1
|
Onyia CU, Morgan E, Oyemolade TA, Ekweogwu OC, Orhorhoro OI, Ahmad MH, Ayodele OA, Usman B, Badejo OA, Dawang Y, Malomo TA, Nwaribe EE, Okere OE, Abu-Bonsrah N, Petitt Z, Njeru PN, Oboh EC, Otun A, Deng DD, Ogundeji OD, Still MEH, Nischal SA, Seas A, Asemota I, Oboh EN, Ugorji C, Reddy R, Rahman R, Trillo-Ordonez Y, Waguia-Kouam R, von Isenburg M, Chikani MC, Adeleye AO, Adeolu AA, Haglund MM, Ukachukwu AEK, Fuller AT. The Role of International Collaborations in Sustainable Neurosurgical Development in Nigeria. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:e264-e273. [PMID: 37979681 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite 6 decades of existence, neurosurgery is still in the developing stages in Nigeria. In this era of collaborative health system capacity-building in low- and middle-income countries, this article reviews past efforts and future prospects for collaborative neurosurgical development in Nigeria. METHODS A bibliometric review of the Nigerian neurosurgical literature and data from a structured survey of Nigerian neurosurgeons and residents provided details of current local and international collaborations for neurosurgical research, service delivery, training, and capacity building. These were analyzed to provide an overview of the role of collaborations in sustainable neurosurgical development in Nigeria and to recommend approaches to enhance neurosurgical capacity. RESULTS In 1023 peer-reviewed neurosurgery publications from Nigeria, there were 4618 authors with 3688 from 98 Nigerian institutions and 930 from 296 foreign institutions in 70 countries. While there were significant research collaborations amongst Nigerian institutions, the most common were with institutions in the US, United Kingdom, and Cameroon. From the survey, 62 of 149 respondents (41.6%) from 32 health facilities noted their institution's involvement in capacity-building neurosurgical collaborations. These collaborations involved 22 Nigerian institutions and 13 foreign institutions in 9 countries and were mostly for training and workforce development (78.1%), and research and data management (59.4%). The majority of foreign institutions were from the US and United Kingdom. CONCLUSIONS Current and previous neurosurgical collaborations have led to sustainable progress in Nigeria. Further local, regional, and international collaborations would enhance the capacity to address the needs and challenges affecting neurosurgery in Nigeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eghosa Morgan
- Department of Surgery, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria
| | | | - Ofodile C Ekweogwu
- Department of Surgery, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Omuvie I Orhorhoro
- Department of Surgery, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Nigeria
| | - Misbahu H Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Babagana Usman
- Department of Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A Badejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Dawang
- Department of Surgery, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Toluyemi A Malomo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Nancy Abu-Bonsrah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zoey Petitt
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paula N Njeru
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ena C Oboh
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ayodamola Otun
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Di D Deng
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olaniyi D Ogundeji
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan E H Still
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shiva A Nischal
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Seas
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Isaac Asemota
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ehita N Oboh
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Chiazam Ugorji
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramya Reddy
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Raphia Rahman
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yesel Trillo-Ordonez
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Megan von Isenburg
- Duke University Medical Center Library and Archives, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark C Chikani
- Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Adeleye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine A Adeolu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael M Haglund
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alvan-Emeka K Ukachukwu
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Anthony T Fuller
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moawad MHED, Al-Jafari M, Taha AM, A'amar JW, Alsayed O, Fayad T, Sadeq MA, Albakri K, Serag I. Neuro-oncological research output in Africa: a scoping review of primary brain tumors. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1945-1951. [PMID: 38146012 PMCID: PMC11021309 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that individuals of African ancestry, particularly those residing in Africa, suffer from an unfortunate amount of under-representation in cancer research worldwide. AIM We aimed to analyze current research output and potentially predict future trends in neuro-oncological research in Africa. Investigating deficits in the field will assist in identifying top-performing countries, which ones face challenges, and how to solve them. Therefore, targeted interventions can be applied to overcome these challenges. METHODS We conducted a systematic computer-based search on the following databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) for research articles related to the neuro-oncological field in Africa. We aimed to retrieve any article published in the period between 1 January 2000 and 10 January 2023. RESULTS We included 200 eligible articles in our study. The output of neuro-oncological research has been increasing over the past two decades, peaking in 2019. Among the included articles, clinical practice issues constituted the majority (80%), while public health-related topics accounted for 20% of the publications. Regarding the type of neurological tumor, neuroblastoma was the most common, with 26 articles (13%), meningioma with 21 (10.5%), and glioma with 16 articles (8%). CONCLUSION The interest in African neuro-oncological research is increasing. Hence, there is a need for ongoing efforts to address issues with clinical practice and public health related to neurological tumors in the continent. Future studies should concentrate on filling in knowledge gaps and investigating novel methods for neuro-oncological conditions that affect African populations in terms of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad
- Faculty of Pharmacy Clinical Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Omar Alsayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Taha Fayad
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Sadeq
- Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Khaled Albakri
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ibrahim Serag
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aborode AT, Idowu NJ, Tundealao S, Jaiyeola J, Ogunware AE. Strengthening Brain Research in Africa. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:989-992. [PMID: 37849624 PMCID: PMC10578320 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the emerging field of neuroscience in Africa, considering the unique genetic diversity, socio-cultural determinants, and health inequalities in the continent. It presents numerous brain research initiatives, such as ABDRN, AMARI, APCDR, and H3Africa, aimed at understanding genetic and environmental factors influencing brain disorders in Africa. Despite numerous challenges like the brain drain phenomenon, inadequate infrastructure, and scarce research expertise, significant progress has been achieved. The paper proposes solutions, including international collaboration, capacity-building efforts, and policies to promote neuroscience research, to enhance the understanding of brain function and address brain-related health issues within the African context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Tundealao
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Jaiyeola
- Department of Demography, College for Health, Community and Policy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Adedayo Emmanuel Ogunware
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kissani N, Liqali L, Hakimi K, Mugumbate J, Daniel GM, Ibrahim EAA, Yewnetu E, Belo M, Wilmshurst J, Mbelesso P, Ragab AH, Millogo A, Massimo L, Naji Y. Why does Africa have the lowest number of Neurologists and how to cover the Gap? J Neurol Sci 2021; 434:120119. [PMID: 34982975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurology is one of Africa's central and noble specialties due to the frequency of its related diseases. Through this study we: -1-described the status of neurologists in Africa in terms of numbers,-2-listed the reasons and discussed how to increase their number, and how to get the most benefit of them in healthcare coverage. METHODS The distribution and number of neurologists in the African continent was acquired from many participants in different African countries using a survey sent between March 2020 and August 2020 by email. Further, data from the World health organization on the number of neurologists was added for the countries, from which we didn't receive answers by the survey. RESULTS Surveys' answers were received from representatives of 50 (92%) of the 54 African nations. Authors suggest a ranking into four levels according to the number of neurologists per nation. Level A [more than 201 neurologists per country] included 2 nations. Level B [31 to 200 neurologists per country] included six nations. Level C [1 to 30 neurologists per country] including the majority of African countries (36 nations). Level D includes 10 nations without any neurologists. CONCLUSION The need for reliable and competent neurologists with a sufficient number is considered as a crucial element to enhance the care of neurological diseases in Africa. For this, all African countries should establish new centers of excellence in neurology, by developing good south-south collaboration with supports from governmental and non-governmental institutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najib Kissani
- Medical Research Center, Marrakech Medical School, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco; Neurology Department, University Teaching Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Laila Liqali
- Medical Research Center, Marrakech Medical School, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco; Neurology Department, University Teaching Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Khaoula Hakimi
- Medical Research Center, Marrakech Medical School, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco; Neurology Department, University Teaching Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Jacob Mugumbate
- School of health and Society, University of Wollongong, Australia; Epilepsy Resource Centre, Zimbabwe
| | - Gams Massi Daniel
- Douala General Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Eetedal Ahmed A Ibrahim
- Neurology Department, Alneelain University, National Centre for Neurological Centre, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Mofou Belo
- Neurology Unit, Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital, Lomé, Togo
| | - Jo Wilmshurst
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pascal Mbelesso
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bangui, Central African Republic
| | | | | | - Leone Massimo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroalgology Unit, The Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, IRCCS, Milano, Italy; The Study Group of the Italian Society of Neurology on sub-Saharan Africa and Developing Countries DREAM Program, Rome, Italy; Global Health Telemedicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Yahya Naji
- Medical Research Center, Marrakech Medical School, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco; Neurology Department, University Teaching Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakesh, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Imaging Africa: a strategic approach to optical microscopy training in Africa. Nat Methods 2021; 18:847-855. [PMID: 34354292 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
6
|
Maina MB, Ahmad U, Ibrahim HA, Hamidu SK, Nasr FE, Salihu AT, Abushouk AI, Abdurrazak M, Awadelkareem MA, Amin A, Imam A, Akinrinade ID, Yakubu AH, Azeez IA, Mohammed YG, Adamu AA, Ibrahim HB, Bukar AM, Yaro AU, Goni BW, Prieto-Godino LL, Baden T. Two decades of neuroscience publication trends in Africa. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3429. [PMID: 34103514 PMCID: PMC8187719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience research in Africa remains sparse. Devising new policies to boost Africa's neuroscience landscape is imperative, but these must be based on accurate data on research outputs which is largely lacking. Such data must reflect the heterogeneity of research environments across the continent's 54 countries. Here, we analyse neuroscience publications affiliated with African institutions between 1996 and 2017. Of 12,326 PubMed indexed publications, 5,219 show clear evidence that the work was performed in Africa and led by African-based researchers - on average ~5 per country and year. From here, we extract information on journals and citations, funding, international coauthorships and techniques used. For reference, we also extract the same metrics from 220 randomly selected publications each from the UK, USA, Australia, Japan and Brazil. Our dataset provides insights into the current state of African neuroscience research in a global context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Maina
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria.
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK.
| | - U Ahmad
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bauchi State University, PMB 65, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - H A Ibrahim
- College of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - S K Hamidu
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - F E Nasr
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A T Salihu
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - A I Abushouk
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Abdurrazak
- Sheka Primary Health Care Kumbotso, Kano, Nigeria
| | - M A Awadelkareem
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neuroscience Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Amin
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A Imam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - I D Akinrinade
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A H Yakubu
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - I A Azeez
- Department of Neuroscience Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Y G Mohammed
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology group, University of Konstanz, Baden Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - A A Adamu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - H B Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal Medical Centre, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - A M Bukar
- Centre for Visual Computing, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - A U Yaro
- College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - B W Goni
- Department of Medicine, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital Damaturu PMB 1072, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
| | - L L Prieto-Godino
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK.
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - T Baden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- TReND in Africa (www.TReNDinAfrica.org), Brighton, UK.
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ivanchenko D, Rifai K, Hafed ZM, Schaeffel F. A low-cost, high-performance video-based binocular eye tracker for psychophysical research. J Eye Mov Res 2021; 14. [PMID: 34122750 PMCID: PMC8190563 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.14.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a high-performance, pupil-based binocular eye tracker that approaches the performance
of a well-established commercial system, but at a fraction of the cost. The eye
tracker is built from standard hardware components, and its software (written in Visual C++)
can be easily implemented. Because of its fast and simple linear calibration scheme, the eye
tracker performs best in the central 10 degrees of the visual field. The eye tracker possesses
a number of useful features: (1) automated calibration simultaneously in both eyes while
subjects fixate four fixation points sequentially on a computer screen, (2) automated realtime
continuous analysis of measurement noise, (3) automated blink detection, (4) and realtime
analysis of pupil centration artifacts. This last feature is critical because it is known
that pupil diameter changes can be erroneously registered by pupil-based trackers as a
change in eye position. We evaluated the performance of our system against that of a wellestablished
commercial system using simultaneous measurements in 10 participants. We
propose our low-cost eye tracker as a promising resource for studies of binocular eye movements.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mbiydzenyuy NE, Pieme CA, Brown RE, Nguemeni C. Neuroscience education and research in Cameroon: Current status and future direction. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 10:216-224. [PMID: 34179870 PMCID: PMC8211920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders comprise 20% of hospital admissions in Cameroon. The burden of neurological disorders is increasing, especially in children and the elderly. However, there are very few neurologists, psychiatrists, gerontologists and neuropsychologists trained in the treatment of neurological disorders in Cameroon and there are very few facilities for training in basic and clinical neuroscience. Although non-governmental organizations such as the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), International Society of Neurochemistry (ISN), and Teaching and Research in Natural Sciences for Development (TReND) in Africa have stepped in to provide short training courses and workshops in neuroscience, these are neither sufficient to train African neuroscientists nor to build the capacity to train neuroscience researchers and clinicians. There has also been little support from universities and the government for such training. While some participants of these schools have managed to form collaborations with foreign researchers and have been invited to study abroad, this does not facilitate the training of neuroscientists in Cameroon. Moreover, the research infrastructure for training in neuroscience remains limited. This is reflected in the low research output from Cameroonian universities in the field. In this review, we describe the burden of neurological disorders in Cameroon and outline the outstanding efforts of local scientists to develop the discipline of neuroscience, which is still an emerging field in Cameroon. We identify key actionable steps towards the improvement of the scientific capacity in neuroscience in Cameroon: (1) develop targeted neuroscience training programs in all major universities in Cameroon; (2) implement a thriving scientific environment supported by international collaborations; (3) focus on the leadership and the mentorship of both local and senior neuroscientists; (4) develop public awareness and information of policy makers to increase governmental funding for neuroscience research. Improving scientific capacity to tackle the neurological diseases burden in Cameroon is urgent. Neuroscience schools and advocated researchers shape the future of neuroscience in Cameroon. Public-private partnerships are required for sustainable country impact of neuroscience schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngala Elvis Mbiydzenyuy
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | | | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carine Nguemeni
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Determining the anatomy of anatomy educators. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:102-109. [PMID: 32368205 PMCID: PMC7184215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The growing shortage of anatomy educators along with inconsistencies regarding their educational qualifications has become a major global concern for medical education. The purpose of this study is to assess the dynamics of anatomy educators in Nigeria with respect to their general characteristics, qualifications, teaching experience, and research focus. Methods This study was conducted on the participants of the 16th Annual Conference of the Anatomical Society of Nigeria held at the University of Calabar, Nigeria in 2019. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analysed as frequencies and percentages using Microsoft Excel. Results Out of 84 faculty members, 56 (72.4%) participated in this study; 68% of the participants were men and 32% were women. A maximum of 27 faculty members belonged to the ‘31–40 years old’ age group while only 5 belonged to the ‘51–60 years old’ group. Twenty-five (45%) faculty members had a Ph.D. in Anatomy and all the non-Ph.D. holders (97%), except for one, aspired for a higher degree in Anatomy. The research interest with the highest frequency (n = 29; 52%) was in neuroanatomy and neurosciences. Over half of the respondents (n = 31; 55%) worked in federal universities, 16 (29%) in state universities, 4 (7%) in private universities, and only 5 (9%) were employed in allied institutions. Conclusion Anatomy professionals in Nigeria are mostly middle-aged and mid-career individuals. Most of them have master’s degrees while only a few hold PhDs and have little to no postdoctoral experience. The research focus was concentrated on some areas of anatomy. This study reveals the urgent need to address the training and research gaps in the field of anatomy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Maina MB, Mohammed YG, Bukar AM, Ahmad U, Tijjani Salihu A, Ibrahim HA, Abdurrazak M, Hamidu SK, Yaro AU, Awadelkareem MA, Nasr FE, Baden T. African neuroscience on the global stage: Nigeria as a model. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1544-1551. [PMID: 30758873 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Of the 572 neuroscience-related studies published in Nigerian from 1996 to 2017, <5% used state-of-the-art techniques, none used transgenic models, and only one study was published in a top-tier journal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Bukar Maina
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Yunusa Garba Mohammed
- College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.,International Max Planck Research School, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ali Maina Bukar
- Centre for Visual Computing, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Umar Ahmad
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bauchi State University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Aisha Umar Yaro
- College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Fayza Eid Nasr
- Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tom Baden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Mental and Neurological Disorders in Ghana. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8590381. [PMID: 30671131 PMCID: PMC6317105 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8590381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance Mental and neurological disorders are a serious public health challenge globally, particularly in developing countries where cultural factors and limited access to standard healthcare have led to a reliance on traditional medicines. However, ethnopharmacological characterization of traditional medicines used to treat these diseases is lacking. In this study, an ethnobotanical description of plant species used in treating mental and neurological disorders in Ghana and an update of their experimentally validated pharmacological relevance are provided. Materials and Methods Two hundred herbalists agreed to participate but sixty-six specialized in treating mental and neurological disorders were interviewed on their traditional medical practice. Literature review was conducted to verify the experimentally validated pharmacological importance of the reported plants. Results Thirty-two plant species belonging to twenty-eight families were identified. Most plant species had either analgesic (50%), anxiolytic (18.8%), or anticonvulsant (15.6%) properties. Others had reported sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, motor coordination, antipsychotic, antidepressant, cognitive enhancement, and neuroprotective properties. While Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) and Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) were the most commonly mentioned species with analgesic properties, Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) was the most-reported anxiolytic product, with Cymbopogon citratus DC. (Gramineae), Mangifera indica L., Tetrapleura tetraptera Schum Taub. (Fabaceae), and Persea Americana Mill (Lauraceae) being the most studied anticonvulsants. Conclusions This study provides the first report specifically on medicinal plants used in treating mental and neurological disorders in Ghana. Most of the identified plants have been scientifically confirmed to possess neuro- and psychopharmacological properties and may serve as templates for drug development.
Collapse
|
12
|
Balogun WG, Cobham AE, Amin A, Seeni A. Using invertebrate model organisms for neuroscience research and training: an opportunity for Africa. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1431-1441. [PMID: 29797116 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Africa is faced with an increasing underrepresentation of her research progress in many fields of science including neuroscience. This underrepresentation stems from the very low investments directed towards research by African governments as these are thought to be high-priced. Scientists and researchers within the continent are left to compete highly for the very limited research grants or choose to fund research from their personal purse. Therefore, presenting a need for all possible strategies to make science and research approaches more affordable in Africa. This paper presents one of such strategy, which advocates the use of invertebrate animal models for neuroscience research in place of the commonly used vertebrate models. Invertebrates are cheaper, more available and easy to handle options and their use is on the rise, even in the developed societies of the world. Here, we investigate the current state of invertebrate neuroscience research in Africa looking at countries and institutions conducting neuroscience research with invertebrates and their publication output. We discuss the factors which impede invertebrate neuroscience research in Africa like lack of research infrastructure and adequate expert scientists and conclude by suggesting solutions to these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wasiu Gbolahan Balogun
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ansa Emmanuel Cobham
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Abdulbasit Amin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua. da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Azman Seeni
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Bukit Gambir, 11700, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Balogun WG, Cobham AE, Amin A. Neuroscience in Nigeria: the past, the present and the future. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:359-368. [PMID: 28993966 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The science of the brain and nervous system cuts across almost all aspects of human life and is one of the fastest growing scientific fields worldwide. This necessitates the demand for pragmatic investment by all nations to ensure improved education and quality of research in Neurosciences. Although obvious efforts are being made in advancing the field in developed societies, there is limited data addressing the state of neuroscience in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we review the state of neuroscience development in Nigeria, Africa's most populous country and its largest economy, critically evaluating the history, the current situation and future projections. This review specifically addresses trends in clinical and basic neuroscience research and education. We conclude by highlighting potentially helpful strategies that will catalyse development in neuroscience education and research in Nigeria, among which are an increase in research funding, provision of tools and equipment for training and research, and upgrading of the infrastructure at hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wasiu Gbolahan Balogun
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ansa Emmanuel Cobham
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Abdulbasit Amin
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua. da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Balogun WG, Cobham AE, Amin A, Seeni A. Advancing Neuroscience Research in Africa: Invertebrate Species to the Rescue. Neuroscience 2018; 374:323-325. [PMID: 29427653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscience research and training in many African countries are difficult due to funding and infrastructure deficit. This has resulted in few neuroscientists within Africa. However, invertebrates such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans could provide the perfect answer to these difficulties. These organisms are cheap, easy to handle and offer a comparable advantage over vertebrates in neuroscience research modeling because they have a simple nervous system and exhibit well-defined behaviors. Studies using invertebrates have helped to understand neurosciences and the complexes associated with it. If Africa wants to catch up with the rest of the world in neuroscience research, it needs to employ this innovative cost-effective approach in its research. To improve invertebrate neuroscience within the Africa continent, the authors advocated the establishment of invertebrate research centers either at regional or national level across Africa. Finally, there is also a need to provide public funding to consolidate the gains that have been made by not-for-profit international organizations over the years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wasiu Gbolahan Balogun
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ansa Emmanuel Cobham
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Abdulbasit Amin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua. da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Azman Seeni
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Penang, Malaysia; Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Bukit Gambir, 11700 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nuñez I, Matute T, Herrera R, Keymer J, Marzullo T, Rudge T, Federici F. Low cost and open source multi-fluorescence imaging system for teaching and research in biology and bioengineering. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187163. [PMID: 29140977 PMCID: PMC5687719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of easy-to-use open source microcontrollers, off-the-shelf electronics and customizable manufacturing technologies has facilitated the development of inexpensive scientific devices and laboratory equipment. In this study, we describe an imaging system that integrates low-cost and open-source hardware, software and genetic resources. The multi-fluorescence imaging system consists of readily available 470 nm LEDs, a Raspberry Pi camera and a set of filters made with low cost acrylics. This device allows imaging in scales ranging from single colonies to entire plates. We developed a set of genetic components (e.g. promoters, coding sequences, terminators) and vectors following the standard framework of Golden Gate, which allowed the fabrication of genetic constructs in a combinatorial, low cost and robust manner. In order to provide simultaneous imaging of multiple wavelength signals, we screened a series of long stokes shift fluorescent proteins that could be combined with cyan/green fluorescent proteins. We found CyOFP1, mBeRFP and sfGFP to be the most compatible set for 3-channel fluorescent imaging. We developed open source Python code to operate the hardware to run time-lapse experiments with automated control of illumination and camera and a Python module to analyze data and extract meaningful biological information. To demonstrate the potential application of this integral system, we tested its performance on a diverse range of imaging assays often used in disciplines such as microbial ecology, microbiology and synthetic biology. We also assessed its potential use in a high school environment to teach biology, hardware design, optics, and programming. Together, these results demonstrate the successful integration of open source hardware, software, genetic resources and customizable manufacturing to obtain a powerful, low cost and robust system for education, scientific research and bioengineering. All the resources developed here are available under open source licenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Nuñez
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Matute
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Keymer
- Departamento Ecología, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto de Física, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Timothy Rudge
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (TJR); (FF)
| | - Fernán Federici
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Fondo de Desarrollo de Áreas Prioritarias, Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (TJR); (FF)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The aim of this special issue on science communication is to inspire and help scientists who are taking part or want to take part in science communication and engage with the wider public, clinicians, other scientists or policy makers. For this, some articles provide concise and accessible advice to individual scientists, science networks, or learned societies on how to communicate effectively; others share rationales, objectives and aims, experiences, implementation strategies and resources derived from existing long-term science communication initiatives. Although this issue is primarily addressing scientists working in the field of biomedical research, much of it similarly applies to scientists from other disciplines. Furthermore, we hope that this issue will also be used as a helpful resource by academic science communicators and social scientists, as a collection that highlights some of the major communication challenges that the biomedical sciences face, and which provides interesting case studies of initiatives that use a breadth of strategies to address these challenges. In this editorial, we first discuss why we should communicate our science and contemplate some of the different approaches, aspirations and definitions of science communication. We then address the specific challenges that researchers in the biomedical sciences are faced with when engaging with wider audiences. Finally, we explain the rationales and contents of the different articles in this issue and the various science communication initiatives and strategies discussed in each of them, whilst also providing some information on the wide range of further science communication activities in the biomedical sciences that could not all be covered here.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yawson NA, Amankwaa AO, Tali B, Shang VO, Batu EN, Asiemoah K, Fuseini AD, Tene LN, Angaandi L, Blewusi I, Borbi M, Aduku LNE, Badu P, Abbey H, Karikari TK. Evaluation of Changes in Ghanaian Students' Attitudes Towards Science Following Neuroscience Outreach Activities: A Means to Identify Effective Ways to Inspire Interest in Science Careers. JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION : JUNE : A PUBLICATION OF FUN, FACULTY FOR UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:A117-A123. [PMID: 27385920 PMCID: PMC4917342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The scientific capacity in many African countries is low. Ghana, for example, is estimated to have approximately twenty-three researchers per a million inhabitants. In order to improve interest in science among future professionals, appropriate techniques should be developed and employed to identify barriers and correlates of science education among pre-university students. Young students' attitudes towards science may affect their future career choices. However, these attitudes may change with new experiences. It is, therefore, important to evaluate potential changes in students' attitudes towards science after their exposure to experiences such as science outreach activities. Through this, more effective means of inspiring and mentoring young students to choose science subjects can be developed. This approach would be particularly beneficial in countries such as Ghana, where: (i) documented impacts of outreach activities are lacking; and (ii) effective means to develop scientist-school educational partnerships are needed. We have established an outreach scheme, aimed at helping to improve interaction between scientists and pre-university students (and their teachers). Outreach activities are designed and implemented by undergraduate students and graduate teaching assistants, with support from faculty members and technical staff. Through this, we aim to build a team of trainee scientists and graduates who will become ambassadors of science in their future professional endeavors. Here, we describe an approach for assessing changes in junior high school students' attitudes towards science following classroom neuroscience outreach activities. We show that while students tended to agree more with questions concerning their perceptions about science learning after the delivery of outreach activities, significant improvements were obtained for only two questions, namely "I enjoy science lessons" and "I want to be a scientist in the future." Furthermore, there was a generally strong trend towards a change in attitude for questions that sought information about students' perceptions about scientists (both positive and negative perceptions). In addition, outreach providers reported that their involvement in this public engagement scheme helped them acquire several transferable skills that will be beneficial in their studies and career development. These include vital skills in project and time management, teamwork and public speaking. Altogether, our findings provide novel indications that the development of scientist-school outreach partnerships in Ghana has valuable implications for science education and capacity development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nat Ato Yawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aaron Opoku Amankwaa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bernice Tali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Velma Owusua Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuella Nsenbah Batu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwame Asiemoah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ahmed Denkeri Fuseini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Louis Nana Tene
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Leticia Angaandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Blewusi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Makafui Borbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Nana Esi Aduku
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pheonah Badu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Henrietta Abbey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Thomas K. Karikari
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Quansah E, Karikari TK. Neuroscience-related research in Ghana: a systematic evaluation of direction and capacity. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:11-24. [PMID: 26344503 PMCID: PMC4718959 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases account for considerable healthcare, economic and social burdens in Ghana. In order to effectively address these burdens, appropriately-trained scientists who conduct high-impact neuroscience research will be needed. Additionally, research directions should be aligned with national research priorities. However, to provide information about current neuroscience research productivity and direction, the existing capacity and focus need to be identified. This would allow opportunities for collaborative research and training to be properly explored and developmental interventions to be better targeted. In this study, we sought to evaluate the existing capacity and direction of neuroscience-related research in Ghana. To do this, we examined publications reporting research investigations authored by scientists affiliated with Ghanaian institutions in specific areas of neuroscience over the last two decades (1995-2015). 127 articles that met our inclusion criteria were systematically evaluated in terms of research foci, annual publication trends and author affiliations. The most actively-researched areas identified include neurocognitive impairments in non-nervous system disorders, depression and suicide, epilepsy and seizures, neurological impact of substance misuse, and neurological disorders. These studies were mostly hospital and community-based surveys. About 60% of these articles were published in the last seven years, suggesting a recent increase in research productivity. However, data on experimental and clinical research outcomes were particularly lacking. We suggest that future investigations should focus on the following specific areas where information was lacking: large-scale disease epidemiology, effectiveness of diagnostic platforms and therapeutic treatments, and the genetic, genomic and molecular bases of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Quansah
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Until recently, bioinformatics, an important discipline in the biological sciences, was largely limited to countries with advanced scientific resources. Nonetheless, several developing countries have lately been making progress in bioinformatics training and applications. In Africa, leading countries in the discipline include South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya. However, one country that is less known when it comes to bioinformatics is Ghana. Here, I provide a first description of the development of bioinformatics activities in Ghana and how these activities contribute to the overall development of the discipline in Africa. Over the past decade, scientists in Ghana have been involved in publications incorporating bioinformatics analyses, aimed at addressing research questions in biomedical science and agriculture. Scarce research funding and inadequate training opportunities are some of the challenges that need to be addressed for Ghanaian scientists to continue developing their expertise in bioinformatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Karikari
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Science and Technology, Wa Polytechnic, Wa, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Karikari TK, Quansah E, Mohamed WM. Developing expertise in bioinformatics for biomedical research in Africa. Appl Transl Genom 2015; 6:31-34. [PMID: 26767162 PMCID: PMC4699396 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research in bioinformatics has a central role in helping to advance biomedical research. However, its introduction to Africa has been met with some challenges (such as inadequate infrastructure, training opportunities, research funding, human resources, biorepositories and databases) that have contributed to the slow pace of development in this field across the continent. Fortunately, recent improvements in areas such as research funding, infrastructural support and capacity building are helping to develop bioinformatics into an important discipline in Africa. These contributions are leading to the establishment of world-class research facilities, biorepositories, training programmes, scientific networks and funding schemes to improve studies into disease and health in Africa. With increased contribution from all stakeholders, these developments could be further enhanced. Here, we discuss how the recent developments are contributing to the advancement of bioinformatics in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Karikari
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Emmanuel Quansah
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Wael M.Y. Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karikari TK, Quansah E, Mohamed WMY. Widening participation would be key in enhancing bioinformatics and genomics research in Africa. Appl Transl Genom 2015; 6:35-41. [PMID: 26767163 PMCID: PMC4699381 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioinformatics and genome science (BGS) are gradually gaining roots in Africa, contributing to studies that are leading to improved understanding of health, disease, agriculture and food security. While a few African countries have established foundations for research and training in these areas, BGS appear to be limited to only a few institutions in specific African countries. However, improving the disciplines in Africa will require pragmatic efforts to expand training and research partnerships to scientists in yet-unreached institutions. Here, we discuss the need to expand BGS programmes in Africa, and propose mechanisms to do so.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Karikari
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Emmanuel Quansah
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Wael M Y Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Motor Neuron Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Need for More Population-Based Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:298409. [PMID: 26347879 PMCID: PMC4549542 DOI: 10.1155/2015/298409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are devastating neurological diseases that are characterised by gradual degeneration and death of motor neurons. Major types of MNDs include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). These diseases are incurable, with limited disease-modifying treatment options. In order to improve MND-based biomedical research, drug development, and clinical care, population-based studies will be important. These studies, especially among less-studied populations, might identify novel factors controlling disease susceptibility and resistance. To evaluate progress in MND research in Africa, we examined the published literature on MNDs in Sub-Saharan Africa to identify disease prevalence, genetic factors, and other risk factors. Our findings indicate that the amount of research evidence on MNDs in Sub-Saharan Africa is scanty; molecular and genetics-based studies are particularly lacking. While only a few genetic studies were identified, these studies strongly suggest that there appear to be population-specific causes of MNDs among Africans. MND genetic underpinnings vary among different African populations and also between African and non-African populations. Further studies, especially molecular, genetic and genomic studies, will be required to advance our understanding of MND biology among African populations. Insights from these studies would help to improve the timeliness and accuracy of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
|
23
|
Karikari TK, Quansah E. Neurogenomics: Challenges and opportunities for Ghana. Appl Transl Genom 2015; 5:11-14. [PMID: 26751686 PMCID: PMC4691957 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The application of genomic tools and technologies has shown the potential to help improve healthcare and our understanding of disease mechanisms. While genomic tools are increasingly being applied to research on infectious diseases, malaria and neglected tropical diseases in Africa, an area that has seen little application of genomic approaches on this continent is neuroscience. In this article, we examined the prospects of developing neurogenomics research and its clinical use in Ghana, one of the African countries actively involved in genomics research. We noted that established international research funding sources and foundations in genomic research such as H3ABioNet nodes established at a couple of research centres in Ghana provide excellent platforms for extending the usage of genomic tools and techniques to neuroscience-related research areas. However, existing challenges such as the (i) lack of degree programmes in neuroscience, genomics and bioinformatics; (ii) low availability of infrastructure and appropriately-trained scientists; and (iii) lack of local research funding opportunities, need to be addressed. To promote and safeguard the long-term sustainability of neurogenomics research in the country, the impact of the existing challenges and possible ways of addressing them have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Karikari
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Quansah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karikari TK, Aleksic J. Neurogenomics: An opportunity to integrate neuroscience, genomics and bioinformatics research in Africa. Appl Transl Genom 2015; 5:3-10. [PMID: 26937352 PMCID: PMC4745356 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern genomic approaches have made enormous contributions to improving our understanding of the function, development and evolution of the nervous system, and the diversity within and between species. However, most of these research advances have been recorded in countries with advanced scientific resources and funding support systems. On the contrary, little is known about, for example, the possible interplay between different genes, non-coding elements and environmental factors in modulating neurological diseases among populations in low-income countries, including many African countries. The unique ancestry of African populations suggests that improved inclusion of these populations in neuroscience-related genomic studies would significantly help to identify novel factors that might shape the future of neuroscience research and neurological healthcare. This perspective is strongly supported by the recent identification that diseased individuals and their kindred from specific sub-Saharan African populations lack common neurological disease-associated genetic mutations. This indicates that there may be population-specific causes of neurological diseases, necessitating further investigations into the contribution of additional, presently-unknown genomic factors. Here, we discuss how the development of neurogenomics research in Africa would help to elucidate disease-related genomic variants, and also provide a good basis to develop more effective therapies. Furthermore, neurogenomics would harness African scientists' expertise in neuroscience, genomics and bioinformatics to extend our understanding of the neural basis of behaviour, development and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Karikari
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Aleksic
- Wellcome Trust — Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|