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Ma D, Zhang M, Feng J. Gut Microbiota Alleviates Intestinal Injury Induced by Extended Exposure to Light via Inhibiting the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Broiler Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6695. [PMID: 38928401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Light pollution is a potential risk for intestinal health in humans and animals. The gut microbiota is associated with the development of intestinal inflammation induced by extended exposure to light, but the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. The results of this study showed that extended exposure to light (18L:6D) damaged intestinal morphology, downregulated the expression of tight junction proteins, and upregulated the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, extended exposure to light significantly decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Butyricicoccus, and Sellimonas and increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium, unclassified Oscillospirales, Family_XIII_UCG-001, norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, and Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-01. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that gut microbiota dysbiosis positively correlated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The above results indicated that extended exposure to light induced intestinal injury by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Antibiotic depletion intestinal microbiota treatment and cecal microbiota transplantation (CMT) from the 12L:12D group to 18L:6D group indicated that the gut microbiota alleviated intestinal inflammatory injury induced by extended exposure to light via inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, our findings indicated that the gut microbiota can alleviate intestinal inflammation induced by extended exposure to light via inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinghai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Zhang Z, Li W, Han X, Tian D, Yan W, Liu M, Cao L. Circadian rhythm disruption-mediated downregulation of Bmal1 exacerbates DSS-induced colitis by impairing intestinal barrier. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1402395. [PMID: 38895112 PMCID: PMC11183104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is thought to increase the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. The deletion of Bmal1, a core transcription factor, leads to a complete loss of the circadian rhythm and exacerbates the severity of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms by which CRD and Bmal1 mediate IBD are still unclear. Methods We used a CRD mouse model, a mouse colitis model, and an in vitro model of colonic epithelial cell monolayers. We also knocked down and overexpressed Bmal1 in Caco-2 cells by transfecting lentivirus in vitro. The collected colon tissue and treated cells were assessed and analyzed using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling staining. Results We found that CRD mice with downregulated Bmal1 expression were more sensitive to DSS-induced colitis and had more severely impaired intestinal barrier function than wild-type mice. Bmal1-/- mice exhibited more severe colitis, accompanied by decreased tight junction protein levels and increased apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells compared with wild-type mice, which were alleviated by using the autophagy agonist rapamycin. Bmal1 overexpression attenuated Lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and impaired intestinal epithelial cells barrier function in vitro, while inhibition of autophagy reversed this protective effect. Conclusion This study suggests that CRD leads to the downregulation of Bmal1 expression in the colon, which may exacerbate DSS-induced colitis in mice, and that Bmal1 may serve as a novel target for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Cohen-Mekelburg S, Goldstein CA, Rizvydeen M, Fayyaz Z, Patel PJ, Berinstein JA, Bishu S, Cushing-Damm KC, Kim HM, Burgess HJ. Morning light treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:179. [PMID: 38778264 PMCID: PMC11110384 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects over 3 million Americans and has a relapsing and remitting course with up to 30% of patients experiencing exacerbations each year despite the availability of immune targeted therapies. An urgent need exists to develop adjunctive treatment approaches to better manage IBD symptoms and disease activity. Circadian disruption is associated with increased disease activity and may be an important modifiable treatment target for IBD. Morning light treatment, which advances and stabilizes circadian timing, may have the potential to improve IBD symptoms and disease activity, but no studies have explored these potential therapeutic benefits in IBD. Therefore, in this study, we aim to test the effectiveness of morning light treatment for patients with IBD. METHODS We will recruit sixty-eight individuals with biopsy-proven IBD and clinical symptoms and randomize them to 4-weeks of morning light treatment or 4-weeks of treatment as usual (TAU), with equivalent study contact. Patient-reported outcomes (IBD-related quality of life, mood, sleep), clinician-rated disease severity, and a biomarker of gastrointestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin) will be assessed before and after treatment. Our primary objective will be to test the effect of morning light treatment versus TAU on IBD-related quality of life and our secondary objectives will be to test the effects on clinician-rated disease activity, depression, and sleep quality. We will also explore the effect of morning light treatment versus TAU on a biomarker of gastrointestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin), and the potential moderating effects of steroid use, restless leg syndrome, and biological sex. DISCUSSION Morning light treatment may be an acceptable, feasible, and effective adjunctive treatment for individuals with active IBD suffering from impaired health-related quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT06094608 on October 23, 2023, before recruitment began on February 1, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Muneer Rizvydeen
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zainab Fayyaz
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Priya J Patel
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Berinstein
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kelly C Cushing-Damm
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- Consulting for Statistics, Computing and Analytics Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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4
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Gheorghe CE, Leigh SJ, Tofani GSS, Bastiaanssen TFS, Lyte JM, Gardellin E, Govindan A, Strain C, Martinez-Herrero S, Goodson MS, Kelley-Loughnane N, Cryan JF, Clarke G. The microbiota drives diurnal rhythms in tryptophan metabolism in the stressed gut. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114079. [PMID: 38613781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress disrupts microbiota-gut-brain axis function and is associated with altered tryptophan metabolism, impaired gut barrier function, and disrupted diurnal rhythms. However, little is known about the effects of acute stress on the gut and how it is influenced by diurnal physiology. Here, we used germ-free and antibiotic-depleted mice to understand how microbiota-dependent oscillations in tryptophan metabolism would alter gut barrier function at baseline and in response to an acute stressor. Cecal metabolomics identified tryptophan metabolism as most responsive to a 15-min acute stressor, while shotgun metagenomics revealed that most bacterial species exhibiting rhythmicity metabolize tryptophan. Our findings highlight that the gastrointestinal response to acute stress is dependent on the time of day and the microbiome, with a signature of stress-induced functional alterations in the ileum and altered tryptophan metabolism in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Gheorghe
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah-Jane Leigh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Gabriel S S Tofani
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisa Gardellin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ashokkumar Govindan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy Co, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Conall Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy Co, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sonia Martinez-Herrero
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael S Goodson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45324, USA
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45324, USA
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland.
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5
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Ma D, Zhang S, Zhang M, Feng J. Dietary tryptophan alleviates intestinal inflammation caused by long photoperiod via gut microbiota derived tryptophan metabolites-NLRP3 pathway in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103509. [PMID: 38387289 PMCID: PMC10900804 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Light pollution is a potential risk factor for intestinal health. Tryptophan plays an important role in the inhibition of intestinal inflammation. However, the mechanism of tryptophan in alleviating intestinal inflammation caused by long photoperiod is still unclear. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of dietary tryptophan on intestinal inflammatory damage induced by long photoperiod and its potential mechanism in broiler chickens. We found that dietary tryptophan mitigated long photoperiod-induced intestinal tissue inflammatory damage and inhibited the activation of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain, Leucine-Rich Repeat and Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 inflammasome. Moreover, dietary tryptophan significantly increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Enterococcus, and Lachnospiraceae_NC2004_group were significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_torques_group and norank_f_UCG-010 under the condition of long photoperiod (P < 0.05). The results of tryptophan targeted metabolomics show that tryptophan significantly increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3 lactic acid (ILA), and significantly decreased xanthurenic acid (XA) under long photoperiod (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicated that dietary tryptophan alleviates intestinal inflammatory damage caused by long photoperiod via the inhibition of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain, Leucine-Rich Repeat and Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 inflammasome activation, which was mediated by tryptophan metabolites. Therefore, tryptophan supplementation could be a promising way to protect the intestine health under the condition of long photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaoshuai Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinghai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface separating the central nervous system from the peripheral circulation, ensuring brain homeostasis and function. Recent research has unveiled a profound connection between the BBB and circadian rhythms, the endogenous oscillations synchronizing biological processes with the 24-hour light-dark cycle. This review explores the significance of circadian rhythms in the context of BBB functions, with an emphasis on substrate passage through the BBB. Our discussion includes efflux transporters and the molecular timing mechanisms that regulate their activities. A significant focus of this review is the potential implications of chronotherapy, leveraging our knowledge of circadian rhythms for improving drug delivery to the brain. Understanding the temporal changes in BBB can lead to optimized timing of drug administration, to enhance therapeutic efficacy for neurological disorders while reducing side effects. By elucidating the interplay between circadian rhythms and drug transport across the BBB, this review offers insights into innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kim
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (M.K., S.L.Z.)
| | - Richard F Keep
- Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (R.F.K.)
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (M.K., S.L.Z.)
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7
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Duraisamy SK, Srinivasan A, Sundar IK. House dust mite and Th2 cytokine-mediated epithelial barrier dysfunction attenuation by KL001 in 16-HBE cells. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2203841. [PMID: 37079442 PMCID: PMC10832928 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2203841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) is a common aeroallergen that can disrupt the airway epithelial barrier leading to dysregulated immune response, resulting in allergic lung diseases such as asthma. Cryptochrome (CRY), a circadian clock gene, plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism, and immune response. It remains unclear whether stabilizing CRY using KL001 can attenuate HDM/Th2 cytokine-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction in 16-HBE cells. We evaluate the effect of KL001 (20 µM) pre-treatment (4 hrs) in HDM/Th2 cytokine (IL-4 or IL-13)-mediated change in epithelial barrier function. HDM and Th2 cytokine-induced changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were determined by an xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer and delocalization of adherens junction complex (AJC: E-cadherin and β-catenin) and tight junction proteins (TJP: Occludin and Zonula occludens-1) by immunostaining and confocal microscopy. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to measure altered gene expression and protein abundance of the epithelial barrier function and core clock genes, respectively. HDM and Th2 cytokine treatment significantly decreased TEER associated with altered gene expression and protein abundance of the selected epithelial barrier function and circadian clock genes. However, pre-treatment with KL001 attenuated HDM and Th2 cytokine-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction as early as 12-24 hrs. KL001 pre-treatment showed attenuation of HDM and Th2 cytokine-induced alteration in the localization and gene expression of AJP and TJP (Cdh1, Ocln, and Zo1) and core clock genes (Clock, Arntl/Bmal1, Cry1/2, Per1/2, Nr1d1/Rev-erbα, and Nfil3). We demonstrate, for the first time, the protective role of KL001 in HDM and Th2 cytokine-mediated epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Duraisamy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ashokkumar Srinivasan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Gozalo AS, Elkins WR. A Review of the Effects of Some Extrinsic Factors on Mice Used in Research. Comp Med 2023; 73:413-431. [PMID: 38217072 PMCID: PMC10752364 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-23-000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Animals have been used in research for over 2,000 y. From very crude experiments conducted by ancient scholars, animal research, as a science, was refined over hundreds of years to what we know it as today. However, the housing conditions of animals used for research did not improve significantly until less than 100 years ago when guidelines for housing research animals were first published. In addition, it was not until relatively recently that some extrinsic factors were recognized as a research variable, even when animals were housed under recommended guidelines. For example, temperature, humidity, light, noise, vibration, diet, water, caging, bedding, etc., can all potentially affect research using mice, contributing the inability of others to reproduce published findings. Consequently, these external factors should be carefully considered in the design, planning, and execution of animal experiments. In addition, as recommended by others, the housing and husbandry conditions of the animals should be described in detail in publications resulting from animal research to improve study reproducibility. Here, we briefly review some common, and less common, external factors that affect research in one of the most popular animal models, the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso S Gozalo
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William R Elkins
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Perez-Diaz-Del-Campo N, Castelnuovo G, Ribaldone DG, Caviglia GP. Fecal and Circulating Biomarkers for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Intestinal Permeability. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111976. [PMID: 37296827 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of intestinal permeability is gaining growing interest due to its relevance in the onset and progression of several gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. Though the involvement of impaired intestinal permeability in the pathophysiology of such diseases is recognized, there is currently a need to identify non-invasive biomarkers or tools that are able to accurately detect alterations in intestinal barrier integrity. On the one hand, promising results have been reported for novel in vivo methods based on paracellular probes, i.e., methods that can directly assess paracellular permeability and, on the other hand, on fecal and circulating biomarkers able to indirectly assess epithelial barrier integrity and functionality. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the intestinal barrier and epithelial transport pathways and to provide an overview of the methods already available or currently under investigation for the measurement of intestinal permeability.
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10
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Teglas T, Torices S, Taylor M, Coker D, Toborek M. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls selectively dysregulates endothelial circadian clock and endothelial toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131499. [PMID: 37126901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are lipophilic and persistent environmental toxicants, which pose health threats to the exposed population. Among several organs and cell types, vascular tissue and endothelial cells are especially prone to PCB-induced toxicity. Exposure to PCBs can exert detrimental impacts on biological pathways, expression of transcription factors, and tight junction proteins that are integral to the functionality of endothelial cells. Because biological and cellular processes are tightly regulated by circadian rhythms, and disruption of the circadian system may cause several diseases, we evaluated if exposure to PCBs can alter the expression of the major endothelial circadian regulators. In addition, we studied if dysregulation of circadian rhythms by silencing the brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) gene can contribute to alterations of brain endothelial cells in response to PCB treatment. We demonstrated that diminished expression of Bmal1 enhances PCB-induced dysregulation of tight junction complexes, such as the expression of occludin, JAM-2, ZO-1, and ZO-2 especially at pathologically relevant longer PCB exposure times. Overall, the obtained results imply that dysregulation of the circadian clock is involved in endothelial toxicity of PCBs. The findings provide new insights for toxicological studies focused on the interactions between environmental pollutants and regulation of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Teglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Madison Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Desiree Coker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
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11
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Schurhoff N, Toborek M. Circadian rhythms in the blood-brain barrier: impact on neurological disorders and stress responses. Mol Brain 2023; 16:5. [PMID: 36635730 PMCID: PMC9835375 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption has become more prevalent in society due to the increase in shift work, sleep disruption, blue light exposure, and travel via different time zones. The circadian rhythm is a timed transcription-translation feedback loop with positive regulators, BMAL1 and CLOCK, that interact with negative regulators, CRY and PER, to regulate both the central and peripheral clocks. This review highlights the functions of the circadian rhythm, specifically in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), during both healthy and pathological states. The BBB is a highly selective dynamic interface composed of CNS endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, neurons, and microglia that form the neurovascular unit (NVU). Circadian rhythms modulate BBB integrity through regulating oscillations of tight junction proteins, assisting in functions of the NVU, and modulating transporter functions. Circadian disruptions within the BBB have been observed in stress responses and several neurological disorders, including brain metastasis, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Further understanding of these interactions may facilitate the development of improved treatment options and preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Schurhoff
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Suite 528, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33155 USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Suite 528, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33155 USA ,grid.445174.7Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
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