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Soni D, Upadhayay S, Dhureja M, Arthur R, Kumar P. Crosstalk between gut-brain axis: unveiling the mysteries of gut ROS in progression of Parkinson's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01510-2. [PMID: 38992324 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
"Path to a good mood lies through the gut." This statement seems to imply that it has long been believed that the gut is connected with the brain. Research has shown that eating food activates the reward system and releases dopamine (DA), establishing a link between the peripheral and central nervous system. At the same time, researchers also trust that the gut is involved in the onset of many diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), in which gastrointestinal dysfunction is considered a prevalent symptom. Reports suggest that PD starts from the gut and reaches the brain via the vagus nerve. Recent studies have revealed an intriguing interaction between the gut and brain, which links gut dysbiosis to the etiology of PD. This review aims to explore the mechanistic pathway how reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the gut affects the makeup and operation of the dopamine circuitry in the brain. Our primary concern is ROS generation in the gut, which disrupts the gut microbiome (GM), causing α-synuclein accumulation and inflammation. This trio contributes to the loss of DA neurons in the brain, resulting in PD development. This review also compiles pre-clinical and clinical studies on antioxidants, demonstrating that antioxidants reduce ROS and increase DA levels. Collectively, the study highlights the necessity of comprehending the gut-brain axis for unraveling the riddles of PD pathogenesis and considering new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Maanvi Dhureja
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Richmond Arthur
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
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Zeng Y, Ahmed HGMD, Li X, Yang L, Pu X, Yang X, Yang T, Yang J. Physiological Mechanisms by Which the Functional Ingredients in Beer Impact Human Health. Molecules 2024; 29:3110. [PMID: 38999065 PMCID: PMC11243521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional therapy, for example through beer, is the best solution to human chronic diseases. In this article, we demonstrate the physiological mechanisms of the functional ingredients in beer with health-promoting effects, based on the PubMed, Google, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases, published from 1997 to 2024. Beer, a complex of barley malt and hops, is rich in functional ingredients. The health effects of beer against 26 chronic diseases are highly similar to those of barley due to the physiological mechanisms of polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids), melatonin, minerals, bitter acids, vitamins, and peptides. Functional beer with low purine and high active ingredients made from pure barley malt, as well as an additional functional food, represents an important development direction, specifically, ginger beer, ginseng beer, and coix-lily beer, as consumed by our ancestors ca. 9000 years ago. Low-purine beer can be produced via enzymatic and biological degradation and adsorption of purines, as well as dandelion addition. Therefore, this review paper not only reveals the physiological mechanisms of beer in overcoming chronic human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional beer with health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xia Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Li'e Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
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Ogut E. Rouvière’s lymph nodes: clinical insights and therapeutic frontiers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY 2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s42058-024-00157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
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Li X, Gill A, Panzarasa P, Bestwick J, Schrag A, Noyce A, De Simoni A. Web Application to Enable Online Social Interactions in a Parkinson Disease Risk Cohort: Feasibility Study and Social Network Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51977. [PMID: 38788211 PMCID: PMC11161708 DOI: 10.2196/51977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that social interaction has an inverse association with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. PREDICT-Parkinson Disease (PREDICT-PD) is an online UK cohort study that stratifies participants for risk of future Parkinson disease (PD). OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the methodological approach and feasibility of assessing the digital social characteristics of people at risk of developing PD and their social capital within the PREDICT-PD platform, making hypotheses about the relationship between web-based social engagement and potential predictive risk indicators of PD. METHODS A web-based application was built to enable social interaction through the PREDICT-PD portal. Feedback from existing members of the cohort was sought and informed the design of the pilot. Dedicated staff used weekly engagement activities, consisting of PD-related research, facts, and queries, to stimulate discussion. Data were collected by the hosting platform. We examined the pattern of connections generated over time through the cumulative number of posts and replies and ego networks using social network analysis. We used network metrics to describe the bonding, bridging, and linking of social capital among participants on the platform. Relevant demographic data and Parkinson risk scores (expressed as an odd 1:x) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between risk scores (after log transformation) and network measures. RESULTS Overall, 219 participants took part in a 4-month pilot forum embedded in the study website. In it, 200 people (n=80, 40% male and n=113, 57% female) connected in a large group, where most pairs of users could reach one another either directly or indirectly through other users. A total of 59% (20/34) of discussions were spontaneously started by participants. Participation was asynchronous, with some individuals acting as "brokers" between groups of discussions. As more participants joined the forum and connected to one another through online posts, distinct groups of connected users started to emerge. This pilot showed that a forum application within the cohort web platform was feasible and acceptable and fostered digital social interaction. Matching participants' web-based social engagement with previously collected data at individual level in the PREDICT-PD study was feasible, showing potential for future analyses correlating online network characteristics with the risk of PD over time, as well as testing digital social engagement as an intervention to modify the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS The results from the pilot suggest that an online forum can serve as an intervention to enhance social connectedness and investigate whether patterns of online engagement can impact the risk of developing PD through long-term follow-up. This highlights the potential of leveraging online platforms to study the role of social capital in moderating PD risk and underscores the feasibility of such approaches in future research or interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Li
- School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aneet Gill
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Panzarasa
- School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Bestwick
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Schrag
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Noyce
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna De Simoni
- Centre for Primary Care, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Indla E, Rajasekar KV, Naveen Kumar B, Kumar SS, P UK, Sayana SB. Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Control in Diabetic Wistar Rats: The Therapeutic Potential of Theobroma cacao and Camellia sinensis Diets. Cureus 2024; 16:e55985. [PMID: 38606255 PMCID: PMC11007453 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by oxidative stress and impaired glycemic control. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Theobroma cacao and Camellia sinensis diets in diabetic Wistar rats and assesses their impact on oxidative stress markers and blood glucose levels. Methods In this experiment, eight groups of six male Wistar rats (n = 12.5%), aged 8 to 12 weeks, were carefully set up to see how different treatments for diabetes and oxidative stress affected the two conditions. The random selection process was implemented to minimize any potential bias and ensure that the results of the study would be representative of the general population of Wistar rats. The groups were as follows: a nondiabetic control group (NDC) served as the baseline, while diabetes was induced in the alloxan monohydrate group (150 mg/kg). Another group was given the standard drug metformin (M, 100 mg/kg), and two control groups that did not have diabetes were given extracts of Theobroma cacao (TC, 340 mg/kg) and Camellia sinensis (CS, 200 mg/kg). Three groups of diabetic rats were given a mix of these treatments. Theobroma cacao and Camellia sinensis extracts were given at set doses (TC, 340 mg/kg; CS, 200 mg/kg), along with 150 mg/kg of a drug that causes diabetes. Over a 21-day period, oxidative stress parameters such as glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GSHrd) levels, and blood glucose were carefully measured to check for signs of oxidative stress and diabetes progression Results Considerable differences in GSH levels were noted across the groups, with the highest GSH concentration found in the group treated with the inducing drug, while the lowest GSH levels were observed in the diabetic group that was administered both Theobroma cacao and Camellia sinensis (p < 0.001). MDA levels also varied, with the diabetic group treated with Theobroma cacao having the highest MDA concentration (3.54 ± 0.29 μmol/L) and the nondiabetic control group treated with Camellia sinensis exhibiting the lowest MDA levels (1.66 ± 0.08 μmol/L; p < 0.001). SOD activity was highest in the standard drug group and lowest in the diabetic group treated with Theobroma cacao. GSH activity was notably higher in the diabetic groups that received dietary interventions (p < 0.001). Blood glucose levels showed diverse responses, with the standard drug group experiencing a substantial reduction, while the inducing drug group exhibited a consistent increase. Conclusion The study highlights the significant impact of dietary interventions with Theobroma cacao and Camellia sinensis on oxidative stress markers and blood glucose regulation in diabetic Wistar rats. These findings suggest a potential role for these dietary components in mitigating oxidative stress and improving glycemic control in diabetes, although further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Indla
- Department of Anatomy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - K V Rajasekar
- Department of Radiology, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | | | - S Saravana Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Udaya Kumar P
- Department of Anatomy, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, IND
| | - Suresh Babu Sayana
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and General Hospital, Suryapet, IND
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Yücel NT, Asfour AAR, Evren AE, Yazıcı C, Kandemir Ü, Özkay ÜD, Can ÖD, Yurttaş L. Design and synthesis of novel dithiazole carboxylic acid Derivatives: In vivo and in silico investigation of their Anti-Inflammatory and analgesic effects. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107120. [PMID: 38219479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex set of interactions that can occur in tissues as the body's defensive response to infections, trauma, allergens, or toxic compounds. Therefore, in almost all diseases, it can be observed because of primary or secondary reasons. Since it is important to control and even eliminate the symptoms of inflammation in the treatment of many diseases, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs are always needed in the clinic. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs with increased effectiveness and safer side effect profiles is among the popular topics of medicinal chemistry. Therefore, in this study, in order to synthesize and diversify new molecules, we focused on the N,N-dithiazole carboxylic acid core and linked it with the chalcone functional group. The final eleven molecules were analyzed via HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The antinociceptive effects of the test compounds were examined by tail-clip, hot-plate, and formalin methods in mice, while their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by carrageenan-induced inflammation tests in rats. The motor activities of the experimental animals were evaluated using an activity-meter device. Obtained findings revealed that none of the test compounds (10 mg/kg) were effective in the tail-clip and hot-plate tests. However, compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4 h, and 4 k in the serial shortened the paw-licking times of mice in the late phase of the formalin test indicating that these compounds had peripherally-mediated antinociceptive effects. The same compounds, moreover, showed potent anti-inflammatory effects by significantly reducing paw edema of rats in the inflammation tests. To provide an approach to pharmacological findings regarding possible mechanisms of action, the binding modes of the most active compounds were investigated by in silico approaches. The results of molecular docking studies indicated that the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the compounds might be related to the inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes. Findings obtained from in silico studies showed that 4 k, which was chosen as a model for its analogs in the series, forms strong bindings to the basic residues (Arg120, Tyr355), side pocket loop area and deep hydrophobic regions of the enzyme. Moreover, results of the molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that ligand-COX enzyme complexes are quite stable. Obtained results of in vivo and in silico studies are in harmony, and all together point out that compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4 h, and 4 k have significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with good ADME profiles. The potential of the derivatives, whose pharmacological activities were revealed for the first time in this study, as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug candidates, needs to be evaluated through comprehensive clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Abd Al Rahman Asfour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey; Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11100, Turkey.
| | - Cevşen Yazıcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Kandemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11100, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
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Demir EA. Syringic acid alleviates cisplatin-induced ovarian injury through modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and Nrf2 pathway. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 82:127356. [PMID: 38086229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive toxicity is one of the most important side effects of cisplatin (CIS) and leading to discontinuation of treatment. Syringic acid (SA) is a phenolic acid whose industrial use has increased in recent years due to its antioxidant properties. Recent reports highlight the importance of the supressed Nrf2 pathway in the molecular pathogenesis of CIS toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SA on CIS-induced ovotoxicity through the Nrf2 pathway for the first time. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty female rats were divided into 5 groups: control, CIS, CIS+SA (5 and 10 mg/kg) and only SA (per se, 10 mg/kg). CIS was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/kg on the 1st day, injections of SA followed by three consecutive days in the rats. Serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and ovarian oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis and Nrf2 pathway markers were determined colorimetrically. Histopathological examinations of the ovaries with hematoxylin and eosin staining were also used to evaluate CIS-induced ovotoxicity. RESULTS The CIS treatment depleted serum AMH levels, caused histopathological findings and increased OS, inflammation, ERS and apoptosis levels in ovarian tissue. However, treatments with SA significantly ameliorated CIS-induced biochemical and histopathological changes by activating Nrf2 pathway. CONCLUSION The promising adjuvant potential of SA to alleviate CIS-related ovarian damage should be supported by more comprehensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ayazoglu Demir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, 61750 Trabzon, Turkey.
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Ghasemi-Dehnoo M, Amini-Khoei H, Lorigooini Z, AnjomShoa M, Bijad E, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Inhibition of TLR4, NF-κB, and INOS pathways mediates ameliorative effect of syringic acid in experimental ulcerative colitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:795-808. [PMID: 38095803 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous therapeutics and pharmacological properties have been reported in syringic acid (SA). In this study, we aimed to evaluate effect of SA in ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats considering effect on TLR4, NF-κB, and INOS pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 Wistar rats were randomly designated into six groups (n = 8). UC was induced via intra-rectal administration of 7% acetic acid (0.8 ml). SA at doses of 10, 25, 50 mg/kg was administrated through gavage, and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) administrated intra-peritoneally for 5 consecutive days. The macroscopic and histopathological damages as well as expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes along with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the colon tissue were assessed. RESULTS UC led to an increase in the apoptotic and inflammatory genes, NO and MDA levels as well as decrease in TAC level, and SOD and CAT activities (p < 0.05). UC also caused severe damage, edema, inflammation, and necrosis in the colon. SA significantly reduced gene expressions of INOS, TLR4, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Bax. SA ameliorated negative macroscopic and histopathologic effects of UC. SA significantly reduced MDA and NO levels, and increased TAC level and CAT activity in the colon tissue in comparison to the UC rats without treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION SA via attenuation of the TLR4-NF-κB, NF-κB-INOS-NO pathways, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of UC in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemi-Dehnoo
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam AnjomShoa
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Bijad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Kumari N, Anand S, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Sethiya NK, Singhal M. Emerging Role of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7588. [PMID: 38005310 PMCID: PMC10673433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological ailments, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), and other related diseases, have affected around 1 billion people globally to date. PD stands second among the common neurodegenerative diseases caused as a result of dopaminergic neuron loss in the midbrain's substantia nigra regions. It affects cognitive and motor activities, resulting in tremors during rest, slow movement, and muscle stiffness. There are various traditional approaches for the management of PD, but they provide only symptomatic relief. Thus, a survey for finding new biomolecules or substances exhibiting the therapeutic potential to patients with PD is the main focus of present-day research. Medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and natural bioactive molecules have been gaining much more attention in recent years as synthetic molecules orchestrate a number of undesired effects. Several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies in the recent past have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant-based bioactives. Among the plant-based bioactives, polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids are of particular interest due to their potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and brain-health-promoting properties. Further, there are no concise, elaborated articles comprising updated mechanism-of-action-based reviews of the published literature on potent, recently investigated (2019-2023) medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant based-bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids, as a method for the management of PD. Therefore, we designed the current review to provide an illustration of the efficacious role of various medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and bioactives (polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids) that can become potential therapeutics against PD with greater specificity, target approachability, bioavailability, and safety to the host. This information can be further utilized in the future to develop several value-added formulations and nutraceutical products to achieve the desired safety and efficacy for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | | | - Neeraj K. Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Manmohan Singhal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
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Wang F, Wan J, Liao Y, Liu S, Wei Y, Ouyang Z. Dendrobium species regulate energy homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Li X, Gao Y, Li B, Zhao W, Cai Q, Yin W, Zeng S, Li X, Gao H, Cheng M. Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis of D-pinitol function during hippocampal damage in streptozocin-induced aging-accelerated mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1251513. [PMID: 38025258 PMCID: PMC10664147 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1251513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes can cause hippocampal damage and lead to cognitive impairment. Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a chronic complication of diabetes associated with a high disability rate; however, its pathogenesis and therapeutic targets are unclear. We aimed to explore the mechanism of hippocampal damage during diabetes and evaluate the potential role of D-pinitol (DP) in protecting hippocampal tissue and improving cognitive dysfunction. Methods DP (150 mg/kg/day) was administered intragastrically to streptozocin-induced aging-accelerated mice for 8 weeks. Hippocampal tissues were examined using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS-based non-targeted metabolomic analysis. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially regulated metabolites (DRMs) were screened for further analysis, and some DEPs were verified using western blotting. Results Our results showed that 329 proteins had significantly altered hippocampal expression in untreated diabetic mice (DM), which was restored to normal after DP treatment in 72 cases. In total, 207 DRMs were identified in the DM group, and the expression of 32 DRMs was restored to normal post-DP treatment. These proteins and metabolites are involved in metabolic pathways (purine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and histidine metabolism), actin cytoskeleton regulation, oxidative phosphorylation, and Rap1-mediated signaling. Conclusions Our study may help to better understand the mechanism of diabetic hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment and suggest a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Diabetes, The Third People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Health Management Center (East Area), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbin Yin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shudong Zeng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Jinan, China
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Li Q, Guan C, Zhao Y, Duan X, Yang Z, Zhu J. Salicylic acid alleviates Zn-induced inhibition of growth via enhancing antioxidant system and glutathione metabolism in alfalfa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115500. [PMID: 37757624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is considered as one of the heavy metal pollutants in soil affecting agriculture. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that can mitigate effects against various abiotic stresses in plants, however, its exploration to improve Zn stress tolerance in alfalfa plants is still elusive. Thus, in the present study, exogenous SA treatment was conducted on alfalfa plants under Zn stress. The effects of exogenous SA on the physiological effects of alfalfa plants and the expression levels related genes were studied. This study tested the biomass, relative water content, chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic capacity, proline and soluble sugar contents, detected the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), glutathione biosynthesis, and endogenous SA levels, and quantified the genes associated with the antioxidant system and glutathione metabolism-mediated Zn stress. The results showed that exogenous SA could elevate the physiological adaptability of alfalfa plants through enhancing photosynthesis, proline and soluble sugar levels, stimulating antioxidant system and glutathione metabolism, and inducing the transcription level of related genes, thereby diminishing oxidative stress, inhibiting excessive Zn accumulation of alfalfa plants, increasing tolerance to Zn stress, and reducing the toxicity of Zn. Collectively, the application of SA alleviates Zn toxicity in alfalfa plants. The findings gave first insights into the regulatory mechanism of the Zn stress tolerance of alfalfa by exogenous SA and this might have positive implications for managing other plants which are suffering Zn stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Jiehua Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
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14
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Dong Q, Tan Y, Tang G, Wu Z, Li A, Qin X, Li S, Liao H, Xiao J, Huang Q, Yang J, Qin Y. Neuroprotective potentials of ferulic acid against intracerebral hemorrhage COVID-19 through using network pharmacology approach and molecular docking analysis. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100123. [PMID: 37731942 PMCID: PMC10507130 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to severe stroke subtype that may be life-threatening or even cause death. It is clinically observed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be associated with the high mortality in ICH patients. Ferulic acid, one of the functional bioactive ingredients from medicinal herbs, has been preclinically proven with beneficial activities, including neuroprotection and anti-inflammation actions. Based on current findings, we assumed that ferulic acid may play the potentials against COVID-19 when ICH. In this study, preclinical approach including network pharmacology and molecular docking was applied to detect and identify the core targets and pharmacological mechanisms involved in ferulic acid on COVID-19 and ICH. The network pharmacology analysis identified total eleven core targets in ferulic acid and COVID-19/ICH. The molecular mechanisms of ferulic acid against COVID-19 and ICH were mostly involved in induction of antiviral activity, modulation of inflammatory reaction. Molecular docking model revealed that ferulic acid might effectively bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein based on strong binding capability. Current findings reflected the preclinical pharmacological activities of ferulic acid that might use for management of COVID-19 and ICH. Although there are the limitations that are absence of experimental validation, these bioinformatic results underline that ferulic acid may exert simultaneous potentials against COVID-19 and ICH through modulating integrative mechanisms and key biotargets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Dong
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yongxing Tan
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Gangjian Tang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhonghui Wu
- Guilin Boai Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Qin
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Huafeng Liao
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Junxin Xiao
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Qiuye Huang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jiawu Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yujing Qin
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
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15
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Zhou T, Jiang Y, Zeng B, Yang B. The cancer preventive activity and mechanisms of prenylated resveratrol and derivatives. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100113. [PMID: 37519844 PMCID: PMC10382290 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is regarded as neutraceuticals with multiple health benefits. The introduction of prenyl can enhance the bioactivity. In this work, the cancer preventive activities and mechanisms of 18 prenylated reseveratrol and derivatives were investigated. The results showed that prenyl increased the antiproliferative activities of resveratrol, oxyresveratrol and piceatannol against cancer cells, and their antiproliferative activities were time- and dose-dependent. 4-C-prenylation was important for the antiproliferative activity of stilbenoids. The 4-C-prenyl stilbenoids showed better antiproliferative activities than other prenylated stilbenoids. 4-C-prenyl piceatannol showed the best antiproliferative activity. Human hepatoellular carcinomas (HepG2) cell was more sensitive to prenylated stilbenoids than human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell. 4-C-prenyl piceatannol had high affinities to Caspase-3, Caspase-9, CDK2 and Cyclin A2. The possible amino acids involved in binding 4-C-prenyl piceatannol were revealed. The expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were upregulated by 4-C-prenyl piceatannol and the expression of CDK2 and Cyclin A2 in HepG2 cells were downregulated, which contributed to apoptosis. The above results eludicated the possible antiproliferative mechanisms of prenylated stilbenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Bilal W, Khawar MB, Afzal A, Naseer A, Hamid SE, Shahzaman S, Qamar F. Recent advances to Neuroprotection: repurposing drugs against neuroinflammatory disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08490-6. [PMID: 37231215 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is a natural mechanism for biological clearance for the maintenance of homeostasis in a dynamic microenvironment of the central nervous system. Stress and various factors can lead to imbalance between cellular genesis and cell death leading to dysfunctionality and a number of neuropathological disorders. Drug repurposing can help bypass development time and cost. A complete understanding of drug actions and neuroinflammatory pathways can lead to effective control of neurodegenerative disorders. This review covers recent advances in various neuroinflammatory pathways understanding, biomarkers, and drug repurposing for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wishah Bilal
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arshia Naseer
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Eisha Hamid
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shahzaman
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ranjan S, Gautam A. Pharmaceutical prospects of Silymarin for the treatment of neurological patients: an updated insight. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1159806. [PMID: 37274201 PMCID: PMC10232807 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1159806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid complex extricated from dried fruits and seeds of the plant Silybum marianum L. Chemically, it is a mixture of flavonolignan complexes consisting of silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin, a minor quantity of taxifolin, and other polyphenolic compounds, which possess different bio medicinal values. Purpose This review critically looks into the current status, pharmaceutical prospects and limitations of the clinical application of Silymarin for treating neurological disorders. In particular, Silymarin's medicinal properties and molecular mechanisms are focused on providing a better-compiled understanding helpful in its neuro-pharmacological or therapeutic aspects. Methods This review was compiled by the literature search done using three databases, i.e., PubMed (Medline), EMBASE and Science Direct, up to January 2023, using the keywords-Silymarin, neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Type 2 Diabetes, pharmaceutical prospects and treatment. Then, potentially relevant publications and studies (matching the eligible criteria) were retrieved and selected to explain in this review using PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) study flow chart. Result Since its discovery, it has been widely studied as a hepatoprotective drug for various liver disorders. However, in the last 10-15 years, several research studies have shown its putative neuroprotective nature against various brain disorders, including psychiatric, neurodegenerative, cognitive, metabolic and other neurological disorders. The main underlying neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and curing such disorders are the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-neurotrophic and pro-estrogenic nature of the bioactive molecules. Conclusion This review provides a lucid summary of the well-studied neuroprotective effects of Silymarin, its underlying molecular mechanisms and current limitations for its usage during neurological disorders. Finally, we have suggested a future course of action for developing it as a novel herbal drug for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovit Ranjan
- University Department of Zoology, Kolhan University, Chaibasa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Akash Gautam
- Center for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Pereira da Silva V, de Carvalho Brito L, Mesquita Marques A, da Cunha Camillo F, Raquel Figueiredo M. Bioactive limonoids from Carapa guianensis seeds oil and the sustainable use of its by-products. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 4:100104. [PMID: 37020602 PMCID: PMC10068018 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carapa guianensis (Andiroba, Meliaceae) is considered a multipurpose tree. In Brazil, Indigenous people have used it as insect repellent and in the treatment of various diseases. Most biological activities and popular uses are attributed to limonoids, which are highly oxygenated tetranortriterpenoids. More than 300 limonoids have been described in Meliaceae family. Limonoids from Andiroba oil have shown high anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities in vivo, by inhibiting platelet activating factors and many inflammatory mediators such as IL-5, IL-1β and TNF-α. It also reduced T lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells. In corroboration with the wide popular use of Andiroba oil, no significant cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in vivo was reported. This oil promotes apoptosis in a gastric cancer cell line (ACP02) at high concentrations, without showing mutagenic effects, and is suggested to increase the body's nonspecific resistance and adaptive capacity to stressors, exhibit some antioxidant activity, and protect against oxidative DNA damages. Recently, new methodologies of toxicological assays have been applied. They include in chemico, in vitro, in silico and ex vivo procedures, and take place to substitute the use of laboratory animals. Andiroba by-products have been used in sustainable oil production processes and as fertilizers and soil conditioners, raw material for soap production, biodegradable surfactants and an alternative natural source of biodegradable polymer in order to reduce environmental impacts. This review reinforces the relevance of Andiroba and highlights its ability to add value to its by-products and to minimize possible risks to the health of the Amazonian population.
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Syringic Acid Ameliorates Cardiac, Hepatic, Renal and Neuronal Damage Induced by Chronic Hyperglycaemia in Wistar Rats: A Behavioural, Biochemical and Histological Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196722. [PMID: 36235257 PMCID: PMC9573038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of syringic acid (SA) on renal, cardiac, hepatic, and neuronal diabetic complications in streptozotocin-induced neonatal (nSTZ) diabetic rats. STZ (110 mg/kg i.p) was injected into Wistar rat neonates as a split dose (second and third postnatal day). Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in adults by measuring fasting blood glucose levels, urine volume, and food and water intake. The treatment of SA (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg p.o) was given from the 8th to 18th postnatal week. To assess the development of diabetic complications and the effect of therapy, biochemical indicators in serum and behavioural parameters were recorded at specific intervals during the study period. SA (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg p.o) treatment reduced hyperglycaemia, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, relative organ weight, cardiac hypertrophic indices, inflammatory markers, cell injury markers, glycated haemoglobin, histopathological score, and oxidative stress, and increased Na/K ATPase activity. These findings suggest that SA might significantly alleviate diabetic complications and/or renal, neuronal, cardiac, and hepatic damage in nSTZ diabetic rats.
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Gheena S, Ezhilarasan D, Shree Harini K, Rajeshkumar S. Syringic acid and silymarin concurrent administration inhibits sodium valproate-induced liver injury in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2143-2152. [PMID: 35543257 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sodium valproate (SV) is a well-known anti-epileptic drug, also used to control convulsions, bipolar disorders and migraines. SV has been shown to induce liver toxicity in clinical subjects. Syringic acid (SA), a natural polyphenolic compound has potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and several beneficial effects. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated hepatoprotective effect of SA against SV-induced liver injury in rats. Wistar rats were treated with SV orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg, once daily, for 14 days. Another three groups of rats were administered with SV and concurrently treated with SA (40 and 80 mg/kg) and silymarin (SIL) (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. SV administration for 14 days caused significant (p < .001) elevation of liver transaminases and ALP in serum. Liver MDA level was significantly (p < .001) increased with a concomitant decrease (p < .001) in enzymic antioxidants activities in SV administered rats. SV administration also caused the upregulation of proinflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor α, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2 and Interleukin 6 expressions in liver tissue. Histopathological studies also revealed the presence of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocellular necrosis upon SV administration. At both doses, concurrent administration of SA and SIL significantly (p < .001) inhibited the liver transaminase activities in serum, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory markers expression in liver tissue. Our current results suggest that SA can be a promising herbal drug that can inhibit SV-induced hepatotoxicity when administered together due its potential anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumaran Gheena
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthik Shree Harini
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Rajeshkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hu L, Mao S, Lin L, Bai G, Liu B, Mao J. Stress granules in the spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The correlation and promising therapy. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105749. [PMID: 35568100 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing genetic and biochemical evidence has broadened our view of the pathomechanisms that lead to Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), two fatal neurodegenerative diseases with similar symptoms and causes. Stress granules are dynamic cytosolic storage hubs for mRNAs in response to stress exposures, that are evolutionarily conserved cytoplasmic RNA granules in somatic cells. A lot of previous studies have shown that the impaired stress granules are crucial events in SMA/ALS pathogenesis. In this review, we described the key stress granules related RNA binding proteins (SMN, TDP-43, and FUS) involved in SMA/ALS, summarized the reported mutations in these RNA binding proteins involved in SMA/ALS pathogenesis, and discussed the mechanisms through which stress granules dynamics participate in the diseases. Meanwhile, we described the applications and limitation of current therapies targeting SMA/ALS. We futher proposed the promising targets on stress granules in the future therapeutic interventions of SMA/ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiDan Hu
- the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.
| | - Shanshan Mao
- the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Li Lin
- the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Guannan Bai
- the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
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22
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Ogut E, Armagan K, Gül Z. The role of syringic acid as a neuroprotective agent for neurodegenerative disorders and future expectations. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:859-880. [PMID: 35334041 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of millions of people are influenced by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic disorders of the nervous system, dementia, and various neurological disorders. Syringic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound that is found in medicinal herbs and dietary plants. The therapeutic potential of SA is due to its anti-oxidative, chemoprotective, anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-proliferative, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-endotoxic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-depressant properties. However, in recent studies, its neuroprotective effect has drawn attention. The current review focuses on the neuroprotective bioactivities of SA and putative mechanisms of action. An electronic data search was performed using different search engines, and the relevant articles (with or without meta-analysis) with any language were selected. In the central and peripheral nervous system, SA has been shown a significant role in excitatory neurotransmitters and alleviate behavioral dysfunctions. The consensus of the literature search was that SA treatment may help neurological dysfunction or behavioral impairments management with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, administration and proper dose of SA could be crucial factors for the effective treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kutay Armagan
- Medical Faculty Student, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zülfiye Gül
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ogut E, Armagan K, Gül Z. The role of syringic acid as a neuroprotective agent for neurodegenerative disorders and future expectations. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:859-880. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-00960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
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Ferah Okkay I, Okkay U, Gundogdu OL, Bayram C, Mendil AS, Ertugrul MS, Hacimuftuoglu A. Syringic acid protects against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy: Behavioral, biochemical, and molecular evidence. Neurosci Lett 2021; 769:136385. [PMID: 34871743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of syringic acid on thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy which is a complex serious syndrome with neuropsychiatric abnormalities related to acute liver dysfunctions like cirrhosis. Rats were treated with syringic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days in treatment groups. Hepatic encephalopathy was induced by three doses of (200 mg/kg i.p.) thioacetamide injection. Syringic acid effectively alleviated thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury via reduction in ammonia, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and decrease in oxidative stress (decreased MDA, ROS and increased SOD and GSH). Syringic acid also attenuated inflammatory injury by suppressing TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB and increasing IL-10. The caspase-3 expression was also down-regulated in both liver and brain tissues. Immunohistochemical results confirmed the recovery with syringic acid by downregulation of iNOS, 8-OHdG and GFAP expression. Syringic acid decreased the deteriorating effects of thioacetamide as seen by reduced ammonia concentration and also preserved astrocyte and hepatocyte structure. The behavioral test results from elevated plus maze test, similar to the open-field locomotor test results, confirmed that syringic acid can reverse behavioral impairments. In conclusion, syringic acid exerted hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects against hepatic encephalopathy by mitigating hepatotoxicity biomarkers, exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects in addition to suppressing hyperammonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmak Ferah Okkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Okkay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Turkey
| | - Omer Lutfi Gundogdu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Turkey
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Turkey
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Turkey
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