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Carraro CC, Turck P, Bahr A, Donatti L, Corssac G, Lacerda D, da Rosa Araujo AS, de Castro AL, Koester L, Belló-Klein A. Effect of free and nanoemulsified β-caryophyllene on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119704. [PMID: 38462075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), right ventricular (RV) failure and premature death. Compounds with vasodilatory characteristics, such as β-caryophyllene, could be promising therapeutics for PAH. This study aimed to determine the effects of free and nanoemulsified β-caryophyllene in lung oxidative stress and heart function in PAH rats. Male Wistar rats (170 g, n = 6/group) were divided into four groups: control (CO), monocrotaline (MCT), monocrotaline + β-caryophyllene (MCT-Bcar) and monocrotaline + nanoemulsion with β-caryophyllene (MCT-Nano). PAH was induced by MCT (60 mg/kg i.p.), and 7 days later, treatment with β-caryophyllene, either free or in a nanoemulsion (by gavage, 176 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was given for 14 days. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements were performed, and after, the RV was collected for morphometry and the lungs for evaluation of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, total sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and endothelin-1 receptor expression. RV hypertrophy, increased PVR and RV systolic and diastolic pressures (RVSP and RVEDP, respectively) and increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) were observed in the MCT group. Treatment with both free and nanoemulsified β-caryophyllene reduced RV hypertrophy, mPAP, RVSP and lipid peroxidation. The reduction in RVSP was more pronounced in the MCT-Nano group. Moreover, RVEDP decreased only in the MCT-Nano group. These treatments also increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and NOS activities and decreased endothelin-1 receptors expression. Both β-caryophyllene formulations improved mPAP, PVR and oxidative stress parameters. However, β-caryophyllene in a nanoemulsion was more effective in attenuating the effects of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Turck
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Alan Bahr
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Donatti
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Giana Corssac
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, UFRGS, Brazil
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Ma L, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang B, Luo Y, Wu Y, Li Z, Niu W. Tom70-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis via TFAM improves hypoxia-induced dysfunction of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and alleviates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2023; 24:310. [PMID: 38093274 PMCID: PMC10717060 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a common type of pulmonary hypertension and characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and constriction. A large number of studies have shown that pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) dysfunction plays an important role in the initiation and development stages of HPH, but the mechanism of PVECs dysfunction after hypoxia remains unclear. In this study, we explored the exact mechanism of PVECs dysfunction after hypoxia. METHODS In vitro, we used primary cultured PVECs hypoxia model to mimic HPH injury. We detected the expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis markers, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) level inside mitochondria, mitochondrial quantity and function, and the components expressions of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) at 24 h after hypoxia. To explore the effects of Tom70 on mitochondrial biogenesis and functions of PVECs after hypoxia, Tom70 overexpression adenovirus was constructed, and the expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis markers, TFAM level inside mitochondria, mitochondrial quantity and function, and the functions of PVECs were detected. And in vivo, we used cre-dependent overexpression adenovirus of Tom70 in the Cdh5-CreERT2 mouse model of HPH to verify the role of upregulating PVECs Tom70 in improving HPH. RESULTS Hypoxia obviously increased the expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis markers for PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM, but reduced the content of TFAM in mitochondria and the quantity and functions of mitochondria. In addition, only Tom70 expression among the TOM components was significantly decreased after hypoxia, and up-regulation of Tom70 significantly increased the content of TFAM in mitochondria of PVECs by transporting TFAM into mitochondria after hypoxia, enhanced the quantity and functions of mitochondria, improved the functions of PVECs, and ultimately alleviated HPH. CONCLUSION The findings of present study demonstrated that hypoxia induced the decreased expression of Tom70 in PVECs, reduced the mitochondrial biogenesis-associated TFAM protein transporting into mitochondria, inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis, caused PVECs injury, and prompted the formation of HPH. However, up-regulation of Tom70 abolished the hypoxia-induced injurious effects on PVECs and alleviated HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Street, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle Western Street, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefang Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle Western Street, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle Western Street, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousheng Wu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle Western Street, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Street, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle Western Street, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Rodríguez-Chiaradía DA, Khilzi K, Blanco I, Rodó-Pin A, Martin-Ontiyuelo C, Herranz Blasco A, Garcia-Lucio J, Molina L, Marco E, Barreiro E, Piccari L, Peinado VI, Garcia AR, Tura-Ceide O, Barberà JA. Effects of Exercise Training on Circulating Biomarkers of Endothelial Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1822. [PMID: 37509463 PMCID: PMC10376643 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In stable patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective, safe and cost-effective non-pharmacological treatment. However, the effects of PR on vascular function have been poorly explored. This study aimed to compare the amounts of circulating progenitor cells (PCs) and endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) in patients with PAH before and after 8 weeks of endurance exercise training as markers of vascular competence. METHODS A prospective study of 10 consecutive patients with PAH that successfully finished a PR program (8 weeks) was carried out before and after this intervention. Levels of circulating PCs defined as CD34+CD45low progenitor cells and levels of EMVs (CD31+ CD42b-) were measured by flow cytometry. The ratio of PCs to EMVs was taken as a measure of the balance between endothelial damage and repair capacity. RESULTS All patients showed training-induced increases in endurance time (mean change 287 s). After PR, the number of PCs (CD34+CD45low/total lymphocytes) was increased (p < 0.05). In contrast, after training, the level of EMVs (CD31+ CD42b-/total EMVs) was reduced. The ratio of PCs to EMVs was significantly higher after training (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study shows, for the first time, that endurance exercise training in patients with stable PAH has a positive effect, promoting potential mechanisms of damage/repair in favor of repair. This effect could contribute to a positive hemodynamic and clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Rodríguez-Chiaradía
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karys Khilzi
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Blanco
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rodó-Pin
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Martin-Ontiyuelo
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Herranz Blasco
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Garcia-Lucio
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Molina
- Cardiology Department, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Marco
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Del Mar-Hospital de L'Esperança, Parc de Salut Mar, Rehabilitation Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucilla Piccari
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor I Peinado
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín R Garcia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Cho J, Johnson BD, Watt KD, Niven AS, Shin J, Kim CH. Alterations in Pulmonary Vasomotor Modulators Post Aerobic Exercise Training in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023:104089. [PMID: 37269888 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of exercise training on major pulmonary vasomotor mediators and receptors including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inducible NOS (iNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), ET-1 receptors A (ETA) and-B (ETB) in high-fat-high-carbohydrate (HFHC) induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD increased iNOS, ET-1 and ETA (p<0.05), but not ETB (p>0.05). Exercise attenuated iNOS, ET-1 and ETA (p<0.05)., but not ETB (p>0.05) and eNOS (p>0.05). Exercise training is beneficial for pulmonary vasculature in NAFLD. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data analyzed in the present study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alexander S Niven
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Junchul Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Leslie E, Gibson AL, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Mermier C, Wilson SM, Deyhle MR. Can Maternal Exercise Prevent High-Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension in Children? High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:1-6. [PMID: 36695730 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leslie, Eric, Ann L. Gibson, Laura V. Gonzalez Bosc, Christine Mermier, Sean M. Wilson, and Michael R. Deyhle. Review: can maternal exercise prevent high-altitude pulmonary hypertension in children? High Alt Med Biol. 24:1-6, 2023.-Chronic high-altitude exposure reduces oxygen delivery to the fetus during pregnancy and causes pathologic pulmonary artery remodeling, This increases the risk of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is a particularly fatal disease that is difficult to treat. Therefore, finding ways to prevent high-altitude PH, including during the neonatal period, is preferable. Cardiorespiratory exercise can improve functional capacity and quality of life in patients with high-altitude PH. However, similar to other treatments and surgical procedures, the benefits are not enough to cure the disease after a diagnosis. Cardiorespiratory exercise by mothers during pregnancy (i.e., maternal exercise) has not been previously evaluated to prevent the development of high-altitude PH in children born and living at high altitude. This focused review describes the pathophysiology of high-altitude PH and the potential benefit of maternal exercise for preventing the disease caused by high-altitude pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Leslie
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ann L Gibson
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Christine Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sean M Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Michael R Deyhle
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Becker CU, Sartório CL, Campos-Carraro C, Siqueira R, Colombo R, Zimmer A, Belló-Klein A. Exercise training decreases oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1330-1338. [PMID: 32449880 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1769679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exercise training on oxidative stress in gastrocnemius of rats with pulmonary hypertension were studied. Four groups were established: sedentary control (SC), sedentary monocrotaline (SM), trained control (TC), trained monocrotaline (TM). Exercise was applied for 4 weeks, 5 days/week, 50-60 min/session, at 60% of VO2 max. Right ventricular (RV) pressures were measured, heart and gastrocnemius were removed for morphometric/biochemical analysis. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), H2O2, GSH/GSSG, and activity/expression of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. Increased RV hypertrophy, systolic and end-diastolic pressures (RVEDP) were observed in SM animals, and the RVEDP was decreased in TM vs. SM. H2O2, SOD-1, and LPO were higher in the SM group than in SC. In TM, H2O2 was further increased when compared to SM, with a rise in antioxidant defences and a decrease in LPO. GSH/GSSG was higher only in the TC group. Exercise induced an efficient antioxidant adaptation, preventing oxidative damage to lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C U Becker
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C L Sartório
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
| | - C Campos-Carraro
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Siqueira
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Colombo
- Pharmacology and Physiology Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - A Zimmer
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Belló-Klein
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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The Difference between Sacubitril Valsartan and Valsartan on Vascular Endothelial Function, APN, MMP-9, and BNP Levels in Patients with Hypertension and Chronic Heart Failure. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9494981. [PMID: 35222898 PMCID: PMC8881145 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9494981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Sacubitril valsartan and valsartan are the first new drugs approved for angiotensin receptor neprilysin lysine inhibitors (ARNIs) in outpatients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and hypertension. Compared with enalapril, sacubitril valsartan and valsartan have been shown to reduce the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is little actual evidence regarding the efficacy of ARNIs in hypertensive patients with CHF. Methods From January 2019 to January 2021, 60 patients with hypertension and chronic heart failure were diagnosed and treated in our hospital. The patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was given valsartan, the observation group was given sacubitril valsartan, and both groups were treated for six months. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDD) function of the brachial artery and serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), carotid artery intima-media thickness, and glomerular filtration, excess rate (eGFR), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment. The serum adiponectin (APN), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were compared before and after treatment. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the research group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the cardiac function indexes LVESD and LVEDD of the two groups of patients were lower than before treatment, and LVEF was higher than before treatment, and the improvement rate of the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum APN of the two groups was higher than before treatment, the levels of MMP-9 and BNP were lower than before treatment, and the improvement rate of patients in the treatment group was better than that of patients in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant in the levels of EDD, NO, and ET-1 of the two groups of patients before treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the EDD function and NO level of the research group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the level of ET-1 was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in carotid artery intima-media thickness, glomerular filtration rate, and left ventricular ejection fraction before and after treatment in the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure, sacubitril valsartan can improve the clinical symptoms of patients to the greatest extent and can significantly improve the levels of LVEF, LVEDD, NT-proBNP, heart function, and other indicators. Sacubitril valsartan can increase serum APN levels, reduce MMP-9 and BNP levels, and have good clinical effects. Sacubitril valsartan has a protective effect on the vascular endothelial function of patients with hypertension and CHF. However, these results need to be confirmed in studies involving more subjects and require longer follow-up times.
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Mariano TB, de Souza Castilho AC, de Almeida Sabela AKD, de Oliveira AC, Cury SS, Aguiar AF, Dias RDJD, Cicogna AC, Okoshi K, Junior LAJ, Carvalho RF, Pacagnelli FL. Preventive training does not interfere with mRNA-encoding myosin and collagen expression during pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244768. [PMID: 34495964 PMCID: PMC8425576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight on the impact of preventive exercise during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), we evaluated the gene expression of myosins and gene-encoding proteins associated with the extracellular matrix remodeling of right hypertrophied ventricles. We used 32 male Wistar rats, separated in four groups: Sedentary Control (S, n = 8); Control with Training (T, n = 8); Sedentary with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (SPAH, n = 8); and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension with Training (TPAH, n = 8). All rats underwent a two-week adaptation period; T and TPAH group rats then proceeded to an eight-week training period on a treadmill. At the beginning of the 11th week, S and T groups received an intraperitoneal injection of saline, and SPAH and TPAH groups received an injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg). Rats in the T and TPAH groups then continued with the training protocol until the 13th week. We assessed exercise capacity, echocardiography analysis, Fulton's index, cross-sectional areas of cardiomyocytes, collagen content and types, and fractal dimension (FD). Transcript abundance of myosins and extracellular matrix genes were estimated through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). When compared to the SPAH group, the TPAH group showed increases in functional capacity and pulmonary artery acceleration time/pulmonary ejection time ratio and decreases in Fulton's index and cross-sectional areas of myocyte cells. However, preventive exercise did not induce alterations in col1a1 and myh7 gene expression. Our findings demonstrate that preventive exercise improved functional capacity, reduced cardiac hypertrophy, and attenuated PH development without interfering in mRNA-encoding myosin and collagen expression during PAH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Rats, Wistar
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Rats
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Collagen/metabolism
- Collagen/genetics
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/genetics
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Myosins/metabolism
- Myosins/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Monocrotaline
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaoan Bruno Mariano
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Casanova de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreo Fernando Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Exercise in Health Promotion, Northern University of Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raisa de Jesus Dutra Dias
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zimmer A, Teixeira RB, Constantin RL, Campos-Carraro C, Aparicio Cordero EA, Ortiz VD, Donatti L, Gonzalez E, Bahr AC, Visioli F, Baldo G, Luz de Castro A, Araujo AS, Belló-Klein A. The progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by monocrotaline is characterized by lung nitrosative and oxidative stress, and impaired pulmonary artery reactivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173699. [PMID: 33160936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The time-course of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the monocrotaline (MCT) model was investigated. Male rats were divided into two groups: MCT (received a 60 mg/kg i.p. injection) and control (received saline). The MCT and control groups were further divided into three cohorts, based on the follow-up interval: 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Right ventricle (RV) catheterization was performed and RV hypertrophy (RVH) was estimated. The lungs were used for biochemical, histological, molecular, and immunohistochemical analysis, while pulmonary artery rings were used for vascular reactivity. MCT promoted lung perivascular edema, inflammatory cells exudation, greater neutrophils and lymphocytes profile, and arteriolar wall thickness, compared to CTR group. Increases in pulmonary artery pressure and in RVH were observed in the MCT 2- and 3-week groups. The first week was marked by the presence of nitrosative stress (50% moderate and 33% accentuated staining by nitrotyrosine). These alterations lead to an adaptation of NO production by NO synthase activity after 2 weeks. Oxidative stress was evident in the third week, probably by an imbalance between endothelin-1 receptors, resulting in extracellular matrix remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and RVH. Also, it was found a reduced pulmonary arterial vasodilatory response to acetylcholine after 2 (55%) and 3 (45%) weeks in MCT groups. The relevance of this study is precisely to show that nitrosative and oxidative stress predominate in distinct time windows of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandra Zimmer
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rayane Brinck Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rosalia Lempk Constantin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Campos-Carraro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Vanessa Duarte Ortiz
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Donatti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Esteban Gonzalez
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Alan Christhian Bahr
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Luz de Castro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alex Sander Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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10
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Silva FDJ, Drummond FR, Fidelis MR, Freitas MO, Leal TF, de Rezende LMT, de Moura AG, Carlo Reis EC, Natali AJ. Continuous Aerobic Exercise Prevents Detrimental Remodeling and Right Heart Myocyte Contraction and Calcium Cycling Dysfunction in Pulmonary Artery Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:69-78. [PMID: 33060546 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) imposes right heart and lung detrimental remodeling which impairs cardiac contractility, physical effort tolerance, and survival. The effects of an early moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise training on the right ventricle and lung structure, and on contractility and the calcium (Ca2+) transient in isolated myocytes from rats with severe PAH induced by monocrotaline were analyzed. Rats were divided into control sedentary (CS), control exercise (CE), monocrotaline sedentary (MS), and monocrotaline exercise (ME) groups. Animals from control exercise and ME groups underwent a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill (60 min/d; 60% intensity) for 32 days, after a monocrotaline (60 mg/kg body weight i.p.) or saline injection. The pulmonary artery resistance was higher in MS than in control sedentary (1.36-fold) and was reduced by 39.39% in ME compared with MS. Compared with MS, the ME group presented reduced alveolus (17%) and blood vessel (46%) wall, fibrosis (25.37%) and type I collagen content (55.78%), and increased alveolus (52.96%) and blood vessel (146.97%) lumen. In the right ventricle, the ME group exhibited diminished hypertrophy index (25.53%) and type I collagen content (40.42%) and improved myocyte contraction [ie, reduced times to peak (29.27%) and to 50% relax (13.79%)] and intracellular Ca2+ transient [ie, decreased times to peak (16.06%) and to 50% decay (7.41%)] compared with MS. Thus, early moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise prevents detrimental remodeling in the right heart and lung increases in the pulmonary artery resistance and dysfunction in single myocyte contraction and Ca2+ cycling in this model.
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MESH Headings
- Airway Remodeling
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure
- Calcium Signaling
- Disease Models, Animal
- Exercise Therapy
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/therapy
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats, Wistar
- Vascular Resistance
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Right
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipe Rios Drummond
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; and
| | | | | | - Tiago Ferreira Leal
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Antônio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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11
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Zhang X, Xu D. Effects of exercise rehabilitation training on patients with pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020937129. [PMID: 32685130 PMCID: PMC7343373 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020937129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a group of pathophysiological syndromes characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which lead to right ventricular overload, and even right heart failure. PH has a poor prognosis and severely leads to a decline in quality of life. Historically, patients with PH were advised to limit their physical activity. However, an increasing number of studies have reported the safety and efficacy of exercise rehabilitation training in PH. This review briefly examined and summarized the effects of exercise rehabilitation training on PH patients reported in the recent literature. The findings of the reviewed studies indicate that exercise rehabilitation training in PH patients has beneficial effects in terms of exercise capacity and quality of life, vascular and right ventricle remodelling, inflammatory response, muscular function and oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanisms and appropriate exercise strategies (e.g. the duration and intensity of exercise) still need to be explored. In conclusion, exercise rehabilitation training of the appropriate intensity and frequency can improve the prognosis and quality of life of PH patients. The training should be monitored by professional staff and be provided as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment. Larger clinical trials are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of exercise rehabilitation training in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Lei S, Peng F, Li ML, Duan WB, Peng CQ, Wu SJ. LncRNA-SMILR modulates RhoA/ROCK signaling by targeting miR-141 to regulate vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H377-H391. [PMID: 32559140 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00717.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal progressive disease characterized by an increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. RhoA/Rho-kinase (RhoA/ROCK) signaling activation is often associated with PAH. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and mechanisms of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) smooth muscle-induced lncRNA (SMILR) to activate the RhoA/ROCK pathway in PAH. SMILR, microRNA-141 (miR-141), and RhoA were identified by qRT-PCR in PAH patients' serum. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound-healing assay, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and flow cytometry were performed to determine cell viability, migration, proliferation, and cell cycle in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) and primary PASMCs from PAH patients. We also performed bioinformatical prediction, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) to assess the interaction among SMILR, miR-141, and RhoA. The RhoA/ROCK pathway and proliferation-related proteins were measured by Western blotting. Finally, we introduced the small hairpin (sh)SMILR to monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model and used the hemodynamic measurement, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry to examine the therapeutic effects of shSMILR. SMILR and RhoA expression were upregulated, while miR-141 expression was downregulated in PAH patients. SMILR directly interacted with miR-141 and negatively regulated its expression. Knockdown of SMILR suppressed PASMC proliferation and migration induced by hypoxia. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-141 could inhibit the RhoA/ROCK pathway by binding to RhoA, thereby repressing cell proliferation-related signals. Knockdown of SMILR significantly inhibited the Rho/ROCK activation and vascular remodeling in monocrotaline-induced rats. Knockdown of SMILR effectively elevated miR-141 expression and in turn inhibited the RhoA/ROCK pathway to regulate vascular remodeling and reduce blood pressure in PAH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Smooth muscle enriched long noncoding RNA (SMILR), as a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), was increased in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients and in vitro and in vivo models. SMILR activated RhoA/ROCK signaling by targeting miR-141 to disinhibit its downstream target RhoA. SMILR knockdown or miR-141 overexpression inhibited hypoxia-induced cell proliferation and migration via repressing RhoA/ROCK signaling in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which was confirmed in vivo experiments that knockdown of SMILR inhibited vascular remodeling and alleviated PAH in rats. SMILR may be a promising and novel therapeutic target for the treatment and drug development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; Hunan Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; Hunan Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei-Lei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; Hunan Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Bing Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; Hunan Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cai-Qin Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; Hunan Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shang-Jie Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; Hunan Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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13
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Waller L, Krüger K, Conrad K, Weiss A, Alack K. Effects of Different Types of Exercise Training on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061689. [PMID: 32498263 PMCID: PMC7356848 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represents a chronic progressive disease characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries leading to right heart failure. The disease has been a focus of medical research for many years due to its worse prognosis and limited treatment options. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the effects of different types of exercise interventions on PAH. Electronic databases were searched until July 2019. MEDLINE database was used as the predominant source for this paper. Studies with regards to chronic physical activity in adult PAH patients are compared on retrieving evidence on cellular, physiological, and psychological alterations in the PAH setting. Twenty human studies and 12 rat trials were identified. Amongst all studies, a total of 628 human subjects and 614 rats were examined. Regular physical activity affects the production of nitric oxygen and attenuates right ventricular hypertrophy. A combination of aerobic, anaerobic, and respiratory muscle training induces the strongest improvement in functional capacity indicated by an increase of 6 MWD and VO2peak. In human studies, an increase of quality of life was found. Exercise training has an overall positive effect on the physiological and psychological components of PAH. Consequently, PAH patients should be encouraged to take part in regular exercise training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Waller
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (K.C.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-99-25212
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (K.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Kerstin Conrad
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (K.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Katharina Alack
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (K.C.); (K.A.)
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14
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Boengler K, Schlüter KD, Schermuly RT, Schulz R. Cardioprotection in right heart failure. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5413-5431. [PMID: 31995639 PMCID: PMC7680005 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic and pharmacological conditioning of the left ventricle is mediated by the activation of signalling cascades, which finally converge at the mitochondria and reduce ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Whereas the molecular mechanisms of conditioning in the left ventricle are well characterized, cardioprotection of the right ventricle is principally feasible but less established. Similar to what is known for the left ventricle, a dysregulation in signalling pathways seems to play a role in I/R injury of the healthy and failing right ventricle and in the ability/inability of the right ventricle to respond to a conditioning stimulus. The maintenance of mitochondrial function seems to be crucial in both ventricles to reduce I/R injury. As far as currently known, similar molecular mechanisms mediate ischaemic and pharmacological preconditioning in the left and right ventricles. However, the two ventricles seem to respond differently towards exercise‐induced preconditioning. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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15
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Zimmer A, Teixeira RB, Bonetto JHP, Bahr AC, Türck P, de Castro AL, Campos-Carraro C, Visioli F, Fernandes-Piedras TR, Casali KR, Scassola CMC, Baldo G, Araujo AS, Singal P, Belló-Klein A. Role of inflammation, oxidative stress, and autonomic nervous system activation during the development of right and left cardiac remodeling in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:93-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Mikhael M, Makar C, Wissa A, Le T, Eghbali M, Umar S. Oxidative Stress and Its Implications in the Right Ventricular Remodeling Secondary to Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1233. [PMID: 31607955 PMCID: PMC6769067 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressures. Long standing pulmonary arterial pressure overload leads to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV failure, and death. RV failure is a major determinant of survival in PH. Oxidative stress has been associated with the development of RV failure secondary to PH. Here we summarize the structural and functional changes in the RV in response to sustained pulmonary arterial pressure overload. Furthermore, we review the pre-clinical and clinical studies highlighting the association of oxidative stress with pulmonary vasculature and RV remodeling in chronic PH. Targeting oxidative stress promises to be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mikhael
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christian Makar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amir Wissa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Trixie Le
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Soban Umar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Türck P, Fraga S, Salvador I, Campos-Carraro C, Lacerda D, Bahr A, Ortiz V, Hickmann A, Koetz M, Belló-Klein A, Henriques A, Agostini F, da Rosa Araujo AS. Blueberry extract decreases oxidative stress and improves functional parameters in lungs from rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nutrition 2019; 70:110579. [PMID: 31743815 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a condition characterized by an increased resistance of pulmonary vasculature, culminating in an increase in pulmonary pressure. This process involves disturbances in lung redox homeostasis, causing progressive right heart failure. In this context, the use of natural antioxidants, such as those found in blueberries, may represent a therapeutic approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blueberry extract (BB) on functional parameters and oxidative stress levels in rat lungs with induced PAH. METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats (weighing 200 ± 20 g) were randomized into five groups: control, monocrotaline, monocrotaline + BB 50, monocrotaline + BB 100, and monocrotaline + BB 200. PAH was induced by the administration of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Rats were treated with BB at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg via gavage for 5 wk (2 wk before monocrotaline and 3 wk after monocrotaline injection). At day 35, rats were submitted to echocardiography and catheterization. They were then sacrificed and lungs were harvested for biochemical analyses. RESULTS BB increased the E/A ratio of blood flow across the tricuspid valve and tricuspid annular phase systolic excursion, as wells as decreased the mean pulmonary artery pressure of animals compared with the PAH group. Moreover, BB decreased total reactive species concentration and lipid oxidation, reduced activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and expression of xanthine oxidase, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and restored sulfhydryl content in the animal lungs compared with those in the PAH group. Additionally, BB restored expression of the antioxidant transcriptional factor Nrf2 in the lungs of the animal subjects. Finally, BB normalized the endothelin receptor (ETA/ETB) expression ratio in the animal lungs, which were increased in the PAH group. CONCLUSION Intervention with BB mitigated functional PAH outcomes through improvement of the pulmonary redox state. Our results provide a basis for future research on natural antioxidant interventions as a novel treatment strategy in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Türck
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Schauana Fraga
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isadora Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Campos-Carraro
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise Lacerda
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alan Bahr
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ortiz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hickmann
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Koetz
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amélia Henriques
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Agostini
- Postgraduate Program at Biosciences and Rehabilitation, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander da Rosa Araujo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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18
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Copaiba Oil Attenuates Right Ventricular Remodeling by Decreasing Myocardial Apoptotic Signaling in Monocrotaline-Induced Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 72:214-221. [PMID: 30212415 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling during the transition from hypertrophy to right ventricular (RV) failure caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT). In this study, it was evaluated the action of copaiba oil on the modulation of proteins involved in RV apoptosis signaling in rats with PAH. Male Wistar rats (±170 g, n = 7/group) were divided into 4 groups: control, MCT, copaiba oil, and MCT + copaiba oil. PAH was induced by MCT (60 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and, 7 days later, treatment with copaiba oil (400 mg/kg by gavage) was given for 14 days. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements were performed, and the RV was collected for morphometric evaluations, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell survival signaling, and eNOS protein expression. Copaiba oil reduced RV hypertrophy (24%), improved RV systolic function, and reduced RV end-diastolic pressure, increased total sulfhydryl levels and eNOS protein expression, reduced lipid and protein oxidation, and the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis signaling in the RV of MCT + copaiba oil as compared to MCT group. In conclusion, copaiba oil reduced oxidative stress, and apoptosis signaling in RV of rats with PAH, which may be associated with an improvement in cardiac function caused by this compound.
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19
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Su Y, Wang J, Quan M. Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise training on pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:1584-1592. [PMID: 30421875 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.09204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent animal and clinical studies report that exercise training exerts positive influences in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. To give insight into the molecular mechanisms of the improvement effects, we performed gene expression analysis. METHODS Three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were analyzed, including peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) gene expression profiles of exercise training in men and patients with PAH. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each dataset were identified, and then, the common DEGs positively regulated by PAH and negatively regulated by exercise training, or the opposite, were further identified. Subsequently, biological processes and pathways were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 7229 DEGs with logFC>0.3 and P<0.05 were identified in exercise, whereas 749 and 2207 DEGs were identified in PAH from the two datasets. After overlapping the whole DEGs from all three datasets, total 16 common DEGs were identified, including BCLAF1, SATB1 and ZFP36L2. Seven of them were up-regulated in exercise training and down-regulated in PAH, and the others were opposite. In addition, these common DEGs were mainly enriched in negative regulation of cellular process, negative regulation of biological process and negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. CONCLUSIONS Some genes have been implicated in the improvement of pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH. These findings could not only improve the knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise training on PAH, but also provide clues for further clinical and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcun Su
- School of Sports and Health School of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Sports Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Quan
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China -
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Yang JM, Zhou R, Zhang M, Tan HR, Yu JQ. Betaine Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats via Inhibiting Inflammatory Response. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061274. [PMID: 29861433 PMCID: PMC6100216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to right ventricular failure and death. Recent studies have suggested that chronic inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. Several studies have demonstrated that betaine possesses outstanding anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether betaine exerts protective effects on PAH by inhibiting inflammatory responses in the lungs needs to be explored. To test our hypothesis, we aimed to investigate the effects of betaine on monocrotaline-induced PAH in rats and attempted to further clarify the possible mechanisms. Methods: PAH was induced by monocrotaline (50 mg/kg) and oral administration of betaine (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular systolic pressure, and right ventricle hypertrophy index were used to evaluate the development of PAH. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining were performed to measure the extents of vascular remodeling and proliferation in fibrous tissue. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were also detected by immunohistochemical staining. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were assessed by Western blot. Results: This study showed that betaine improved the abnormalities in right ventricular systolic pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricle hypertrophy index, and pulmonary arterial remodeling induced by monocrotaline compared with the PAH group. The levels of MCP-1 and ET-1 also decreased. Western blot indicated that the protein expression levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that betaine attenuated PAH through its anti-inflammatory effects. Hence, the present data may offer novel targets and promising pharmacological perspectives for treating monocrotaline-induced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Huan-Ran Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Mechanisms underlying the impact of exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Med 2018; 134:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Exercise Training in Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure: Insights from Pre-clinical Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:307-324. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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