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Samaddar D, Sinha S, Shekhar R, Singh SK, Gupta A, Singh TB. Assessing the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Subjects with Family History of Hypertension. Ann Neurosci 2024; 31:115-120. [PMID: 38694718 PMCID: PMC11060133 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231184680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension (HTN) has a genetic predisposition and it also impairs microcirculation, thereby, affecting the well vascularized structures like the brainstem and causing changes in Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs). Purpose To find out the usefulness of BAEPs as a screening tool in apparently healthy individuals with a family history of HTN. Methods One hundred and ten volunteers, aged 17 to 23 years, were enrolled in the study as participants with proper consent. After excluding the subjects with existing diseases or co-morbidities (e.g. diabetes, HTN, schizophrenia, neuropathy, etc.), those on ototoxic or neurotoxic drugs, a preliminary physical examination was performed, following which BAEPs were recorded with a proper device. Statistical analysis is done with SPSS 2016 software using the chi-square test. Results A consistent distortion in the inter-peak latency of III-V waves is noted when a family history of HTN is present in either parent or maternal grandparents. Other statistically significant findings are present in V/I% (HTN in mother), wave I (HTN in paternal grandfather), wave III (HTN in maternal grandfather), and inter-peak latency I-V (HTN in maternal grandmother). Conclusion BAEP may be used as a screening tool in individuals with a family history of HTN with supportive evidence from further studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivangi Sinha
- Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samir Kumar Singh
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anita Gupta
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tej Bali Singh
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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S V, Prabhakar R P, Shekhar R. Scapholunate Ligament Rupture and Coincident Fracture Proximal Pole Scaphoid Presenting Late with Osteonecrosis: A Rare Case Report with Unique Management. JBJS Case Connect 2024; 14:01709767-202403000-00005. [PMID: 38181109 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.23.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
CASE A 29-year-old young active man with ununited necrosed proximal fifth of scaphoid with chronic scapholunate ligament disruption was managed by excision of proximal pole fragment and interosseous scapholunate reconstruction using modified Brunelli triple ligament tenodesis technique with satisfying outcome at 6 months and return to sports instructor job by the end of 1 year. CONCLUSION Meticulous understanding and algorithmic itemwise approach of injury components can lead to optimal management of complex unstable wrist injuries such as scapholunate dissociation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on excision of proximal pole of scaphoid coupled with scapholunate ligament reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh S
- Department Orthopaedics, Military Hospital, Secunderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ponnaian Prabhakar R
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacements, Care Hospitals, Nampally, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Department Orthopaedics, Military Hospital, Secunderabad, Hyderabad, India
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3
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Saruwatari MS, Nguyen TN, Talari HF, Matisoff AJ, Sharma KV, Donoho KG, Basu S, Dwivedi P, Bost JE, Shekhar R. Assessing the Effect of Augmented Reality on Procedural Outcomes During Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access. Ultrasound Med Biol 2023; 49:2346-2353. [PMID: 37573178 PMCID: PMC10658651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Augmented reality devices are increasingly accepted in health care, though most applications involve education and pre-operative planning. A novel augmented reality ultrasound application, HoloUS, was developed for the Microsoft HoloLens 2 to project real-time ultrasound images directly into the user's field of view. In this work, we assessed the effect of using HoloUS on vascular access procedural outcomes. METHODS A single-center user study was completed with participants with (N = 22) and without (N = 12) experience performing ultrasound-guided vascular access. Users completed a venipuncture and aspiration task a total of four times: three times on study day 1, and once on study day 2 between 2 and 4 weeks later. Users were randomized to use conventional ultrasound during either their first or second task and the HoloUS application at all other times. Task completion time, numbers of needle re-directions, head adjustments and needle visualization rates were recorded. RESULTS For expert users, task completion time was significantly faster using HoloUS (11.5 s, interquartile range [IQR] = 6.5-23.5 s vs. 18.5 s, IQR = 11.0-36.5 s; p = 0.04). The number of head adjustments was significantly lower using the HoloUS app (1.0, IQR = 0.0-1.0 vs. 3.0, IQR = 1.0-5.0; p < 0.0001). No significant differences were identified in other measured outcomes. CONCLUSION This is the first investigation of augmented reality-based ultrasound-guided vascular access using the second-generation HoloLens. It demonstrates equivalent procedural efficiency and accuracy, with favorable usability, ergonomics and user independence when compared with traditional ultrasound techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele S Saruwatari
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Hadi Fooladi Talari
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew J Matisoff
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karun V Sharma
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kelsey G Donoho
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sonali Basu
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pallavi Dwivedi
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James E Bost
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; IGI Technologies, Silver Spring, MD, USA; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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Arjoune Y, Nguyen TN, Salvador T, Telluri A, Schroeder JC, Geggel RL, May JW, Pillai DK, Teach SJ, Patel SJ, Doroshow RW, Shekhar R. StethAid: A Digital Auscultation Platform for Pediatrics. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:5750. [PMID: 37420914 PMCID: PMC10304273 DOI: 10.3390/s23125750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Mastery of auscultation can be challenging for many healthcare providers. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered digital support is emerging as an aid to assist with the interpretation of auscultated sounds. A few AI-augmented digital stethoscopes exist but none are dedicated to pediatrics. Our goal was to develop a digital auscultation platform for pediatric medicine. (2) Methods: We developed StethAid-a digital platform for artificial intelligence-assisted auscultation and telehealth in pediatrics-that consists of a wireless digital stethoscope, mobile applications, customized patient-provider portals, and deep learning algorithms. To validate the StethAid platform, we characterized our stethoscope and used the platform in two clinical applications: (1) Still's murmur identification and (2) wheeze detection. The platform has been deployed in four children's medical centers to build the first and largest pediatric cardiopulmonary datasets, to our knowledge. We have trained and tested deep-learning models using these datasets. (3) Results: The frequency response of the StethAid stethoscope was comparable to those of the commercially available Eko Core, Thinklabs One, and Littman 3200 stethoscopes. The labels provided by our expert physician offline were in concordance with the labels of providers at the bedside using their acoustic stethoscopes for 79.3% of lungs cases and 98.3% of heart cases. Our deep learning algorithms achieved high sensitivity and specificity for both Still's murmur identification (sensitivity of 91.9% and specificity of 92.6%) and wheeze detection (sensitivity of 83.7% and specificity of 84.4%). (4) Conclusions: Our team has created a technically and clinically validated pediatric digital AI-enabled auscultation platform. Use of our platform could improve efficacy and efficiency of clinical care for pediatric patients, reduce parental anxiety, and result in cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness Arjoune
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Trong N. Nguyen
- AusculTech Dx, 2601 University Blvd West #301, Silver Spring, MD 20902, USA
| | - Tyler Salvador
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Anha Telluri
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jonathan C. Schroeder
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Robert L. Geggel
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph W. May
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Pillai
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Stephen J. Teach
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Shilpa J. Patel
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Robin W. Doroshow
- AusculTech Dx, 2601 University Blvd West #301, Silver Spring, MD 20902, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- AusculTech Dx, 2601 University Blvd West #301, Silver Spring, MD 20902, USA
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5
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Arjoune Y, Nguyen TN, Doroshow RW, Shekhar R. Technical characterisation of digital stethoscopes: towards scalable artificial intelligence-based auscultation. J Med Eng Technol 2023; 47:165-178. [PMID: 36794318 PMCID: PMC10753976 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2023.2174198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Digital stethoscopes can enable the development of integrated artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can remove the subjectivity of manual auscultation, improve diagnostic accuracy, and compensate for diminishing auscultatory skills. Developing scalable AI systems can be challenging, especially when acquisition devices differ and thus introduce sensor bias. To address this issue, a precise knowledge of these differences, i.e., frequency responses of these devices, is needed, but the manufacturers often do not provide complete device specifications. In this study, we reported an effective methodology for determining the frequency response of a digital stethoscope and used it to characterise three common digital stethoscopes: Littmann 3200, Eko Core, and Thinklabs One. Our results show significant inter-device variability in that the frequency responses of the three studied stethoscopes were distinctly different. A moderate intra-device variability was seen when comparing two separate units of Littmann 3200. The study highlights the need for normalisation across devices for developing successful AI-assisted auscultation and provides a technical characterisation approach as a first step to accomplish it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness Arjoune
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Trong N Nguyen
- Department of Research, AusculTech DX, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Robin W Doroshow
- Department of Research, AusculTech DX, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Research, AusculTech DX, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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6
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Shekhar R, Vanama G, John T, Issac J, Arjoune Y, Doroshow RW. Automated identification of innocent Still's murmur using a convolutional neural network. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:923956. [PMID: 36210944 PMCID: PMC9533723 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.923956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Still's murmur is the most prevalent innocent heart murmur of childhood. Auscultation is the primary clinical tool to identify this murmur as innocent. Whereas pediatric cardiologists routinely perform this task, primary care providers are less successful in distinguishing Still's murmur from the murmurs of true heart disease. This results in a large number of children with a Still's murmur being referred to pediatric cardiologists. Objectives To develop a computer algorithm that can aid primary care providers to identify the innocent Still's murmur at the point of care, to substantially decrease over-referral. Methods The study included Still's murmurs, pathological murmurs, other innocent murmurs, and normal (i.e., non-murmur) heart sounds of 1,473 pediatric patients recorded using a commercial electronic stethoscope. The recordings with accompanying clinical diagnoses provided by a pediatric cardiologist were used to train and test the convolutional neural network-based algorithm. Results A comparative analysis showed that the algorithm using only the murmur sounds recorded at the lower left sternal border achieved the highest accuracy. The developed algorithm identified Still's murmur with 90.0% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity for the default decision threshold. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.943. Conclusions Still's murmur can be identified with high accuracy with the algorithm we developed. Using this approach, the algorithm could help to reduce the rate of unnecessary pediatric cardiologist referrals and use of echocardiography for a common benign finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- AusculTech Dx, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Titus John
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- AusculTech Dx, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - James Issac
- AusculTech Dx, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Youness Arjoune
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robin W. Doroshow
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- AusculTech Dx, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
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7
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Rahman M, Wiles A, Shekhar R. Pancreatic cancer with multiple liver metastasis complicating multi-organ infarcts from marantic endocarditis and Trousseau's syndrome. Clin Med (Lond) 2022; 22 Suppl 4:29-30. [PMID: 38614572 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.22-4-s29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Rahman
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn, UK
| | - Alan Wiles
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn, UK
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8
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Stumpf E, Ambati RT, Shekhar R, Staffa SJ, Zurakowski D, Sinha P. A smartphone application to provide real-time cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality feedback. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 60:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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9
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Ambati R, Raja S, Al-Hameed M, John T, Arjoune Y, Shekhar R. Neuromorphic Architecture Accelerated Automated Seizure Detection in Multi-Channel Scalp EEG. Sensors 2022; 22:s22051852. [PMID: 35271005 PMCID: PMC8914704 DOI: 10.3390/s22051852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic focal seizures can be localized in the brain using tracer injections during or immediately after the incidence of a seizure. A real-time automated seizure detection system with minimal latency can help time the injection properly to find the seizure origin accurately. Reliable real-time seizure detection systems have not been clinically reported yet. We developed an anomaly detection-based automated seizure detection system, using scalp-electroencephalogram (EEG) data, which can be trained using a few seizure sessions, and implemented it on commercially available hardware with parallel, neuromorphic architecture—the NeuroStack. We extracted nonlinear, statistical, and discrete wavelet decomposition features, and we developed a graphical user interface and traditional feature selection methods to select the most discriminative features. We investigated Reduced Coulomb Energy (RCE) networks and K-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) for its several advantages, such as fast learning no local minima problem. We obtained a maximum sensitivity of 91.14%±1.77% and a specificity of 98.77%±0.57% with 5 s epoch duration. The system’s latency was 12 s, which is within most seizure event windows, which last for an average duration of 60 s. Our results showed that the CD feature consumes large computation resources and excluding it can reduce the latency to 3.6 s but at the cost of lower performance 80% sensitivity and 97% specificity. We demonstrated that the proposed methodology achieves a high specificity and an acceptable sensitivity within a short delay. Our results indicated also that individual-based RCE are superior to population-based RCE. The proposed RCE networks has been compared to SVM and ANN as a baseline for comparison as they are the most common machine learning seizure detection methods. SVM and ANN-based systems were trained on the same data as RCE and K-NN with features optimized specifically for them. RCE nets are superior to SVM and ANN. The proposed model also achieves comparable performance to the state-of-the-art deep learning techniques while not requiring a sizeable database, which is often expensive to build. These numbers indicate that the system is viable as a trigger mechanism for tracer injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ambati
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (R.A.); (T.J.); (Y.A.)
| | - Shanker Raja
- National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia; (S.R.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Majed Al-Hameed
- National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia; (S.R.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Titus John
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (R.A.); (T.J.); (Y.A.)
| | - Youness Arjoune
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (R.A.); (T.J.); (Y.A.)
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (R.A.); (T.J.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Timely thrombolysis of ischaemic stroke improves functional recovery, yet its delivery nationally is challenging due to shortages in the stroke specialist workforce and large geographical areas. One solution is remote stroke specialist input to regional centres via telemedicine. This study evaluates the usage and key metrics of performance of the East of England Stroke Telemedicine Partnership-the largest telestroke service in the UK-in providing hyperacute stroke care. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING The East of England Stroke Telemedicine Partnership provides a horizontal 'hubless' model of out-of-hours hyperacute stroke care to a population of 6.2 million across a 7500 square mile semirural region. PARTICIPANTS All (2709) telestroke consultations between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thrombolysis decision, pre-thrombolysis and post-thrombolysis stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS), haemorrhagic complications, and hyperacute pathway timings. RESULTS Over the period, 1149 (42.4%) individuals were thrombolysed. Thrombolysis rates increased from 147/379 (38.8%) in 2014 to 225/490 (45.9%) in 2019. Median (IQR) pre-thrombolysis NIHSS was 10 (6-17), reducing to 6 (2-14) 24-hour post-thrombolysis (p<0.001). Post-thrombolysis haemorrhage occurred in 27 cases (2.3%). Over the period, median (IQR) door-to-needle time reduced from 85 (65-108) min to 68 (55-97.5) min (p<0.01), driven by improved imaging-to-needle times from 52.5 (38-72.25) min to 42 (30.5-62.5) min (p<0.01). However, the same period saw an increase in median onset-to-hospital arrival time from 77.5 (60-109.25) min to 95 (70-135) min (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results from this large hyperacute telestroke cohort indicate two important points for clinical practice. First, telemedicine via a hubless horizontal model provides a clinically effective and safe method for delivering hyperacute stroke thrombolysis. Second, improved door-to-needle times were offset by a concerning rise in prehospital timings. These findings indicate that although telemedicine may benefit in-hospital hyperacute stroke care, improvements across the whole stroke pathway are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Richard Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lynda Sibson
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana J Day
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Smriti Agarwal
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, King's Lynn, Norfolk, UK
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11
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Lee EJ, Plishker W, Hata N, Shyn PB, Silverman SG, Bhattacharyya SS, Shekhar R. Rapid Quality Assessment of Nonrigid Image Registration Based on Supervised Learning. J Digit Imaging 2021; 34:1376-1386. [PMID: 34647199 PMCID: PMC8669090 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-021-00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When preprocedural images are overlaid on intraprocedural images, interventional procedures benefit in that more structures are revealed in intraprocedural imaging. However, image artifacts, respiratory motion, and challenging scenarios could limit the accuracy of multimodality image registration necessary before image overlay. Ensuring the accuracy of registration during interventional procedures is therefore critically important. The goal of this study was to develop a novel framework that has the ability to assess the quality (i.e., accuracy) of nonrigid multimodality image registration accurately in near real time. We constructed a solution using registration quality metrics that can be computed rapidly and combined to form a single binary assessment of image registration quality as either successful or poor. Based on expert-generated quality metrics as ground truth, we used a supervised learning method to train and test this system on existing clinical data. Using the trained quality classifier, the proposed framework identified successful image registration cases with an accuracy of 81.5%. The current implementation produced the classification result in 5.5 s, fast enough for typical interventional radiology procedures. Using supervised learning, we have shown that the described framework could enable a clinician to obtain confirmation or caution of registration results during clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung-Joo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - William Plishker
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | | | | | | | - Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Kandil
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Rajah Nata
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn, UK
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13
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Liu X, Plishker W, Shekhar R. Hybrid electromagnetic-ArUco tracking of laparoscopic ultrasound transducer in laparoscopic video. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021; 8:015001. [PMID: 33585664 PMCID: PMC7857492 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.8.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this work was to develop a new method of tracking a laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) transducer in laparoscopic video by combining the hardware [e.g., electromagnetic (EM)] and the computer vision-based (e.g., ArUco) tracking methods. Approach: We developed a special tracking mount for the imaging tip of the LUS transducer. The mount incorporated an EM sensor and an ArUco pattern registered to it. The hybrid method used ArUco tracking for ArUco-success frames (i.e., frames where ArUco succeeds in detecting the pattern) and used corrected EM tracking for the ArUco-failure frames. The corrected EM tracking result was obtained by applying correction matrices to the original EM tracking result. The correction matrices were calculated in previous ArUco-success frames by comparing the ArUco result and the original EM tracking result. Results: We performed phantom and animal studies to evaluate the performance of our hybrid tracking method. The corrected EM tracking results showed significant improvements over the original EM tracking results. In the animal study, 59.2% frames were ArUco-success frames. For the ArUco-failure frames, mean reprojection errors for the original EM tracking method and for the corrected EM tracking method were 30.8 pixel and 10.3 pixel, respectively. Conclusions: The new hybrid method is more reliable than using ArUco tracking alone and more accurate and practical than using EM tracking alone for tracking the LUS transducer in the laparoscope camera image. The proposed method has the potential to significantly improve tracking performance for LUS-based augmented reality applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,IGI Technologies, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
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Tirupathi R, Muradova V, Shekhar R, Salim SA, Al-Tawfiq JA, Palabindala V. COVID-19 disparity among racial and ethnic minorities in the US: A cross sectional analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 38:101904. [PMID: 33137491 PMCID: PMC7603979 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyze racial disparities in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the United States of America and discuss possible reasons behind this inequality. SUBJECT AND METHODS We obtained estimated case counts of African-American, Caucasian, Native American, Asian and Hispanic individuals with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)infection through May 5, 2020, from publicly available data on state departments of health websites. We calculated race-specific fractions as the percentage of the total population and analyzed the reasons behind this disparity. RESULTS The incident rates of COVID-19 were higher among African Americans and among Latinos disproportionately higher than their representation in 14 states and 9 states, respectively. A similar observation was also reported for New York city. The percentage of deaths reported among African Americans was disproportionately higher than their represented share in the population in 23 out of 35 states. It was reported that 22.4% of COVID-19 deaths in the USA were African American, even though black people make up 13.4% of the USA population. CONCLUSIONS The analysis shows the disparity of coronavirus disease outcomes by ethnicity and race. Additional research is needed to determine the factors behind this inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Tirupathi
- Penn State University School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Wellspan Chambersburg and Waynesboro (Pa.) Hospitals, Chambersburg, PA, USA.
| | | | - Raj Shekhar
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, India
| | | | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Consultant Infectious Diseases, Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Liu X, Plishker W, Kane TD, Geller DA, Lau LW, Tashiro J, Sharma K, Shekhar R. Preclinical evaluation of ultrasound-augmented needle navigation for laparoscopic liver ablation. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2020; 15:803-810. [PMID: 32323211 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-020-02164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For laparoscopic ablation to be successful, accurate placement of the needle to the tumor is essential. Laparoscopic ultrasound is an essential tool to guide needle placement, but the ultrasound image is generally presented separately from the laparoscopic image. We aim to evaluate an augmented reality (AR) system which combines laparoscopic ultrasound image, laparoscope video, and the needle trajectory in a unified view. METHODS We created a tissue phantom made of gelatin. Artificial tumors represented by plastic spheres were secured in the gelatin at various depths. The top point of the sphere surface was our target, and its 3D coordinates were known. The participants were invited to perform needle placement with and without AR guidance. Once the participant reported that the needle tip had reached the target, the needle tip location was recorded and compared to the ground truth location of the target, and the difference was the target localization error (TLE). The time of the needle placement was also recorded. We further tested the technical feasibility of the AR system in vivo on a 40-kg swine. RESULTS The AR guidance system was evaluated by two experienced surgeons and two surgical fellows. The users performed needle placement on a total of 26 targets, 13 with AR and 13 without (i.e., the conventional approach). The average TLE for the conventional and the AR approaches was 14.9 mm and 11.1 mm, respectively. The average needle placement time needed for the conventional and AR approaches was 59.4 s and 22.9 s, respectively. For the animal study, ultrasound image and needle trajectory were successfully fused with the laparoscopic video in real time and presented on a single screen for the surgeons. CONCLUSION By providing projected needle trajectory, we believe our AR system can assist the surgeon with more efficient and precise needle placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Timothy D Kane
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lung W Lau
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jun Tashiro
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karun Sharma
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- IGI Technologies, Inc., College Park, MD, USA.
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16
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Lee EJ, Plishker W, Liu X, Bhattacharyya SS, Shekhar R. Weakly supervised segmentation for real-time surgical tool tracking. Healthc Technol Lett 2019; 6:231-236. [PMID: 32038863 PMCID: PMC6952260 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2019.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical tool tracking has a variety of applications in different surgical scenarios. Electromagnetic (EM) tracking can be utilised for tool tracking, but the accuracy is often limited by magnetic interference. Vision-based methods have also been suggested; however, tracking robustness is limited by specular reflection, occlusions, and blurriness observed in the endoscopic image. Recently, deep learning-based methods have shown competitive performance on segmentation and tracking of surgical tools. The main bottleneck of these methods lies in acquiring a sufficient amount of pixel-wise, annotated training data, which demands substantial labour costs. To tackle this issue, the authors propose a weakly supervised method for surgical tool segmentation and tracking based on hybrid sensor systems. They first generate semantic labellings using EM tracking and laparoscopic image processing concurrently. They then train a light-weight deep segmentation network to obtain a binary segmentation mask that enables tool tracking. To the authors' knowledge, the proposed method is the first to integrate EM tracking and laparoscopic image processing for generation of training labels. They demonstrate that their framework achieves accurate, automatic tool segmentation (i.e. without any manual labelling of the surgical tool to be tracked) and robust tool tracking in laparoscopic image sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung-Joo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,IGI Technologies, Inc., College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Xinyang Liu
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Shuvra S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- IGI Technologies, Inc., College Park, MD, USA.,Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
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17
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Manjusha R, Shekhar R, Kumar SJ. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn from edible oils with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and EDTA followed by determination using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Food Chem 2019; 294:384-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shekhar R, Bhar D, Singh C. Awareness, Knowledge and Practices of Contraceptive Methods among Married Males of Slums of Phulwarisharif block of Patna District, Bihar. Indian J Community Health 2019. [DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2019.v31i02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Even though India was the first country to launch family planning programme, population growth rate of India is still higher. Males are often the dominant decision makers of the family. Many studies regarding contraception has been done on females but the same is lacking on males. Aims & Objectives: The aim was to assess the level of awareness and practices about the contraceptive methods and factors associated with awareness and use among the married males in slums of Phulwarisharif block of Patna. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 212 married males aged 18 to 60 years over a period of 3 months in slums of Phulwarisharif, Patna. Data were collected by interview of study subjects using predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were applied using SPSS software. Results: Among 212 married males 91.5 % have heard of at least one contraceptive method, while only 42.45% have ever used any contraceptive method. The major source of knowledge among 194 aware participants were friends and family members (78.9%). Age, duration of marriage, number of children and position in the family were associated with level of awareness. Conclusion: Despite of high awareness about contraceptives low utilization and limited knowledge was observed among the married male participants.
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19
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Liu X, Kane TD, Shekhar R. GPS Laparoscopic Ultrasound: Embedding an Electromagnetic Sensor in a Laparoscopic Ultrasound Transducer. Ultrasound Med Biol 2019; 45:989-997. [PMID: 30709691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tracking the location and orientation of a laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) transducer is a prerequisite in many surgical visualization and navigation applications. Electromagnetic (EM) tracking is a preferred method to track an LUS transducer with an articulating imaging tip. The conventional approach to integrating EM tracking with LUS is to attach an EM sensor on the outer surface of the imaging tip (external setup), which is not ideal for routine clinical use. In this work, we embedded an EM sensor inside a standard LUS transducer. We found that ultrasound image quality and the four-way articulation function of the transducer were not affected by this sensor integration. Furthermore, we found that the tracking accuracy of our integrated transducer was comparable to that of the external setup. An animal study conducted using the developed transducer suggests that an internally embedded EM sensor is a clinically more viable approach, and may be the future of tracking an articulating LUS transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Timothy D Kane
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Manjusha R, Shekhar R, Jaikumar S. Direct determination of impurities in high purity chemicals by electrolyte cathode discharge atomic emission spectrometry (ELCAD-AES). Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Lau LW, Liu X, Plishker W, Sharma K, Shekhar R, Kane TD. Laparoscopic Liver Resection with Augmented Reality: A Preclinical Experience. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 29:88-93. [PMID: 30192172 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2018.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intraoperative imaging, such as ultrasound, provides subsurface anatomical information not seen by standard laparoscopy. Currently, information from the two modalities may only be integrated in the surgeon's mind, an often distracting and inefficient task. The desire to improve intraoperative efficiency has guided the development of a novel, augmented reality (AR) laparoscopic system that integrates, in real time, laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) images with the laparoscopic video. This study shows the initial application of this system for laparoscopic hepatic wedge resection in a porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AR system consists of a standard laparoscopy setup, LUS scanner, electromagnetic tracking system, and a laptop computer for image fusion. Two liver lesions created in a 40-kg swine by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) were resected using the novel AR system and under standard laparoscopy. RESULTS Anatomical details from the LUS were successfully fused with the laparoscopic video in real time and presented on a single screen for the surgeons. The RFA lesions created were 2.5 and 1 cm in diameter. The 2.5 cm lesion was resected under AR guidance, taking about 7 minutes until completion, while the 1 cm lesion required 3 minutes using standard laparoscopy and ultrasound. Resection margins of both lesions grossly showed noncoagulated liver parenchyma, indicating a negative-margin resection. CONCLUSIONS The use of our AR system in laparoscopic hepatic wedge resection in a swine provided real-time integration of ultrasound image with standard laparoscopy. With more experience and testing, this system can be used for other laparoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung W Lau
- 1 Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,2 Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xinyang Liu
- 1 Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Karun Sharma
- 1 Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Raj Shekhar
- 1 Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,3 IGI Technologies, Inc., College Park, Maryland
| | - Timothy D Kane
- 1 Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
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22
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Subhendu BS, Shekhar R. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathological response and the hormone receptor profile in locally advanced breast carcinomas. S AFR J SURG 2018. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-5151/2018/v56n4a2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE The oblique-viewing (i.e., angled) rigid endoscope is a commonly used tool in conventional endoscopic surgeries. The relative rotation between its two moveable parts, the telescope and the camera head, creates a rotation offset between the actual and the projection of an object in the camera image. A calibration method tailored to compensate such offset is needed. METHODS We developed a fast calibration method for oblique-viewing rigid endoscopes suitable for clinical use. In contrast to prior approaches based on optical tracking, we used electromagnetic (EM) tracking as the external tracking hardware to improve compactness and practicality. Two EM sensors were mounted on the telescope and the camera head, respectively, with considerations to minimize EM tracking errors. Single-image calibration was incorporated into the method, and a sterilizable plate, laser-marked with the calibration pattern, was also developed. Furthermore, we proposed a general algorithm to estimate the rotation center in the camera image. Formulas for updating the camera matrix in terms of clockwise and counterclockwise rotations were also developed. RESULTS The proposed calibration method was validated using a conventional [Formula: see text], 5-mm laparoscope. Freehand calibrations were performed using the proposed method, and the calibration time averaged 2 min and 8 s. The calibration accuracy was evaluated in a simulated clinical setting with several surgical tools present in the magnetic field of EM tracking. The root-mean-square re-projection error averaged 4.9 pixel (range 2.4-8.5 pixel, with image resolution of [Formula: see text] for rotation angles ranged from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. CONCLUSIONS We developed a method for fast and accurate calibration of oblique-viewing rigid endoscopes. The method was also designed to be performed in the operating room and will therefore support clinical translation of many emerging endoscopic computer-assisted surgical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Christina E Rice
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
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Abstract
Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is a widely used intra-operative imaging modality in image-guided radiotherapy and surgery. A short scan followed by a filtered-backprojection is typically used for CBCT reconstruction. While data on the mid-plane (plane of source-detector rotation) is complete, off-mid-planes undergo different information deficiency and the computed reconstructions are approximate. This causes different reconstruction artifacts at off-mid-planes depending on slice locations, and therefore impedes accurate registration between CT and CBCT. In this paper, we propose a method to accurately register CT and CBCT by iteratively matching local CT and CBCT intensities. We correct CBCT intensities by matching local intensity histograms slice by slice in conjunction with intensity-based deformable registration. The correction-registration steps are repeated in an alternating way until the result image converges. We integrate the intensity matching into three different deformable registration methods, B-spline, demons, and optical flow that are widely used for CT-CBCT registration. All three registration methods were implemented on a graphics processing unit for efficient parallel computation. We tested the proposed methods on twenty five head and neck cancer cases and compared the performance with state-of-the-art registration methods. Normalized cross correlation (NCC), structural similarity index (SSIM), and target registration error (TRE) were computed to evaluate the registration performance. Our method produced overall NCC of 0.96, SSIM of 0.94, and TRE of 2.26 → 2.27 mm, outperforming existing methods by 9%, 12%, and 27%, respectively. Experimental results also show that our method performs consistently and is more accurate than existing algorithms, and also computationally efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoun Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Liu X, Kang S, Plishker W, Zaki G, Kane TD, Shekhar R. Laparoscopic stereoscopic augmented reality: toward a clinically viable electromagnetic tracking solution. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2016; 3:045001. [PMID: 27752522 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.3.4.045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop a clinically viable laparoscopic augmented reality (AR) system employing stereoscopic (3-D) vision, laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS), and electromagnetic (EM) tracking to achieve image registration. We investigated clinically feasible solutions to mount the EM sensors on the 3-D laparoscope and the LUS probe. This led to a solution of integrating an externally attached EM sensor near the imaging tip of the LUS probe, only slightly increasing the overall diameter of the probe. Likewise, a solution for mounting an EM sensor on the handle of the 3-D laparoscope was proposed. The spatial image-to-video registration accuracy of the AR system was measured to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the left- and right-eye channels, respectively. The AR system contributed 58-ms latency to stereoscopic visualization. We further performed an animal experiment to demonstrate the use of the system as a visualization approach for laparoscopic procedures. In conclusion, we have developed an integrated, compact, and EM tracking-based stereoscopic AR visualization system, which has the potential for clinical use. The system has been demonstrated to achieve clinically acceptable accuracy and latency. This work is a critical step toward clinical translation of AR visualization for laparoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation , Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States
| | - Sukryool Kang
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation , Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States
| | - William Plishker
- IGI Technologies, Inc. , 387 Technology Drive #3110D, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - George Zaki
- IGI Technologies, Inc. , 387 Technology Drive #3110D, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Timothy D Kane
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation , Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States; IGI Technologies, Inc., 387 Technology Drive #3110D, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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26
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Quon H, Park S, Plishker W, Wong J, McNutt T, Shekhar R, Lee J. Preliminary Clinical Evidence of Parotid Subvolume Radiosensitivity and the Risk of Radiation-Induced Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Park S, McNutt T, Plishker W, Quon H, Wong J, Shekhar R, Lee J. Technical Note: scuda: A software platform for cumulative dose assessment. Med Phys 2016; 43:5339. [PMID: 27782691 PMCID: PMC5018004 DOI: 10.1118/1.4961985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate tracking of anatomical changes and computation of actually delivered dose to the patient are critical for successful adaptive radiation therapy (ART). Additionally, efficient data management and fast processing are practically important for the adoption in clinic as ART involves a large amount of image and treatment data. The purpose of this study was to develop an accurate and efficient Software platform for CUmulative Dose Assessment (scuda) that can be seamlessly integrated into the clinical workflow. METHODS scuda consists of deformable image registration (DIR), segmentation, dose computation modules, and a graphical user interface. It is connected to our image PACS and radiotherapy informatics databases from which it automatically queries/retrieves patient images, radiotherapy plan, beam data, and daily treatment information, thus providing an efficient and unified workflow. For accurate registration of the planning CT and daily CBCTs, the authors iteratively correct CBCT intensities by matching local intensity histograms during the DIR process. Contours of the target tumor and critical structures are then propagated from the planning CT to daily CBCTs using the computed deformations. The actual delivered daily dose is computed using the registered CT and patient setup information by a superposition/convolution algorithm, and accumulated using the computed deformation fields. Both DIR and dose computation modules are accelerated by a graphics processing unit. RESULTS The cumulative dose computation process has been validated on 30 head and neck (HN) cancer cases, showing 3.5 ± 5.0 Gy (mean±STD) absolute mean dose differences between the planned and the actually delivered doses in the parotid glands. On average, DIR, dose computation, and segmentation take 20 s/fraction and 17 min for a 35-fraction treatment including additional computation for dose accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The authors developed a unified software platform that provides accurate and efficient monitoring of anatomical changes and computation of actually delivered dose to the patient, thus realizing an efficient cumulative dose computation workflow. Evaluation on HN cases demonstrated the utility of our platform for monitoring the treatment quality and detecting significant dosimetric variations that are keys to successful ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoun Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Todd McNutt
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | | | - Harry Quon
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - John Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Raj Shekhar
- IGI Technologies, Inc., College Park, Maryland 20742 and Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
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Reddy MA, Shekhar R, Jai Kumar S. An improved matrix separation method for characterization of ultrapure germanium (8N). Talanta 2016; 159:14-22. [PMID: 27474273 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An improved matrix separation method has been described to characterize ultrapure germanium of 8N (99.999999%) purity. In this method, temperature of the reaction vessel in which in-situ generated chlorine gas reacts with germanium solid material directly is optimized to quantitatively remove Ge matrix from all its impurities. Optimized reaction temperature has been found to be 230±5°C. Recovery studies on more than 60 elements have been carried out at the optimized temperature. Recoveries of all the analytes except As, Se, Sn, Hg, Tl are found to be quantitative. The method has been examined for various amounts of Ge material and found to be suitable even for 10g of Ge sample and provides low parts per billion and trillion levels of process blanks. Determination of concentrations of impurities has been done by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer (ICP-QMS) and high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (HR-CS-GFAAS). In the absence of certified reference materials for ultrapure germanium, accuracy of the proposed method is established by spike recovery tests. Precision of this method is found to vary from 7% to 50% for concentrations between 4 and 0.004ngg(-1). Limits of detection (LOD) for the target analytes are found to be between 6 and 0.011ngmL(-1) or 1.8-0.003ngg(-1) for the proposed procedure. The method has been successfully applied for that characterization of ultrapure germanium material of 8N purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Reddy
- National Centre for Compositional Characterization of Materials (NCCCM) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Hyderabad 500062, India
| | - R Shekhar
- National Centre for Compositional Characterization of Materials (NCCCM) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Hyderabad 500062, India.
| | - Sunil Jai Kumar
- National Centre for Compositional Characterization of Materials (NCCCM) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Hyderabad 500062, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Still's murmur is the most common innocent heart murmur in children. It is also the most commonly misdiagnosed murmur, resulting in a high number of unnecessary referrals to pediatric cardiologist. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer algorithm for automated identification of Still's murmur that may help reduce unnecessary referrals. METHODS We first developed an accurate segmentation algorithm to locate the first and the second heart sounds. Once these sounds were identified, we extracted signal features specific to Still's murmur. Subsequently, machine learning-based classifiers, artificial neural network and support vector machine, were used to identify Still's murmur. RESULTS We evaluated our classifiers using the jackknife method using 87 Still's murmurs and 170 non-Still's murmurs. Our algorithm identified Still's murmur accurately with 84-93% sensitivity and 91-99% specificity. CONCLUSION We have achieved accurate automated identification of Still's murmur while minimizing false positives. The performance of our algorithm is comparable to the rate of murmur identification by auscultation by pediatric cardiologists. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, our solution is the first murmur classifier that focuses singularly on Still's murmur. Following further refinement and testing, the presented algorithm could reduce the number of children with Still's murmur referred unnecessarily to pediatric cardiologists.
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Park S, Quon H, McNutt T, Plishker W, Shekhar R, Lee J. SU-F-J-218: Predicting Radiation-Induced Xerostomia by Dosimetrically Accounting for Daily Setup Uncertainty During Head and Neck IMRT. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Zaki G, Plishker W, Li W, Lee J, Quon H, Wong J, Shekhar R. The Utility of Cloud Computing in Analyzing GPU-Accelerated Deformable Image Registration of CT and CBCT Images in Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Therapy. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med 2016; 4:4300311. [PMID: 32520000 PMCID: PMC6984195 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2016.2597838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The images generated during radiation oncology treatments provide a valuable resource to conduct analysis for personalized therapy, outcomes prediction, and treatment margin optimization. Deformable image registration (DIR) is an essential tool in analyzing these images. We are enhancing and examining DIR with the contributions of this paper: 1) implementing and investigating a cloud and graphic processing unit (GPU) accelerated DIR solution and 2) assessing the accuracy and flexibility of that solution on planning computed tomography (CT) with cone-beam CT (CBCT). Registering planning CTs and CBCTs aids in monitoring tumors, tracking body changes, and assuring that the treatment is executed as planned. This provides significant information not only on the level of a single patient, but also for an oncology department. However, traditional methods for DIR are usually time-consuming, and manual intervention is sometimes required even for a single registration. In this paper, we present a cloud-based solution in order to increase the data analysis throughput, so that treatment tracking results may be delivered at the time of care. We assess our solution in terms of accuracy and flexibility compared with a commercial tool registering CT with CBCT. The latency of a previously reported mutual information-based DIR algorithm was improved with GPUs for a single registration. This registration consists of rigid registration followed by volume subdivision-based nonrigid registration. In this paper, the throughput of the system was accelerated on the cloud for hundreds of data analysis pairs. Nine clinical cases of head and neck cancer patients were utilized to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy and throughput. Target registration error (TRE) and structural similarity index were utilized as evaluation metrics for registration accuracy. The total computation time consisting of preprocessing the data, running the registration, and analyzing the results was used to evaluate the system throughput. Evaluation showed that the average TRE for GPU-accelerated DIR for each of the nine patients was from 1.99 to 3.39 mm, which is lower than the voxel dimension. The total processing time for 282 pairs on an Amazon Web Services cloud consisting of 20 GPU enabled nodes took less than an hour. Beyond the original registration, the cloud resources also included automatic registration quality checks with minimal impact to timing. Clinical data were utilized in quantitative evaluations, and the results showed that the presented method holds great potential for many high-impact clinical applications in radiation oncology, including adaptive radio therapy, patient outcomes prediction, and treatment margin optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zaki
- IGI Technologies, Inc.College ParkMD20742USA
| | | | - Wen Li
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging DepartmentUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA94115USA
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation SciencesThe Johns Hopkins School of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21231USA
| | - Harry Quon
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation SciencesThe Johns Hopkins School of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21231USA
| | - John Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation SciencesThe Johns Hopkins School of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21231USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- IGI Technologies, Inc.College ParkMD20742USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical InnovationChildren's National Medical CenterWashingtonDC20010USA
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Khandelwal H, Singh R, Bind A, Sunil S, Chakravartty J, Ghosh A, Dhandharia P, Bhachawat D, Shekhar R, Kumar SJ. Tensile properties and fracture toughness of Zr–2.5Nb alloy pressure tubes of IPHWR220. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Park S, Robinson A, Plishker W, Shekhar R, Kiess A, Quon H, Wong J, Lee J. TU-G-BRA-05: Predicting Volume Change of the Tumor and Critical Structures Throughout Radiation Therapy by CT-CBCT Registration with Local Intensity Correction. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Park S, Plishker W, Robinson A, Zaki G, Shekhar R, McNutt T, Wong J, Lee J. TU-AB-303-08: GPU-Based Software Platform for Efficient Image-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kwok CS, Clark AB, Musgrave SD, Potter JF, Dalton G, Day DJ, George A, Metcalf AK, Ngeh J, Nicolson A, Owusu-Agyei P, Shekhar R, Walsh K, Warburton EA, Bachmann MO, Myint PK. The SOAR stroke score predicts hospital length of stay in acute stroke: an external validation study. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:659-65. [PMID: 25648886 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study is to externally validate the SOAR stroke score (Stroke subtype, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project Classification, Age and prestroke modified Rankin score) in predicting hospital length of stay (LOS) following an admission for acute stroke. METHODS We conducted a multi-centre observational study in eight National Health Service hospital trusts in the Anglia Stroke & Heart Clinical Network between September 2008 and April 2011. The usefulness of the SOAR stroke score in predicting hospital LOS in the acute settings was examined for all stroke and then stratified by discharge status (discharged alive or died during the admission). RESULTS A total of 3596 patients (mean age 77 years) with first-ever or recurrent stroke (92% ischaemic) were included. Increasing LOS was observed with increasing SOAR stroke score (p < 0.001 for both mean and median) and the SOAR stroke score of 0 had the shortest mean LOS (12 ± 20 days) while the SOAR stroke score of 6 had the longest mean LOS (26 ± 28 days). Among patients who were discharged alive, increasing SOAR stroke score had a significantly higher mean and median LOS (p < 0.001 for both mean and median) and the LOS peaked among patients with score value of 6 [mean (SD) 35 ± 31 days, median (IQR) 23 (14-48) days]. For patients who died as in-patient, there was no significant difference in mean or median LOS with increasing SOAR stroke score (p = 0.68 and p = 0.79, respectively). CONCLUSION This external validation study confirms the usefulness of the SOAR stroke score in predicting LOS in patients with acute stroke especially in those who are likely to survive to discharge. This provides a simple prognostic score useful for clinicians, patients and service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Kwok
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - J F Potter
- Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - G Dalton
- Anglia Stroke & Heart Clinical Network, Cambridge, UK
| | - D J Day
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - A George
- James Paget University Hospital, Gorleston, UK
| | - A K Metcalf
- Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - J Ngeh
- Colchester Hospital, Colchester, UK
| | - A Nicolson
- West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | | | - R Shekhar
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn, UK
| | - K Walsh
- Hinchingbrooke Hospital, Huntingdon, UK
| | | | | | - P K Myint
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK
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Stevenson AT, Reese LM, Hill TK, McGuire J, Mohs AM, Shekhar R, Bickford LR, Whittington AR. Fabrication and characterization of medical grade polyurethane composite catheters for near-infrared imaging. Biomaterials 2015; 54:168-76. [PMID: 25907050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are hollow polymeric tubes that transport nutrients, blood and medications to neonates. To determine proper PICC placement, frequent X-ray imaging of neonates is performed. Because X-rays pose severe health risks to neonates, safer alternatives are needed. We hypothesize that near infrared (NIR) polymer composites can be fabricated into catheters by incorporating a fluorescent dye (IRDye 800CW) and visualized using NIR imaging. To fabricate catheters, polymer and dye are dry mixed and pressed, sectioned, and extruded to produce hollow tubes. We analyzed surface roughness, stiffness, dye retention, NIR contrast intensity, and biocompatibility. The extrusion process did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of the polymer composites. Over a period of 23 days, only 6.35 ± 5.08% dye leached out of catheters. The addition of 0.025 wt% dye resulted in a 14-fold contrast enhancement producing clear PICC images at 1 cm under a tissue equivalent. The addition of IRDye 800CW did not alter the biocompatibility of the polymer and did not increase adhesion of cells to the surface. We successfully demonstrated that catheters can be imaged without the use of harmful radiation and still maintain the same properties as the unaltered medical grade equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- André T Stevenson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Collegiate Square, Suite 302, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Laura M Reese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Tanner K Hill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences and Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jeffrey McGuire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Randolph Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Aaron M Mohs
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences and Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Lissett R Bickford
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Randolph Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Abby R Whittington
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Collegiate Square, Suite 302, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Randolph Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Liu X, Su H, Kang S, Kane TD, Shekhar R. Application of single-image camera calibration for ultrasound augmented laparoscopic visualization. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2015; 9415. [PMID: 28943703 DOI: 10.1117/12.2082194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Accurate calibration of laparoscopic cameras is essential for enabling many surgical visualization and navigation technologies such as the ultrasound-augmented visualization system that we have developed for laparoscopic surgery. In addition to accuracy and robustness, there is a practical need for a fast and easy camera calibration method that can be performed on demand in the operating room (OR). Conventional camera calibration methods are not suitable for the OR use because they are lengthy and tedious. They require acquisition of multiple images of a target pattern in its entirety to produce satisfactory result. In this work, we evaluated the performance of a single-image camera calibration tool (rdCalib; Percieve3D, Coimbra, Portugal) featuring automatic detection of corner points in the image, whether partial or complete, of a custom target pattern. Intrinsic camera parameters of a 5-mm and a 10-mm standard Stryker® laparoscopes obtained using rdCalib and the well-accepted OpenCV camera calibration method were compared. Target registration error (TRE) as a measure of camera calibration accuracy for our optical tracking-based AR system was also compared between the two calibration methods. Based on our experiments, the single-image camera calibration yields consistent and accurate results (mean TRE = 1.18 ± 0.35 mm for the 5-mm scope and mean TRE = 1.13 ± 0.32 mm for the 10-mm scope), which are comparable to the results obtained using the OpenCV method with 30 images. The new single-image camera calibration method is promising to be applied to our augmented reality visualization system for laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington, DC, USA 20010
| | - He Su
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington, DC, USA 20010.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China 300072
| | - Sukryool Kang
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington, DC, USA 20010
| | - Timothy D Kane
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington, DC, USA 20010
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington, DC, USA 20010
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Plishker W, Zaki G, Lee J, Wong J, McNutt T, Shekhar R. Retrospective Assessment of Image Mask Box Sizing for Automatic Patient Positioning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Aaltonen T, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Annovi A, Antos J, Apollinari G, Appel J, Arisawa T, Artikov A, Asaadi J, Ashmanskas W, Auerbach B, Aurisano A, Azfar F, Badgett W, Bae T, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barnes V, Barnett B, Guimaraes da Costa J, Barria P, Bartos P, Bauce M, Bedeschi F, Beecher D, Behari S, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Bhatti A, Binkley M, Bizjak I, Bland K, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Bortoletto D, Boudreau J, Boveia A, Brigliadori L, Bromberg C, Brucken E, Budagov J, Budd H, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Butti P, Buzatu A, Calamba A, Camarda S, Campanelli M, Canelli F, Carls B, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carrillo S, Casal B, Casarsa M, Castro A, Catastini P, Cauz D, Cavaliere V, Cavalli-Sforza M, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chen Y, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Cho K, Chokheli D, Clark A, Clarke C, Convery M, Conway J, Corbo M, Cordelli M, Cox C, Cox D, Cremonesi M, Cruz D, Cuevas J, Culbertson R, d’Ascenzo N, Datta M, de Barbaro P, Demortier L, Deninno M, D’Errico M, Devoto F, Di Canto A, Di Ruzza B, Dittmann J, Donati S, D’Onofrio M, Dorigo M, Driutti A, Ebina K, Edgar R, Elagin A, Erbacher R, Errede S, Esham B, Eusebi R, Farrington S, Fernández Ramos J, Field R, Flanagan G, Forrest R, Franklin M, Freeman J, Frisch H, Funakoshi Y, Galloni C, Garfinkel A, Garosi P, Gerberich H, Gerchtein E, Giagu S, Giakoumopoulou V, Gibson K, Ginsburg C, Giokaris N, Giromini P, Giurgiu G, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gold M, Goldin D, Golossanov A, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, González López O, Gorelov I, Goshaw A, Goulianos K, Gramellini E, Grinstein S, Grosso-Pilcher C, Group R, Hahn S, Han J, Happacher F, Hara K, Hare M, Harr R, Harrington-Taber T, Hatakeyama K, Hays C, Heinrich J, Herndon M, Hocker A, Hong Z, Hopkins W, Hou S, Hughes R, Husemann U, Hussein M, Huston J, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ivanov A, James E, Jang D, Jayatilaka B, Jeon E, Jindariani S, Jones M, Joo K, Jun S, Junk T, Kambeitz M, Kamon T, Karchin P, Kasmi A, Kato Y, Ketchum W, Keung J, Kilminster B, Kim D, Kim H, Kim J, Kim M, Kim S, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim Y, Kimura N, Kirby M, Knoepfel K, Kondo K, Kong D, Konigsberg J, Kotwal A, Kreps M, Kroll J, Kruse M, Kuhr T, Kurata M, Laasanen A, Lammel S, Lancaster M, Lannon K, Latino G, Lee H, Lee J, Leo S, Leone S, Lewis J, Limosani A, Lipeles E, Lister A, Liu H, Liu Q, Liu T, Lockwitz S, Loginov A, Lucchesi D, Lucà A, Lueck J, Lujan P, Lukens P, Lungu G, Lys J, Lysak R, Madrak R, Maestro P, Malik S, Manca G, Manousakis-Katsikakis A, Marchese L, Margaroli F, Marino P, Martínez M, Matera K, Mattson M, Mazzacane A, Mazzanti P, McNulty R, Mehta A, Mehtala P, Mesropian C, Miao T, Mietlicki D, Mitra A, Miyake H, Moed S, Moggi N, Moon C, Moore R, Morello M, Mukherjee A, Muller T, Murat P, Mussini M, Nachtman J, Nagai Y, Naganoma J, Nakano I, Napier A, Nett J, Neu C, Nigmanov T, Nodulman L, Noh S, Norniella O, Nurse E, Oakes L, Oh S, Oh Y, Oksuzian I, Okusawa T, Orava R, Ortolan L, Pagliarone C, Palencia E, Palni P, Papadimitriou V, Parker W, Pauletta G, Paulini M, Paus C, Phillips T, Piacentino G, Pianori E, Pilot J, Pitts K, Plager C, Pondrom L, Poprocki S, Potamianos K, Pranko A, Prokoshin F, Ptohos F, Punzi G, Ranjan N, Redondo Fernández I, Renton P, Rescigno M, Riddick T, Rimondi F, Ristori L, Robson A, Rodriguez T, Rolli S, Ronzani M, Roser R, Rosner J, Ruffini F, Ruiz A, Russ J, Rusu V, Sakumoto W, Sakurai Y, Santi L, Sato K, Saveliev V, Savoy-Navarro A, Schlabach P, Schmidt E, Schwarz T, Scodellaro L, Scuri F, Seidel S, Seiya Y, Semenov A, Sforza F, Shalhout S, Shears T, Shekhar R, Shepard P, Shimojima M, Shochet M, Simonenko A, Sliwa K, Smith J, Snider F, Song H, Sorin V, St. Denis R, Stancari M, Stelzer-Chilton O, Stentz D, Strologas J, Sudo Y, Sukhanov A, Sun S, Suslov I, Takemasa K, Takeuchi Y, Tang J, Tecchio M, Shreyber-Tecker I, Teng P, Thom J, Thomson E, Thukral V, Toback D, Tokar S, Tollefson K, Tomura T, Tonelli D, Torre S, Torretta D, Totaro P, Trovato M, Ukegawa F, Uozumi S, Vázquez F, Velev G, Vellidis C, Vernieri C, Vidal M, Vilar R, Vizán J, Vogel M, Volpi G, Wagner P, Wallny R, Wang S, Waters D, Wester III W, Whiteson D, Wicklund A, Wilbur S, Williams H, Wilson J, Wilson P, Winer B, Wittich P, Wolbers S, Wolfe H, Wright T, Wu X, Wu Z, Yamamoto K, Yamato D, Yang T, Yang U, Yang Y, Yao WM, Yeh G, Yi K, Yoh J, Yorita K, Yoshida T, Yu G, Yu I, Zanetti A, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Zucchelli S. Precise measurement of theW-boson mass with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.89.072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Agarwal S, Day DJ, Sibson L, Barry PJ, Collas D, Metcalf K, Cotter PE, Guyler P, O'Brien EW, O'Brien A, O'Kane D, Owusu-Agyei P, Phillips P, Shekhar R, Warburton EA. Thrombolysis delivery by a regional telestroke network--experience from the U.K. National Health Service. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000408. [PMID: 24572251 PMCID: PMC3959696 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The majority of established telestroke services are based on “hub‐and‐spoke” models for providing acute clinical assessment and thrombolysis. We report results from the first year of the successful implementation of a locally based telemedicine network, without the need of 1 or more hub hospitals, across a largely rural landscape. Methods and Results Following a successful pilot phase that demonstrated safety and feasibility, the East of England telestroke project was rolled out across 7 regional hospitals, covering an area of 7500 square miles and a population of 5.6 million to enable out‐of‐hours access to thrombolysis. Between November 2010 and November 2011, 142 telemedicine consultations were recorded out‐of‐hours. Seventy‐four (52.11%) cases received thrombolysis. Median (IQR) onset‐to‐needle and door‐to‐needle times were 169 (141.5 to 201.5) minutes and 94 (72 to 113.5) minutes, respectively. Symptomatic hemorrhage rate was 7.3% and stroke mimic rate was 10.6%. Conclusions We demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of a horizontal networking approach for stroke telemedicine, which may be applicable to areas where traditional “hub‐and‐spoke” models may not be geographically feasible.
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Kang X, Azizian M, Wilson E, Wu K, Martin AD, Kane TD, Peters CA, Cleary K, Shekhar R. Stereoscopic augmented reality for laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 2014; 28:2227-35. [PMID: 24488352 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional laparoscopes provide a flat representation of the three-dimensional (3D) operating field and are incapable of visualizing internal structures located beneath visible organ surfaces. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images are difficult to fuse in real time with laparoscopic views due to the deformable nature of soft-tissue organs. Utilizing emerging camera technology, we have developed a real-time stereoscopic augmented-reality (AR) system for laparoscopic surgery by merging live laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) with stereoscopic video. The system creates two new visual cues: (1) perception of true depth with improved understanding of 3D spatial relationships among anatomical structures, and (2) visualization of critical internal structures along with a more comprehensive visualization of the operating field. METHODS The stereoscopic AR system has been designed for near-term clinical translation with seamless integration into the existing surgical workflow. It is composed of a stereoscopic vision system, a LUS system, and an optical tracker. Specialized software processes streams of imaging data from the tracked devices and registers those in real time. The resulting two ultrasound-augmented video streams (one for the left and one for the right eye) give a live stereoscopic AR view of the operating field. The team conducted a series of stereoscopic AR interrogations of the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and kidneys in two swine. RESULTS The preclinical studies demonstrated the feasibility of the stereoscopic AR system during in vivo procedures. Major internal structures could be easily identified. The system exhibited unobservable latency with acceptable image-to-video registration accuracy. CONCLUSIONS We presented the first in vivo use of a complete system with stereoscopic AR visualization capability. This new capability introduces new visual cues and enhances visualization of the surgical anatomy. The system shows promise to improve the precision and expand the capacity of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kang
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA,
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Gupta P, Shekhar R, O'Mahony MS, Karlsson J, Soderstrom A, Berggren AC, Sumukadas D, Price R, Leese GP, Trucco E, McMurdo MET. Bone, muscle and rheumatology. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kwok CS, Potter JF, Dalton G, George A, Metcalf AK, Ngeh J, Nicolson A, Owusu-Agyei P, Shekhar R, Walsh K, Warburton EA, Myint PK. The SOAR stroke score predicts inpatient and 7-day mortality in acute stroke. Stroke 2013; 44:2010-2. [PMID: 23780953 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An accurate prognosis is useful for patients, family, and service providers after acute stroke. METHODS We validated the Stroke subtype, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project Classification, Age, and prestroke Rankin stroke score in predicting inpatient and 7-day mortality using data from 8 National Health Service hospital trusts in the Anglia Stroke and Heart Clinical Network between September 2008 and April 2011. RESULTS A total of 3547 stroke patients (ischemic, 92%) were included. An incremental increase of inpatient and 7-day mortality was observed with increase in Stroke subtype, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project Classification, Age, and prestroke Rankin stroke score. Using a cut-off of ≥3, the area under the receiver operator curves values for inpatient and 7-day mortality were 0.80 and 0.82, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A simple score based on 4 easily obtainable variables at the point of care may potentially help predict early stroke mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shing Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom.
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Lee J, Jacques R, Li W, Plishker W, Moore J, Shekhar R, McNutt T, Wong J. SU-E-J-205: Fast Computation of Actual Dose Delivered to the Patient for IMRT Treatment Quality Assessment and Adaptive Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Reilly BK, Holliday MA, Rock AN, Kang X, Shekhar R, Preciado DA. Three-dimensional direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy: enhanced visualization of the airway. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 139:367-70. [PMID: 23599072 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This is the first description of 3-dimensional (3D) pediatric airway endoscopy in the otolaryngology literature detailing the superior visualization with this technology. Ultimately, enhanced optics may further improve the treatment of airway pathology. OBJECTIVE To report the first case series examining the use of 3D direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (DLB) in the diagnosis and management of laryngotracheal pathology. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Tertiary care pediatric hospital. PARTICIPANTS Three patients underwent both telescopic 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D DLB for comparison purposes: a 12-year-old boy for visualization of complete tracheal rings, a 23-year-old man for dilation of tracheal stenosis, and a 4-month-old boy for resection of subglottic cysts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Enhanced visualization of laryngotracheal pathology and facilitated endoscopic surgery. RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first case series in the otolaryngology literature examining the use of 3D DLB for the resection of subglottic cysts, dilation of tracheal stenosis, and visualization of complete tracheal rings. We believe that the 3D view offers qualitatively improved depth perception, accuracy of balloon placement, and appraisal of subglottic cyst resection margins. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This emerging technology has vast potential for improving endoscopy, surgical precision in airway interventions, tissue preservation, and methods of teaching. More research is needed in this area regarding the benefits and advantages of 3D compared with 2D endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Reilly
- Division of Otolaryngology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Whitmer JK, Roberts TF, Shekhar R, Abbott NL, de Pablo JJ. Modeling the polydomain-monodomain transition of liquid crystal elastomers. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 87:020502. [PMID: 23496448 PMCID: PMC4434589 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the mechanism of the polydomain-monodomain transition in liquid crystalline elastomers at the molecular scale. A coarse-grained model is proposed in which mesogens are described as ellipsoidal particles. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine the transition from a polydomain state to a monodomain state in the presence of uniaxial strain. Our model demonstrates soft elasticity, similar to that exhibited by side-chain elastomers in the literature. By analyzing the growth dynamics of nematic domains during uniaxial extension, we provide direct evidence that at a molecular level the polydomain-monodomain transition proceeds through cluster rotation and domain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K. Whitmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706-1691
| | - Tyler F. Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706-1691
| | - Raj Shekhar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706-1691
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706-1691
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Shekhar R, Whitmer JK, Malshe R, Moreno-Razo JA, Roberts TF, de Pablo JJ. Isotropic-nematic phase transition in the Lebwohl-Lasher model from density of states simulations. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:234503. [PMID: 22779602 PMCID: PMC4108680 DOI: 10.1063/1.4722209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Density of states Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to study the isotropic-nematic (IN) transition of the Lebwohl-Lasher model for liquid crystals. The IN transition temperature was calculated as a function of system size using expanded ensemble density of states simulations with histogram reweighting. The IN temperature for infinite system size was obtained by extrapolation of three independent measures. A subsequent analysis of the kinetics in the model showed that the transition occurs via spinodal decomposition through aggregation of clusters of liquid crystal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Shekhar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1691, USA
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Aaltonen T, Álvarez González B, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Annovi A, Antos J, Apollinari G, Appel JA, Arisawa T, Artikov A, Asaadi J, Ashmanskas W, Auerbach B, Aurisano A, Azfar F, Badgett W, Bae T, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barnes VE, Barnett BA, Barria P, Bartos P, Bauce M, Bedeschi F, Beecher D, Behari S, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Bhatti A, Binkley M, Bisello D, Bizjak I, Bland KR, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Bortoletto D, Boudreau J, Boveia A, Brigliadori L, Bromberg C, Brucken E, Budagov J, Budd HS, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Buzatu A, Calamba A, Calancha C, Camarda S, Campanelli M, Campbell M, Canelli F, Carls B, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carrillo S, Carron S, Casal B, Casarsa M, Castro A, Catastini P, Cauz D, Cavaliere V, Cavalli-Sforza M, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chen YC, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Chlebana F, Cho K, Chokheli D, Chung WH, Chung YS, Ciocci MA, Clark A, Clarke C, Compostella G, Convery ME, Conway J, Corbo M, Cordelli M, Cox CA, Cox DJ, Crescioli F, Cuevas J, Culbertson R, Dagenhart D, d'Ascenzo N, Datta M, de Barbaro P, Dell'Orso M, Demortier L, Deninno M, Devoto F, d'Errico M, Di Canto A, Di Ruzza B, Dittmann JR, D'Onofrio M, Donati S, Dong P, Dorigo M, Dorigo T, Ebina K, Elagin A, Eppig A, Erbacher R, Errede S, Ershaidat N, Eusebi R, Farrington S, Feindt M, Fernandez JP, Field R, Flanagan G, Forrest R, Frank MJ, Franklin M, Freeman JC, Funakoshi Y, Furic I, Gallinaro M, Garcia JE, Garfinkel AF, Garosi P, Gerberich H, Gerchtein E, Giagu S, Giakoumopoulou V, Giannetti P, Gibson K, Ginsburg CM, Giokaris N, Giromini P, Giurgiu G, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gold M, Goldin D, Goldschmidt N, Golossanov A, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, González O, Gorelov I, Goshaw AT, Goulianos K, Grinstein S, Grosso-Pilcher C, Group RC, Guimaraes da Costa J, Hahn SR, Halkiadakis E, Hamaguchi A, Han JY, Happacher F, Hara K, Hare D, Hare M, Harr RF, Hatakeyama K, Hays C, Heck M, Heinrich J, Herndon M, Hewamanage S, Hocker A, Hopkins W, Horn D, Hou S, Hughes RE, Hurwitz M, Husemann U, Hussain N, Hussein M, Huston J, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ivanov A, James E, Jang D, Jayatilaka B, Jeon EJ, Jindariani S, Jones M, Joo KK, Jun SY, Junk TR, Kamon T, Karchin PE, Kasmi A, Kato Y, Ketchum W, Keung J, Khotilovich V, Kilminster B, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kim SB, Kim SH, Kim YK, Kim YJ, Kimura N, Kirby M, Klimenko S, Knoepfel K, Kondo K, Kong DJ, Konigsberg J, Kotwal AV, Kreps M, Kroll J, Krop D, Kruse M, Krutelyov V, Kuhr T, Kurata M, Kwang S, Laasanen AT, Lami S, Lammel S, Lancaster M, Lander RL, Lannon K, Lath A, Latino G, LeCompte T, Lee E, Lee HS, Lee JS, Lee SW, Leo S, Leone S, Lewis JD, Limosani A, Lin CJ, Lindgren M, Lipeles E, Lister A, Litvintsev DO, Liu C, Liu H, Liu Q, Liu T, Lockwitz S, Loginov A, Lucchesi D, Lueck J, Lujan P, Lukens P, Lungu G, Lys J, Lysak R, Madrak R, Maeshima K, Maestro P, Malik S, Manca G, Manousakis-Katsikakis A, Margaroli F, Marino C, Martínez M, Mastrandrea P, Matera K, Mattson ME, Mazzacane A, Mazzanti P, McFarland KS, McIntyre P, McNulty R, Mehta A, Mehtala P, Mesropian C, Miao T, Mietlicki D, Mitra A, Miyake H, Moed S, Moggi N, Mondragon MN, Moon CS, Moore R, Morello MJ, Morlock J, Movilla Fernandez P, Mukherjee A, Muller T, Murat P, Mussini M, Nachtman J, Nagai Y, Naganoma J, Nakano I, Napier A, Nett J, Neu C, Neubauer MS, Nielsen J, Nodulman L, Noh SY, Norniella O, Nurse E, Oakes L, Oh SH, Oh YD, Oksuzian I, Okusawa T, Orava R, Ortolan L, Pagan Griso S, Pagliarone C, Palencia E, Papadimitriou V, Paramonov AA, Patrick J, Pauletta G, Paulini M, Paus C, Pellett DE, Penzo A, Phillips TJ, Piacentino G, Pianori E, Pilot J, Pitts K, Plager C, Pondrom L, Poprocki S, Potamianos K, Prokoshin F, Pranko A, Ptohos F, Punzi G, Rahaman A, Ramakrishnan V, Ranjan N, Redondo I, Renton P, Rescigno M, Riddick T, Rimondi F, Ristori L, Robson A, Rodrigo T, Rodriguez T, Rogers E, Rolli S, Roser R, Ruffini F, Ruiz A, Russ J, Rusu V, Safonov A, Sakumoto WK, Sakurai Y, Santi L, Sato K, Saveliev V, Savoy-Navarro A, Schlabach P, Schmidt A, Schmidt EE, Schwarz T, Scodellaro L, Scribano A, Scuri F, Seidel S, Seiya Y, Semenov A, Sforza F, Shalhout SZ, Shears T, Shekhar R, Shepard PF, Shimojima M, Shochet M, Shreyber-Tecker I, Simonenko A, Sinervo P, Sliwa K, Smith JR, Snider FD, Soha A, Sorin V, Song H, Squillacioti P, Stancari M, St Denis R, Stelzer B, Stelzer-Chilton O, Stentz D, Strologas J, Strycker GL, Sudo Y, Sukhanov A, Sun S, Suslov I, Takemasa K, Takeuchi Y, Tang J, Tecchio M, Teng PK, Thom J, Thome J, Thompson DS, Thompson GA, Thomson E, Toback D, Tokar S, Tollefson K, Tomura T, Tonelli D, Torre S, Torretta D, Totaro P, Trovato M, Ukegawa F, Uozumi S, Varganov A, Vázquez F, Velev G, Vellidis C, Vidal M, Vila I, Vilar R, Vizán J, Vogel M, Volpi G, Wagner P, Wagner RL, Wakisaka T, Wallny R, Wang SM, Warburton A, Waters D, Wester WC, Whiteson D, Wicklund AB, Wicklund E, Wilbur S, Wick F, Williams HH, Wilson JS, Wilson P, Winer BL, Wittich P, Wolbers S, Wolfe H, Wright T, Wu X, Wu Z, Yamamoto K, Yamato D, Yang T, Yang UK, Yang YC, Yao WM, Yeh GP, Yi K, Yoh J, Yorita K, Yoshida T, Yu GB, Yu I, Yu SS, Yun JC, Zanetti A, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Zucchelli S. Precise measurement of the W-boson mass with the CDF II detector. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:151803. [PMID: 22587243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the W-boson mass M(W) using data corresponding to 2.2 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Samples consisting of 470,126 W → eν candidates and 624,708 W → μν candidates yield the measurement M(W) = 80,387 ± 12(stat.) ± 15(syst.) = 80,387 ± 19 MeV/c2. This is the most precise measurement of the W-boson mass to date and significantly exceeds the precision of all previous measurements combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aaltonen
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Prabodh S, Prakash DSRS, Sudhakar G, Chowdary NVS, Desai V, Shekhar R. Status of copper and magnesium levels in diabetic nephropathy cases: a case-control study from South India. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 142:29-35. [PMID: 20552294 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus. This present study investigates the status of copper and magnesium in diabetic nephropathy cases to establish a possible relation. Forty patients of diabetic nephropathy participated in the study as cases. Forty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Blood samples were collected from both cases and controls for determination of FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, microalbumin, copper, and magnesium levels. The mean concentrations of FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, and microalbumin of cases were significantly higher than that of controls. The mean magnesium levels of cases (1.60 ± 0.32 meq/L) were significantly lower than controls 2.14 ± 0.16 meq/L (p < 0.05). But the mean copper levels of cases, 165.42 ± 5.71 μg/dl, shows no significant difference with controls, 166.6 ± 5.48 μg/dl, (p > 0.05).The findings in the present study suggest that hypomagnesemia may be linked with development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prabodh
- Department of Biochemistry, NRI Medical College, General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
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