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Petran EM, Periferakis A, Troumpata L, Periferakis AT, Scheau AE, Badarau IA, Periferakis K, Caruntu A, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Sima RM, Calina D, Constantin C, Neagu M, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Capsaicin: Emerging Pharmacological and Therapeutic Insights. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7895-7943. [PMID: 39194685 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the most prominent pungent compound of chilli peppers, has been used in traditional medicine systems for centuries; it already has a number of established clinical and industrial applications. Capsaicin is known to act through the TRPV1 receptor, which exists in various tissues; capsaicin is hepatically metabolised, having a half-life correlated with the method of application. Research on various applications of capsaicin in different formulations is still ongoing. Thus, local capsaicin applications have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, while systemic applications have a multitude of different effects because their increased lipophilic character ensures their augmented bioavailability. Furthermore, various teams have documented capsaicin's anti-cancer effects, proven both in vivo and in vitro designs. A notable constraint in the therapeutic effects of capsaicin is its increased toxicity, especially in sensitive tissues. Regarding the traditional applications of capsaicin, apart from all the effects recorded as medicinal effects, the application of capsaicin in acupuncture points has been demonstrated to be effective and the combination of acupuncture and capsaicin warrants further research. Finally, capsaicin has demonstrated antimicrobial effects, which can supplement its anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Madalina Petran
- Department of Biochemistry, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Grigore Alexandrescu Emergency Children's Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Troumpata
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Romina-Marina Sima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- The "Bucur" Maternity, "Saint John" Hospital, 040294 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N.C. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, "Foisor" Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Liu S, Sun J. Magnetic nanomaterials mediate precise magnetic therapy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:052001. [PMID: 38981447 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad60cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-mediated precision magnet therapy plays a crucial role in treating various diseases. This therapeutic strategy compensates for the limitations of low spatial resolution and low focusing of magnetic stimulation, and realizes the goal of wireless teletherapy with precise targeting of focal areas. This paper summarizes the preparation methods of magnetic nanomaterials, the properties of magnetic nanoparticles, the biological effects, and the measurement methods for detecting magnetism; discusses the research progress of precision magnetotherapy in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, neurological injuries, metabolic disorders, and bone-related disorders, and looks forward to the future development trend of precision magnet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu K, Wang L, Liao T, Li W, Zhou J, You Y, Shi J. Progress in the development of TRPV1 small-molecule antagonists: Novel Strategies for pain management. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115806. [PMID: 37713804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels are widely distributed in sensory nerve endings, the central nervous system, and other tissues, functioning as ion channel proteins responsive to thermal pain and chemical stimuli. In recent years, the TRPV1 receptor has garnered significant interest as a potential therapeutic approach for various pain-related disorders, particularly TRPV1 antagonists. The present review offers a comprehensive, systematic exploration of both first- and second-generation TRPV1 antagonists in the context of pain management. Antagonists are categorized and explicated according to their structural characteristics. Detailed examination of binding modes, structural features, and pharmacological activities, alongside a critical appraisal of the advantages and limitations inherent to typical compounds within each structural category, are undertaken. Detailed discussions of the binding modes, structural features, pharmacological activities, advantages, and limitations of typical compounds within each structural category offer valuable insights and guidance for the future research and development of safer, more effective, and more targeted TRPV1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - TingTing Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yaodong You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Periferakis AT, Periferakis A, Periferakis K, Caruntu A, Badarau IA, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Scheau C, Caruntu C. Antimicrobial Properties of Capsaicin: Available Data and Future Research Perspectives. Nutrients 2023; 15:4097. [PMID: 37836381 PMCID: PMC10574431 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a phytochemical derived from plants of the genus Capsicum and subject of intensive phytochemical research due to its numerous physiological and therapeutical effects, including its important antimicrobial properties. Depending on the concentration and the strain of the bacterium, capsaicin can exert either bacteriostatic or even bactericidal effects against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while in certain cases it can reduce their pathogenicity by a variety of mechanisms such as mitigating the release of toxins or inhibiting biofilm formation. Likewise, capsaicin has been shown to be effective against fungal pathogens, particularly Candida spp., where it once again interferes with biofilm formation. The parasites Toxoplasma gondi and Trypanosoma cruzi have been found to be susceptible to the action of this compound too while there are also viruses whose invasiveness is significantly dampened by it. Among the most encouraging findings are the prospects for future development, especially using new formulations and drug delivery mechanisms. Finally, the influence of capsaicin in somatostatin and substance P secretion and action, offers an interesting array of possibilities given that these physiologically secreted compounds modulate inflammation and immune response to a significant extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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Atas U, Erin N, Tazegul G, Elpek GO, Yıldırım B. Distribution of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channels in gastrointestinal tract of patients with morbid obesity. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:79-90. [PMID: 35071508 PMCID: PMC8727248 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), a nonselective cation channel, is activated by capsaicin, a pungent ingredient of hot pepper. Previous studies have suggested a link between obesity and capsaicin-associated pathways, and activation of TRPV1 may provide an alternative approach for obesity treatment. However, data on the TRPV1 distribution in human gastric mucosa are limited, and the degree of TRPV1 distribution in the gastric and duodenal mucosal cells of obese people in comparison with normal-weight individuals is unknown.
AIM To clarify gastric and duodenal mucosal expression of TRPV1 in humans and compare TRPV1 expression in obese and healthy individuals.
METHODS Forty-six patients with a body mass index (BMI) of > 40 kg/m2 and 20 patients with a BMI between 18-25 kg/m2 were included. Simultaneous biopsies from the fundus, antrum, and duodenum tissues were obtained from subjects between the ages of 18 and 65 who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Age, sex, history of alcohol and cigarette consumption, and past medical history regarding chronic diseases and medications were accessed from patient charts and were analyzed accordingly. Evaluation with anti-TRPV1 antibody was performed separately according to cell types in the fundus, antrum, and duodenum tissues using an immunoreactivity score. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0.
RESULTS TRPV1 expression was higher in the stomach than in the duodenum and was predominantly found in parietal and chief cells of the fundus and mucous and foveolar cells of the antrum. Unlike foveolar cells in the antrum, TRPV1 was relatively low in foveolar cells in the fundus (4.92 ± 0.49 vs 0.48 ± 0.16, P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). Additionally, the mucous cells in the duodenum also had low levels of TRPV1 compared to mucous cells in the antrum (1.33 ± 0.31 vs 2.95 ± 0.46, P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). TRPV1 expression levels of different cell types in the fundus, antrum, and duodenum tissues of the morbidly obese group were similar to those of the control group. Staining with TRPV1 in fundus chief cells and antrum and duodenum mucous cells was higher in patients aged ≥ 45 years than in patients < 45 years (3.03 ± 0.42, 4.37 ± 0.76, 2.28 ± 0.55 vs 1.9 ± 0.46, 1.58 ± 0.44, 0.37 ± 0.18, P = 0.03, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively, Mann-Whitney U test). The mean staining levels of TRPV1 in duodenal mucous cells in patients with diabetes and hypertension were higher than those in patients without diabetes and hypertension (diabetes: 2.11 ± 0.67 vs 1.02 ± 0.34, P = 0.04; hypertension: 2.42 ± 0.75 vs 1.02 ± 0.33, P < 0.01 Mann-Whitney U test).
CONCLUSION The expression of TRPV1 is unchanged in the gastroduodenal mucosa of morbidly obese patients demonstrating that drugs targeting TRPV1 may be effective in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unal Atas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Nuray Erin
- Department of Pharmacology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Tazegul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Bülent Yıldırım
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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Yu Q, Liu R, Chen Y, Waqar AB, Liu F, Yang J, Lian T, Zhang G, Guan H, Cui Y, Xu C. Discoidin Domain-Containing Receptor 2 Is Present in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques and Involved in the Expression and Activity of MMP-2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1010496. [PMID: 34956435 PMCID: PMC8702333 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 (DDR2) has been suggested to be involved in atherosclerotic progression, but its pathological role remains unknown. Using immunochemical staining, we located and compared the expression of DDR2 in the atherosclerotic plaques of humans and various animal models. Then, siRNA was applied to knock down the expression of DDR2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and the migration, proliferation, and collagen Ι-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated. We found that an abundance of DDR2 was present in the atherosclerotic plaques of humans and various animal models and was distributed around fatty and necrotic cores. After incubation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), DDR2 was upregulated in VSMCs in response to such a proatherosclerotic condition. Next, we found that decreased DDR2 expression in VSMCs inhibited the migration, proliferation, and collagen Ι-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, we found that DDR2 is strongly associated with the protein expression and activity of MMP-2, suggesting that DDR2 might play a role in the etiology of unstable plaques. Considering that DDR2 is present in the atherosclerotic plaques of humans and is associated with collagen Ι-induced secretion of MMP-2, the clinical role of DDR2 in cardiovascular disease should be elucidated in further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ruihan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Ahmed Bilal Waqar
- Faculty of Allied and Health Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710010, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ting Lian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guangwei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Cangbao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
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Shiiba Y, Takeda KI, Matsushima K. Effects of adding a commercial capsaicin fertilizer on the feeding behavior of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13529. [PMID: 33682279 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the inhibitory effect of capsaicin fertilizer on feeding in deer. We tested four captive adult female deer. In Experiment 1, in addition to the treatment (intact) containing only a solid feed (HC), we mixed the fertilizer not containing capsaicin (F) or the capsaicin fertilizer (CF) in the solid feed. In addition, the solid feed was put on a wire net that capsaicin fertilizer was placed 5 cm below (SCF). We investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 2, we changed the amount of substance (fertilizer and capsaicin fertilizer) mixed in the HC. We mixed different amounts (0, 50, 100, and 200 g) of the treatments other than the intact with HC and presented them to the deer, and investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 1, intake in the F and CF decreased (p < .05). In Experiment 2, HC intake was significantly lower in the 100 and 200 g CF (p < .05). However, HC intake relatively increased by the last day in the CF 200 g too. The capsaicin fertilizer decreased the feeding behavior of deer by directly touching the mucous membranes of the deer nose and lips. However, the effects were decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-Ichi Takeda
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsushima
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Japan
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9
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Baskaran P, Nazminia K, Frantz J, O’Neal J, Thyagarajan B. Mice lacking endogenous TRPV1 express reduced levels of thermogenic proteins and are susceptible to diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1768-1781. [PMID: 33977527 PMCID: PMC8277693 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel protein expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Although TRPV1 is implicated in thermogenesis and diet-induced obesity (DIO), its precise role remains controversial. TRPV1-/- mice are protected from DIO, while TRPV1 activation enhances thermogenesis to prevent obesity. To reconcile this, we fed wild-type and TRPV1-/- mice for 32 weeks with normal chow or a high-fat diet and analyzed the weight gain, metabolic activities, and thermogenic protein expression in white and brown fats. TRPV1-/- mice became obese, exhibited reduced locomotor activity, reduced energy expenditure, enhanced hepatic steatosis, and decreased thermogenic protein expression in adipose tissues. Our data reveal that lack of TRPV1 does not prevent obesity, but rather enhances metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmamalini Baskaran
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
| | - Kara Nazminia
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
| | - Justine Frantz
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
| | - Jessica O’Neal
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
| | - Baskaran Thyagarajan
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072
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Mariwala JK, Rai D, Padigaru M, Ashok Morde A, Maddox E, Maalouf S, Smith K, Vanden Heuvel JP. Accumulating evidence to support the safe and efficacious use of a proprietary blend of capsaicinoids in mediating risk factors for obesity. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2823-2835. [PMID: 34136150 PMCID: PMC8194937 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant public health concern, and finding safe and effective means for combating this condition is needed. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of supplementation of a blend of capsaicinoids on weight gain, fat mass, and blood chemistry in a high-fat diet (HFD) model of obesity in mice and on adipocyte differentiation and gene expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were treated with a proprietary capsaicinoid concentrate (Capsimax®; OmniActive Health Technologies Ltd., India) and compared to orlistat (ORL) and normal chow-fed mice (NC). Mice fed a high-fat diet showed significantly lower weight gain upon Capsimax® (CAP) administration than their HFD counterparts and similar to that observed with ORL animals. In addition, CAP decreased the high-fat diet-induced increases in adipose tissue and epididymal fat pad mass and hypertrophy after 52 days of treatment. Both the CAP and ORL groups had increased plasma concentrations of leptin. CAP extracts decreased triacylglycerol content in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreased markers of adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-ɣ) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). Expression of genes involved in lipogenesis such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and fatty acid synthase (FSN) was decreased by CAP in a dose-dependent manner. Thermogenic genes and markers of brown adipose tissue including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PR domain-containing 16 (Prdm16) were induced by CAP in the preadipocyte cells. These in vivo and in vitro data support that this proprietary capsaicinoid concentrate reduces weight gain and adiposity at least in part through decreasing lipogenesis and increasing thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deshanie Rai
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Inc.MorristownNJUSA
| | | | | | - Ewa Maddox
- INDIGO Biosciences, Inc.State CollegePAUSA
| | | | | | - John P. Vanden Heuvel
- INDIGO Biosciences, Inc.State CollegePAUSA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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11
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Braga Ferreira LG, Faria JV, dos Santos JPS, Faria RX. Capsaicin: TRPV1-independent mechanisms and novel therapeutic possibilities. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Rosenfeld D, Senko AW, Moon J, Yick I, Varnavides G, Gregureć D, Koehler F, Chiang PH, Christiansen MG, Maeng LY, Widge AS, Anikeeva P. Transgene-free remote magnetothermal regulation of adrenal hormones. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz3734. [PMID: 32300655 PMCID: PMC7148104 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The field of bioelectronic medicines seeks to modulate electrical signaling within peripheral organs, providing temporally precise control of physiological functions. This is usually accomplished with implantable devices, which are often unsuitable for interfacing with soft and highly vascularized organs. Here, we demonstrate an alternative strategy for modulating peripheral organ function, which relies on the endogenous expression of a heat-sensitive cation channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid family member 1 (TRPV1), and heat dissipation by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in remotely applied alternating magnetic fields. We use this approach to wirelessly control adrenal hormone secretion in genetically intact rats. TRPV1-dependent calcium influx into the cells of adrenal cortex and medulla is sufficient to drive rapid release of corticosterone and (nor)epinephrine. As altered levels of these hormones have been correlated with mental conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression, our approach may facilitate the investigation of physiological and psychological impacts of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekel Rosenfeld
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander W. Senko
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Junsang Moon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Isabel Yick
- Department of Biology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Georgios Varnavides
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Danijela Gregureć
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Florian Koehler
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Po-Han Chiang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael G. Christiansen
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETHZ), Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Y. Maeng
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alik S. Widge
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Corresponding author. (P.A.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author. (P.A.); (A.S.W.)
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Oral gavage of capsaicin causes TRPV1-dependent acute hypothermia and TRPV1-independent long-lasting increase of locomotor activity in the mouse. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:213-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Dihydrocapsaicin Inhibits Epithelial Cell Transformation through Targeting Amino Acid Signaling and c-Fos Expression. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061269. [PMID: 31167465 PMCID: PMC6627986 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chili peppers are one of the most widely consumed spices worldwide. However, research on the health benefits of chili peppers and some of its constituents has raised controversy as to whether chili pepper compounds possess cancer-promoting or cancer-preventive effects. While ample studies have been carried out to examine the effect of capsaicin in carcinogenesis, the chemopreventive effect of other major components in chili pepper, including dihydrocapsaicin, capsiate, and capsanthin, is relatively unclear. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effect of chili pepper components on malignant cell transformation. Among the tested chili pepper compounds, dihydrocapsaicin displayed the strongest inhibitory activity against epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced neoplastic transformation. Dihydrocapsaicin specifically suppressed EGF-induced phosphorylations of the p70S6K1-S6 pathway and the expression of c-Fos. A reduction in c-Fos levels by dihydrocapsaicin led to a concomitant downregulation of AP-1 activation. Further analysis of the molecular mechanism responsible for the dihydrocapsaicin-mediated decrease in phospho-p70S6K1, revealed that dihydrocapsaicin can block amino acid-dependent mechanistic targets of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-p70S6K1-S6 signal activation. Additionally, dihydrocapsaicin was able to selectively augment amino acid deprivation-induced cell death in mTORC1-hyperactive cells. Collectively, dihydrocapsaicin exerted chemopreventive effects through inhibiting amino acid signaling and c-Fos pathways and, thus, might be a promising cancer preventive natural agent.
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Sina Z, Nasrollahzadeh J, Shokraei S, Rismanchi M, Foroughi F. Black and red peppers attenuates plasma and lipopolysaccharide-induced splenocytes production of tumor necrosis factor-α in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yu Q, Wang F, Meng X, Gong Y, Wang Y, Xu C, Wang S. Short‑term use of atorvastatin affects glucose homeostasis and suppresses the expression of LDL receptors in the pancreas of mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2780-2788. [PMID: 30015940 PMCID: PMC6102652 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) may serve a role in the diabetogenic effect of statins; however, the effects of statins on LDLR expression and its regulation in the pancreas and islets have yet to be determined. To exclude the long-term effects of treatment with atorvastatin, which allows mice to adapt, male C57BL/j and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were acutely treated with oral atorvastatin for 6 weeks, and glucose homeostasis and LDLR expression in the pancreas and islets were examined. In the present study, it was observed that the short-term use of atorvastatin affected insulin sensitivity in normal mice and glucose tolerance in hyperlipidemic mice. Furthermore, it was identified that 6 weeks of treatment with atorvastatin suppressed LDLR expression in the pancreas and pancreatic islets in C57BL/j mice, and an increase in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression was additionally observed in the pancreas. However, 6 weeks of treatment with atorvastatin did not affect LDLR expression in the pancreas of hyperlipidemic mice. It may be concluded that the short-term use of atorvastatin disturbs glucose homeostasis and suppresses LDLR expression in the pancreas and pancreatic islets in C57BL/j mice, suggesting that the role of LDLR in the diabetogenic effect of statins requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Institute of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Meng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Yiren Gong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Cangbao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Institute of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Yu Q, Liu R, Han L, Zhang G, Guan H, Pan Q, Wang S, Liu E. Dietary restriction slightly affects glucose homeostasis and delays plasma cholesterol removal in rabbits with dietary lipid lowering. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:996-1002. [PMID: 29658290 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has been reported to have beneficial effects on atherosclerotic progression as well as lipid and glucose metabolism, but little is known about whether these effects can be enhanced or weakened by dietary lipid lowering. Here, after 12 weeks of high-cholesterol diet feeding, hypercholesterolemic rabbits were fed with either a standard chow diet ad libitum (AL) or a standard chow diet with DR for 16 weeks of dietary lipid lowering. We found that the DR group exhibited a loss of body weight, smaller internal organs, and reduced fat mass, while the AL group accumulated more subcutaneous fat than the baseline group. DR treatment slightly worsened glucose tolerance but enhanced insulin sensitivity, and a slight effect of DR on insulin secretion was also observed. After dietary cholesterol withdrawal, rabbits showed persistent lowering of total cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma. However, the DR group had significantly higher plasma total cholesterol than the AL group at most time points during weeks 7 to 16 of lipid lowering. Although both the AL and DR groups developed more severe atherosclerosis than the baseline group, DR did not improve atherosclerotic progression or the accumulation of macrophages and smooth muscle cells. We conclude that DR affected glucose and lipid metabolism but did not ameliorate atherosclerosis in rabbits when associated with lipid lowering by dietary cholesterol withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.,b Institute of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ruihan Liu
- c Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guangwei Zhang
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hua Guan
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qi Pan
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- b Institute of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
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18
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Christie S, Wittert GA, Li H, Page AJ. Involvement of TRPV1 Channels in Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:420. [PMID: 30108548 PMCID: PMC6079260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ion channel TRPV1 is involved in a wide range of processes including nociception, thermosensation and, more recently discovered, energy homeostasis. Tightly controlling energy homeostasis is important to maintain a healthy body weight, or to aid in weight loss by expending more energy than energy intake. TRPV1 may be involved in energy homeostasis, both in the control of food intake and energy expenditure. In the periphery, it is possible that TRPV1 can impact on appetite through control of appetite hormone levels or via modulation of gastrointestinal vagal afferent signaling. Further, TRPV1 may increase energy expenditure via heat production. Dietary supplementation with TRPV1 agonists, such as capsaicin, has yielded conflicting results with some studies indicating a reduction in food intake and increase in energy expenditure, and other studies indicating the converse. Nonetheless, it is increasingly apparent that TRPV1 may be dysregulated in obesity and contributing to the development of this disease. The mechanisms behind this dysregulation are currently unknown but interactions with other systems, such as the endocannabinoid systems, could be altered and therefore play a role in this dysregulation. Further, TRPV1 channels appear to be involved in pancreatic insulin secretion. Therefore, given its plausible involvement in regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis and its dysregulation in obesity, TRPV1 may be a target for weight loss therapy and diabetes. However, further research is required too fully elucidate TRPV1s role in these processes. The review provides an overview of current knowledge in this field and potential areas for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Amanda J. Page
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Gardener SL, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN. Diet and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Chronic Diseases: A Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:301-34. [PMID: 26682690 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the pathological features of the neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of additional disorders are likewise associated with a state of chronic inflammation, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes, which are themselves risk factors for AD. Dietary components have been shown to modify the inflammatory process at several steps of the inflammatory pathway. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the effect of consumption of pro- or anti-inflammatory dietary constituents on the severity of both AD pathology and related chronic diseases, concentrating on the dietary constituents of flavonoids, spices, and fats. Diet-based anti-inflammatory components could lead to the development of potent novel anti-inflammatory compounds for a range of diseases. However, further work is required to fully characterize the therapeutic potential of such compounds, including gaining an understanding of dose-dependent relationships and limiting factors to effectiveness. Nutritional interventions utilizing anti-inflammatory foods may prove to be a valuable asset in not only delaying or preventing the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, but also treating pre-existing conditions including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
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20
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TRP Channels as Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes and Obesity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9030050. [PMID: 27548188 PMCID: PMC5039503 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last three to four decades the prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus has greatly increased worldwide, including in the United States. Both the short- and long-term forecasts predict serious consequences for the near future, and encourage the development of solutions for the prevention and management of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels were identified in tissues and organs important for the control of whole body metabolism. A variety of TRP channels has been shown to play a role in the regulation of hormone release, energy expenditure, pancreatic function, and neurotransmitter release in control, obese and/or diabetic conditions. Moreover, dietary supplementation of natural ligands of TRP channels has been shown to have potential beneficial effects in obese and diabetic conditions. These findings raised the interest and likelihood for potential drug development. In this mini-review, we discuss possibilities for better management of obesity and diabetes mellitus based on TRP-dependent mechanisms.
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Fattori V, Hohmann MSN, Rossaneis AC, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Verri WA. Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses. Molecules 2016; 21:E844. [PMID: 27367653 PMCID: PMC6273101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the importance of capsaicin to the current understanding of neuronal modulation of pain and explore the mechanisms of capsaicin-induced pain. We will focus on the analgesic effects of capsaicin and its clinical applicability in treating pain. Furthermore, we will draw attention to the rationale for other clinical therapeutic uses and implications of capsaicin in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, airway diseases, itch, gastric, and urological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Miriam S N Hohmann
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Rossaneis
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Baskaran P, Krishnan V, Ren J, Thyagarajan B. Capsaicin induces browning of white adipose tissue and counters obesity by activating TRPV1 channel-dependent mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2369-89. [PMID: 27174467 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The growing epidemic of obesity and metabolic diseases necessitates the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat such diseases. Current research suggests that browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) promotes energy expenditure to counter obesity. Recent research suggests that activation of the TRPV1 channels counters obesity. However, the mechanism by which activation of TRPV1 channels counters obesity still remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the effect of dietary capsaicin to induce a browning program in WAT by activating TRPV1 channels to prevent diet-induced obesity using wild-type and TRPV1(-/-) mouse models. We performed experiments using preadipocytes and fat pads from these mice. KEY RESULTS Capsaicin stimulated the expression of brown fat-specific thermogenic uncoupling protein-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-8b in WAT. Capsaicin triggered browning of WAT by promoting sirtuin-1 expression and activity via TRPV1 channel-dependent elevation of intracellular Ca(2) (+) and phosphorylation of Ca(2) (+) /calmodulin-activated protein kinase II and AMP-activated kinase. Capsaicin increased the expression of PPARγ 1 coactivator α and enhanced metabolic and ambulatory activity. Further, capsaicin stimulated sirtuin-1-dependent deacetylation of PPARγ and the transcription factor PRDM-16 and facilitated PPARγ-PRDM-16 interaction to induce browning of WAT. Dietary capsaicin did not protect TRPV1(-/-) mice from obesity. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS Our results show for the first time that activation of TRPV1 channels by dietary capsaicin triggers browning of WAT to counteract obesity. Our results suggest that activation of TRPV1 channels is a promising strategy to counter obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Krishnan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Targeting TRPV1 for Body Weight Control using TRPV1(-/-) Mice and Electroacupuncture. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17366. [PMID: 26621679 PMCID: PMC4664894 DOI: 10.1038/srep17366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global social medical problem resulting in morbidity as high as 20–30%. Here we investigated whether the manipulation of TRPV1 can control mice body weight through electroacupuncture (EA). The results demonstrated that body weight increased with time in the control group (108.19 ± 1.31%, n = 7). The increase of mice body weight was significantly less in the EA group (104.41 ± 0.76%, p < 0.05, compared with the control group, n = 7) but not in the sham EA group (109.1 ± 0.63%, p < 0.05, compared with EA group, n = 7). EA did not decrease the gain of body weight in TRPV1 knock mice (107.94 ± 0.41% and 107.79 ± 1.04% for TRPV1−/− and TRPV1−/− with EA, respectively, p > 0.05). The visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) weight was lower in the EA group at 4 weeks after manipulation. Moreover, the protein levels of TRPV1, pPKA, pPKC, and pERK were increased in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord (SC) after EA treatment but not in the sham EA and TRPV1−/− mice. This study suggests that targeting TRPV1 is beneficial in controlling body weight and TRPV1-associated mechanisms in mice.
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Lee E, Jung DY, Kim JH, Patel PR, Hu X, Lee Y, Azuma Y, Wang HF, Tsitsilianos N, Shafiq U, Kwon JY, Lee HJ, Lee KW, Kim JK. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel regulates diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and leptin resistance. FASEB J 2015; 29:3182-92. [PMID: 25888600 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major characteristic of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Recent studies have shown a metabolic role of capsaicin that may be mediated via the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel. In this study, TRPV1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice (as controls) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and metabolic studies were performed to measure insulin and leptin action. The TRPV1 KO mice became more obese than the WT mice after HFD, partly attributed to altered energy balance and leptin resistance in the KO mice. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiment showed that the TRPV1 KO mice were more insulin resistant after HFD because of the ∼40% reduction in glucose metabolism in the white and brown adipose tissue, compared with that in the WT mice. Leptin treatment failed to suppress food intake, and leptin-mediated hypothalamic signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 activity was blunted in the TRPV1 KO mice. We also found that the TRPV1 KO mice were more obese and insulin resistant than the WT mice at 9 mo of age. Taken together, these results indicate that lacking TRPV1 exacerbates the obesity and insulin resistance associated with an HFD and aging, and our findings further suggest that TRPV1 has a major role in regulating glucose metabolism and hypothalamic leptin's effects in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Lee
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Jung
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Payal R Patel
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshihiro Azuma
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hsun-Fan Wang
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas Tsitsilianos
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Umber Shafiq
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Kwon
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyong Joo Lee
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason K Kim
- *Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Yang HJ, Kwon DY, Kim MJ, Kim DS, Kang S, Shin BK, Lee JJ, Moon NR, Daily JW, Park S. Red peppers with different pungencies and bioactive compounds differentially modulate energy and glucose metabolism in ovariectomized rats fed high fat diets. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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“Chemical-pain sensor” based on nanovesicle–carbon nanotube hybrid structures. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 49:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang J, Cao X, Pan H, Hua L, Yang M, Lei C, Lan X, Chen H. Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c (CIDEC/Fsp27) gene: molecular cloning, sequence characterization, tissue distribution and polymorphisms in Chinese cattles. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6765-74. [PMID: 24065549 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c (CIDEC) protein, also known as fat specific protein 27 (Fsp27), is localized to lipid droplets. CIDEC protein is required for unilocular lipid droplet formation and optimal energy storage in addition to controlling lipid metabolism in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Research found that Ad-36 could induce lipid droplets in the cultured skeletal muscle cells and this process may be mediated by promoting CIDEC expression. The content of intermuscular fat is an important index for evaluation of beef quality, so the CIDEC gene appeared to be a candidate gene for regulation of intermuscular fat, however similar research for the bovine CIDEC gene is lacking. This paper examined the tissue expression profile of CIDEC gene in cattle using real-time RT-PCR to suggest that bovine CIDEC is highly expressed in adipose tissue. In addition, the Bovine CIDEC gene was cloned and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+), whereupon recombinant bovine CIDEC protein was induced and identified by Western-blot. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the animo acid sequence of bovine CIDEC was closer to mammalian CIDEC than rasorial CIDEC. We found ten single nucleotide polymorphisms sites (SNPs) in bovine CIDEC gene, of which SNP 2, 3, 4, 6 and 9, and SNP 8 and 10 were in complete linkage disequilibrium, respectively. SNP 1, 2 and 10 were used in further haplotype studies. Eight different haplotypes were identified in 973 cattle, of which haplotype 8 predominated with frequencies ranging from 42.90 to 54.30 %. This research provides a basis for future functional studies of CIDEC in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China,
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Zhang L, Zhou M, Fang G, Tang Y, Chen Z, Liu X. Hypocholesterolemic effect of capsaicinoids by increased bile acids excretion in ovariectomized rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1080-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Guoshan Fang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Zongdao Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
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