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White RL, Cocker KD, Merom D. Predictors of post-exercise affect: A self-determination theory approach considering physical, social, and psychological factors. Health Promot J Austr 2024. [PMID: 39187295 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown increases in affect after acute exercise. However, the specific aspects of an exercise experience that predict or contribute to post-exercise affect remain relatively unknown. This study aimed to determine which physical (i.e., duration and intensity), contextual (i.e., social context and time of day), and psychological factors (i.e., motivation and need satisfaction) predicted post-exercise affect. METHODS In 2021, 296 gym users self-reported affect before and immediately after exercising at a gym facility. Participants also reported situational motivation towards exercise, need satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), who they exercised with (social interaction), and the duration and perceived intensity of their exercise session. We first conducted a paired samples t-test to identify whether affect significantly increased from before to after exercise, and then a hierarchical regression model to determine which factors predicted post-exercise affect. RESULTS Affect significantly increased from before to after exercise (t[291] = 8.116, p < .001). Autonomous motivation (β = .23, p = <.001), autonomy satisfaction (β = .15, p = <.05), and relatedness satisfaction (β = .19, p = <.01) significantly predicted post-exercise affect, whereas duration, perceived intensity, social interaction, and time of day did not. CONCLUSIONS People should be encouraged to engage in activities that satisfy their need for autonomy and relatedness during leisure-time (i.e., not during the workday). SO WHAT?: This approach to physical activity promotion may lead to better affective outcomes and increased adherence compared to focusing on how long, how intense, or with whom people exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Lee White
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Department of Movement and Sports Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Mulvenna M, Adie JW, Tramontano C. Self-based goals, underlying reasons, performance and discrete emotions among parkrunners. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1017836. [PMID: 37465486 PMCID: PMC10352087 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1017836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A temporal sequence of hypothesized relationships was tested between self-based goals and their underlying reasons → stress appraisals → performance and emotions, among UK parkrunners. A conditional process model was also examined to ascertain the potential moderating role of self-determined reasons in explaining the indirect relationship of self-based goals predicting performance and emotions via stress appraisals. Methods Utilizing a prospective design, 324 parkrunners (Mage = 45.27; SD = 10.73 years) completed online measures of self-based goals, their underlying reasons at 7 days (T1), and stress appraisals at 24 h (T2), prior to their next UK parkrun. Performance data and discrete emotions (pride and shame) were reported 24 h post-parkrun (T3). Results Structural Equation Modeling revealed partial support for the hypothesized model. More specifically, findings suggested that: (1) T1 self-determined reasons underpinning a self-approach goal positively predicted T2 challenge appraisals and T3 pride, (2) T1 self-determined reasons for pursuing a self-avoidance goal corresponded to reduced T3 performance and shame, (3) T2 challenge and threat appraisals were found to positively relate to T3 pride, and (4) the slower parkrunners ran, the more shame they felt post-event. T2 challenge and threat appraisals were found to mediate the relationship between T1 self-determined reasons underlying a self-approach goal and T3 pride. Further analysis failed to support a conditional process model. Discussion Our findings suggest the intensity of pursuing a self-based goal does not matter at all, but underlying self-determined reasons are a key driver influencing stress appraisals, performance and subsequent emotions among parkrunners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Mulvenna
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
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3
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Antunes R, Monteiro D, Silva C, Filipe D, Cordeiro F, Frontini R. Motivation and anxiety during the second COVID-19 lockdown in gym exercisers: The mediating role of affects and satisfaction with life. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 36468169 PMCID: PMC9684858 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the association between motivation (self-determined and non-self-determined motivation), positive and negative affect, life satisfaction and state-anxiety in a sample of gym exercisers, during the 2nd COVID-19 lockdown in Portugal. Also, we aimed to analyze the possible mediating role of positive and negative affect and life satisfaction in the relationship between motivation and levels of state-anxiety. A total of 201 gym participants (30.42 ± 11.22) were enrolled in the present study, of which 116 (57.7%) were women and 85 (42.3%) were men. The survey included sociodemographic data as well as the subsequently validated instruments: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results revealed a positive association between state-anxiety and negative affect (r = .69), controlled motivation (r = .33), and autonomous motivation (r = .25). Still, state-anxiety was negatively associated with positive affect (r = -.40) and with satisfaction with life (r = -.43),. In addition, the results of mediation analysis, revealed inconsistent mediation of positive affect and life satisfaction in the relationship between autonomous motivation and state-anxiety. However, a total mediation was observed through negative affect and life satisfaction in the relationship between controlled motivation and anxiety since the indirect effect (β = .27) is higher than the direct effect (β = .06). Overall, the results reinforce that positive affect and satisfaction with life could act as a possible buffer against state-anxiety in gym exercisers and, thus, should be considered in future interventions and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Antunes
- CIEQV - Life Quality Research Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - D. Monteiro
- CIEQV - Life Quality Research Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - C. Silva
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - D. Filipe
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - F. Cordeiro
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - R. Frontini
- CIEQV - Life Quality Research Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
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4
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Raiola G, D’Isanto T, Di Domenico F, D’Elia F. Effect of Teaching Methods on Motor Efficiency, Perceptions and Awareness in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10287. [PMID: 36011930 PMCID: PMC9408595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, physical inactivity and sedentariness in children are becoming increasingly common, resulting in children’s poor ability to perform basic motor patterns. It is important to find strategies that instructors can adopt to improve awareness of the importance of physical activity for health and wellness, as well as motor efficiency. Two teaching methods can be used: prescriptive teaching and heuristic learning. The aim of this study was to compare these two methods to determine which is the most suitable for developing motor efficiency. An additional aim was to verify the children’s level of enjoyment and self-efficacy through questions on perceptions and, subsequently, on awareness of the activity performed distinctly from perception. The sample consisted of 28 children randomly divided into two groups: HEUR-L, performing activities using heuristic learning, a basic method in ecological approach; and PRES-T, using prescriptive teaching, a basic cognitive method. A motor-efficiency test (TEM) and a survey were administered. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to test differences in motor efficiency. A Chi-square (χ2) test was used to compare differences between groups in terms of perceptions in enjoyment and self-efficacy and, on a second test, awareness of the activity performed. The results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Both teaching methods improved motor efficiency, although HEUR-L did so to a greater extent. Differences in perception were found in terms of enjoyment and self-efficacy (p < 0.05), whereas there was no difference in terms of awareness (p > 0.05). Although both methodologies led to improvements in motor-pattern development, heuristic learning was found to be the most effective method to improve motor efficiency, relationships and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Raiola
- Department of Political and Social Studies, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Tiziana D’Isanto
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Education Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Felice Di Domenico
- Department of Political and Social Studies, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Elia
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Education Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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5
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Investigating and Predicting Intentions to Continue Using Mobile Payment Platforms after the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study among Retailers in India. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm15070314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Indian retail industry has registered tremendous growth recently. The sudden emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the related measures that were taken by the authorities to curb the pandemic have compelled retailers and their consumers to transact using digital platforms. This study investigates the critical precursors to retailers’ behavioral intention to use mobile platforms for their business transactions in the post-pandemic era. This study adopted a framework that combined the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-determination theory (SDT) to predict behavioral intentions. A hybrid approach combining partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques was used to test and validate the proposed framework. Four hundred and ninety-six participants from different central Indian cities participated in the study. PLS-SEM results confirmed that the motivational factors (need satisfaction [NS] and need frustration [NF]) significantly influence the attitude (AT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and behavioral intention (BI). Furthermore, the findings also established the partial mediating effect of AT, SN, and PBC on the relationship between motivational construct (NS and NF) and BI. Finally, the relationship established by SEM was successfully validated by ANN in the existence of a nonlinear relationship in the data. The findings may help retail stakeholders to support retail owners in their pursuit to continue using mobile payment systems in the post-COVID-19 world.
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6
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Adigun OB, Fiegener AM, Adams CM. Testing the relationship between a need thwarting classroom environment and student disengagement. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9160175 DOI: 10.1007/s10212-022-00622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Curt M. Adams
- Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK USA
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7
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Limmeroth J, Braun C. “Some hate it, others love it”: Formation of automatic and reflective affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers and mountain biking. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBased on a dual process approach, this study was conducted to test whether automatic affective processes toward exercise are not only interrelated with the amount of exercise but also distinctive for different types of exercise. In a quasi-experimental setting, N = 60 participants (30.87 years ± 7.53; 33% female) completed an Evaluative Priming task to assess automatic affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers, mountain biking and exercise in general and completed a questionnaire about their exercise behavior and their reflective affective processes toward each type of exercise. The results showed that the automatic affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers differed significantly among the three groups (d = 0.74). Those who regularly exercise in fitness centers (n = 21) provided the most positive automatic affective processes, followed by mountain bikers (n = 16) and those engaging in little or no exercise (n = 23). Automatic affective processes toward mountain biking were nonsignificant between groups (p = 0.30; d = 0.42). All reflective affective processes assessed via questionnaire resulted in significant differences between the three groups, always in favor of those who often perform the respective exercise. Our results show that automatic affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers are distinctive for the preference for this type of exercise. Furthermore, they underline the importance of choosing an adequate measurement technique to assess automatic affective processes toward exercise, especially if these processes should be indicative for the preference of different types of exercise.
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8
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Kim MJ, Lee EN. A Prediction Model of Exercise Level in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Korean Acad Nurs 2022; 52:157-172. [DOI: 10.4040/jkan.21238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ja Kim
- Department of Nursing, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Nam Lee
- Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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9
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Rodrigues F, Teixeira D, Macedo R, Neiva H, Cid L, Monteiro D. [The role of enjoyment and motivational determinants in persistence in the practice of physical exercise]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:5303-5313. [PMID: 34787221 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212611.3.01832020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this paper was to analyze the impact of motivational determinants in enjoyment and persistence in physical exercise among practitioners of physical exercise. In total, 967 gym and health club exercise practitioners aged between 18 and 65 (M=45.08; SD=13.76) were recruited for analysis. All participants had more than six months of regular exercise practice. Participants completed and validated scales in the exercise context duly translated into Portuguese, assessing interpersonal behaviors, basic psychological needs, and behavioral regulation. Persistence was measured using computerized records considering persistent exercisers as being those who were exercising at similar frequencies as those self-reported at the initial assessment. Results showed that the measurement and structural model fit the data. Several significant effects were found supporting previous literature. Indirect effects showed enjoyment to play a crucial role on exercise persistence, both by the significant effect via autonomous and controlled motivation. In essence, activities that give pleasure that gym and health club exercisers experience during the practice of physical exercise can be the key variable of long-term persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior. Av. Dr. Mário Soares 110. 4020-413 Rio Maior Portugal.
| | | | - Rita Macedo
- Centro de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociais do Politécnico do Porto. Porto Portugal
| | | | - Luís Cid
- Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior. Av. Dr. Mário Soares 110. 4020-413 Rio Maior Portugal.
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10
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The dualistic model of passion in adapted sport: a double-serial mediation analysis on satisfaction with life. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Teixeira DS, Rodrigues F, Machado S, Cid L, Monteiro D. Did You Enjoy It? The Role of Intensity-Trait Preference/Tolerance in Basic Psychological Needs and Exercise Enjoyment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:682480. [PMID: 34177737 PMCID: PMC8222508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting exercise regimens that aim at enhancing the quality of individuals’ subjective exercise experience can be challenging. Given the recent theoretical contributions regarding the possible interaction of exercise intensity-traits and several motivational variables, as well as their potential value for exercise adherence, the objective of this study was to examine the mediation role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity and enjoyment. This cross-sectional study comprised a total of 160 exercisers (Mage = 34.12, SD = 9.23, 73 males) enrolled in several health clubs. All analyses were performed using SPSS v. 23.0/PROCESS v. 3.4. The results indicate that intensity-traits presented positive associations with enjoyment, and negative associations with all of needs frustration variables. A mediation role of needs frustration emerged in the intensity-traits and enjoyment associations that was analyzed according to relatable theoretical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo S Teixeira
- Universidade Lusófona, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lisbon, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarem), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Cid
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarem), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.,ESECS - Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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12
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Rodrigues F, Cid L, Teixeira D, Monteiro D. Re-Applying the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale to Various Portuguese Exercise Groups: An Analysis of Bifactor Models and Contextual Invariance. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1660-1683. [PMID: 34000895 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211016803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research explored the nature of basic psychological needs in physical activity settings by applying relatively advanced methodological procedures for psychometric assessment. We first re-examined the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) by reviewing its applicability for physical activity domains among Portuguese respondents. We demonstrated the use of Bifactor Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and discussed the practical implications of these models. Next, we tested contextual measurement invariance in order to examine needs universality. Our participants were gym exercisers (n = 1935), physical education students (n = 1449), and athletes (n = 1631), all of whom completed the adapted and validated version of the scale in their respective practice physical activity domains. All models under analysis displayed acceptable to excellent fit; the bifactor ESEM model displayed the best fit. We conducted ancillary bifactor measures to assess scale dimensionality and found that the BPNES is best interpreted as a multidimensional instrument. Through testing for multigroup analysis, the bifactor ESEM did not show contextual invariance. In conclusion, the BPNES should be predominantly used as a multidimensional instrument when assessing basic needs in separate physical activity domains. Basic psychological needs are perceived differently between seemingly similar physical activity contexts. Researchers should measure basic needs as a global factor and use context validated sub-scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Sport Science School of (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Luis Cid
- Sport Science School of (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.,ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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13
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Rodrigues F, Macedo R, Teixeira DS, Cid L, Travassos B, Neiva H, Monteiro D. The Co-Occurrence of Satisfaction and Frustration of Basic Psychological Needs and Its Relationship with Exercisers' Motivation. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 155:165-185. [PMID: 33539232 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2020.1862738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the relationship between both need frustration and, particularly, need satisfaction and different motivational regulations for exercise has been widely examined in the literature, little is known about the co-occurrence of both need satisfaction and need frustration in the exercise context. Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study aimed to examine the effects of both need satisfaction and frustration on motivational regulations for exercise, by applying a response surface analysis approach. In total, 477 regular exercisers aged 18-54 years participated in this study. The interaction between needs (high on both need satisfaction and frustration) displayed a positive and significant association with amotivation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic motivation. Considering the direction of the discrepancy (high vs. low levels of need satisfaction and frustration) related to the behavioral regulations, results showed that higher need satisfaction relative to need frustration was associated with more self-determined regulations of motivation. Contrarily, higher need satisfaction relative to need frustration was associated with lower scores on amotivation, external, introjected, and identified regulation. Overall, these findings extend previous literature, suggesting that need satisfaction and frustration are distinct factors that can be experienced simultaneously in individuals during exercise and that different degrees of both needs have different associations with behavioral regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- University of Beira Interior (UBI).,Polytechnic Institute of Santarém Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior.,Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development.,Life Quality Research Centre
| | | | - Diogo Santos Teixeira
- Lusófona University of Humanities and Technology (ULHT).,Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER)
| | - Luis Cid
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior.,Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development
| | - Bruno Travassos
- University of Beira Interior (UBI).,Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development
| | - Henrique Neiva
- University of Beira Interior (UBI).,Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development.,ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria
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14
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Rodrigues F, Macedo R. Exercise Promotion: Reviewing the Importance of Health Professionals' Interpersonal Behaviors on Exercisers' Basic Psychological Needs. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 128:800-812. [PMID: 33357091 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520983078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the impact of exercisers' perceptions of health professionals' interpersonal behaviors on exercisers' exercise adherence. From these studies, there is increased interest in developing and evaluating programs to improve health professionals' communication skills and interpersonal behavior. In this narrative review, we provide examples of self-determination theory and newer modifications to it, discuss the empirical conditions that foster optimal exerciser motivation, consider the antecedent factors influencing health professionals' behaviors, and offer practical suggestions to health professionals seeking to promote regular exercise practice. Since exercisers perceive and differentiate health professionals' need-supportive, need-thwarting, and need-passive behaviors, health professionals who can critically and consciously distinguish these different types of behavior are more likely to foster supportive climates and suppress the use of need-thwarting and need-indifferent behaviors. The interpersonal interaction between health professionals and exercisers strongly influences how exercisers will regulate their behavior toward persistent exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Rita Macedo
- Center for Organizational and Social Studies of P. PORTO, Porto, Portugal
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15
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L Chamorro J, Alcaraz S, Sánchez-Oliva D, García-Calvo T, Torregrossa M. Fuelling the passion: Psychological needs and behavioural regulations as antecedents of passion for football. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:653-662. [PMID: 33106083 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1840056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the motivational antecedents of passion for sport by testing a model where players' satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs was expected to predict their harmonious and obsessive passions through the mediation of autonomous and controlled motivations. Four-hundred eighty-seven elite U18 male football players (Mage = 17.43, SD = 0.71) completed measures of psychological need satisfaction, behavioural regulations and passion for sport. Measurement models were defined using exploratory structural equation models. The results support the model where autonomous and controlled regulations partially mediate the relationship between psychological needs and passion. In this model, the need for relatedness positively and directly predicts harmonious passion and indirectly predicts obsessive passion, which supports its key role in discriminating between the two types of passion. Moreover, autonomy and competence satisfaction present direct and indirect effects on both types of passions. Finally, autonomous regulations positively predict obsessive and harmonious passion, although the strength of the relationship was stronger for the latter. In sum, our results highlight that (a) satisfaction of each need is crucial to promote harmonious passion and (b) both autonomous and controlled regulations contribute to the understanding of how passion is developed in football.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Chamorro
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saul Alcaraz
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Torregrossa
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Moreno-Murcia JA, Borges-Silva F. Interpersonal motivating style, basic psychological needs and reasons for fitness practice. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:310-316. [PMID: 32975392 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to check the relationship between the teacher's interpersonal style with the basic psychological needs and the reasons for practice in fitness. METHODS We use a sample of 701 people (250 men and 451 women) fitness people (M=32.80, DT=10.97). The instructor's interpersonal style (support autonomy and controller style), the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and the reasons for practice were measured. RESULTS The interpersonal style of autonomy support was much more valued than the controller style. The most valued practice reasons were health, ability, and image. After the linear regression analysis, it was observed that the basic psychological needs positively predicted the interpersonal style of autonomy support and negatively the controller style. In the same way, the reason for practicing health and ability predicted the interpersonal style of support autonomy, and social recognition in a negative way. While the reason for practicing social recognition was the only factor that predicted the controller interpersonal style. CONCLUSIONS The results support that the most self-determined practices are associated with support autonomy in fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Borges-Silva
- Faculty of Sports, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain -
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17
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The Dark Side of Motivational Practices in Exercise Professionals: Mediators of Controlling Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155377. [PMID: 32722573 PMCID: PMC7432316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to the Self-Determination Theory, perceived job pressures can coerce professionals to develop more controlled motivations towards their work, and consequently increase the probability of using controlling motivational strategies. This study sought to analyze work-related motivations as mediators between two types of perceived job pressures: organizational constraints and perceptions of clients' controlled motivation and the use of controlling motivational strategies by exercise professionals. Using a cross-sectional design, involving 366 exercise professionals (172 women), mediation paths were assessed following Preacher and Hayes statistical procedures. Models were adjusted for gender, work experience (years), and the internal tendency to feel events as pressuring. Organizational constraints were associated with lower autonomous motivation for work and the use of controlling strategies. Perceptions of clients' controlled motivation were associated with work-related amotivation and the use of controlling strategies. Amotivation mediated the association between organizational constraints and controlling strategies. Overall, results support theoretical predictions and previous research, extending it to the exercise domain, highlighting the interplay between job pressures, work-related motivations, and the use of controlling strategies. The understanding of what influences exercise professionals' motivation, and consequently the motivational strategies they use, is of paramount importance for exercise promotion and the benefit of those who seek their expert guidance.
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18
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Monteiro D, Cid L, Teixeira DS, Fonseca T, Duarte-Mendes P, Silva LM, Rodrigues F. Understanding Needs Satisfaction and Frustration in Young Athletes: Factor Structure and Invariance Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114046. [PMID: 32517120 PMCID: PMC7312040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Sports research has been focused on the assessment of basic needs satisfaction, considering its absence as a representation of needs frustration. However, recent findings have suggested needs satisfaction and frustration as asymmetrical factors leading to differentiated outcomes. An accurate measurement of needs poses itself as a crucial aspect, facilitating coaches’ understanding of athlete’s motivational processes. This study aimed to examine the psychometric proprieties of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in a sample of Portuguese athletes. A multigroup analysis was conducted of gender, sport type, age, and years of sports practice. Additionally, needs satisfaction and needs frustration were tested as predictors of behavioral regulations examining the nomological validity of the BPNSFS. Data from 594 Portuguese athletes (38.6% female; Mage = 15.21; SD = 0.97) that represent two different sports (football and swimming) were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling procedures were followed to test the factor structure and nomological validity of the scale, respectively. Analyses indicated that the six-factor model provided an adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.947, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.936, Standardized Root Mean Square = 0.039, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.048 (CI 90% = 0.043, 0.054)). Moreover, the multigroup analysis suggested invariance in the observed structure across groups. In addition, findings indicated a strong prediction between needs satisfaction and autonomous forms of motivation, whereas needs frustration predicted significantly controlled forms of motivation. The sport-adapted BPNSFS in a sample of Portuguese athletes seemed to be an adequate measure for the assessment of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration. Our findings suggested that this scale may be worth testing in future research in the sport context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Monteiro
- Sport Science Scholl of Rio Maior—Polytechnique Institute of Santarém (ESDRM—IPS), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (L.C.); (F.R.)
- Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Luís Cid
- Sport Science Scholl of Rio Maior—Polytechnique Institute of Santarém (ESDRM—IPS), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (L.C.); (F.R.)
- Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo S. Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University (FEFD—ULHT), 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Fonseca
- Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (IPG), 6300-035 Guarda, Portugal;
- Centro de Investigação Formação Inovação e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI2D), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Polytechnique Institute of Castelo-Branco (IPCB), 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal;
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU—IPCB), 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Luís M. Silva
- Kinesiolab, Piaget Institute, 2805-059 Almada, Portugal;
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska—Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal
- CLISSIS, Lusíada University of Lisbon, 1349-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- Sport Science Scholl of Rio Maior—Polytechnique Institute of Santarém (ESDRM—IPS), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (L.C.); (F.R.)
- Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal
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19
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Understanding Exercise Adherence: The Predictability of Past Experience and Motivational Determinants. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10020098. [PMID: 32059352 PMCID: PMC7071831 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unresolved debate lingers over the effect of past behavior on motivational patterns and future behavior stability in the exercise context. Theorists argue that past behavior has a residual effect on future behavior; however, empirical studies have shown that past behavior displays significant power in predicting behavior recurrence in the future. The present research aimed to examine the effect of past behavior and motivational determinants on future exercise adherence. METHODS Data from 437 Portuguese gym exercisers (female = 235; male = 202) aged between 18 and 53 years (M = 31.14; SD = 9.47), with exercise experience ranging from 6 to 12 months (M = 9.41; SD = 1.33) were considered for research. Participants completed a multi-section survey measuring interpersonal behaviors, basic psychological needs, behavioral regulations, and intentions. Data from past behavior and future exercise adherence were collected using computerized records of their attendance at the gym. RESULTS Positive and significant correlations paths were evidenced among perceived supportive behaviors, needs satisfaction, autonomous motivation, intentions and future exercise adherence. Similar results were presented among perceived thwarting behaviors, needs frustration, and controlled motivation. Regression paths showed that perceived supportive behavior, basic needs satisfaction, and autonomous motivation displayed positive and significant effects on future behaviors; thus, past behavior displayed the highest coefficient on future exercise adherence. Fitness professionals should aim at creating supportive environments, thus, improving the likelihood of being perceived by exercisers as need-supportive individuals. By doing so, as a result, exercisers would experience increased levels of autonomous motivation and higher rates of future exercise attendance at the gym. Hence, exercisers will gradually form their positive past exercise experience, increasing the probability of engaging in an exercise in the future.
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20
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Vansteenkiste M, Ryan RM, Soenens B. Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Rodrigues F, Teixeira DS, Neiva HP, Cid L, Monteiro D. The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:787-800. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Department of Sports Science Beira Interior University Covilhã Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD) Vila Real Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM‐IPSantarém) Rio Maior Portugal
| | | | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sports Science Beira Interior University Covilhã Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD) Vila Real Portugal
| | - Luís Cid
- Research Center in Sport Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD) Vila Real Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM‐IPSantarém) Rio Maior Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD) Vila Real Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM‐IPSantarém) Rio Maior Portugal
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22
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Teixeira DS, Pelletier LG, Monteiro D, Rodrigues F, Moutão J, Marinho DA, Cid L. Motivational patterns in persistent swimmers: A serial mediation analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:660-669. [PMID: 31578934 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1675768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The main objective of the present study was to examine the associations between coach-created task-involving climate and athletes' intentions to continue practicing sport, through a serial mediation analysis that included basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPN), self-determined motivation (SDM) and enjoyment. Methods: Seven-hundred and ninety-nine elite swimmers (450 males, 349 females; aged 12-22 years, M = 16.65, SD = 2.83) participated in the present study. Groups were created according to age, years of experience, and gender. Results: Serial mediation analysis provided support for the proposed model where BPN's and enjoyment represent the most important mediators between task-involving climate and athletes' intentions to continue sport practice. Conclusion: Enjoyment stands out as the most relevant predictor of intention to persist and as a significant mediator in the relation between task-involvement climate, BPN, SDM, and long-term sports practice. The task-involving climate created by coaches appears to set in motion a sequence where the satisfaction of basic needs and SDM lead to more enjoyment and increased persistence among young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L G Pelletier
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D Monteiro
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - F Rodrigues
- Sports Science Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J Moutão
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - D A Marinho
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Sports Science Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - L Cid
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
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23
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Uysal A, Aykutoglu B, Ascigil E. Basic psychological need frustration and health: Prospective associations with sleep quality and cholesterol. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-019-09806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Rodrigues F, Teixeira DS, Cid L, Machado S, Monteiro D. The role of dark‐side of motivation and intention to continue in exercise: A self‐determination theory approach. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:585-595. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Department of Sport Sciences University of Beira Interior Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development CIDESD Portugal
| | | | - Luis Cid
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development CIDESD Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior Polytechnique Institute of Santarém Rio Maior Portugal
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience (LABNAF) Physical Activity Sciences Post‐Graduate Program Salgado de Oliveira University Brazil
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration (LABPR) Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) Brazil
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group Brazil
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development CIDESD Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior Polytechnique Institute of Santarém Rio Maior Portugal
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25
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Rodrigues F, Teixeira DS, Cid L, Monteiro D. Have you been exercising lately? Testing the role of past behavior on exercise adherence. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:1482-1493. [PMID: 31552769 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319878243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the effect of past behavior on future behavior, considering the motivational sequence proposed by the self-determination theory. The total sample was formed by 293 exercisers aged between 18 and 65 (M = 36.57 ± SD = 11.25) years. Participants completed a multi-section survey of motivational, emotional and cognitive-related variables, and exercise adherence was measured using computer records. Past behavior was found to offset the direct effect of intention on future behavior and the indirect effect of all other variables under analysis on intention, acting as a "buffer" variable for experienced gym members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- University of Beira Interior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Portugal
| | | | - Luís Cid
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Portugal
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26
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Need satisfaction and need frustration as distinct and potentially co-occurring constructs: Need profiles examined in physical education and sport. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-019-09798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We explored the combined relationships between need satisfaction and need frustration and their simultaneous associations with motivation, well-being, and ill-being. Data from two cross-sectional samples that represent different physical activity contexts, physical education (N = 274; Mage = 14.18 ± 1.42 years) and leisure-time sport (N = 160; Mage = 22.98 ± 8.79 years), are reported. The identification of distinctive subgroups (need profiles) which had unique associations with motivation, well-being, and ill-being provided evidence for the distinct, yet co-occurring nature of need satisfaction and need frustration and the asymmetrical relationship between need satisfaction and need frustration. Our results suggest that experiencing need satisfaction without need frustration was the most adaptive need profile. Experiences of need satisfaction partly countered the effects of need frustration on motivation, well-being, and ill-being. The current study enhances our understanding of people’s psychological need experiences, motivation, and psychological health though highlighting the importance of examining need satisfaction and need frustration in combination rather than isolation.
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27
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Rodrigues F, Hair JF, Neiva HP, Teixeira DS, Cid L, Monteiro D. The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Exercise (BPNSFS-E): Validity, Reliability, and Gender Invariance in Portuguese Exercisers. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:949-972. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512519863188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale for Portuguese exercisers. In addition, we sought to analyze gender invariance. We collected data from two independent samples of Portuguese respondents—a calibration sample with 316 participants and a validation sample with 632 participants. Results from confirmatory factor analysis supported the original six-factor model in both the calibration sample, χ2(237) = 471.814, χ2/ df = 1.99; B–S p < .001, Comparative Fit Index = .935, Tucker–Lewis Index =.924, standard mean root square residual = .047, root mean square error of approximation = .057 (90% confidence interval = [.050, .065]), and the validation sample, χ2(237) = 571.796, χ2/ df = 2.41; B–S p < .001, Comparative Fit Index = .948, Tucker–Lewis Index = .940, standard mean root square residual = .038, root mean square error of approximation = .047 (90% confidence interval = [.042, .052]). Moreover, our analysis revealed acceptable internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity of the translated version, and invariance between the two samples and between genders, as differences across latent means showed that magnitude effects were trivial between samples and between male and female exercisers. These results support the use of the adapted scale among both male and female exercisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Department of Sports Science, Beira Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Henrique P. Neiva
- Department of Sports Science, Beira Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Luís Cid
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Portugal
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28
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Initial validation of the Portuguese version of the Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ & IBQ-Self) in the context of exercise: Measurement invariance and latent mean differences. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Rodrigues F, Teixeira DS, Cid L, Monteiro D. Promoting Physical Exercise Participation: The Role of Interpersonal Behaviors for Practical Implications. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:jfmk4020040. [PMID: 33467355 PMCID: PMC7739331 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people engaging in physical exercise has been decreasing every year. These behaviors are known to be related with non-communicable chronic diseases and to drastically increase premature morbidity and mortality. Since "the lack of motivation" has been pointed out as one of the main reasons for not engaging in physical exercise, several theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted aimed at understanding what influences behavior regulation. According to literature, gym exercisers who perceive exercise instructors as supportive are more likely to maintain physical exercise participation over the long-run. Supporting autonomy, competence, and relatedness should be carefully considered when interacting with health club clients as a way to promote more autonomous motivation. Overall, it seems that exercise instructors should foster a supportive environment for gym exercisers, in order to encourage exercise as a habitual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Department of Sports Science, University da Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Diogo S. Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport (ULHT), Lusófona University, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Luís Cid
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
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30
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Li C, Ivarsson A, Lam LT, Sun J. Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration, Stress, and Sports Injury Among University Athletes: A Four-Wave Prospective Survey. Front Psychol 2019; 10:665. [PMID: 30971990 PMCID: PMC6443898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sports injury among athletes is rather high, suggesting the need to better understand the causes of sports injury, including the risk factors, for preventive purposes. Grounded in basic psychological needs theory (BPNT) and the Model of Stress and Athletic Injury, the aim of this four-wave prospective survey study was to investigate the relationships among basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, stress responses, and sports injury. Study variables, including basic psychological need satisfaction/frustration, and perceived stress, were measured using a survey from 112 university athletes at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months of the study. Sports injury was assessed using a self-report form at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th months of study. Results of the Bayesian multilevel analysis showed that basic psychological need satisfaction negatively predicted sports injuries, whereas stress was a positive predictor. In addition, basic psychological need satisfaction had an indirect effect on injury occurrence via stress. However, basic psychological need frustration did not predict sports injury. BPNT is a viable model to provide additional explanations to psychological risk factors of injury. Intervention programs may be formulated based on the evidence obtained on the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Lawrence T Lam
- Tung Wah College, King's Park, Hong Kong.,Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Jian Sun
- Faculty of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Rodrigues F, Bento T, Cid L, Pereira Neiva H, Teixeira D, Moutão J, Almeida Marinho D, Monteiro D. Can Interpersonal Behavior Influence the Persistence and Adherence to Physical Exercise Practice in Adults? A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2141. [PMID: 30459690 PMCID: PMC6232376 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Motivation seems to be a fundamental indicator of long-term physical exercise adherence. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) argues that social environment plays a central role in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, which might directly affect the quality of one's motivation. Individuals who appear to be more self-determined tend to persist longer at certain behaviors. Therefore, this body of work intends to analyze the relationship between motivational variables and behavioral outcomes in the exercise context, having as theoretical background the Self-Determination Theory. Methods: This systematic review was conducted through an electronic search on Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO. Data such as instruments, main predictors and results were collected from studies published between 1985 and 2018. A total of 35 empirical studies were considered for a detailed analysis. Results: Results showed the relevance of autonomy support performed by exercise professionals, as well as the major contribution that these behaviors have toward the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, besides the inherent benefits of developing more autonomous regulations. According to the literature, few studies have analyzed interpersonal thwarting behavior and the way this relates to basic psychological needs' frustration. Nether less, there seems to be a negative relationship between less self-determined regulations and exercise practice. Conclusion: Despite the existence of numerous cross-sectional studies that demonstrate positive correlations between SDT and behavioral outcomes in the exercise context, longitudinal research that analyzes all six dimensions of interpersonal behaviors and their relationship with persistence and adherence to exercise proves to be crucial. However, according to this review, interventions based on SDT appear to be fundamental when it comes to promote the maintenance of a long-term exercise practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Department of Sports Sciences, Beira-Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Bento
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Luís Cid
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sports Sciences, Beira-Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport (ULHT), Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Moutão
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida Marinho
- Department of Sports Sciences, Beira-Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
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