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Bouzroud S, Henkrar F, Fahr M, Smouni A. Salt stress responses and alleviation strategies in legumes: a review of the current knowledge. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:287. [PMID: 37520340 PMCID: PMC10382465 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors limiting legumes development and productivity. Salt stress disturbs all developmental stages of legumes and affects their hormonal regulation, photosynthesis and biological nitrogen fixation, causing nutritional imbalance, plant growth inhibition and yield losses. At the molecular level, salt stress exposure involves large number of factors that are implicated in stress perception, transduction, and regulation of salt responsive genes' expression through the intervention of transcription factors. Along with the complex gene network, epigenetic regulation mediated by non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation events are also involved in legumes' response to salinity. Different alleviation strategies can increase salt tolerance in legume plants. The most promising ones are Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobia, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, seed and plant's priming. Genetic manipulation offers an effective approach for improving salt tolerance. In this review, we present a detailed overview of the adverse effect of salt stress on legumes and their molecular responses. We also provide an overview of various ameliorative strategies that have been implemented to mitigate/overcome the harmful effects of salt stress on legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bouzroud
- Equipe de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Henkrar
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
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Song Y, Lv J, Qiu N, Bai Y, Yang N, Dong W. The constitutive expression of alfalfa MsMYB2L enhances salinity and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:300-305. [PMID: 31202194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MYB-type transcription factors are known to participate in the response of plants to a number of stress agents. MsMYB2L is an alfalfa member of this large gene family. Its transcription in alfalfa seedlings was found to be rapidly and strongly induced by salinity, moisture deficiency and exogenously supplied abscisic acid. An analysis based on a yeast one hybrid assay indicated that its product is able to activate transcription, consistent with its function as a transcription factor. When the gene was constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, both germination and seedling growth were more sensitive to ABA treatment than wild type, and growth was less strongly compromised by salinity and moisture deficiency stress, presumably as a result of the induction of certain stress-related genes active in ABA-dependent pathways. The transgenic seedlings' enhanced the synthesis of many osmotic regulatory substances such as proline and soluble sugar, and decreased the lipid peroxidation. In all, MsMYB2L represents a potential candidate gene for manipulating the salinity and drought tolerance of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Song
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Jiao Lv
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Nianwei Qiu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yunting Bai
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China.
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Dong W, Liu X, Li D, Gao T, Song Y. Transcriptional profiling reveals that a MYB transcription factor MsMYB4 contributes to the salinity stress response of alfalfa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204033. [PMID: 30252877 PMCID: PMC6155508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB transcription factors are important regulators of the plant response to abiotic stress. Their participation in the salinity stress of the key forage legume species alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was investigated here by comparing the transcriptomes of the two cultivars Dryland (DL) and Sundory (SD), which differed with respect to their ability to tolerate salinity stress. When challenged by the stress, DL plants were better able than SD ones to scavenge reactive oxygen species. A large number of genes encoding transcription regulators, signal transducers and proteins involved in both primary and secondary metabolism were differentially transcribed in the two cultivars, especially when plants were subjected to salinity stress. The set of induced genes included 17 MYB family of transcription factors, all of which were subsequently isolated. The effect of constitutively expressing these genes on the salinity tolerance expressed by Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. The introduction of MsMYB4 significantly increased the plants’ salinity tolerance in an abscisic acid-dependent manner. A sub-cellular localization experiment and a transactivation assay indicated that MsMYB4 was deposited in the nucleus and was able to activate transcription in yeast. Based on this information, we propose that the MsMYB4 products is likely directly involved in alfalfa’s response to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Xijiang Liu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Donglei Li
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Tianxue Gao
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Yuguang Song
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, P.R.China
- * E-mail:
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Song T, Xu H, Sun N, Jiang L, Tian P, Yong Y, Yang W, Cai H, Cui G. Metabolomic Analysis of Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Root-Symbiotic Rhizobia Responses under Alkali Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1208. [PMID: 28744296 PMCID: PMC5504246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline salts (e.g., NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) causes more severe morphological and physiological damage to plants than neutral salts (e.g., NaCl and Na2SO4) due to differences in pH. The mechanism by which plants respond to alkali stress is not fully understood, especially in plants having symbotic relationships such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Therefore, a study was designed to evaluate the metabolic response of the root-nodule symbiosis in alfalfa under alkali stress using comparative metabolomics. Rhizobium-nodulized (RI group) and non-nodulized (NI group) alfalfa roots were treated with 200 mmol/L NaHCO3 and, roots samples were analyzed for malondialdehydyde (MDA), proline, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) content. Additionally, metabolite profiling was conducted using gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). Phenotypically, the RI alfalfa exhibited a greater resistance to alkali stress than the NI plants examined. Physiological analysis and metabolic profiling revealed that RI plants accumulated more antioxidants (SOD, POD, GSH), osmolytes (sugar, glycols, proline), organic acids (succinic acid, fumaric acid, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid), and metabolites that are involved in nitrogen fixation. Our pairwise metabolomics comparisons revealed that RI alfalfa plants exhibited a distinct metabolic profile associated with alkali putative tolerance relative to NI alfalfa plants. Data provide new information about the relationship between non-nodulized, rhizobium-nodulized alfalfa and alkali resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Na Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Liu Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Pu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yueyuan Yong
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Hua Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Cai
| | - Guowen Cui
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Guowen Cui
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Guan QJ, Ma HY, Wang ZJ, Wang ZY, Bu QY, Liu SK. A rice LSD1-like-type ZFP gene OsLOL5 enhances saline-alkaline tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, yeast and rice. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:142. [PMID: 26920613 PMCID: PMC4769587 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) play an important role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. However, little is known about the function of LSD1-like-type ZFP in saline-alkaline (SA) stress resistance of rice. In this study, OsLOL5 (GenBank No. AJ620677), containing two LSD1-like-type C2C2 domains, was isolated and analyzed its protection roles in transgenic plants and yeast. OsLOL5 was located in the nucleus as evidenced by the bombardment of onion epidermal cells. Results OsLOL5 expression significantly increased in rice leaves and roots under 150 mmol L-1 NaCl, 30 mM NaHCO3, and 10 mmol L-1 H2O2 treatment, respectively. Overexpression of OsLOL5 in yeast resulted in SA tolerance at significant level. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing OsLOL5 grew well in the presence ofboth NaCl and NaHCO3 treatments, whereas wild-type plants exhibited chlorosis, stunted growth phenotype, and even death. SA stress caused significant changes in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in non-transgenic plants compared with those in transgenic lines. Transgenic rice overexpressing OsLOL5 exhibited stronger resistance than NT under NaHCO3 treatment, as demonstrated by its greater shoot length, and fresh weight. The genes associated with oxidative stress, such as OsAPX2, OsCAT, OsCu/Zn-SOD, and OsRGRC2, were significantly upregulated in OsLOL5-overexpressing rice. The results suggested that OsLOL5 improved SA tolerance in plants, and regulated oxidative and salinity stress retardation via the active oxygen detoxification pathway. Conclusions The yeast INVScI bacterium grew significantly better than the control strain under NaCl, NaHCO3, and H2O2 treatments. These findings illustrated that OsLOL5 overexpression enhanced yeast resistance for SA stress through active oxygen species. The present study showed that the OsLOL5 genes involved in the ROS signaling pathways may combine with the model plant Arabidopsis and rice in LDS1-type ZFP by ROS signaling pathways that regulate cell necrosis. We speculated that the OsLOL5 active oxygen scavenging system may have coordinating roles. The present study further revealed that OsLOL5 ZFP could regulate oxidative stress function, but could also provide a basis for salt-resistant rice strains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2460-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - H Y Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Z J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Z Y Wang
- Lab of Soybean Molecular Biology and Molecular Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.138 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
| | - Q Y Bu
- Lab of Soybean Molecular Biology and Molecular Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.138 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
| | - S K Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Quan W, Liu X, Wang H, Chan Z. Comparative Physiological and Transcriptional Analyses of Two Contrasting Drought Tolerant Alfalfa Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1256. [PMID: 26793226 PMCID: PMC4709457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of major environmental determinants of plant growth and productivity. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a legume perennial forage crop native to the arid and semi-arid environment, which is an ideal candidate to study the biochemical and molecular mechanisms conferring drought resistance in plants. In this study, drought stress responses of two alfalfa varieties, Longdong and Algonquin, were comparatively assayed at the physiological, morphological, and transcriptional levels. Under control condition, the drought-tolerant Longdong with smaller leaf size and lower stomata density showed less water loss than the drought-sensitive Algonquin. After exposing to drought stress, Longdong showed less severe cell membrane damage, more proline, and ascorbate (ASC) contents and less accumulation of H2O2 than Algonquin. Moreover, significantly higher antioxidant enzymes activities after drought treatment were found in Longdong when compared with Algonquin. In addition, transcriptional expression analysis showed that Longdong exhibited significantly higher transcripts of drought-responsive genes in leaf and root under drought stress condition. Taken together, these results indicated that Longdong variety was more drought-tolerant than Algonquin variety as evidenced by less leaf firing, more lateral root number, higher relative aboveground/underground biomass per plant and survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Quan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center – Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center – Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology – Chinese Academy of SciencesXining, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center – Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
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Wang Z, Ke Q, Kim MD, Kim SH, Ji CY, Jeong JC, Lee HS, Park WS, Ahn MJ, Li H, Xu B, Deng X, Lee SH, Lim YP, Kwak SS. Transgenic alfalfa plants expressing the sweetpotato Orange gene exhibit enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126050. [PMID: 25946429 PMCID: PMC4422619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a perennial forage crop with high nutritional content, is widely distributed in various environments worldwide. We recently demonstrated that the sweetpotato Orange gene (IbOr) is involved in increasing carotenoid accumulation and enhancing resistance to multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, in an effort to improve the nutritional quality and environmental stress tolerance of alfalfa, we transferred the IbOr gene into alfalfa (cv. Xinjiang Daye) under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase (SWPA2) promoter through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Among the 11 transgenic alfalfa lines (referred to as SOR plants), three lines (SOR2, SOR3, and SOR8) selected based on their IbOr transcript levels were examined for their tolerance to methyl viologen (MV)-induced oxidative stress in a leaf disc assay. The SOR plants exhibited less damage in response to MV-mediated oxidative stress and salt stress than non-transgenic plants. The SOR plants also exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought stress, along with higher total carotenoid levels. The results suggest that SOR alfalfa plants would be useful as forage crops with improved nutritional value and increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses, which would enhance the development of sustainable agriculture on marginal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305–4432, Korea
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qingbo Ke
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305–4432, Korea
- Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myoung Duck Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305–4432, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305–4432, Korea
| | - Chang Yoon Ji
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305–4432, Korea
- Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305–4432, Korea
- Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haeng-Soon Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305–4432, Korea
- Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hongbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Bingcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305–4432, Korea
- Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Chao Y, Kang J, Zhang T, Yang Q, Gruber MY, Sun Y. Disruption of the homogentisate solanesyltransferase gene results in albino and dwarf phenotypes and root, trichome and stomata defects in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94031. [PMID: 24743244 PMCID: PMC3990575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homogentisate solanesyltransferase (HST) plays an important role in plastoquinone (PQ) biosynthesis and acts as the electron acceptor in the carotenoids and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis pathways. We isolated and identified a T-DNA insertion mutant of the HST gene that displayed the albino and dwarf phenotypes. PCR analyses and functional complementation also confirmed that the mutant phenotypes were caused by disruption of the HST gene. The mutants also had some developmental defects, including trichome development and stomata closure defects. Chloroplast development was also arrested and chlorophyll (Chl) was almost absent. Developmental defects in the chloroplasts were consistent with the SDS-PAGE result and the RNAi transgenic phenotype. Exogenous gibberellin (GA) could partially rescue the dwarf phenotype and the root development defects and exogenous ABA could rescue the stomata closure defects. Further analysis showed that ABA and GA levels were both very low in the pds2-1 mutants, which suggested that biosynthesis inhibition by GAs and ABA contributed to the pds2-1 mutants' phenotypes. An early flowering phenotype was found in pds2-1 mutants, which showed that disruption of the HST gene promoted flowering by partially regulating plant hormones. RNA-sequencing showed that disruption of the HST gene resulted in expression changes to many of the genes involved in flowering time regulation and in the biosynthesis of PQ, Chl, GAs, ABA and carotenoids. These results suggest that HST is essential for chloroplast development, hormone biosynthesis, pigment accumulation and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Chao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Margaret Yvonne Gruber
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chao Y, Zhang T, Yang Q, Kang J, Sun Y, Gruber MY, Qin Z. Expression of the alfalfa CCCH-type zinc finger protein gene MsZFN delays flowering time in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 215-216:92-99. [PMID: 24388519 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins comprise a large family and function in various developmental processes. CCCH type zinc finger protein is one kind of zinc finger protein, which function is little known. MsZFN gene encoding a CCCH type zinc finger protein was first discovered by its elevated transcript level in a salt-induced alfalfa SSH cDNA library. The previous experiment had showed that MsZFN protein was localized to the nucleus and little is known about the function of MsZFN protein and its homologous proteins in other plants including model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. In the current study, we found that MsZFN transcript levels increased in alfalfa under continuous dark conditions and that expression was strongest in leaves and weakest in unopened flowers under light/dark conditions. Expression of MsZFN in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in late flowering phenotypes under long day conditions. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that MsZFN protein can interact with itself. Transcript analyses of floral regulatory genes in MsZFN(+) transgenic Arabidopsis showed enhanced expression of the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C and decreased expression of three key flowering time genes, FLOWERING LOCUS T, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS and GIGANTEA. These results suggest that MsZFN primarily controls flowering time by repressing flowering genes expression under long day conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Chao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret Yvonne Gruber
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N0X2, Canada
| | - Zhihui Qin
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
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Molecular cloning and characterization of a gene regulating flowering time from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4597-603. [PMID: 23670041 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Genes that regulate flowering time play crucial roles in plant development and biomass formation. Based on the cDNA sequence of Medicago truncatula (accession no. AY690425), the LFY gene of alfalfa was cloned. Sequence similarity analysis revealed high homology with FLO/LFY family genes of other plants. When fused to the green fluorescent protein, MsLFY protein was localized in the nucleus of onion (Allium cepa L.) epidermal cells. The RT-qPCR analysis of MsLFY expression patterns showed that the expression of MsLFY gene was at a low level in roots, stems, leaves and pods, and the expression level in floral buds was the highest. The expression of MsLFY was induced by GA3 and long photoperiod. Plant expression vector was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis by the agrobacterium-mediated methods. PCR amplification with the transgenic Arabidopsis genome DNA indicated that MsLFY gene had integrated in Arabidopsis genome. Overexpression of MsLFY specifically caused early flowering under long day conditions compared with non-transgenic plants. These results indicated MsLFY played roles in promoting flowering time.
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Sun J, Nie L, Sun G, Guo J, Liu Y. Cloning and characterization of dehydrin gene from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2281-91. [PMID: 23212615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on the sequence of an expressed sequence tag, the full-length cDNA of 1,008 nucleotides was cloned from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. It was designated as AmDHN, encoding a protein of 183 amino acids. The calculated molecular weight of the AmDHN protein is 18.4 k Da, and theoretical isoelectric point is 5.78. The AmDHN localized in nucleus. Under normal growth conditions, differential expression of AmDHN exhibited that the expression was the highest in seeds and the lowest in flowers. AmDHN could be induced by NaCl, PEG6000, ABA and drought treatments. Salt and drought resistances of transgenic plants with overexpression of AmDHN are improved. Taken together, these results demonstrated that AmDHN could regulate the expression of abiotic-responsive genes and plays important roles in modulating the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Inner Mongolia, 0100031, China
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Li Y, Sun Y, Yang Q, Kang J, Zhang T, Gruber MY, Fang F. Cloning and function analysis of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) zinc finger protein promoter MsZPP. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8559-69. [PMID: 22696187 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A 1272 bp upstream sequence of MsZFN gene was cloned from alfalfa, which was designed as MsZPP (Genbank accession number: FJ 161979.2) using an adaptor-mediated genome walking method. A sole transcription start site was located 69 bp upstream of the translation start site. Its pattern of expression included roots, stem vascular tissues, floral reproductive organs, and leaves, but the promoter did not express in seeds, petals or sepals. Transcription levels can be stimulated by dark, MeJA, and IAA. However, GUS fusion activities had no change by treatments of GA, ABA, drought and high salt for 3 days. Deletion analysis revealed that all sections of the promoter can drive gus gene expression in the root, stem, leaves and floral reproductive organs; however, only fragments longer than the -460 bp promoter can stimulate strong gus gene expression in these organs. In addition, the -460 bp promoter fragment can drive gus expression not only in the vascular tissue, but also in leaf guard cells. The results suggest that the promoter MsZPP plays roles in the regulation of transgene expression, particularly due to its darkness, MeJA, and IAA responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Dong J, Wang X, Wang K, Wang Z, Gao H. Isolation and characterization of a gene encoding an ethylene responsive factor protein from Ceratoides arborescens. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:1349-57. [PMID: 21603850 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene responsive factor (ERF) proteins play important roles in plant growth and development and regulate biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, a full length mRNA encoding a novel ERF-type transcription factor namely Ceratoides arborescens ERF protein (CeERF) was isolated from C. arborescens. The deduced amino acid of CeERF had a conserved APETALA2/ERF (AP2/ERF) domain which specifically binds to cis-acting elements GCC box. Under normal conditions, the expression level of CeERF was highest in leaves and lowest in roots. CeERF expression was induced by 20% PEG in a time-dependent pattern and peaked at 8 h. CeERF also acts in salt- and hormones-induced stresses. Transient expression analysis in onion epidermal cells indicated that CeERF protein localized to nucleus. Overexpression of CeERF in transgenic tobacco plants resulted in higher tolerance to abiotic stresses than in control plants. These results suggested that CeERF might play a role in abiotic stress signal transduction and that overexpression of CeERF might serve as a feasible approach to enhance resistance in forage, even crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2-Yuan-Ming-Yuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Xiong AS, Erickson LR. Isolation and characterization of a harvest-inducible gene hi11 and its promoter from alfalfa. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:23-9. [PMID: 20238171 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The harvesting and storing of alfalfa is a routine practice in the agricultural industry worldwide. To investigate gene expression in harvested alfalfa, cDNA from non-harvested and harvested plants in the field was subjected to subtractive hybridization to identify, in particular, those genes that are induced by the harvesting treatment. One cDNA clone, named hi11, was isolated and analysed. The full length cDNA of the hi11 gene was cloned by RACE amplification. The hi11 gene, which has high homology to a putative protein of unknown function in Arabidopsis, was induced in alfalfa following harvesting, a 38°C heat shock and a wounding treatment. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the expression patterns of hi11 in alfalfa in response to harvesting, heat shock, and wounding. In addition, genomic walking was performed to isolate the 5' flanking region of the hi11 gene. The promoter of the hi11 gene was fused to the GUS reporter gene and transferred to Medicago truncatula and tobacco. In all transgenic plants of M. truncatula and tobacco, GUS gene expression was observed in harvested tissue, especially in the transgenic tobacco plants, but not in the non-harvested control tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Plant Agriculture Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1l, Canada.
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