.
| | - Sulagna Bhattacharjee
- Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen M, Shou Z, Jin X, Chen Y. Emerging strategies in nanotechnology to treat respiratory tract infections: realizing current trends for future clinical perspectives. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2442-2458. [PMID: 35892224 PMCID: PMC9341380 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2089294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A boom in respiratory tract infection cases has inflicted a socio-economic burden on the healthcare system worldwide, especially in developing countries. Limited alternative therapeutic options have posed a major threat to human health. Nanotechnology has brought an immense breakthrough in the pharmaceutical industry in a jiffy. The vast applications of nanotechnology ranging from early diagnosis to treatment strategies are employed for respiratory tract infections. The research avenues explored a multitude of nanosystems for effective drug delivery to the target site and combating the issues laid through multidrug resistance and protective niches of the bacteria. In this review a brief introduction to respiratory diseases and multifaceted barriers imposed by bacterial infections are enlightened. The manuscript reviewed different nanosystems, i.e. liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanogels, and metallic (gold and silver) which enhanced bactericidal effects, prevented biofilm formation, improved mucus penetration, and site-specific delivery. Moreover, most of the nanotechnology-based recent research is in a preclinical and clinical experimental stage and safety assessment is still challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Chen
- Emergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangxuan Shou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Tiantai County, Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Structural and bioactive roles of fucoidan in nanogel delivery systems. A review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
13
|
Nanogels: Update on the methods of synthesis and applications for cardiovascular and neurological complications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Fabrication, optimization and characterization of preformed-particle-gel containing nanogel particles for conformance control in oil reservoirs. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
15
|
Preparation of poly (acrylic acid) microgels by alcohol type cross-linkers and a comparison with other cross-linking methods. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Hussain I, Shahid M, Ali F, Irfan A, Farooqi ZH, Begum R. Methacrylic acid based microgels and hybrid microgels. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methacrylic acid based microgels have got much consideration in the last two decades because of their potential uses in different fields owing to their responsive behaviour towards external stimuli. Synthesis, properties and uses of methacrylic acid based microgels and their hybrids have been critically reviewed in this article. With minute change in external stimuli such as pH and ionic strength of medium, these microgels show quick swelling/deswelling reversibly. The methacrylic acid based microgels have been widely reported for applications in the area of nanotechnology, drug delivery, sensing and catalysis due to their responsive behaviour. A critical review of current research development in this field along with upcoming perception is presented here. This discussion is concluded with proposed probable future studies for additional growth in this field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Faisal Ali
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Lahore , 1-KM Defence road , Main Campus , Lahore 53700 , Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor H. Farooqi
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kittel Y, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Translating Therapeutic Microgels into Clinical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101989. [PMID: 34826201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are crosslinked, water-swollen networks with a 10 nm to 100 µm diameter and can be modified chemically or biologically to render them biocompatible for advanced clinical applications. Depending on their intended use, microgels require different mechanical and structural properties, which can be engineered on demand by altering the biochemical composition, crosslink density of the polymer network, and the fabrication method. Here, the fundamental aspects of microgel research and development, as well as their specific applications for theranostics and therapy in the clinic, are discussed. A detailed overview of microgel fabrication techniques with regards to their intended clinical application is presented, while focusing on how microgels can be employed as local drug delivery materials, scavengers, and contrast agents. Moreover, microgels can act as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration application. Finally, an overview of microgels is given, which already made it into pre-clinical and clinical trials, while future challenges and chances are discussed. This review presents an instructive guideline for chemists, material scientists, and researchers in the biomedical field to introduce them to the fundamental physicochemical properties of microgels and guide them from fabrication methods via characterization techniques and functionalization of microgels toward specific applications in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Kittel
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) Polymeric Biomaterials RWTH University Aachen Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max Planck School‐Matter to Life (MtL) Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB) Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS) University Hospital RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rozhkova YA, Burin DA, Galkin SV, Yang H. Review of Microgels for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Properties and Cases of Application. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020112. [PMID: 35200492 PMCID: PMC8871831 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In todays’ world, there is an increasing number of mature oil fields every year, a phenomenon that is leading to the development of more elegant enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies that are potentially effective for reservoir profile modification. The technology of conformance control using crosslinked microgels is one the newest trends that is gaining momentum every year. This is due to the simplicity of the treatment process and its management, as well as the guaranteed effect in the case of the correct well candidate selection. We identified the following varieties of microgels: microspheres, thermo- and pH-responsible microgels, thin fracture of preformed particle gels, colloidal dispersed gels. In this publication, we try to combine the available chemical aspects of microgel production with the practical features of their application at oil production facilities. The purpose of this publication is to gather available information about microgels (synthesis method, monomers) and to explore world experience in microgel application for enhanced oil recovery. This article will be of great benefit to specialists engaged in polymer technologies at the initial stage of microgel development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Rozhkova
- Faculty of Chemical Technologies, Industrial Ecology and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia; (Y.A.R.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Denis A. Burin
- Faculty of Chemical Technologies, Industrial Ecology and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia; (Y.A.R.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Sergey V. Galkin
- Mining and Oil Faculty, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(342)-2-198-118
| | - Hongbin Yang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nguyen NT, Bui QA, Nguyen HHN, Nguyen TT, Ly KL, Tran HLB, Doan VN, Nhi TTY, Nguyen NH, Nguyen NH, Tran NQ, Nguyen DT. Curcuminoid Co-Loading Platinum Heparin-Poloxamer P403 Nanogel Increasing Effectiveness in Antitumor Activity. Gels 2022; 8:59. [PMID: 35049594 PMCID: PMC8774475 DOI: 10.3390/gels8010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized multi-drug delivery systems provide synergistic effects between drugs and bioactive compounds, resulting in increased overall efficiency and restricted side effects compared to conventional single-drug chemotherapy. In this study, we develop an amphiphilic heparin-poloxamer P403 (HP403) nanogel that could effectively co-load curcuminoid (Cur) and cisplatin hydrate (CisOH) (HP403@CisOH@Cur) via two loading mechanisms. The HP403 nanogels and HP403@CisOH@Cur nanogels were closely analyzed with 1H-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM, and DLS, exhibiting high stability in spherical forms. In drug release profiles, accelerated behavior of Cur and CisOH at pH 5.5 compared with neutral pH was observed, suggesting effective delivery of the compounds in tumor sites. In vitro studies showed high antitumor activity of HP403@CisOH@Cur nanogels, while in vivo assays showed that the dual-drug platform prolonged the survival time of mice and prevented tail necrosis. In summary, HP403@CisOH@Cur offers an intriguing strategy to achieve the cisplatin and curcumin synergistic effect in a well-designed delivery platform that increases antitumor effectiveness and overcomes undesired consequences caused by cisplatin in breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc The Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine-Pharmacy, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam; (T.T.N.); (K.L.L.)
| | - Quynh Anh Bui
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71500, Vietnam; (Q.A.B.); (N.H.N.); (N.Q.T.)
| | - Hoang Huong Nhu Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science—Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 72700, Vietnam; (H.H.N.N.); (H.L.B.T.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Tien Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine-Pharmacy, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam; (T.T.N.); (K.L.L.)
| | - Khanh Linh Ly
- Faculty of Medicine-Pharmacy, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam; (T.T.N.); (K.L.L.)
| | - Ha Le Bao Tran
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science—Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 72700, Vietnam; (H.H.N.N.); (H.L.B.T.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Vu Nguyen Doan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science—Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 72700, Vietnam; (H.H.N.N.); (H.L.B.T.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Tran Thi Yen Nhi
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71500, Vietnam;
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 72800, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Hoa Nguyen
- German Vietnamese Technology Center, HCMC University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City 72000, Vietnam;
| | - Ngoc Hao Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71500, Vietnam; (Q.A.B.); (N.H.N.); (N.Q.T.)
| | - Ngoc Quyen Tran
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71500, Vietnam; (Q.A.B.); (N.H.N.); (N.Q.T.)
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71500, Vietnam;
| | - Dinh Trung Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71500, Vietnam; (Q.A.B.); (N.H.N.); (N.Q.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Gao G, Wang X, Chen M, Bowman CN, Stansbury JW. Functional Nanogels as a Route to Interpenetrating Polymer Networks with Improved Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiance Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mingtao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saracoglu P, Ozmen MM. Starch Based Nanogels: From Synthesis to Miscellaneous Applications. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Saracoglu
- Department of Bioengineering Yildiz Technical University Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Ozmen
- Department of Bioengineering Yildiz Technical University Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Faraji N, Esrafili A, Esfandiari B, Abednezhad A, Naghizadeh M, Arasteh J. Synthesis of pH-sensitive hyaluronic acid nanogels loaded with paclitaxel and interferon gamma: Characterization and effect on the A549 lung carcinoma cell line. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111845. [PMID: 34015733 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in various populations. Apart from the effects that anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel (PTX) have on cancer cells, they also have many side effects on healthy cells. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is also one of the cytokines used in the treatment of cancer. Current research is focused on providing new drug carriers to find new therapeutic goals. After synthesis of nanogels and loading of PTX and IFN-γ, the cytotoxicity of these nanogels on A549 and HEK293 healthy cell line was measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Finally, the expression of STAT1 gene was investigated using Real time-PCR. The results of MTT assay showed that the survival rate of healthy cells treated with PTX and IFN-γ-loaded nanogels was 2.15 and 2.39 times higher than cancer cells, respectively. The results also showed that the gene expression STAT1 in A549 cells exposed to these nanogels was higher than healthy cells (p < 0.05). Based on flow cytometry results, the death rate of healthy cells treated with the mentioned nanogels was lower than cancer cells (p < 0.05). Therefore, Studies showed that synthesized nanogels have positive effects on cancer cells and also have fewer side effects on healthy cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Faraji
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Esfandiari
- Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Abednezhad
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naghizadeh
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Arasteh
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sahiner N. Self-Crosslinked Ellipsoidal Poly(Tannic Acid) Particles for Bio-Medical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092429. [PMID: 33921976 PMCID: PMC8122271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-crosslinking of Tannic acid (TA) was accomplished to obtain poly(tannic acid) (p(TA)) particles in single step, surfactant free media using sodium periodate (NaIO4) as an oxidizing agent. Almost monodisperse p(TA) particles with 981 ± 76 nm sizes and −22 ± 4 mV zeta potential value with ellipsoidal shape was obtained. Only slight degradation of p(TA) particles with 6.8 ± 0.2% was observed at pH 7.4 in PBS up to 15 days because of the irreversible covalent formation between TA units, suggesting that hydrolytic degradation is independent from the used amounts of oxidation agents. p(TA) particles were found to be non-hemolytic up to 0.5 mg/mL concentration and found not to affect blood clotting mechanism up to 2 mg/mL concentration. Antioxidant activity of p(TA) particles was investigated by total phenol content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total flavanoid content (TFC), and Fe (II) chelating activity. p(TA) particles showed strong antioxidant capability in comparison to TA molecules, except FRAP assay. The antibacterial activity of p(TA) particles was investigated by micro-dilution technique on E. coli as Gram‑negative and S. aureus as Gram-positive bacteria and found that p(TA) particles are more effective on S. aureus with over 50% inhibition at 20 mg/mL concentration attained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurettin Sahiner
- Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Department of Chemistry, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey; or ; Tel.: +1-813-974-0135; Fax: +1-813-974-5621
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12,901 Bruce B Downs B. Downs Blv., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mauri E, Giannitelli SM, Trombetta M, Rainer A. Synthesis of Nanogels: Current Trends and Future Outlook. Gels 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 33805279 PMCID: PMC8103252 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanogels represent an innovative platform for tunable drug release and targeted therapy in several biomedical applications, ranging from cancer to neurological disorders. The design of these nanocarriers is a pivotal topic investigated by the researchers over the years, with the aim to optimize the procedures and provide advanced nanomaterials. Chemical reactions, physical interactions and the developments of engineered devices are the three main areas explored to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional nanofabrication approaches. This review proposes a focus on the current techniques used in nanogel design, highlighting the upgrades in physico-chemical methodologies, microfluidics and 3D printing. Polymers and biomolecules can be combined to produce ad hoc nanonetworks according to the final curative aims, preserving the criteria of biocompatibility and biodegradability. Controlled polymerization, interfacial reactions, sol-gel transition, manipulation of the fluids at the nanoscale, lab-on-a-chip technology and 3D printing are the leading strategies to lean on in the next future and offer new solutions to the critical healthcare scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (S.M.G.); (M.T.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Piras CC, Kay AG, Genever PG, Smith DK. Self-assembled low-molecular-weight gelator injectable microgel beads for delivery of bioactive agents. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3958-3965. [PMID: 34163666 PMCID: PMC8179440 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the preparation of hybrid self-assembled microgel beads by combining the low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) DBS-CONHNH2 and the natural polysaccharide calcium alginate polymer gelator (PG). Microgel formulations based on LMWGs are extremely rare due to the fragility of the self-assembled networks and the difficulty of retaining any imposed shape. Our hybrid beads contain interpenetrated LMWG and PG networks, and are obtained by an emulsion method, allowing the preparation of spherical gel particles of controllable sizes with diameters in the mm or μm range. Microgels based on LMWG/alginate can be easily prepared with reproducible diameters <1 μm (ca. 800 nm). They are stable in water at room temperature for many months, and survive injection through a syringe. The rapid assembly of the LMWG on cooling plays an active role in helping control the diameter of the microgel beads. These LMWG microbeads retained the ability of the parent gel to deliver the bioactive molecule heparin, and in cell culture medium this enhanced the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells. Such microgels may therefore have future applications in tissue repair. This approach to fabricating LMWG microgels is a platform technology, which could potentially be applied to a variety of different functional LMWGs, and hence has wide-ranging potential. We report microgel beads with diameters of ca. 800 nm based on interpenetrating networks of a low-molecular-weight gelator and a polymer gelator, and demonstrate their use as heparin delivery vehicles to enhance stem cell growth.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Alasdair G Kay
- Department of Biology, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Paul G Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lipophilic effect of various pluronic-grafted gelatin copolymers on the quercetin delivery efficiency in these self-assembly nanogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
28
|
Centomo P, Zecca M, Biffis A. Cross-Linked Polymers as Scaffolds for the Low-Temperature Preparation of Nanostructured Metal Oxides. Chemistry 2020; 26:9243-9260. [PMID: 32357276 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current state of the art of the use of cross-linked organic polymers, both insoluble (resins or gels) and soluble (micro- and nanogels), as aids for the low-temperature preparation of stable metal oxide nanoparticles or nanostructured metal oxides is reviewed herein. Synthetic strategies for inorganic oxide nanomaterials of this kind can greatly benefit from the use of cross-linked polymers, which may act as scaffolds/exotemplates during inorganic nanoparticle synthesis, or as stabilizers following post-synthetic modification of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the peculiar properties of the organic cross-linked polymers add to those of the inorganic oxide nanoparticles, producing materials with combined properties. The potential applications of such highly promising composite nanomaterials will be also briefly sketched.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Centomo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Biffis
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sahiner N, Suner SS, Ayyala RS. Preparation of hyaluronic acid and copolymeric hyaluronic acid: sucrose particles as tunable antibiotic carriers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Gao G, Han X, Sowan N, Zhang X, Shah PK, Chen M, Bowman CN, Stansbury JW. Stress Relaxation via Covalent Dynamic Bonds in Nanogel-Containing Thiol-Ene Resins. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:713-719. [PMID: 35648559 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional nanogels are attractive additives for use in polymer composites. In this study, nanogels with internal allyl sulfide moieties throughout their network structure were prepared via a thiol-Michael addition reaction. The excess thiol-functionalized nanogels were less than 60 nm as discrete particles but act as room-temperature liquids in the bulk state. The reactive nanogels can be dispersed in and swollen by a thiol-ene matrix resin, which upon photopolymerization yields dramatically decreased levels of polymerization shrinkage stress. Furthermore, the postcured nanogel-modified polymers effectively relaxed applied stresses as well as enhanced toughness during exposure to a UV light source that activated the addition-fragmentation as a means for dynamic bond exchange. These nanogels provide a generic approach to introduce adaptable network performance that significantly improves a number of key properties of glassy cross-linked polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xun Han
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nancy Sowan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xinpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Parag K. Shah
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mingtao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Synthesis optimization and characterization of high molecular weight polymeric nanoparticles as EOR agent for harsh condition reservoirs. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-2017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Minina ES, Sánchez PA, Likos CN, Kantorovich SS. Studying synthesis confinement effects on the internal structure of nanogels in computer simulations. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
34
|
“Smart” IPN microgels with different network structures: Self-crosslinked vs conventionally crosslinked. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
35
|
Newsom JP, Payne KA, Krebs MD. Microgels: Modular, tunable constructs for tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:32-41. [PMID: 30769137 PMCID: PMC6441611 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer microgels are emerging as a versatile tool for aiding in the regeneration of damaged tissues due to their biocompatible nature, tunable microporous structure, ability to encapsulate bioactive factors, and tailorable properties such as stiffness and composition. These properties of microgels, along with their injectability, have allowed for their utilization in a multitude of different tissue engineering applications. Controlled release of growth factors, antibodies, and other bioactive factors from microgels have demonstrated their capabilities as transporters for essential bioactive molecules necessary for guiding tissue reconstruction. Additionally, recent in vitro studies of cellular interaction and proliferation within microgel structures have laid the initial groundwork for regenerative tissue engineering using these materials. Microgels have even been crosslinked together in various ways or 3D printed to form three-dimensional scaffolds to support cell growth. In vivo studies of microgels have pioneered the clinical relevance of these novel and innovative materials for regenerative tissue engineering. This review will cover recent developments and research of microgels as they pertain to bioactive factor release, cellular interaction and proliferation in vitro, and tissue regeneration in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review is focused on state-of-the-art microgel technology and innovations within the tissue engineering field, focusing on the use of microgels in bioactive factor delivery and as cell-interactive scaffolds, both in vitro and in vivo. Microgels are hydrogel microparticles that can be tuned based on the biopolymer from which they are derived, the crosslinking chemistry used, and the fabrication method. The emergence of microgels for tissue regeneration applications in recent years illuminates their versatility and applicability in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake P Newsom
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Karin A Payne
- Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Melissa D Krebs
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Talaei S, Mellatyar H, Asadi A, Akbarzadeh A, Sheervalilou R, Zarghami N. Spotlight on 17-AAG as an Hsp90 inhibitor for molecular targeted cancer treatment. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:760-786. [PMID: 30697932 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a ubiquitous chaperone with important roles in the organization and maturation of client proteins that are involved in the progression and survival of cancer cells. Multiple oncogenic pathways can be affected by inhibition of Hsp90 function through degradation of its client proteins. That makes Hsp90 a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG) is a potent Hsp90 inhibitor that binds to Hsp90 and inhibits its chaperoning function, which results in the degradation of Hsp90's client proteins. There have been several preclinical studies of 17-AAG as a single agent or in combination with other anticancer agents for a wide range of human cancers. Data from various phases of clinical trials show that 17-AAG can be given safely at biologically active dosages with mild toxicity. Even though 17-AAG has suitable pharmacological potency, its low water solubility and high hepatotoxicity could significantly restrict its clinical use. Nanomaterials-based drug delivery carriers may overcome these drawbacks. In this paper, we review preclinical and clinical research on 17-AAG as a single agent and in combination with other anticancer agents. In addition, we highlight the potential of using nanocarriers and nanocombination therapy to improve therapeutic effects of 17-AAG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sona Talaei
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Mellatyar
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gao G, Shah PK, Liu T, Stansbury JW. Step-growth Production of Nanogels for Use as Macromers with Dimethacrylate Monomers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019; 134:85-92. [PMID: 30636923 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of functional nanogels were synthesized by a step-growth mechanism that involved diisocyanate addition to a modest stoichiometric excess of multi-thiols. Nanogels with sizes less than 10 nm were obtained as room temperature liquids with residual thiol groups used to attach methacrylate functionality. Depending on nanogel structure, bulk nanogel properties varied widely, as did the properties of the nanogel-derived and nanogel-modified polymers. Photopolymerization of the reactive nanogels in combination with a dimethacrylate monomer showed dramatically enhanced reaction rate and conversion compared with the dimethacrylate homopolymer. Polymerization shrinkage/ stress as well as mechanical properties of the polymer networks were controlled by changing the ratio of nanogels and dimethacrylate monomers used in formulations. Thus, this study shows the potential of step-growth nanogels for beneficial changes in resin reactivity and application-based performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 -0596, USA
| | - Parag K Shah
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 -0596, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 -0596, USA
| | - Jeffery W Stansbury
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 -0596, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 -0596, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Begum R, Farooqi ZH, Ahmed E, Sharif A, Wu W, Irfan A. Fundamentals and applications of acrylamide based microgels and their hybrids: a review. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13838-13854. [PMID: 35519604 PMCID: PMC9064016 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00699k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in synthesis, characterization and applications of acrylamide based polymer microgels and their hybrids are discussed for further development in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robina Begum
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of the Punjab
- Lahore 54590
- Pakistan
- Centre for Undergraduate Studies
| | | | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of the Punjab
- Lahore 54590
- Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Sharif
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of the Punjab
- Lahore 54590
- Pakistan
| | - Weitai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advance Materials Science
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413
- Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
A review on pH and temperature responsive gels and other less explored drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
40
|
Ma L, Wu P. The role of unique spatial structure in the volume phase transition behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based interpenetrating polymer network microgels including a thermosensitive poly(ionic liquid). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00340h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By comparing with the linear homopolymer mixture, the influence of spatial structure on the phase behavior of thermosensitive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) microgels was clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
| | - Peiyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
| |
Collapse
|