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Reproducing extracellular matrix adverse remodelling of non-ST myocardial infarction in a large animal model. Nat Commun 2023; 14:995. [PMID: 36813782 PMCID: PMC9945840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and associated long-term high mortality constitutes an urgent clinical issue. Unfortunately, the study of possible interventions to treat this pathology lacks a reproducible pre-clinical model. Indeed, currently adopted small and large animal models of MI mimic only full-thickness, ST-segment-elevation (STEMI) infarcts, and hence cater only for an investigation into therapeutics and interventions directed at this subset of MI. Thus, we develop an ovine model of NSTEMI by ligating the myocardial muscle at precise intervals parallel to the left anterior descending coronary artery. Upon histological and functional investigation to validate the proposed model and comparison with STEMI full ligation model, RNA-seq and proteomics show the distinctive features of post-NSTEMI tissue remodelling. Transcriptome and proteome-derived pathway analyses at acute (7 days) and late (28 days) post-NSTEMI pinpoint specific alterations in cardiac post-ischaemic extracellular matrix. Together with the rise of well-known markers of inflammation and fibrosis, NSTEMI ischaemic regions show distinctive patterns of complex galactosylated and sialylated N-glycans in cellular membranes and extracellular matrix. Identifying such changes in molecular moieties accessible to infusible and intra-myocardial injectable drugs sheds light on developing targeted pharmacological solutions to contrast adverse fibrotic remodelling.
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2
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Perera T, Pius C, Niort B, Radcliffe EJ, Dibb KM, Trafford AW, Pinali C. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy reveals region-dependent remodelling of transverse tubules post-myocardial infarction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210331. [PMID: 36189812 PMCID: PMC9527908 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly organized transverse tubule (t-tubule) network facilitates cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and synchronous cardiac myocyte contraction. In cardiac failure secondary to myocardial infarction (MI), changes in the structure and organization of t-tubules result in impaired cardiac contractility. However, there is still little knowledge on the regional variation of t-tubule remodelling in cardiac failure post-MI. Here, we investigate post-MI t-tubule remodelling in infarct border and remote regions, using serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) applied to a translationally relevant sheep ischaemia reperfusion MI model and matched controls. We performed minimally invasive coronary angioplasty of the left anterior descending artery, followed by reperfusion after 90 min to establish the MI model. Left ventricular tissues obtained from control and MI hearts eight weeks post-MI were imaged using SBF-SEM. Image analysis generated three-dimensional reconstructions of the t-tubular network in control, MI border and remote regions. Quantitative analysis revealed that the MI border region was characterized by t-tubule depletion and fragmentation, dilation of surviving t-tubules and t-tubule elongation. This study highlights region-dependent remodelling of the tubular network post-MI and may provide novel localized therapeutic targets aimed at preservation or restoration of the t-tubules to manage cardiac contractility post-MI. This article is part of the theme issue 'The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi Perera
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Charlene Pius
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Barbara Niort
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Emma J. Radcliffe
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Katharine M. Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Andrew W. Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Christian Pinali
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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Tran RDH, Morris TA, Gonzalez D, Hetta AHSHA, Grosberg A. Quantitative Evaluation of Cardiac Cell Interactions and Responses to Cyclic Strain. Cells 2021; 10:3199. [PMID: 34831422 PMCID: PMC8625419 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has a dynamic mechanical environment contributed by its unique cellular composition and the resultant complex tissue structure. In pathological heart tissue, both the mechanics and cell composition can change and influence each other. As a result, the interplay between the cell phenotype and mechanical stimulation needs to be considered to understand the biophysical cell interactions and organization in healthy and diseased myocardium. In this work, we hypothesized that the overall tissue organization is controlled by varying densities of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in the heart. In order to test this hypothesis, we utilized a combination of mechanical strain, co-cultures of different cell types, and inhibitory drugs that block intercellular junction formation. To accomplish this, an image analysis pipeline was developed to automatically measure cell type-specific organization relative to the stretch direction. The results indicated that cardiac cell type-specific densities influence the overall organization of heart tissue such that it is possible to model healthy and fibrotic heart tissue in vitro. This study provides insight into how to mimic the dynamic mechanical environment of the heart in engineered tissue as well as providing valuable information about the process of cardiac remodeling and repair in diseased hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Duc Hien Tran
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617-2700, USA; (R.D.H.T.); (T.A.M.); (D.G.); (A.H.S.H.A.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Tessa Altair Morris
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617-2700, USA; (R.D.H.T.); (T.A.M.); (D.G.); (A.H.S.H.A.H.)
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Daniela Gonzalez
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617-2700, USA; (R.D.H.T.); (T.A.M.); (D.G.); (A.H.S.H.A.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Ali Hatem Salaheldin Hassan Ahmed Hetta
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617-2700, USA; (R.D.H.T.); (T.A.M.); (D.G.); (A.H.S.H.A.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617-2700, USA; (R.D.H.T.); (T.A.M.); (D.G.); (A.H.S.H.A.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
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4
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Günthel M, van Duijvenboden K, de Bakker DEM, Hooijkaas IB, Bakkers J, Barnett P, Christoffels VM. Epigenetic State Changes Underlie Metabolic Switch in Mouse Post-Infarction Border Zone Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:134. [PMID: 34821687 PMCID: PMC8620718 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction causes ventricular muscle loss and formation of scar tissue. The surviving myocardium in the border zone, located adjacent to the infarct, undergoes profound changes in function, structure and composition. How and to what extent these changes of border zone cardiomyocytes are regulated epigenetically is not fully understood. Here, we obtained transcriptomes of PCM-1-sorted mouse cardiomyocyte nuclei of healthy left ventricle and 7 days post myocardial infarction border zone tissue. We validated previously observed downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function in border zone-derived cardiomyocytes, and observed a modest induction of genes involved in glycolysis, including Slc2a1 (Glut1) and Pfkp. To gain insight into the underlying epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, we performed H3K27ac profiling of healthy and border zone cardiomyocyte nuclei. We confirmed the switch from Mef2- to AP-1 chromatin association in border zone cardiomyocytes, and observed, in addition, an enrichment of PPAR/RXR binding motifs in the sites with reduced H3K27ac signal. We detected downregulation and accompanying epigenetic state changes at several key PPAR target genes including Ppargc1a (PGC-1α), Cpt2, Ech1, Fabpc3 and Vldrl in border zone cardiomyocytes. These data indicate that changes in epigenetic state and gene regulation underlie the maintained metabolic switch in border zone cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Günthel
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (K.v.D.); (I.B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Karel van Duijvenboden
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (K.v.D.); (I.B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Dennis E. M. de Bakker
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (D.E.M.d.B.); (J.B.)
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ingeborg B. Hooijkaas
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (K.v.D.); (I.B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (D.E.M.d.B.); (J.B.)
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (K.v.D.); (I.B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (K.v.D.); (I.B.H.); (P.B.)
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5
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van Duijvenboden K, de Bakker DEM, Man JCK, Janssen R, Günthel M, Hill MC, Hooijkaas IB, van der Made I, van der Kraak PH, Vink A, Creemers EE, Martin JF, Barnett P, Bakkers J, Christoffels VM. Conserved NPPB+ Border Zone Switches From MEF2- to AP-1-Driven Gene Program. Circulation 2019; 140:864-879. [PMID: 31259610 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surviving cells in the postinfarction border zone are subjected to intense fluctuations of their microenvironment. Recently, border zone cardiomyocytes have been specifically implicated in cardiac regeneration. Here, we defined their unique transcriptional and regulatory properties, and comprehensively validated new molecular markers, including Nppb, encoding B-type natriuretic peptide, after infarction. METHODS Transgenic reporter mice were used to identify the Nppb-positive border zone after myocardial infarction. Transcriptome analysis of remote, border, and infarct zones and of purified cardiomyocyte nuclei was performed using RNA-sequencing. Top candidate genes displaying border zone spatial specificity were histologically validated in ischemic human hearts. Mice in which Nppb was deleted by genome editing were subjected to myocardial infarction. Chromatin accessibility landscapes of border zone and control cardiomyocyte nuclei were assessed by using assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing. RESULTS We identified the border zone as a spatially confined region transcriptionally distinct from the remote myocardium. The transcriptional response of the border zone was much stronger than that of the remote ventricular wall, involving acute downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, calcium handling, and sarcomere function, and the activation of a stress-response program. Analysis of infarcted human hearts revealed that the transcriptionally discrete border zone is conserved in humans, and led to the identification of novel conserved border zone markers including NPPB, ANKRD1, DES, UCHL1, JUN, and FOXP1. Homozygous Nppb mutant mice developed acute and lethal heart failure after myocardial infarction, indicating that B-type natriuretic peptide is required to preserve postinfarct heart function. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing revealed thousands of cardiomyocyte lineage-specific MEF2-occupied regulatory elements that lost accessibility in the border zone. Putative injury-responsive enhancers that gained accessibility were highly associated with AP-1 (activator protein 1) binding sites. Nuclear c-Jun, a component of AP-1, was observed specifically in border zone cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Cardiomyocytes in a discrete zone bordering the infarct switch from a MEF2-driven homeostatic lineage-specific to an AP-1-driven injury-induced gene expression program. This program is conserved between mouse and human, and includes Nppb expression, which is required to prevent acute heart failure after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel van Duijvenboden
- Departments of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (K.v.D., J.C.K.M., R.J., M.G., I.B.H., P.B., V.M.C.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis E M de Bakker
- Hubrecht Institute (D.E.M.d.B., J.B.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce C K Man
- Departments of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (K.v.D., J.C.K.M., R.J., M.G., I.B.H., P.B., V.M.C.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Janssen
- Departments of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (K.v.D., J.C.K.M., R.J., M.G., I.B.H., P.B., V.M.C.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Günthel
- Departments of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (K.v.D., J.C.K.M., R.J., M.G., I.B.H., P.B., V.M.C.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew C Hill
- Program in Developmental Biology (M.C.H., J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ingeborg B Hooijkaas
- Departments of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (K.v.D., J.C.K.M., R.J., M.G., I.B.H., P.B., V.M.C.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg van der Made
- Experimental Cardiology (I.v.d.M., E.E.C.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra H van der Kraak
- Department of Pathology (P.H.v.d.K., A.V.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology (P.H.v.d.K., A.V.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E Creemers
- Experimental Cardiology (I.v.d.M., E.E.C.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James F Martin
- Program in Developmental Biology (M.C.H., J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Phil Barnett
- Departments of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (K.v.D., J.C.K.M., R.J., M.G., I.B.H., P.B., V.M.C.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute (D.E.M.d.B., J.B.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Departments of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (K.v.D., J.C.K.M., R.J., M.G., I.B.H., P.B., V.M.C.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Myofibroblast modulation of cardiac myocyte structure and function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8879. [PMID: 31222006 PMCID: PMC6586929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction, resident fibroblasts (Fb) differentiate towards myofibroblasts (MyoFb), generating the scar tissue and the interstitial fibrosis seen in the adjacent myocardium. Fb and MyoFb have the potential to interact with cardiac myocytes (CMs) but insight into the phenotype-specific role and mode of interaction is still incomplete. Our objectives are to further define the modulation of CMs by MyoFbs compared to Fbs, as well as the role of direct contact through gap junctions vs. soluble mediators, using Fbs and CMs from pig left ventricle. Fbs were treated to maintain an undifferentiated state (SD-208) or to attain full differentiation to MyoFb (TGF-β1). Fbs and MyoFbs were co-cultured with CMs, with the possibility of direct contact or separated by a Thincert membrane. Only in direct co-culture, both Fbs and MyoFbs were able to decrease CM viability after 2 days. Only MyoFbs induced significant distal spreading of CMs in both direct and indirect co-culture. MyoFbs, but not Fbs, readily made connections with CMs in direct co-culture and connexin 43 expression in MyoFb was higher than in Fb. When coupled to CMs, MyoFbs reduced the CM action potential duration and hyperpolarized the CM resting membrane potential. Uncoupling reversed these effects. In conclusion, MyoFbs, but not Fbs, alter the CM structural phenotype. MyoFbs, but not Fbs, are likely to electrically connect to CMs and thereby modulate the CM membrane potential. These data provide further support for an active role of MyoFbs in the arrhythmogenic substrate after cardiac remodelling.
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7
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Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Mayoral-Gonzalez I, Avila-Medina J, de Rojas-de Pedro ES, Calderón-Sánchez E, Díaz I, Hmadcha A, Castellano A, Rosado JA, Benitah JP, Gomez AM, Ordoñez A, Smani T. Urocortin-2 Prevents Dysregulation of Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Improves Early Cardiac Remodeling After Ischemia and Reperfusion. Front Physiol 2018; 9:813. [PMID: 30018568 PMCID: PMC6037857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Urocortin-2 (Ucn-2) is a potent cardioprotector against Ischemia and Reperfusion (I/R) injuries. However, little is known about its role in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) under I/R. Here, we examined whether the addition of Ucn-2 in reperfusion promotes cardioprotection focusing on ([Ca2+]i handling. Methods and Results: Cardiac Wistar rat model of I/R was induced by transient ligation of the left coronary artery and experiments were conducted 1 week after surgery in tissue and adult cardiomyocytes isolated from risk and remote zones. We observed that I/R promoted significant alteration in cardiac contractility as well as an increase in hypertrophy and fibrosis in both zones. The study of confocal [Ca2+]i imaging in adult cardiomyocytes revealed that I/R decreased the amplitude of [Ca2+]i transient and cardiomyocytes contraction in risk and remote zones. Interestingly, intravenous infusion of Ucn-2 before heart’s reperfusion recovered significantly cardiac contractility and prevented fibrosis, but it didn’t affect cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, Ucn-2 recovered the amplitude of [Ca2+]i transient and modulated the expression of several proteins related to [Ca2+]i homeostasis, such as TRPC5 and Orai1 channels. Using Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVM) we demonstrated that Ucn-2 blunted I/R-induced Store Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE), decreased the expression of TRPC5 and Orai1 as well as their interaction in reperfusion. Conclusion: Our study provides the first evidences demonstrating that Ucn-2 addition at the onset of reperfusion attenuates I/R-induced adverse cardiac remodeling, involving the [Ca2+]i handling and inhibiting the expression and interaction between TRPC5 and Orai1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Mayoral-Gonzalez
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Avila-Medina
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva S de Rojas-de Pedro
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva Calderón-Sánchez
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Díaz
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucia, University of Pablo de Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Castellano
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Universite Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ana M Gomez
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Universite Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Antonio Ordoñez
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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8
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Greiner J, Sankarankutty AC, Seemann G, Seidel T, Sachse FB. Confocal Microscopy-Based Estimation of Parameters for Computational Modeling of Electrical Conduction in the Normal and Infarcted Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:239. [PMID: 29670532 PMCID: PMC5893725 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling is an important tool to advance our knowledge on cardiac diseases and their underlying mechanisms. Computational models of conduction in cardiac tissues require identification of parameters. Our knowledge on these parameters is limited, especially for diseased tissues. Here, we assessed and quantified parameters for computational modeling of conduction in cardiac tissues. We used a rabbit model of myocardial infarction (MI) and an imaging-based approach to derive the parameters. Left ventricular tissue samples were obtained from fixed control hearts (animals: 5) and infarcted hearts (animals: 6) within 200 μm (region 1), 250-750 μm (region 2) and 1,000-1,250 μm (region 3) of the MI border. We assessed extracellular space, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, nuclei and gap junctions by a multi-label staining protocol. With confocal microscopy we acquired three-dimensional (3D) image stacks with a voxel size of 200 × 200 × 200 nm. Image segmentation yielded 3D reconstructions of tissue microstructure, which were used to numerically derive extracellular conductivity tensors. Volume fractions of myocyte, extracellular, interlaminar cleft, vessel and fibroblast domains in control were (in %) 65.03 ± 3.60, 24.68 ± 3.05, 3.95 ± 4.84, 7.71 ± 2.15, and 2.48 ± 1.11, respectively. Volume fractions in regions 1 and 2 were different for myocyte, myofibroblast, vessel, and extracellular domains. Fibrosis, defined as increase in fibrotic tissue constituents, was (in %) 21.21 ± 1.73, 16.90 ± 9.86, and 3.58 ± 8.64 in MI regions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For control tissues, image-based computation of longitudinal, transverse and normal extracellular conductivity yielded (in S/m) 0.36 ± 0.11, 0.17 ± 0.07, and 0.1 ± 0.06, respectively. Conductivities were markedly increased in regions 1 (+75, +171, and +100%), 2 (+53, +165, and +80%), and 3 (+42, +141, and +60%). Volume fractions of the extracellular space including interlaminar clefts strongly correlated with conductivities in control and MI hearts. Our study provides novel quantitative data for computational modeling of conduction in normal and MI hearts. Notably, our study introduces comprehensive statistical information on tissue composition and extracellular conductivities on a microscopic scale in the MI border zone. We suggest that the presented data fill a significant gap in modeling parameters and extend our foundation for computational modeling of cardiac conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Greiner
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aparna C Sankarankutty
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gunnar Seemann
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Schobesberger S, Wright P, Tokar S, Bhargava A, Mansfield C, Glukhov AV, Poulet C, Buzuk A, Monszpart A, Sikkel M, Harding SE, Nikolaev VO, Lyon AR, Gorelik J. T-tubule remodelling disturbs localized β2-adrenergic signalling in rat ventricular myocytes during the progression of heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:770-782. [PMID: 28505272 PMCID: PMC5437368 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiomyocyte β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling is regulated by the receptors' subcellular location within transverse tubules (T-tubules), via interaction with structural and regulatory proteins, which form a signalosome. In chronic heart failure (HF), β2ARs redistribute from T-tubules to the cell surface, which disrupts functional signalosomes and leads to diffuse cAMP signalling. However, the functional consequences of structural changes upon β2AR-cAMP signalling during progression from hypertrophy to advanced HF are unknown. Methods and results Rat left ventricular myocytes were isolated at 4-, 8-, and 16-week post-myocardial infarction (MI), β2ARs were stimulated either via whole-cell perfusion or locally through the nanopipette of the scanning ion conductance microscope. cAMP release was measured via a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based sensor Epac2-camps. Confocal imaging of di-8-ANNEPS-stained cells and immunoblotting were used to determine structural alterations. At 4-week post-MI, T-tubule regularity, density and junctophilin-2 (JPH2) expression were significantly decreased. The amplitude of local β2AR-mediated cAMP in T-tubules was reduced and cAMP diffused throughout the cytosol instead of being locally confined. This was accompanied by partial caveolin-3 (Cav-3) dissociation from the membrane. At 8-week post-MI, the β2AR-mediated cAMP response was observed at the T-tubules and the sarcolemma (crest). Finally, at 16-week post-MI, the whole cell β2AR-mediated cAMP signal was depressed due to adenylate cyclase dysfunction, while overall Cav-3 levels were significantly increased and a substantial portion of Cav-3 dissociated into the cytosol. Overexpression of JPH2 in failing cells in vitro or AAV9.SERCA2a gene therapy in vivo did not improve β2AR-mediated signal compartmentation or reduce cAMP diffusion. Conclusion Although changes in T-tubule structure and β2AR-mediated cAMP signalling are significant even at 4-week post-MI, progression to the HF phenotype is not linear. At 8-week post-MI the loss of β2AR-mediated cAMP is temporarily reversed. Complete disorganization of β2AR-mediated cAMP signalling due to changes in functional receptor localization and cellular structure occurs at 16-week post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schobesberger
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Peter Wright
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12?0NN, UK
| | - Sergiy Tokar
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12?0NN, UK
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Ordnance Factory Estate, Yeddumailaram, 502205 Telangana, India
| | - Catherine Mansfield
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12?0NN, UK
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12?0NN, UK
| | - Claire Poulet
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12?0NN, UK
| | - Andrey Buzuk
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12?0NN, UK
| | - Aron Monszpart
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Markus Sikkel
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12?0NN, UK
| | - Sian E Harding
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12?0NN, UK
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12?0NN, UK
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Nofi C, Bogatyryov Y, Dedkov EI. Preservation of Functional Microvascular Bed Is Vital for Long-Term Survival of Cardiac Myocytes Within Large Transmural Post-Myocardial Infarction Scar. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 66:99-120. [PMID: 29116876 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417741640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to understand the mechanism of persistent cardiac myocyte (CM) survival in myocardial infarction (MI) scars. A transmural MI was induced in 12-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats by permanent coronary artery ligation. The hearts were collected 3 days, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after MI and evaluated with histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative morphometry. Vasculature patency was assessed in 4-, 8-, and 12-week-old scars by infusion of 15-micron microspheres into the left ventricle before euthanasia. The infarcted/scarred area has a small continually retained population of surviving CMs in subendocardial and subepicardial regions. Surprisingly, whereas the transverse area of subepicardial CMs remained relatively preserved or even enlarged over 12 post-MI weeks, subendocardial CMs underwent progressive atrophy. Nevertheless, the fractional volume of viable CMs remained comparable in mature scars 4, 8, and 12 weeks after MI (3.6 ± 0.4%, 3.4 ± 0.5%, and 2.5 ± 0.3%, respectively). Despite the opposite dynamics of changes in size, CMs of both regions displayed sarcomeres and gap junctions. Most importantly, surviving CMs were always accompanied by patent microvessels linked to a venous network composed of Thebesian veins, intramural sinusoids, and subepicardial veins. Our findings reveal that long-term survival of CMs in transmural post-MI scars is sustained by a local microcirculatory bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Nofi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Yevgen Bogatyryov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Eduard I Dedkov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
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11
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Seidel T, Sankarankutty AC, Sachse FB. Remodeling of the transverse tubular system after myocardial infarction in rabbit correlates with local fibrosis: A potential role of biomechanics. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 130:302-314. [PMID: 28709857 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The transverse tubular system (t-system) of ventricular cardiomyocytes is essential for efficient excitation-contraction coupling. In cardiac diseases, such as heart failure, remodeling of the t-system contributes to reduced cardiac contractility. However, mechanisms of t-system remodeling are incompletely understood. Prior studies suggested an association with altered cardiac biomechanics and gene expression in disease. Since fibrosis may alter tissue biomechanics, we investigated the local microscopic association of t-system remodeling with fibrosis in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction (MI). Biopsies were taken from the MI border zone of 6 infarcted hearts and from 6 control hearts. Using confocal microscopy and automated image analysis, we quantified t-system integrity (ITT) and the local fraction of extracellular matrix (fECM). In control, fECM was 18 ± 0.3%. ITT was high and homogeneous (0.07 ± 0.006), and did not correlate with fECM (R2 = 0.05 ± 0.02). The MI border zone exhibited increased fECM within 3 mm from the infarct scar (30 ± 3.5%, p < 0.01 vs control), indicating fibrosis. Myocytes in the MI border zone exhibited significant t-system remodeling, with dilated, sheet-like components, resulting in low ITT (0.03 ± 0.008, p < 0.001 vs control). While both fECM and t-system remodeling decreased with infarct distance, ITT correlated better with decreasing fECM (R2 = 0.44) than with infarct distance (R2 = 0.24, p < 0.05). Our results show that t-system remodeling in the rabbit MI border zone resembles a phenotype previously described in human heart failure. T-system remodeling correlated with the amount of local fibrosis, which is known to stiffen cardiac tissue, but was not found in regions without fibrosis. Thus, locally altered tissue mechanics may contribute to t-system remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Seidel
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
| | - A C Sankarankutty
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - F B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
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12
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Pinali C, Malik N, Davenport JB, Allan LJ, Murfitt L, Iqbal MM, Boyett MR, Wright EJ, Walker R, Zhang Y, Dobryznski H, Holt CM, Kitmitto A. Post-Myocardial Infarction T-tubules Form Enlarged Branched Structures With Dysregulation of Junctophilin-2 and Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN-1). J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e004834. [PMID: 28473402 PMCID: PMC5524063 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is a common secondary complication following a myocardial infarction (MI), characterized by impaired cardiac contraction and t-tubule (t-t) loss. However, post-MI nano-scale morphological changes to the remaining t-ts are poorly understood. METHOD AND RESULTS We utilized a porcine model of MI, using a nonlethal microembolization method to generate controlled microinfarcts. Using serial block face scanning electron microscopy, we report that post-MI, after mild left-ventricular dysfunction has developed, t-ts are not only lost in the peri-infarct region, but also the remnant t-ts form enlarged, highly branched disordered structures, containing a dense intricate inner membrane. Biochemical and proteomics analyses showed that the calcium release channel, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), abundance is unchanged, but junctophilin-2 (JP2), important for maintaining t-t trajectory, is depressed (-0.5×) in keeping with the t-ts being disorganized. However, immunolabeling shows that populations of RyR2 and JP2 remain associated with the remodeled t-ts. The bridging integrator 1 protein (BIN-1), a regulator of tubulogensis, is upregulated (+5.4×), consistent with an overdeveloped internal membrane system, a feature not present in control t-ts. Importantly, we have determined that t-ts, in the remote region, are narrowed and also contain dense membrane folds (BIN-1 is up-regulated +3.4×), whereas the t-ts have a radial organization comparable to control JP2 is upregulated +1.7×. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals previously unidentified remodeling of the t-t nano-architecture in the post-MI heart that extends to the remote region. Our findings highlight that targeting JP2 may be beneficial for preserving the orientation of the t-ts, attenuating the development of hypocontractility post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pinali
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nadim Malik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Bernard Davenport
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence J Allan
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Murfitt
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad M Iqbal
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Wright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Walker
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Dobryznski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy M Holt
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ashraf Kitmitto
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Ongstad EL, Gourdie RG. Can heart function lost to disease be regenerated by therapeutic targeting of cardiac scar tissue? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:41-54. [PMID: 27234380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in scar tissue that cannot actively contribute to heart mechanical function and frequently causes lethal arrhythmias. The healing response after infarction involves inflammation, biochemical signaling, changes in cellular phenotype, activity, and organization, and alterations in electrical conduction due to variations in cell and tissue geometry and alterations in protein expression, organization, and function - particularly in membrane channels. The intensive research focus on regeneration of myocardial tissues has, as of yet, only met with modest success, with no near-term prospect of improving standard-of-care for patients with heart disease. An alternative concept for novel therapeutic approach is the rejuvenation of cardiac electrical and mechanical properties through the modification of scar tissue. Several peptide therapeutics, locally applied genetic therapies, or delivery of genetically modified cells have shown promise in improving the characteristics of the fibrous scar and post-myocardial infarction prognosis in experimental models. This review highlights several factors that contribute to arrhythmogenesis in scar formation and how these might be targeted to regenerate some of the electrical and mechanical function of the post-MI scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Ongstad
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
| | - Robert G Gourdie
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 317 Kelly Hall, Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Carilion Clinic, 1906 Belleview Avenue, Roanoke VA 24014, USA.
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14
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Enhanced ADAM17 expression is associated with cardiac remodeling in rats with acute myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2016; 151:61-69. [PMID: 26944439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the dynamic expression of A-disintegrin-and-metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) during cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MAIN METHODS Forty male Wistar rats with a permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery were equally divided into four groups based on predefined sacrifice time: MI1d, MI1w, MI4w and MI12w. As controls, 36 rats only with left thoracotomy were equally divided into four groups. Cardiac remodeling was assessed by echocardiography and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. ADAM17 mRNA was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression of ADAM17, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) and TNF-α was analyzed by western blotting. KEY FINDINGS The systolic function was sharply worsened in the MI1w group (versus the Con1w group, P<0.05), but left ventricular weight index was significantly increased after 4weeks post-MI (P<0.05). H&E staining revealed that one week after AMI, myocardial tissue in the epicardial border zone of the infarcted heart was mixed with broken mitochondrial cristae and decreased matrix density. ADAM17 mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased, accompanied by decreased TIMP-3 and upregulated TNF-α expression in the MI1w group (versus the MI1d group, all P<0.05). Moreover, dynamic ADAM17 mRNA expression was positively correlated with enlarged LVEDd and LVESd (P=0.001, P=0.003) and negatively with LVEF (P=0.039) in AMI rats. SIGNIFICANCE Enhanced ADAM17 expression, along with decreased TIMP-3 and increased TNF-α expression, especially within one week after AMI, is associated with cardiac remodeling.
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15
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Epigenomic Reprogramming of Adult Cardiomyocyte-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17686. [PMID: 26657817 PMCID: PMC4677315 DOI: 10.1038/srep17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been believed that mammalian adult cardiomyocytes (ACMs) are terminally-differentiated and are unable to proliferate. Recently, using a bi-transgenic ACM fate mapping mouse model and an in vitro culture system, we demonstrated that adult mouse cardiomyocytes were able to dedifferentiate into cardiac progenitor-like cells (CPCs). However, little is known about the molecular basis of their intrinsic cellular plasticity. Here we integrate single-cell transcriptome and whole-genome DNA methylation analyses to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and cell cycle reentry of mouse ACMs. Compared to parental cardiomyocytes, dedifferentiated mouse cardiomyocyte-derived CPCs (mCPCs) display epigenomic reprogramming with many differentially-methylated regions, both hypermethylated and hypomethylated, across the entire genome. Correlated well with the methylome, our transcriptomic data showed that the genes encoding cardiac structure and function proteins are remarkably down-regulated in mCPCs, while those for cell cycle, proliferation, and stemness are significantly up-regulated. In addition, implantation of mCPCs into infarcted mouse myocardium improves cardiac function with augmented left ventricular ejection fraction. Our study demonstrates that the cellular plasticity of mammalian cardiomyocytes is the result of a well-orchestrated epigenomic reprogramming and a subsequent global transcriptomic alteration.
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16
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Fargnoli AS, Katz MG, Yarnall C, Isidro A, Petrov M, Steuerwald N, Ghosh S, Richardville KC, Hillesheim R, Williams RD, Kohlbrenner E, Stedman HH, Hajjar RJ, Bridges CR. Cardiac surgical delivery of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase rescues myocytes in ischemic heart failure. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:586-95. [PMID: 23773730 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) is an important molecular regulator of contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Gene transfer of SERCA2a mediated by molecular cardiac surgery with recirculating delivery (MCARD) is a novel and clinically translatable strategy. METHODS Ischemic heart failure was induced by ligation of OM1 and OM2 in 14 sheep. Seven sheep underwent MCARD-mediated AAV1-SERCA2a delivery 4 weeks after myocardial infarction, and seven sheep served as untreated controls. Magnetic resonance imaging-based mechanoenergetic studies were performed at baseline, 3 weeks, and 12 weeks after infarction. Myocyte apoptosis was quantified by Tdt-mediated nick-end labeling assay. Myocyte cross-sectional area and caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity was measured with imaging software, specific fluorogenic peptides, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MCARD-mediated AAV1-SERCA2a gene delivery resulted in robust cardiac-specific SERCA2a expression and stable improvements in global and regional contractility. There were significantly higher stroke volume index, left ventricular fractional thickening, and ejection fraction at 12 weeks in the MCARD group than in the control group (30 ± 3 vs 21 ± 2 mL/m(2); 12% ± 5% vs 3% ± 3%; and 43 ± 4 vs 32 ± 4, respectively, all p < 0.05). Apoptotic myocytes were observed more frequently in the control group than in the MCARD-SERCA2a group (0.57.2 ± 0.16 AU vs 0.32.4 ± 0.08 AU, p < 0.05). MCARD-SERCA2a also resulted in decreased caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression and decreased myocyte area in the border zone of transgenic sheep compared with control sheep (14.6% ± 1.2% vs 2.9% ± 0.7%; 18.2% ± 1.9% vs 8.6% ± 1.4%; and 102.1 ± 3.8 μm(2) vs 88.1 ± 3.6 μm(2), all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MCARD-mediated SERCA2a delivery results in robust cardiac specific gene expression, improved contractility, and a decrease in both myocyte apoptosis and myocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Fargnoli
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Lan YF, Zhang JC, Gao JL, Wang XP, Fang Z, Fu YC, Chen MY, Lin M, Xue Q, Li Y. Effects of nerve growth factor on the action potential duration and repolarizing currents in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2013; 10:39-51. [PMID: 23610573 PMCID: PMC3627714 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-5411.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the action potential and potassium currents of non-infarcted myocardium in the myocardial infarcted rabbit model. METHODS Rabbits with occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery were prepared and allowed to recover for eight weeks (healed myocardial infarction, HMI). During ligation surgery of the left coronary artery, a polyethylene tube was placed near the left stellate ganglion in the subcutis of the neck for the purpose of administering NGF 400 U/d for eight weeks (HMI + NGF group). Cardiomyocytes were isolated from regions of the non-infarcted left ventricular wall and the action potentials and ion currents in these cells were recorded using whole-cell patch clamps. RESULTS Compared with HMI and control cardiomyocytes, significant prolongation of APD50 or APD90 (Action potential duration (APD) measured at 50% and 90% of repolarization) in HMI + NGF cardiomyocytes was found. The results showed that the 4-aminopyridine sensitive transient outward potassium current (I to), the rapidly activated omponent of delayed rectifier potassium current (I Kr), the slowly activated component of delayed rectifier potassium current (I Ks), and the L-type calcium current (I CaL) were significantly altered in NGF + HMI cardiomyocytes compared with HMI and control cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NGF treatment significantly prolongs APD in HMI cardiomyocytes and that a decrease in outward potassium currents and an increase of inward Ca(2+) current are likely the underlying mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Lan
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, 100853 Beijing, China
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18
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Hahn NE, Meischl C, Kawahara T, Musters RJP, Verhoef VMJ, van der Velden J, Vonk ABA, Paulus WJ, van Rossum AC, Niessen HWM, Krijnen PAJ. NOX5 expression is increased in intramyocardial blood vessels and cardiomyocytes after acute myocardial infarction in humans. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:2222-9. [PMID: 22503554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species producing NADPH oxidases play important roles under different (patho)physiological conditions. NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 are important sources of reactive oxygen species in the heart, but knowledge of the calcium-dependent NOX5 in the heart is lacking. The presence of NOX5 was studied via RT-PCR in heart tissue from patients with end-stage heart failure; the tissue was obtained during cardiac transplantation surgery. NOX5 positivity and cellular localization were studied via IHC and digital-imaging microscopy in heart tissues of patients who did not have heart disease and in infarction areas of patients who died of myocardial infarctions of different durations. Furthermore, NOX5 expression was analyzed in vitro by using Western blot analysis. NOX5 RNA was found in the hearts of controls and patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. In controls, NOX5 localized to the endothelium of a limited number of intramyocardial blood vessels and to a limited number of scattered cardiomyocytes. In infarcted hearts, NOX5 expression increased, especially in infarctions >12 hours, which manifested as an increase in NOX5-positive intramyocardial blood vessels, as well as in endothelium, smooth muscle, and cardiomyocytes. NOX5 was found in cardiomyocyte cytoplasm, plasma membrane, intercalated disks, and cross striations. Western blot analysis confirmed NOX5 expression in isolated human cardiomyocytes. For the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate NOX5 expression in human intramyocardial blood vessels and cardiomyocytes, with significant increases in the affected myocardium after acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke E Hahn
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Zhao Q, Ye X. Additive value of adult bone-marrow-derived cell transplantation to conventional revascularization in chronic ischemic heart disease: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1569-79. [PMID: 21981749 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.616491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether adult bone marrow (BM)-derived cells (BMCs) transplantation benefits patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains controversial. This systemic and meta-analysis study aimed to assess the potential therapeutic effects of BMCs transplantation with revascularization in chronic IHD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Randomized controlled trials of BMCs in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic IHD were identified by searching Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis across eligible studies measuring the same outcomes. RESULTS Ten randomized controlled trials including 422 participants were reviewed. In the trials with six months of follow-up, BMCs transplantation improved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) by 4.02% and reduced LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes. Subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in LVEF associated with primary intervention, route of cell delivery, cell type, and baseline LVEF, but not with cell dose or storage duration. CONCLUSIONS Selected-BMCs transplantation through myocardial injection after surgical revascularization may benefit patients with chronic IHD and severely impaired LV function. Due to the limitation of patient number, RCT with larger sample size and long follow-up are required for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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Tian J, Jeudy J, Smith MF, Jimenez A, Yin X, Bruce PA, Lei P, Turgeman A, Abbo A, Shekhar R, Saba M, Shorofsky S, Dickfeld T. Three-Dimensional Contrast-Enhanced Multidetector CT for Anatomic, Dynamic, and Perfusion Characterization of Abnormal Myocardium To Guide Ventricular Tachycardia Ablations. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010; 3:496-504. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.109.889311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Advances in contrast-enhanced multidetector CT enable detailed characterization of the left ventricular myocardium. Myocardial scar and border zone (BZ), as the target of ventricular tachycardia ablations, displays abnormal anatomic, dynamic, and perfusion characteristics during first-pass CT. This study assessed how contrast-enhanced CT can predict voltage-defined scar and BZ and integrate its scar reconstructions into clinical mapping systems to guide ventricular tachycardia ablations.
Methods and Results—
Eleven patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent contrast-enhanced CT before ventricular tachycardia ablation. Segmental anatomic (end-systolic and end-diastolic wall thickness), dynamic (wall thickening, wall motion), and perfusion (hypoenhancement) characteristics were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed the ability of CT to determine voltage-defined scar and BZ segments. Three-dimensional epi- and endocardial surfaces and scar borders were reconstructed, coregistered, and compared to voltages using a 17-segment model. Abnormal anatomic, dynamic, and perfusion data correlated well with abnormal (<1.5 mV) endocardial voltages (
r
=0.77). Three-dimensional reconstruction integrated into the clinical mapping system (registration accuracy, 3.31±0.52 mm) allowed prediction of homogenous abnormal voltage (<1.5 mV) in 81.7% of analyzed segments and correctly displayed transmural extent and intramural scar location. CT hypoperfusion correlated best with scar and BZ areas and encompassed curative ablations in 82% cases.
Conclusions—
Anatomic, dynamic, and perfusion imaging using contrast-enhanced CT allows characterization of left ventricular anatomy and 3D scar and BZ substrate. Integration of reconstructed 3D data sets into clinical mapping systems supplements information of voltage mapping and may enable new image approaches for substrate-guided ventricular tachycardia ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Jean Jeudy
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Mark F. Smith
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Alejandro Jimenez
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Xianghua Yin
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Patricia A. Bruce
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Peng Lei
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Aharon Turgeman
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Aharon Abbo
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Raj Shekhar
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Magdi Saba
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Stephen Shorofsky
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Timm Dickfeld
- From the University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.T., J.J., M.F.S., A.J., X.Y., P.A.B., P.L., R.S., M.S., S.S.) and Baltimore VA Medical Center (T.D.), Baltimore, Md; and Biosense Webster Inc (A.T., A.A.), Tirat Carmel, Israel
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Schelbert EB, Hsu LY, Anderson SA, Mohanty BD, Karim SM, Kellman P, Aletras AH, Arai AE. Late gadolinium-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance identifies postinfarction myocardial fibrosis and the border zone at the near cellular level in ex vivo rat heart. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 3:743-52. [PMID: 20847191 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.108.835793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND using a resolution 1000-fold higher than prior studies, we studied (1) the degree to which late gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance tracks fibrosis from chronic myocardial infarction and (2) the relationship between intermediate signal intensity and partial volume averaging at distinct "smooth" infarct borders versus disorganized mixtures of fibrosis and viable cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS sprague-Dawley rats underwent myocardial infarction by coronary ligation. Two months later, rats were euthanized 10 minutes after administration of 0.3 mmol/kg intravenous gadolinium. LGE images ex vivo at 7 T with a 3D gradient echo sequence with 50×50×50 μm voxels were compared with histological sections (Masson trichrome). Planimetered histological and LGE regions of fibrosis correlated well (y=1.01x-0.01; R(2)=0.96; P<0.001). In addition, LGE images routinely detected clefts of viable cardiomyocytes 2 to 4 cells thick that separated bands of fibrous tissue. Although LGE clearly detected disorganized mixtures of fibrosis and viable cardiomyocytes characterized by intermediate signal intensity voxels, the percentage of apparent intermediate signal intensity myocardium increased significantly (P<0.01) when image resolution was degraded to resemble clinical resolution consistent with significant partial volume averaging. CONCLUSIONS these data provide important validation of LGE at nearly the cellular level for detection of fibrosis after myocardial infarction. Although LGE can detect heterogeneous patches of fibrosis and viable cardiomyocytes as patches of intermediate signal intensity, the percentage of intermediate signal intensity voxels is resolution dependent. Thus, at clinical resolutions, distinguishing the peri-infarct border zone from partial volume averaging with LGE is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B Schelbert
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Md. 20892-1061, USA
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22
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Zhang Y, Li TS, Lee ST, Wawrowsky KA, Cheng K, Galang G, Malliaras K, Abraham MR, Wang C, Marbán E. Dedifferentiation and proliferation of mammalian cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12559. [PMID: 20838637 PMCID: PMC2933247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has long been thought that mammalian cardiomyocytes are terminally-differentiated and unable to proliferate. However, myocytes in more primitive animals such as zebrafish are able to dedifferentiate and proliferate to regenerate amputated cardiac muscle. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we test the hypothesis that mature mammalian cardiomyocytes retain substantial cellular plasticity, including the ability to dedifferentiate, proliferate, and acquire progenitor cell phenotypes. Two complementary methods were used: 1) cardiomyocyte purification from rat hearts, and 2) genetic fate mapping in cardiac explants from bi-transgenic mice. Cardiomyocytes isolated from rodent hearts were purified by multiple centrifugation and Percoll gradient separation steps, and the purity verified by immunostaining and RT-PCR. Within days in culture, purified cardiomyocytes lost their characteristic electrophysiological properties and striations, flattened and began to divide, as confirmed by proliferation markers and BrdU incorporation. Many dedifferentiated cardiomyocytes went on to express the stem cell antigen c-kit, and the early cardiac transcription factors GATA4 and Nkx2.5. Underlying these changes, inhibitory cell cycle molecules were suppressed in myocyte-derived cells (MDCs), while microRNAs known to orchestrate proliferation and pluripotency increased dramatically. Some, but not all, MDCs self-organized into spheres and re-differentiated into myocytes and endothelial cells in vitro. Cell fate tracking of cardiomyocytes from 4-OH-Tamoxifen-treated double-transgenic MerCreMer/ZEG mouse hearts revealed that green fluorescent protein (GFP) continues to be expressed in dedifferentiated cardiomyocytes, two-thirds of which were also c-kit+. Conclusions/Significance Contradicting the prevailing view that they are terminally-differentiated, postnatal mammalian cardiomyocytes are instead capable of substantial plasticity. Dedifferentiation of myocytes facilitates proliferation and confers a degree of stemness, including the expression of c-kit and the capacity for multipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shuo-Tsan Lee
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kolja A. Wawrowsky
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ke Cheng
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Giselle Galang
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Konstantinos Malliaras
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - M. Roselle Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Slezak J, Tribulova N, Okruhlicova L, Dhingra R, Bajaj A, Freed D, Singal P. Hibernating myocardium: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:252-65. [PMID: 19370079 DOI: 10.1139/y09-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive management of patients with chronic ischemic disease is a critically important component of clinical practice. Cardiac myocytes have the potential to adapt to limited flow conditions by adjusting contractile function, reducing metabolism, conserving resources, and preserving myocardial integrity to cope with an oxygen and (or) nutrition shortage. A prime metabolic feature of cardiac myocytes affected by chronic ischemia is the return to a fetal gene pattern with predominance of carbohydrates as the substrate for energy. Structural adaptation with multiple intracellular changes is part of the remodeling process in hibernating myocardium. Transmural heterogeneity, which defines the pattern of injury in ventricular cardiomyocytes and the response to chronic ischemia, is a multifactorial process originating from functional, metabolic, and flow differences in subendocardial and subepicardial regions. Autophagy is typically activated in hibernating myocardium and has been identified as a prosurvival mechanism. Chronic ischemia is associated with changes in the number, size, and distribution of gap junctions and may give rise to conduction disturbances and arrhythmogenesis. Differentiation between viable and nonviable myocardium by assessing sensitivity of inotropic reserve is a crucial diagnostic tool that is correlated with the prognosis and outcome for improved contractility after restoration of blood perfusion in afflicted myocardium.Reliable and accurate diagnosis of ischemic, scar, and viable tissues is critical for recover strategies. Although early surgical reinstitution of blood flow is most effective in restoring physiologic function of the hibernating myocardium, several new approaches offer promising alternatives. Among others, vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), especially its lo-FGF-2 isoform, have been shown to be effective in rapid neovascularization. Substances such as statins, resveratrol, some hormones, and omega-3 fatty acids can improve recovery effect in chronically underperfused hearts. For patients with drug-refractory ischemia, intramyocardial transplantation of stem cells into predefined areas of the heart can enhance vascularization and have beneficial effects on cardiac function. This review of ischemic injury, its heterogeneity, accurate diagnosis, and newer methods of treatment, shows there is much information and tremendous hope for better management of patients with coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Slezak
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Abstract
Human heart disease is a major cause of death and disability. A variety of animal models of cardiac disease have been developed to better understand the etiology, cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction and novel therapeutic strategies. The animal models have included large animals (e.g. pig and dog) and small rodents (e.g. mouse and rat) and the advantages of genetic manipulation in mice have appropriately encouraged the development of novel mouse models of cardiac disease. However, there are major differences between rodent and human hearts that raise cautions about the extrapolation of results from mouse to human. The rabbit is a medium-sized animal that has many cellular and molecular characteristics very much like human, and is a practical alternative to larger mammals. Numerous rabbit models of cardiac disease are discussed, including pressure or volume overload, ischemia, rapid-pacing, doxorubicin, drug-induced arrhythmias, transgenesis and infection. These models also lead to the assessment of therapeutic strategies which may become beneficial in human cardiac disease. Ju Chen – University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA Robert Ross – University of California, San Diego, Cardiology Section, San Diego, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Pogwizd
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics & Bioengineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, CA 95616-8636, United States
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25
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Zaglia T, Dedja A, Candiotto C, Cozzi E, Schiaffino S, Ausoni S. Cardiac interstitial cells express GATA4 and control dedifferentiation and cell cycle re-entry of adult cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 46:653-62. [PMID: 19162035 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cells of the adult rat heart were characterized with respect to i) expression of cardiac markers of commitment and differentiation, ii) myogenic potential in vitro and iii) ability to modulate cardiomyocyte differentiation state. We demonstrate for the first time that fibroblasts and a proportion of pericytes in the adult rat heart express the transcription factor GATA4. This appears to be a peculiar property of the heart. Fibroblasts that are also derived from the splanchnopleuric mesoderm, such as those of the gut, or fibroblasts of different embryological origin, such as those of skin and skeletal muscle, lack this property. Of note, a nestin+/GATA4+ putative stem cell population is also detected in the adult heart. GATA4+ cardiac interstitial cells do not display myogenic potential in vitro. However, cardiac fibroblasts, but not skin fibroblasts, stimulate dedifferentiation of adult cardiomyocytes and their re-entry into the cell cycle in vitro, as demonstrated by the high number of cardiomyocytes expressing Ki67, phosphorylated histone H3 (H3P) and incorporating 5-bromodeoxiuridine (BrdU) in the co-cultures. In conclusion, cardiac fibroblasts have peculiar expression of myogenic transcription factors, a property that may have an impact for reprogramming these cells to the myogenic differentiation. In addition, they are able to modulate the behavior of adult cardiomyocytes, a property that may be used to promote dedifferentiation and proliferation of cardiac cells in the damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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