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Joshi P, Pandey P, Rawat S, Chandra S. Repurposing of Drug Bank Compounds against Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase as novel anti malarial drug candidates by Computational approaches. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:60. [PMID: 38978708 PMCID: PMC11227489 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to repurpose Drug Bank Compounds against P. falciparum Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (Pf-DHODH)a potential molecular target for antimalarial drug development due to its vital role in P. falciparum survival. Initially, the MATGEN server was used to screen drugs against Pf-DHODH (PDB ID 6GJG), followed by revalidating the results through docking by Autodock Vina through PyRx. Based on the docking results, three drugs namely, Talnifumate, Sulfaphenazole, and (3S)-N-[(2S)-1-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylamino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide-were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns. Molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that (3S)-N-[(2S)-1-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylamino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide- and Sulfaphenazole may target Pf-DHODH by forming a stable protein-ligand complex as they showed better free binding energy -130.58 kJ/mol, and -79.84 kJ/mol, respectively as compared to the free binding energy 116.255 kJ/mol of the reference compound; 3,6-dimethyl- ~ {N}-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-[1,2]oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine. Although the studied compounds are drugs, still we applied Lipinski's rules and ADMET analysis that reconfirmed that these drugs have favorable drug-like properties. In conclusion, the results of the study show that Talniflumate and Sulfaphenazole may be potential antimalarial drug candidates.The derivatives of these drugs could be designed and tested to develop better drugs against Plasmodium species. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, 263601 Uttarakhand India
| | - Pankaja Pandey
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, 263601 Uttarakhand India
| | - Shilpi Rawat
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, 263601 Uttarakhand India
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, 263601 Uttarakhand India
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Wang W, Chen Y, Fang J, Zhang F, Qu G, Cai Z. Toxicity of substituted p-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their derived novel quinones on aquatic bacterium: Acute effects and mechanistic insights. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133900. [PMID: 38442600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Substituted para-phenylenediamines (PPDs) are synthetic chemicals used globally for rubber antioxidation, with their quinone derivatives (PPD-Qs) raising particular environmental concerns due to their severe toxicity to aquatic organisms. Emerging research has identified a variety of novel PPD-Qs ubiquitously detected in the environment, yet experimental proof for the toxicity of PPD-Qs has not been forthcoming due to the unavailability of bulk standards, leaving substantial gaps in the prioritization and mechanistic investigation of such novel pollutants. Here, we use synthesized chemical standards to study the acute toxicity and underlying mechanism of 18 PPD-Qs and PPDs to the aquatic bacterium V. fischeri. Bioluminescence inhibition EC50 of PPD-Qs ranged from 1.76-15.6 mg/L, with several emerging PPD-Qs demonstrating significantly higher toxicity than the well-studied 6PPD-Q. This finding suggests a broad toxicological threat PPD-Qs pose to the aquatic bacterium, other than 6PPD-Q. Biological response assays revealed that PPD-Qs can reduce the esterase activity, cause cell membrane damage and intracellular oxidative stress. Molecular docking unveiled multiple interactions of PPD-Qs with the luciferase in V. fischeri, suggesting their potential functional impacts on proteins through competitive binding. Our results provided crucial toxicity benchmarks for PPD-Qs, prioritized these novel pollutants and shed light on the potential toxicological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Khan A, Liaqat A, Masood A, Ali SS, Ali L, Alshammari A, Alasmari AF, Mohammad A, Waheed Y, Wei DQ. Exploring the medicinal potential of Dark Chemical Matters (DCM) to design promising inhibitors for PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular screening and simulation approaches. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101775. [PMID: 37719892 PMCID: PMC10504533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing concerns and cases of COVID-19 with the appearance of novel variants i.e., BA.2.75. BA.5 and XBB have prompted demand for more effective treatment options that could overcome the risk of immune evasion. For this purpose, discovering novel small molecules to inhibit druggable proteins such as PLpro required for viral pathogenesis, replication, survival, and spread is the best choice. Compounds from the Dark chemical matter (DCM) database is consistently active in various screening tests and offer intriguing possibilities for finding drugs that are extremely selective or active against uncommon targets. Considering the essential role of PLpro, the current study uses DCMdatabase for the identification of potential hits using in silico virtual molecular screening and simulation approaches to inhibit the current and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Our results revealed the 10 best compounds with docking scores between -7.99 to -7.03 kcal/mol better than the control drug (GRL0617) among which DC 5977-0726, DC 6623-2024, DC C879-0379 and DC D135-0154 were observed as the best hits. Structural-dynamics properties such as dynamic stability, protein packing, and residue flexibility demonstrated the pharmacologically favorable properties of these top hits in contrast to GRL0617. The hydrogen bonding half-life revealed that Asp164, Arg166, Tyr264, and Tyr268 have major contributions to the hydrogen bonding during the simulation. However, some of the important hydrogen bonds were missing in the control drug (GRL0617). Finally, the total binding free energy was reported to be -34.41 kcal/mol for GRL0617 (control), -41.03 kcal/mol for the DC5977-0726-PLpro, for the DC6623-2024-Plpro complex the TBE was -48.87 kcal/mol, for the for DCC879-0379-Plpro complex the TBE was -45.66 kcal/mol while for the DCD135-0154-PLpro complex the TBE was calculated to be -40.09 kcal/mol respectively, which shows the stronger potency of these compounds against PLpro and further in in vivo and in vitro test are required for the possible usage as potential drug against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
- Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Meixi, Nayang, Henan 473006, PR China
| | - Ayesha Liaqat
- King Edward Medical University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Adan Masood
- University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS). Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
- Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Meixi, Nayang, Henan 473006, PR China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
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Prasetyo WE, Kusumaningsih T, Triadmojo B, Anggraini SD, Marliyana SD, Firdaus M. Investigation of the dual role of acyl phloroglucinols as a new hope for antibacterial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents employing integrated in vitro and multi-phase in silico approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15067-15084. [PMID: 36927239 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2186712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid spread of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and more infectious or aggressive variants of SARS-CoV-2, it is critical to develop drugs that can quickly adapt to evolving bacterial and viral mutations. In this study, encouraged by nature, we synthesized a series of phloroglucinol (PG) derivatives, acyl phloroglucinols (ACPLs) 2a-4c by mimicking the structure of the natural antifungal 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol 3a (2,4-DAPG). According to the quantum chemical calculation, these compounds were expected to be exceptionally favourable for intermolecular interaction with protein receptors. Intriguingly, the in vitro study of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, showed that the four ACPLs 3a-4a had good antibacterial activity and selectivity against gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus. These results were then supported by in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) between these potent compounds and the S. aureus FtsA protein (PDB ID: 3WQU). Furthermore, with the aid of the knowledge base Virus-CKB along with the molecular docking study, it was found that the three ACPLs 4a-4c showed potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro (PDB ID: 7CMD). Additionally, 100 ns of MDs was carried out in order to assess the stability behaviour of ACPLs at the docked site. Moreover, in silico ADME/T and drug likeness of all studied ACPLs were also predicted. Finally, shape-based screening of FDA-approved drugs was performed using the most prominent synthesized ACPLs as a template, enabling us to include several medications that could be utilized as antibacterial and antiviral drug candidates.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Eko Prasetyo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Triana Kusumaningsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bram Triadmojo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Septin Dwi Anggraini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Soerya Dewi Marliyana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maulidan Firdaus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
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Prajapati J, Rao P, Poojara L, Acharya D, Patel SK, Goswami D, Rawal RM. A Comprehensive in vitro and in silico Assessment on Inhibition of CYP51B and Ergosterol Biosynthesis by Eugenol in Rhizopus oryzae. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:47. [PMID: 36538133 PMCID: PMC9764306 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycosis, also known as Zygomycosis, is a disease caused by invasive fungi, predominantly Rhizopus species belonging to the Order of Mucorales. Seeing from the chemistry perspective, heterocyclic compounds with an "azole" moiety are widely employed as antifungal agent for minimising the effect of mucormycosis as a prescribed treatment. These azoles serve as non-competitive inhibitors of fungal CYP51B by predominantly binding to its heme moiety, rendering its inhibition. However, long-term usage and abuse of azoles as antifungal medicines has resulted in drug resistance among certain fungal pathogens. Hence, there is an unmet need to find alternative therapeutic compounds. In present study, we used various in vitro tests to investigate the antifungal activity of eugenol against R. oryzae/R. arrhizus, including ergosterol quantification to test inhibition of ergosterol production mediated antifungal action. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value obtained for eugenol was 512 μg/ml with reduced ergosterol concentration of 77.11 ± 3.25% at MIC/2 concentration. Further, the molecular interactions of eugenol with fungal CYP51B were meticulously studied making use of proteomics in silico study including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations that showed eugenol to be strongly interacting with heme in an identical fashion to that shown by azole drugs (in this case, clotrimazole was evaluated). This is the first of a kind study showing the simulation study of eugenol with CYP51B of fungi. This inhibition results in ergosterol synthesis and is also studied and compared with keeping clotrimazole as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh Prajapati
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Priyashi Rao
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Lipi Poojara
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Dhaval Acharya
- Department of Microbiology, B N Patel Institute of Paramedical and Sciences, Anand, Gujarat 388001 India
| | - Saumya K. Patel
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Rakesh M. Rawal
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India ,grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Life Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
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Molecular insights on ar-turmerone as a structural, functional and pharmacophoric analogue of synthetic mosquito repellent DEET by comprehensive computational assessment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15564. [PMID: 36114273 PMCID: PMC9481521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMosquitoes are vectors for a variety of infectious illnesses, and chemical synthetic insecticides have made it possible to control them effectively. Mosquito repellents are a typical means of keeping mosquitos at bay. Because of its main effectiveness of skin permeability, N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is one of the most extensively used mosquito repellents but a dangerous synthetic chemical. DEET was identified about a decade ago to inhibit mosquito's Odorant Binding Protein 1 (OBP1), impairing the mosquito's ability to recognise the host body odour. OBP1 has been identified as a possible target for the development of new mosquito repellents since its discovery. Essential oils from different plants, on the other hand, have been used to repel mosquitos since antiquity. One essential oil from the Curcuma longa (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) rhizome display mosquito repellent properties, according to the literature. Furthermore, one of the phytochemicals found in abundance in C. longa essential oil, ar-turmerone, exhibits mosquito repellency as comparable to synthetic DEET. Till date studies on in-silico interaction of natural ar-turmerone with OBP1, which we depict in our current work are scarce. Further, there exist no published reports demonstrating the literary evidence on detailed insights of interaction of DEET with OBP1 along with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies. We further performed detailed molecular investigations using pharmacophore analysis of ar-turmerone and compared it with DEET, where our findings in the current manuscript unveils for the first time that ar-turmerone is a functional, structural and pharmacophoric analogue of DEET.
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Ferreira GM, Pillaiyar T, Hirata MH, Poso A, Kronenberger T. Inhibitor induced conformational changes in SARS-COV-2 papain-like protease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11585. [PMID: 35803957 PMCID: PMC9270405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2's papain-like protease (PLpro) interaction with ligands has recently been explored with a myriad of crystal structures. We used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study different PLpro-ligand complexes, their ligand-induced conformational changes, and interactions. We focused on inhibitors reported with known IC50 against PLpro, namely GRL-0617, XR8-89, PLP_Snyder530, and Sander's recently published compound 7 (CPD7), and compared these trajectories against the apostructure (Apo), with a total of around 60 µs worth simulation data. We aimed to study the conformational changes using molecular dynamics simulations for the inhibitors in the PLpro. PCA analyses and the MSM models revealed distinct conformations of PLpro in the absence/presence of ligands and proposed that BL2-loop contributes to the accessibility of these inhibitors. Further, bulkier substituents closer to Tyr268 and Gln269 could improve inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro by occupying the region between BL2-groove and BL2-loop, but we also expand on the relevance of exploring multiple PLpro sub-pockets to improve inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Antti Poso
- Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery and Development (TüCAD2), 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Rao P, Goswami D, Rawal RM. Extending the lore of curcumin as dipteran Butyrylcholine esterase (BChE) inhibitor: A holistic molecular interplay assessment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269036. [PMID: 35617284 PMCID: PMC9135230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its origin, the emergence of vector-borne infections has taken a toll on incalculable human lives. The use of chemical insecticides is one of the early known methods of vector control and although their use is still a prevalent way to combat insect population sadly the perils of insects related transmission still persists. Most commonly, the existing insecticides face the wrath of getting resisted repeatedly, paying way to develop resilient, efficient, and cost-effective natural insecticides. In this study, computational screening was performed using homology modelling, E-pharmacophore feature mapping, molecular docking, Density Function Theory (DFT) assessment, Molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) based binding free energy calculations and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation to identify a potential lead phytochemical out of a manually curated library from published literature. The protein target used under this study is insect Butyrylcholine esterase (BChE). Additionally, in vitro insect (Aedes aegypti) BChE inhibition assay was also performed with the top phytochemical identified from in silico assessments. Our research highlights that curcumin leads to inhibition of enzyme BChE of Ae. aegypti. The identified mode of action of curcumin as an insect BChE inhibitor indicates the possibility of its use as an environment friendly and natural futuristic insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyashi Rao
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M Rawal
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,Department of Life science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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