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Trionfetti F, Montaldo C, Caiello I, Bontempi G, Terri M, Tiberi M, Marchant V, Domenici A, Menè P, Cordani M, Zwergel C, Prencipe G, Ruiz-Ortega M, Valente S, Mai A, Tripodi M, Strippoli R. Mechanisms of mesothelial cell response to viral infections: HDAC1-3 inhibition blocks poly(I:C)-induced type I interferon response and modulates the mesenchymal/inflammatory phenotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1308362. [PMID: 38476167 PMCID: PMC10927979 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1308362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious peritonitis is a leading cause of peritoneal functional impairment and a primary factor for therapy discontinuation in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Although bacterial infections are a common cause of peritonitis episodes, emerging evidence suggests a role for viral pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) specifically recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria, viruses, and fungi, thereby orchestrating the ensuing inflammatory/immune responses. Among TLRs, TLR3 recognizes viral dsRNA and triggers antiviral response cascades upon activation. Epigenetic regulation, mediated by histone deacetylase (HDAC), has been demonstrated to control several cellular functions in response to various extracellular stimuli. Employing epigenetic target modulators, such as epidrugs, is a current therapeutic option in several cancers and holds promise in treating viral diseases. This study aims to elucidate the impact of TLR3 stimulation on the plasticity of human mesothelial cells (MCs) in PD patients and to investigate the effects of HDAC1-3 inhibition. Treatment of MCs from PD patients with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), led to the acquisition of a bona fide mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) characterized by the upregulation of mesenchymal genes and loss of epithelial-like features. Moreover, Poly(I:C) modulated the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. A quantitative proteomic analysis of MCs treated with MS-275, an HDAC1-3 inhibitor, unveiled altered expression of several proteins, including inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Treatment with MS-275 facilitated MMT reversal and inhibited the interferon signature, which was associated with reduced STAT1 phosphorylation. However, the modulation of inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production was not univocal, as IL-6 and CXCL8 were augmented while TNF-α and CXCL10 were decreased. Collectively, our findings underline the significance of viral infections in acquiring a mesenchymal-like phenotype by MCs and the potential consequences of virus-associated peritonitis episodes for PD patients. The observed promotion of MMT reversal and interferon response inhibition by an HDAC1-3 inhibitor, albeit without a general impact on inflammatory cytokine production, has translational implications deserving further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Caiello
- Division of Rheumatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Bontempi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terri
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tiberi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 15 REDINREN/RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Domenici
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Menè
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusi Prencipe
- Division of Rheumatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 15 REDINREN/RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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2
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Trionfetti F, Marchant V, González-Mateo GT, Kawka E, Márquez-Expósito L, Ortiz A, López-Cabrera M, Ruiz-Ortega M, Strippoli R. Novel Aspects of the Immune Response Involved in the Peritoneal Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients under Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5763. [PMID: 36982834 PMCID: PMC10059714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence is growing worldwide, with a significant percentage of CKD patients reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and requiring kidney replacement therapies (KRT). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a convenient KRT presenting benefices as home therapy. In PD patients, the peritoneum is chronically exposed to PD fluids containing supraphysiologic concentrations of glucose or other osmotic agents, leading to the activation of cellular and molecular processes of damage, including inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, peritonitis episodes enhance peritoneum inflammation status and accelerate peritoneal injury. Here, we review the role of immune cells in the damage of the peritoneal membrane (PM) by repeated exposure to PD fluids during KRT as well as by bacterial or viral infections. We also discuss the anti-inflammatory properties of current clinical treatments of CKD patients in KRT and their potential effect on preserving PM integrity. Finally, given the current importance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, we also analyze here the implications of this disease in CKD and KRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN/RICORS2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe T. González-Mateo
- Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Premium Research, S.L., 19005 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry St., 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Márquez-Expósito
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN/RICORS2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN/RICORS2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
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Terri M, Trionfetti F, Montaldo C, Cordani M, Tripodi M, Lopez-Cabrera M, Strippoli R. Mechanisms of Peritoneal Fibrosis: Focus on Immune Cells-Peritoneal Stroma Interactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607204. [PMID: 33854496 PMCID: PMC8039516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is characterized by abnormal production of extracellular matrix proteins leading to progressive thickening of the submesothelial compact zone of the peritoneal membrane. This process may be caused by a number of insults including pathological conditions linked to clinical practice, such as peritoneal dialysis, abdominal surgery, hemoperitoneum, and infectious peritonitis. All these events may cause acute/chronic inflammation and injury to the peritoneal membrane, which undergoes progressive fibrosis, angiogenesis, and vasculopathy. Among the cellular processes implicated in these peritoneal alterations is the generation of myofibroblasts from mesothelial cells and other cellular sources that are central in the induction of fibrosis and in the subsequent functional deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. Myofibroblast generation and activity is actually integrated in a complex network of extracellular signals generated by the various cellular types, including leukocytes, stably residing or recirculating along the peritoneal membrane. Here, the main extracellular factors and the cellular players are described with emphasis on the cross-talk between immune system and cells of the peritoneal stroma. The understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane has both a basic and a translational relevance, since it may be useful for setup of therapies aimed at counteracting the deterioration as well as restoring the homeostasis of the peritoneal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA) Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Lopez-Cabrera
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Hwang EH, Kim TH, Oh SM, Lee KB, Yang SJ, Park JH. Toll/IL-1 domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) mediates innate immune responses in murine peritoneal mesothelial cells through TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation. Cytokine 2015; 77:127-34. [PMID: 26579632 PMCID: PMC7128242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
TRIF is involved in cytokines and chemokines production by poly I:C and LPS in PMCs. TRIF mediates iNOS expression and NO production by poly I:C or LPS in PMCs. TRIF is required for IFN-β gene expression in PMCs stimulated by poly I:C or LPS. TRIF is essential for optimal production of IL-6, CXCL1, and CCL2 by live G-bacteria.
Mesothelial cells are composed of monolayer of the entire surface of serosal cavities including pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavity. Although mesothelial cells are known to express multiple Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which contribute to trigger innate immune responses against infections, the precise molecular mechanism remains still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of Toll/IL-1 domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF), one of the two major TLRs–adaptor molecules, on innate immune response induced by TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation in murine peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs). TRIF was strongly expressed in PMCs and its deficiency led to impaired production of cytokines and chemokines by poly I:C and LPS in the cells. Activation of NF-κB or MAPKs through poly I:C and LPS stimulation was reduced in TRIF-deficient PMCs as compared to the WT cells. TRIF was also necessary for optimal nitric oxide synthesis and gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IFN-β in PMCs in response to poly I:C and LPS. Furthermore, both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced high level of IL-6, CXCL1, and CCL2 production in PMCs, which was significantly impaired by TRIF deficiency. These results demonstrated that TRIF is required for optimal activation of innate immune responses in mesothelial cells against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyoun Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Muk Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Lin B, Zhao H, Fan J, Xie F, Wang W, Ding X. B16 cell lysates plus polyinosinic-cytidylic acid effectively eradicate melanoma in a mouse model by acting as a prophylactic vaccine. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:911-6. [PMID: 24840631 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1 antigen-specific T cells secrete interferon-γ, which is able to kill antigen-specific cancer cells and is helpful for cancer vaccines. The aim of the present study was to explore whether B16 cell lysates plus polyinosinic-cytidylic acid (poly I:C) can effectively inhibit the progression of melanoma in an animal model. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups, with each group containing more than six mice. The groups of mice were immunized twice with B16 cell lysates plus poly I:C, B16 cell lysates, or phosphate-buffered saline only, respectively. The in vivo results demonstrated that splenocytes from the mice immunized with B16 cell lysates plus poly I:C contained higher percentages of CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes, which were detected by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and produced higher levels of antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation activity, as detected by MTT assay. The splenocytes from the mice immunized with B16 cell lysates in combination with poly I:C produced higher levels of interferon‑γ, as detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity when stimulated in vitro with B16 lysates. Additionally, subcutaneous immunization of the C57BL/6 mice with B16 cell lysates plus poly I:C conferred greater protection against tumor-forming B16 melanoma cells than that of the mice immunized with injection of B16 cell lysate alone. In conclusion, the cancer vaccine of B16 cell lysates plus poly I:C exerts potently protective effects that polarize responses toward Th1 and elicit antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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6
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Immunity and malignant mesothelioma: From mesothelial cell damage to tumor development and immune response-based therapies. Cancer Lett 2012; 322:18-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Berger M, Hsieh CY, Bakele M, Marcos V, Rieber N, Kormann M, Mays L, Hofer L, Neth O, Vitkov L, Krautgartner WD, von Schweinitz D, Kappler R, Hector A, Weber A, Hartl D. Neutrophils express distinct RNA receptors in a non-canonical way. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19409-17. [PMID: 22532562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.353557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAs are capable of modulating immune responses by binding to specific receptors. Neutrophils represent the major fraction of circulating immune cells, but receptors and mechanisms by which neutrophils sense RNA are poorly defined. Here, we analyzed the mRNA and protein expression patterns and the subcellular localization of the RNA receptors RIG-I, MDA-5, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 in primary neutrophils and immortalized neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells. Our results demonstrate that both neutrophils and differentiated HL-60 cells express RIG-I, MDA-5, and TLR8 at the mRNA and protein levels, whereas TLR3 and TLR7 are not expressed at the protein level. Subcellular fractionation, flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and immuno-transmission electron microscopy provided evidence that, besides the cytoplasm, RIG-I and MDA-5 are stored in secretory vesicles of neutrophils and showed that RIG-I and its ligand, 3p-RNA, co-localize at the cell surface without triggering neutrophil activation. In summary, this study demonstrates that neutrophils express a distinct pattern of RNA recognition receptors in a non-canonical way, which could have essential implications for future RNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Center, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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8
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Colmont CS, Raby AC, Dioszeghy V, Lebouder E, Foster TL, Jones SA, Labéta MO, Fielding CA, Topley N. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells respond to bacterial ligands through a specific subset of Toll-like receptors. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:4079-90. [PMID: 21633096 PMCID: PMC3224115 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients worldwide. Previous studies have identified a key role for mesothelial cells, lining the peritoneal cavity, in coordinating inflammation and host defense. Toll-like receptor (TLR) involvement in early activation events within the mesothelium, however, remains poorly defined. To investigate the initiation of bacterial peritonitis, we characterized TLR activation by bacterial ligands in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). METHODS Primary HPMC were isolated from omental biopsies and TLR expression detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and flow cytometry. The responsiveness of HPMC to specific bacterial TLR agonists was determined using chemokine production as a biological readout. The requirement for CD14 in HPMC responses to a clinically relevant Staphylococcus epidermidis cell-free supernatant (SES) was investigated using soluble CD14 or anti-CD14-blocking antibodies. RESULTS Real-time PCR detected TLR1-6 messenger RNA expression in HPMC and responses to TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 ligands and SES. No cell surface TLR4 expression or responses to lipopolysaccharide were detectable in HPMC, but they did respond to flagellin, a TLR5 ligand. SES-mediated responses were dependent on TLR2 but did not require CD14 in HPMC for optimal efficiency, unlike peripheral blood mononuclear cells. HPMC expression of TLR2 was also modulated by TLR2 ligands and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that mesothelial cell activation by TLR2/1, TLR2/6 and TLR5 contributes to bacterial recognition influencing the course of the infective process and has implications for improving treatment of infection in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal S Colmont
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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9
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Synthetic double-stranded RNA stimulates the expression of interferon-inducible protein 10 in human mesothelial cells. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 18:176-9. [PMID: 21106778 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00007-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a chemokine playing an important role in the restriction of viral spread. A time- and dose-dependent increase in IP-10 is found upon activation of viral receptors expressed on mesothelial cells, which provides novel evidence for a link between viral infections and inflammation of serous membranes.
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10
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Farina G, York M, Collins C, Lafyatis R. dsRNA activation of endothelin-1 and markers of vascular activation in endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 70:544-50. [PMID: 21068089 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.132464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), the relationship between innate immune activation, represented by increased expression of interferon (IFN)-regulated genes, and vascular injury/activation, manifest by increased endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential roles of innate immune ligands in both these pathogenic pathways. METHODS The effect of known Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands was tested in vitro on dermal microvascular and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, and on dermal fibroblasts cultured from healthy controls and patients with SSc. To test the effect of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) on vascular activation/injury in vivo, polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) was administered continuously over 7 days by subcutaneous osmotic pump. RESULTS dsRNA/poly(I:C), but not other TLR ligands, highly stimulated ET-1 protein and mRNA (EDN1), as well as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and IFN-regulated MX2, by endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. Poly(I:C) induced EDN1, ECE1, and ICAM-1 mRNA expression in poly(I:C) treated skin. Poly(I:C)-induced EDN1, ECE1 and MX2 was not blocked in mice with the type I IFN receptor deleted. However, poly(I:C)-induced EDN1 and ECE1, but not poly(I:C)-induced ICAM-1 expression was blocked in mice with the TLR3 signalling protein TRIF/TICAM-1 deleted. CONCLUSION Together these data show that the dsRNA can regulate genes associated with vascular activation, as seen in SSc, that type I IFNs do not mediate these effects, and that EDN1 and ECE1 but not ICAM-1 activation is mediated by TLR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Farina
- Boston University School of Medicine, Arthritis Center, E5, 72 E Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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11
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Slater L, Bartlett NW, Haas JJ, Zhu J, Message SD, Walton RP, Sykes A, Dahdaleh S, Clarke DL, Belvisi MG, Kon OM, Fujita T, Jeffery PK, Johnston SL, Edwards MR. Co-ordinated role of TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5 in the innate response to rhinovirus in bronchial epithelium. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001178. [PMID: 21079690 PMCID: PMC2973831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative roles of the endosomal TLR3/7/8 versus the intracellular RNA helicases RIG-I and MDA5 in viral infection is much debated. We investigated the roles of each pattern recognition receptor in rhinovirus infection using primary bronchial epithelial cells. TLR3 was constitutively expressed; however, RIG-I and MDA5 were inducible by 8-12 h following rhinovirus infection. Bronchial epithelial tissue from normal volunteers challenged with rhinovirus in vivo exhibited low levels of RIG-I and MDA5 that were increased at day 4 post infection. Inhibition of TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5 by siRNA reduced innate cytokine mRNA, and increased rhinovirus replication. Inhibition of TLR3 and TRIF using siRNA reduced rhinovirus induced RNA helicases. Furthermore, IFNAR1 deficient mice exhibited RIG-I and MDA5 induction early during RV1B infection in an interferon independent manner. Hence anti-viral defense within bronchial epithelium requires co-ordinated recognition of rhinovirus infection, initially via TLR3/TRIF and later via inducible RNA helicases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Bronchi/immunology
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Bronchi/virology
- Cells, Cultured
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism
- Epithelium/immunology
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Epithelium/virology
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Picornaviridae Infections/immunology
- Picornaviridae Infections/metabolism
- Picornaviridae Infections/virology
- RNA, Double-Stranded
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rhinovirus/pathogenicity
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Slater
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan W. Bartlett
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J. Haas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhu
- Lung Pathology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D. Message
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross P. Walton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annemarie Sykes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samer Dahdaleh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah L. Clarke
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria G. Belvisi
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Onn M. Kon
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Institute of Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter K. Jeffery
- Lung Pathology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L. Johnston
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Edwards
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
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Wörnle M, Sauter M, Kastenmüller K, Ribeiro A, Mussack T, Ladurner R, Sitter T. Role of toll-like receptor 3, RIG-I, and MDA5 in the expression of mesothelial IL-8 induced by viral RNA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 160:1179-87. [PMID: 19472082 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine that has been shown to be a potent chemoattractant for polymorphonuclear neutrophils from the vascular compartment into the pleural space during infectious pleural effusions. Mesothelial cells express the viral receptors Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), RIG-I, and MDA5. Activation of these receptors by viral RNA exemplified by poly (I:C) RNA leads to a time- and dose-dependent increase of mesothelial IL-8 synthesis. To show the specific effect of viral receptors, knockdown experiments with short interfering RNA specific for TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5 were performed. This novel finding of functional expression of these viral sensors on human mesothelial cells may indicate a novel link between viral infections and mesothelial inflammation and indicates a pathophysiologic role of viral receptors in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wörnle
- Medical Policlinic, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pettenkoferstrasse 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Hägele H, Allam R, Pawar RD, Anders HJ. Double-stranded RNA activates type I interferon secretion in glomerular endothelial cells via retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-1. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:3312-8. [PMID: 19608629 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular pathomechanisms by which viral infections trigger glomerulonephritis remain elusive. In the glomerulus, glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) first interact with circulating viral particles; hence, we hypothesized that viral RNA, a known inducer of type I interferons and cytokines in dendritic cells, would also elicit proinflammatory antiviral reponses in GEnC. METHODS Cultured murine GEnC were stimulated with poly I:C RNA and phenotype changes were assessed. Specific antagonists or s.i.RNA were used to determine the mechanisms of RNA uptake and the functional role of putative RNA receptors. RESULTS Poly I:C RNA activated GEnC to produce IL-6, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. This was independent of endosomal acidification or MyD88 but required complex formation with cationic lipids to be taken up into GEnC via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. RIG-1- but not MDA5-specific s.i.RNA prevented GEnC activation. Type I interferon production did not activate GEnC in an autocrine-paracrine manner. Complexed RNA also activated GEnC to express ICAM-1 and increased the albumin permeability of GEnC monolayers. CONCLUSIONS Complexed dsRNA enters GEnC via clathrin endocytosis and activates GEnC via RIG-1 in the cytosol to produce inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and type I interferons. Furthermore, RNA induces ICAM-1 expression and increases GEnC permeability. All of these mechanisms may contribute to the onset or aggravation of glomerulonephritis associated with RNA virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Hägele
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Policlinic, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Huang J, Zhao S, Zhu M, Wu Z, Yu M. Sequence and expression analyses of porcine ISG15 and ISG43 genes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 153:301-9. [PMID: 19327407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The coding sequences of porcine interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and the interferon-stimulated gene (ISG43) were cloned from swine spleen mRNA. The amino acid sequences deduced from porcine ISG15 and ISG43 genes coding sequence shared 24-75% and 29-83% similarity with ISG15s and ISG43s from other vertebrates, respectively. Structural analyses revealed that porcine ISG15 comprises two ubiquitin homologues motifs (UBQ) domain and a conserved C-terminal LRLRGG conjugating motif. Porcine ISG43 contains an ubiquitin-processing proteases-like domain. Phylogenetic analyses showed that porcine ISG15 and ISG43 were mostly related to rat ISG15 and cattle ISG43, respectively. Using quantitative real-time PCR assay, significant increased expression levels of porcine ISG15 and ISG43 genes were detected in porcine kidney endothelial cells (PK15) cells treated with poly I:C. We also observed the enhanced mRNA expression of three members of dsRNA pattern-recognition receptors (PRR), TLR3, DDX58 and IFIH1, which have been reported to act as critical receptors in inducing the mRNA expression of ISG15 and ISG43 genes. However, we did not detect any induced mRNA expression of IFNalpha and IFNbeta, suggesting that transcriptional activations of ISG15 and ISG43 were mediated through IFN-independent signaling pathway in the poly I:C treated PK15 cells. Association analyses in a Landrace pig population revealed that ISG15 c.347T>C (BstUI) polymorphism and the ISG43 c.953T>G (BccI) polymorphism were significantly associated with hematological parameters and immune-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Huang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
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