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Kuźmińska J, Sobczak A, Majchrzak-Celińska A, Żółnowska I, Gostyńska A, Jadach B, Krajka-Kuźniak V, Jelińska A, Stawny M. Etoricoxib-Cannabidiol Combo: Potential Role in Glioblastoma Treatment and Development of PLGA-Based Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2104. [PMID: 37631318 PMCID: PMC10459258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequently occurring primary malignant central nervous system tumor, with a poor prognosis and median survival below two years. Administration of a combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and natural compounds that exhibit a curative or prophylactic effect in cancer is a new approach to GBM treatment. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic antitumor activity of etoricoxib (ETO) and cannabidiol (CBD) in a GBM cell line model, and to develop poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) for these two substances. METHODS The activity of ETO+CBD was determined using the MTT test, cell-cycle distribution assay, and apoptosis analysis using two GBM cell lines, namely, T98G and U-138 MG. The PLGA-based NPs were developed using the emulsification and solvent evaporation method. Their physicochemical properties, such as shape, size, entrapment efficiency (EE%), in vitro drug release, and quality attributes, were determined using scanning electron microscopy, diffraction light scattering, high-performance liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. RESULTS The combination of ETO and CBD reduced the viability of cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in both tested GBM cell lines. The developed method allowed for the preparation of ETO+CBD-NPs with a spherical shape, mean particle size (MPS) below 400 nm, zeta potential (ZP) values from -11 to -17.4 mV, polydispersity index (PDI) values in the range from 0.029 to 0.256, and sufficient EE% of both drugs (78.43% for CBD, 10.94% for ETO). CONCLUSIONS The combination of ETO and CBD is a promising adjuvant therapeutic in the treatment of GBM, and the prepared ETO+CBD-NPs exhibit a high potential for further pharmaceutical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kuźmińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sobczak
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Żółnowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gostyńska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Jelińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Stawny
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
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2
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Wang R. Etoricoxib may inhibit cytokine storm to treat COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2021; 150:110557. [PMID: 33730601 PMCID: PMC7935670 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented disaster. The emergence of COVID-19-mediated cytokine storm is one of the most important contributors to the development of acute and severe illness in patients. At present, there is an urgent need for drugs that can inhibit cytokine storm to treat COVID-19. In the absence of specific drugs and vaccines, it is important to screen existing drugs as potential treatments. This article introduces a potential repositioning of the existing drug etoricoxib, which may inhibit cytokine storm to treat COVID-19 through reducing the activity of Cyclooxygenase-2 in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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3
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Imatinib modulates pro-inflammatory microenvironment with angiostatic effects in experimental lung carcinogenesis. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:231-252. [PMID: 31676982 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has second highest rate of incidence and mortality around the world. Smoking cigarettes is the main stream cause of lung carcinogenesis along with other factors such as spontaneous mutations, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. The present study was aimed to identify the mechanistic role of Imatinib in the chemoprevention of experimental lung carcinogenesis in rat model. Gross morphological observations for tumor formation, histological examinations, RT-PCR, Western blotting, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking studies were performed to elucidate the chemopreventive effects of Imatinib and support our hypothesis by various experiments. It is evident that immuno-compromised microenvironment inside solid tumors is responsible for tumor progression and drug resistance. Therefore, it is inevitable to modulate the pro-inflammatory signaling inside solid tumors to restrict neoangiogenesis. In the present study, we observed that Imatinib could downregulate the inflammatory signaling and also attributed angiostatic effects. Moreover, Imatinib also altered the biophysical properties of BAL cells such as plasma membrane potential, fluidity and microviscosity to restrict their infiltration and thereby accumulation to mount immuno-compromised environment inside the solid tumors during angiogenesis. Our molecular docking studies suggest that immunomodulatory and angiostatic properties of Imatinib could be either independent of each other or just a case of synergistic pleiotropy. Imatinib was observed to activate the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis to achieve desired effects in cancer cell killings. Interestingly, binding of Imatinib inside the catalytic domain of PARP-1 also suggests that it has caspase-independent properties in promoting cancer cell deaths.
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Kumar K, Ghanghas P, Sanyal SN. Chemopreventive action of Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the regulation of angiogenesis and apoptosis in rat model of lung cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 447:47-61. [PMID: 29453608 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the events of angiogenesis and apoptosis in 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced lung cancer in rat and its chemoprevention with Imatinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Further, it includes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediating inflammation along with DMBA for the promotion of lung carcinogenesis. The animals received a single intratracheal instillation of DMBA (20 mg/kg body weight) in olive oil and LPS (0.6 mg/kg body weight) to induce tumors in 16 weeks. Besides morphology and histology of the lung tissues, RT-PCR, western blots, and immunofluorescence were performed for the expression of apoptotic and angiogenic proteins. Apoptosis was studied by mitochondrial Bcl-2/Bax ratio and staining with the dyes Acridine orange/ethidium bromide of the isolated Broncho epithelial cells. Also, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) was studied by JC-1. The study revealed that the expression of VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, and the chemokine MCP-1 to be very high in DMBA and DMBA + LPS groups, while Bcl-2 also shows an elevated expression. These results were restored with Imatinib treatment. The pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax, Bad, Apaf-1, and Caspase-3 were highly diminished in DMBA and DMBA + LPS groups which were recovered with Imatinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulvinder Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Preety Ghanghas
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - S N Sanyal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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5
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Tanwar M, Khera L, Haokip N, Kaul R, Naorem A, Kateriya S. Modulation of cyclic nucleotide-mediated cellular signaling and gene expression using photoactivated adenylyl cyclase as an optogenetic tool. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12048. [PMID: 28935957 PMCID: PMC5608697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway plays a significant role in various biological processes such as cell growth, transcription, inflammation, in microbial pathogenesis, etc. Modulation of cyclic nucleotide levels by optogenetic tools has overcome certain limitations of studying transduction cascade by pharmacological agents and has allowed several ways to modulate biological processes in a spatiotemporal manner. Here, we have shown the optogenetic modulation of the cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) gene expression and their downstream effector molecule (PGE2) in HEK-293T cells and the development process of Dictyostelium discoideum via modulating the cyclic nucleotide (cAMP) signaling pathway utilizing photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) as an optogenetic tool. Light-induced activation of PACs in HEK-293T cells increases the cAMP level that leads to activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor and further upregulates downstream Cox-2 gene expression and their downstream effector molecule prostaglandin E2. In D. discoideum, the light-regulated increase in cAMP level affects the starvation-induced developmental process. These PACs could modulate the cAMP levels in a light-dependent manner and have a potential to control gene expression and their downstream effector molecules with varying magnitude. It would enable one to utilize PAC as a tool to decipher cyclic nucleotide mediated signaling pathway regulations and their mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Tanwar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Lohit Khera
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Nemneineng Haokip
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajeev Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Aruna Naorem
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India. .,School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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6
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Chen C, Cao M, Wu D, Li N, Peng J, Song L, Qi P, Zhang M, Zhao J. KH-type splicing regulatory protein mediate inflammatory response in gastric epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:871-878. [PMID: 28618119 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To study differential expressions of KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) and inflammatory factors and to explore the relationship between them in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gastric epithelial cells (GES-1), cells were exposed to LPS for 24 h in the presence or absence of SC-514. Western blot and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) were used to analysis the contents of KSRP, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The results showed that LPS decreased the expression of KSRP protein in GES-1 cells, but not KSRP mRNA, while increasing the levels of iNOS and COX-2 proteins and mRNAs in GES-1cells. High expression of KSRP induced low expressions and stabilities of iNOS and COX-2 in GES-1 cells, indicated that KSRP protein presented negative correlation with iNOS and COX-2 with LPS stimulation. In conclusion, the regulation of expression of KSRP was mainly achieved through post-translational modification. KSRP protein participated in regulating the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in their transcription and translation levels. In response to LPS or gram negative pathogenic microorganism, KSRP could regulate Toll-like receptor (TLR)/ Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway in GES-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Mei Cao
- Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Daoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Ningzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jingshan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Liju Song
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
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7
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Gandhi J, Khera L, Gaur N, Paul C, Kaul R. Role of Modulator of Inflammation Cyclooxygenase-2 in Gammaherpesvirus Mediated Tumorigenesis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:538. [PMID: 28400769 PMCID: PMC5368278 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is recognized as a threat factor for cancer progression. Release of inflammatory molecules generates microenvironment which is highly favorable for development of tumor, cancer progression and metastasis. In cases of latent viral infections, generation of such a microenvironment is one of the major predisposing factors related to virus mediated tumorigenesis. Among various inflammatory mediators implicated in pathological process associated with cancer, the cyclooxygenase (COX) and its downstream effector molecules are of greater significance. Though the role of infectious agents in causing inflammation leading to transformation of cells has been more or less well established, however, the mechanism by which inflammation in itself modulates the events in life cycle of infectious agent is not very much clear. This is specifically important for gammaherpesviruses infections where viral life cycle is characterized by prolonged periods of latency when the virus remains hidden, immunologically undetectable and expresses only a very limited set of genes. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms for role of inflammation in virus life cycle and tumorigenesis. This review is an attempt to summarize the latest findings highlighting the significance of COX-2 and its downstream signaling effectors role in life cycle events of gammaherpesviruses leading to progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Gandhi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Lohit Khera
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Nivedita Gaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Catherine Paul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
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8
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Negi AK, Renuka, Bhatnagar A, Agnihotri N. Celecoxib and fish oil: a combination strategy for decreased inflammatory mediators in early stages of experimental mammary cancer. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:11-22. [PMID: 26749133 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been directly linked to cancer progression. Therefore, current study was designed to understand the mechanism of action of chemo-preventive effect of celecoxib and fish oil on inflammatory mediators in experimental mammary carcinoma. Female Wistar rats were distributed into control and DMBA treated groups and further subdivided based on pretreatment with celecoxib and/or fish oil. Inflammation was measured by assessing expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and cytokines. The results indicated an elevation in expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and cytokines' levels (IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10) in DMBA group as compared to controls. On pretreatment with celecoxib and/or fish oil in DMBA treated animals, a significant reduction in expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and cytokines' levels was observed. The decrease was more pronounced with combinatorial regimen than either celecoxib or fish oil alone. To conclude, a combinatorial strategy of celecoxib and fish oil may generate an immune response against the tumor cell by altering cytokine repertoire and decrease the tendency of tumor cells to escape immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Kumari Negi
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Renuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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9
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Sil S, Ghosh T. Role of cox-2 mediated neuroinflammation on the neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments in colchicine induced rat model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 291:115-24. [PMID: 26857505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The neurodegeneration in colchicine induced AD (cAD) rats is linked with neuroinflammation. The inducible cox-2 present in the brain may participate in the neuroinflammatory process related to progressive neurodegeneration in cAD rats. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cox-2 in the neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments in cAD rats. The parameters of memory (working and reference memory), inflammatory markers [IL-1β, TNF-α, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cox-2 level] and histopathology of hippocampus were measured after 21-day of i.c.v. colchicine injection in rats and compared with that of control and sham operated rats. These parameters were also measured in these 3 different groups of rats after p.o. administration of 3 different doses of etoricoxib, a cox 2 inhibitor. The impairments of working and reference memory were associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and increased cox-2 and PGE2 levels in hippocampus in cAD. Administration of etoricoxib in cAD rats resulted in recovery of memory impairments, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in hippocampus and inhibition of cox-2 and PGE2 levels in hippocampus. It appears from the results that activation of cox-2 in cAD is related to neuroinflammation involved in neurodegeneration. Colchicine induced initial neurodegeneration may trigger cascade of events for a progressive neurodegeneration where cox-2 activation plays a critical role. Moreover, this cox-2 mediated neurodegeneration is related to impairments of memory parameters. Thus, the present study showed that the impairments of memory and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of cAD in 21-day study are mediated by cox-2 induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sil
- Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tusharkanti Ghosh
- Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, West Bengal, India.
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10
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Gandhi J, Gaur N, Khera L, Kaul R, Robertson ES. COX-2 induces lytic reactivation of EBV through PGE2 by modulating the EP receptor signaling pathway. Virology 2015; 484:1-14. [PMID: 26057147 PMCID: PMC4567511 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the predisposing factors known to be associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) mediated tumorigenesis. However it is not well understood whether inflammation in itself plays a role in regulating the life cycle of this infectious agent. COX-2, a key mediator of the inflammatory processes is frequently over-expressed in EBV positive cancer cells. In various tumors, PGE2 is the principle COX-2 regulated downstream product which exerts its effects on cellular processes through the EP1-4 receptors. In this study, we further elucidated how upregulated COX-2 levels can modulate the events in EBV life cycle related to latency-lytic reactivation. Our data suggest a role for upregulated COX-2 on modulation of EBV latency through its downstream effector PGE2. This study demonstrates a role for increased COX-2 levels in modulation of EBV latency. This is important for understanding the pathogenesis of EBV-associated cancers in people with chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Gandhi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Nivedita Gaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Lohit Khera
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Tumour Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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11
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Badrey MG, Abdel-Aziz HM, Gomha SM, Abdalla MM, Mayhoub AS. Design and Synthesis of Imidazopyrazolopyridines as Novel Selective COX-2 Inhibitors. Molecules 2015; 20:15287-303. [PMID: 26307959 PMCID: PMC6332013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200815287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is hampered by their gastrointestinal side effects. Non-selective cyclooxygenases inhibitors interfere with both COX-1 and COX-2 isozymes. Since COX-1 mediates cytoprotection of gastric mucosa, its inhibition leads to the undesirable side effects. On the other hand, COX-2 is undetectable in normal tissues and selectively induced by inflammatory stimuli. Therefore, it is strongly believed that the therapeutic benefits derive from inhibition of COX-2 only. The presence of a strong connection between reported COX-2 inhibitors and cardiac toxicity encourages medicinal chemists to explore new scaffolds. In the present study, we introduced imidazopyrazolopyridines as new potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors that lack the standard pharmacophoric binding features to hERG. Starting from our lead compound 5a, structure-based drug-design was conducted and more potent analogues were obtained with high COX-2 selectivity and almost full edema protection, in carrageenan-induced edema assay, in case of compound 5e. Increased bulkiness around imidazopyrazolopyridines by adding a substituted phenyl ring(s) afforded less active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G Badrey
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, El-Fayoum 63551, Egypt.
| | - Hassan M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bani Suef University, Bani Suef 62111, Egypt.
| | - Sobhi M Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | | | - Abdelrahman S Mayhoub
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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12
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Ansil PN, Wills PJ, Varun R, Latha MS. Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Bl. tuber extracts against human colon carcinoma cell line HCT-15. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:524-31. [PMID: 25473360 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide and is the third most common form of malignancy in both men and women. Several possible colon cancer chemopreventive agents are found in edible plants. Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume (family: Araceae) is a tuber crop, largely cultivated throughout the plains of India for using its corm as food. This tuber has also been traditionally used for the treatment of abdominal tumors, liver diseases, piles etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose-dependent cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing effects of the sub fractions of A. campanulatus tuber methanolic extract (ACME) viz. petroleum ether fraction (PEF), chloroform fraction (CHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and methanolic fraction (MEF) on the colon cancer cell line, HCT-15. Antiproliferative effects of the sub fractions of ACME were studied by MTT assay. Apoptotic activity was assessed by DAPI, Annexin V-FITC and JC-1 fluorescent staining. The chemotherapeutic drug, 5-flurouracil (5-FU) was used as positive drug control. The sub fractions of ACME significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT-15 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the extracts were found to induce apoptosis and were confirmed by DAPI, Annexin V-FITC and JC-1 fluorescent staining. A pronounced results of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities were observed in the cells treated with 5-FU and CHF, whereas, EAF and MEF treated cells exhibited a moderate result and the least effect was observed in PEF treated cells. Our results suggested that, among the sub fractions of ACME, CHF had potent cytotoxic and apoptotic activity and thus it could be explored as a novel target for anticancer drug development. Furthermore, these findings confirm that the sub fractions of ACME dose-dependently suppress the proliferation of HCT-15 cells by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Ansil
- Biochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - P J Wills
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007, India
| | - R Varun
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007, India
| | - M S Latha
- Biochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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