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Motamedi-Tehrani J, Peyghan R, Shahriari A, Razijalali M, Ebrahimi E. Combined effects of ammonia-N exposure and salinity changes on hematological and serum biochemical factors and thyroid hormones in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Heliyon 2024; 10:e29103. [PMID: 38601621 PMCID: PMC11004645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the interaction effects of ammonia-N levels and salinity on hematological and serum biochemical parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fish were randomly divided into 12 treatments including the levels of salinity (0, 4, 8 and 12 ppt) and 0, 50% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N and 30% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N in a factorial design (4 salinity levels x 3 ammonia levels). Hemoglobin value in all treatments, except for salinity treatments, namely 2, 3, 4, showed a significant decrease than the control (0 ppt and no poisoning). Also, red blood cells in treatment ammonia-N levels were significantly less than the control. Serum protein concentration, in treatments 9 (50% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N) and 5 and also with increasing salinity (treatments 2, 3 and 4) had a significant decrease compared to the control. There is a significant increase in serum glucose, cortisol, ammonia and urea levels in 50% and 30% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N treatments compared to the control, meanwhile these parameters were significantly increased with increasing salinity. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T3 and T4 levels in acute and sub-acute ammonia-N treatments were significantly lower than the control. Moreover, with increasing salinity in 50% and 30% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N treatments, TSH showed a decreasing pattern. According to the results, fluctuations in blood biochemical factors, increase of stress and decrease of thyroid hormones show that the salinity, ammonia, and their interaction caused adverse effects on fish health during the 96 h of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Motamedi-Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rahim Peyghan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Shahriari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Razijalali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Eisa Ebrahimi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Marbade P, Shanmugam SA, Suresh E, Rathipriya A, Rather MA, Agarwal D. Gene expression profiling and physiological adaptations of pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis) under varying salinity conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127569. [PMID: 37865362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Eutroplus suratensis (Pearl spot) is naturally found in estuarine environments and has been noted to have a high salinity tolerance. By examining the impact of various salinity levels on the growth and survival of pearl spot, the present study aims to enhance aquaculture profitability by assessing their adaptability and physiological adjustments to changes in salinity and determining their potential to acclimate to a broad range of salinity regimes. Results revealed no mortality in the control group (0 ppt), and in 15, 25 and 35 ppt treatment groups. However, the remaining groups (45, 60, and 75 ppt) showed differing levels of mortality with 44 % mortality observed in the 45 ppt group and 100 % mortality in both the 60 and 75 ppt groups. The expression analysis showed that liver IGF-1 mRNA expression increased by 2.6-fold at 15 ppt, and HSP70 mRNA expression in the liver also showed a significant increase with rising salinity levels. In addition, OSTF1 expression exhibited an increase at 15 ppt, whereas SOD and CAT expression reached their highest levels at 25 ppt. At 15 ppt, the expression of NKA mRNA increased significantly by 2.8-fold. The study's overall findings suggested that utilizing a salinity level of 15 ppt for pearl spot production could be viable for profitable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranali Marbade
- TNJFU Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, OMR Campus, Chennai, India
| | - S A Shanmugam
- TNJFU Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, OMR Campus, Chennai, India
| | - E Suresh
- TNJFU Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, OMR Campus, Chennai, India
| | - A Rathipriya
- TNJFU Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, OMR Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil Ganderbal- SKUAST-Kashmir, India
| | - Deepak Agarwal
- TNJFU Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, OMR Campus, Chennai, India.
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Wang Q, Yan Y, Tao Y, Lu S, Xu P, Qiang J. Transcriptional Knock-down of mstn Encoding Myostatin Improves Muscle Quality of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:951-965. [PMID: 37755584 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin (encoded by mstn) negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass and affects lipid metabolism. To explore the regulatory effects of mstn on muscle development and lipid metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), we used antisense RNA to transcriptionally knock-down mstn. At 180 days, the body weight and body length were significantly higher in the mstn-knock-down group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, fish with mstn-knock-down exhibited myofiber hyperplasia but not hypertrophy. Oil red O staining revealed a remarkable increase in the area of lipid droplets in muscle in the mstn-knockdown group (p < 0.05). Nutrient composition analyses of muscle tissue showed that the crude fat content was significantly increased in the mstn-knock-down group (p < 0.05). The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were all significantly increased in the mstn-knock-down group (p < 0.05). Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed 2420 significant differentially expressed genes between the mstn-knock-down group and the control group. KEGG analysis indicates that disruptions to fatty acid degradation, glycerolipid metabolism, and the PPAR signaling pathway affect muscle development and lipid metabolism in mstn-knock-down Nile tilapia: acaa2, eci1, and lepr were remarkably up-regulated, and acadvl, lpl, foxo3, myod1, myog, and myf5 were significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05). These results show that knock-down of mstn results in abnormal lipid metabolism, acceleration of skeletal muscle development, and increased adipogenesis and weight gain in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Siqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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A Morphological and Ultrastructural Study of the Anterior Digestive Tract of Adult Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030420. [PMID: 36766309 PMCID: PMC9913172 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most-used fish species in aquaculture is the Nile tilapia, due to its rapid growth rate and its adaptation to a wide range of farming conditions. A careful description of the morphology of the digestive tract, particularly the esophagus and stomach, allows a better understanding of the relationship between structure and function. Combining scanning and light microscopy we highlighted the presence of five different zones in the stomach (1: esophagus-gastric lumen passage; 2: descending glandular portion; 3: fundic portion; 4: ascending glandular portion; 5: gastric-pyloric transition portion). Histochemical investigation showed a secretion of carboxylates mucopolysaccharides along the esophagus and sulphated complex carbohydrates in the stomach. These results suggest that mucins play a protective role of the epithelial lining, which is essential for a correct digestive process. Finally, the characterization of the main cellular structures may be inspiring for more advanced studies aiming to decipher the role of specific molecules, such as neuropeptides, involved in the physiological digestive process.
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Taugbøl A, Solbakken MH, Jakobsen KS, Vøllestad LA. Salinity-induced transcriptome profiles in marine and freshwater threespine stickleback after an abrupt 6-hour exposure. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9395. [PMID: 36311407 PMCID: PMC9596333 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Saltwater and freshwater environments have opposing physiological challenges, yet, there are fish species that are able to enter both habitats during short time spans, and as individuals they must therefore adjust quickly to osmoregulatory contrasts. In this study, we conducted an experiment to test for plastic responses to abrupt salinity changes in two populations of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, representing two ecotypes (freshwater and ancestral saltwater). We exposed both ecotypes to abrupt native (control treatment) and non‐native salinities (0‰ and 30‰) and sampled gill tissue for transcriptomic analyses after 6 h of exposure. To investigate genomic responses to salinity, we analyzed four different comparisons; one for each ecotype (in their control and exposure salinity; (1) and (2), one between ecotypes in their control salinity (3), and the fourth comparison included all transcripts identified in (3) that did not show any expressional changes within ecotype in either the control or the exposed salinity (4)). Abrupt salinity transfer affected the expression of 10 and 1530 transcripts for the saltwater and freshwater ecotype, respectively, and 1314 were differentially expressed between the controls, including 502 that were not affected by salinity within ecotype (fixed expression). In total, these results indicate that factors other than genomic expressional plasticity are important for osmoregulation in stickleback, due to the need for opposite physiological pathways to survive the abrupt change in salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Taugbøl
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)LillehammerNorway
| | - Monica Hongrø Solbakken
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
| | - Kjetill S. Jakobsen
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
| | - Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
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Ding L, Li W, Liang L, Huang Z, Li N, Zhang J, Shi H, Storey KB, Hong M. Modulation of the intestinal barrier adaptive functions in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) invading brackish waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141744. [PMID: 32890802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the increase in sea levels is leading to salinization of freshwater, which might influence the freshwater organisms such as red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans. The turtle can invade brackish water environments, in which it must deal with elevated salinity in the gastrointestinal tract that could impact the intestinal function. The intestinal barrier provides a front-line of organismal defense against the chemical and biological environmental insults. In this study, the adaptive functions of the intestinal barrier including intestinal histomorphology, genes involved in intestinal barrier functions, and the intestinal micro-ecosystem were analyzed in the turtles exposed to freshwater (S0), 5‰ salinity (S5) and 15‰ salinity (S15) water for 30 days. The results showed that the intestine of T. s. elegans maintained normal histomorphological structure in the S5 group, whereas the villus height, crypt depth and the number of goblet cells in the S15 group were lower than that in the S5 and S0 groups. In addition, the relative expression levels of epithelial tight junction-related genes and intestinal immune-related genes in the gut were significantly upregulated in the S15 group, compared to the freshwater group. Mucin-2 gene expression was downregulated, but mucin-1 transcript levels were upregulated in salinity-treated groups. Furthermore, the abundances of phylum Proteobacteria, and genera Morganella and Aeromonas in the intestine were particularly enhanced in the S15 group than the S0 and S5 groups. Taken together, these results indicate that the intestinal barrier plays a protective role in T. s. elegans adaptation to brackish water environments. Our results provide a perspective on the evolution of salinity tolerance and help to evaluate the potential danger of the turtle to other species, and understand the challenges that other species must meet with rising sea levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Lingyue Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zubin Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Na Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
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El-Leithy AAA, Hemeda SA, El Naby WSHA, El Nahas AF, Hassan SAH, Awad ST, El-Deeb SI, Helmy ZA. Optimum salinity for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth and mRNA transcripts of ion-regulation, inflammatory, stress- and immune-related genes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1217-1232. [PMID: 31069608 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We aim to study the optimum salinity concentration for Nile tilapia, through the assessment of its growth performance and the expression of its related genes (Gh and Igf-1), as well as its salinity adaptation and immune status through the assessment of the gene expression of ion-regulation genes (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1a and α-1b), stress-related genes (GST, HSP27, and HSP70), inflammatory-related genes (IL1, IL8, CC, and CXC chemokine), and immune-related genes (IgMH TLR7, MHC, and MX) at the osmoregulatory organs (gills, liver, and kidney). Based on the least mortality percentage and the physical appearance of the fish, three salt concentrations (6, 16, and 20 ppt) were chosen following a 6-month preliminary study using serial salt concentrations ranged from 6 to 36 ppt, which were obtained by rearing the fish in gradual elevated pond salinity through daily addition of 0.5 ppt saline water. The fish size was 10.2-12 cm and weight was 25.5-26.15 g. No significant differences in the fish weight gain were observed among the studied groups. The group reared at 16-ppt salt showed better performance than that of 20 ppt, as they have lower morality % and higher expression of ion-regulated gene (Na+/K+-ATPase α1-b), stress-related genes (GST, HSP27, and HSP70) of the gills and also GST, inflammatory-related genes (IL-1β and IL8), and TLR in the liver tissue. Higher expression of kidney-immune-related genes at 20-ppt salt may indicate that higher salinity predispose to fish infection and increased mortality. We concluded that 16-ppt salinity concentration is suitable for rearing O. niloticus as the fish are more adaptive to salinity condition without changes in their growth rate. Also, we indicate the use of immune stimulant feed additive to overcome the immune suppressive effect of hyper-salinity. Additionally, the survival of some fish at higher salinity concentrations (30-34 ppt) increase the chance for selection for salinity resistance in the Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A A El-Leithy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaaban A Hemeda
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walaa S H Abd El Naby
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Seham A H Hassan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Simone T Awad
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa I El-Deeb
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Helmy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Con P, Nitzan T, Slosman T, Harpaz S, Cnaani A. Peptide Transporters in the Primary Gastrointestinal Tract of Pre-Feeding Mozambique Tilapia Larva. Front Physiol 2019; 10:808. [PMID: 31333482 PMCID: PMC6624445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish larvae differ greatly from the adult form in their morphology and organ functionality. The functionality of the gastrointestinal tract depends on the expression of various pumps, transporters, and channels responsible for feed digestion and nutrients absorption. During the larval period, the gastrointestinal tract develops from a simple closed tube, into its complex form with differentiated segments, crypts and villi, as found in the adult. In this study, we characterized the expression of three peptide transporters (PepT1a, PepT1b, and PepT2) in the gastrointestinal tract of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae along 12 days of development, from pre-hatching to the completion of yolk sac absorption. Gene expression analysis revealed differential and complimentary time-dependent expression of the PepT1 variants and PepT2 along the larval development period. Immunofluorescence analysis showed differential protein localization of the three peptide transporters (PepTs) along the gastrointestinal tract, in a similar pattern to the adult. In addition, PepT1a was localized in mucosal cells in the larvae esophagus, in much higher abundance than in the adults. The results of this study demonstrate specialization of intestinal sections and absorbance potential of the enterocytes prior to the onset of active exogenous feeding, thus pointing to an uncharacterized function and role of the gastrointestinal tract and its transporters during the larval period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Con
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel.,Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Nitzan
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Tatiana Slosman
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sheenan Harpaz
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Avner Cnaani
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Tian Y, Shang Y, Guo R, Chang Y, Jiang Y. Salinity stress-induced differentially expressed miRNAs and target genes in sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:719-733. [PMID: 31134533 PMCID: PMC6657415 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental salinity is an important abiotic factor influencing normal physiological functions and productive performance in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. It is therefore important to understand how changes in salinity affect sea cucumbers in the face of global climate change. In this study, we investigated the responses to salinity stress in sea cucumbers using mRNA and miRNA sequencing. The regulatory network of mRNAs and miRNAs involved in salinity stress was examined, and the metabolic pathways enriched for differentially expressed miRNAs and target mRNAs were identified. The top 20 pathways were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, degradation, and elongation, amino acid metabolism, genetic information processing, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, transport and catabolism, and environmental information processing. A total of 22 miRNAs showed differential expression during salinity acclimation. The predicted 134 target genes were enriched in functions consistent with the results of gene enrichment based on transcriptome analysis. These results suggested that sea cucumbers deal with salinity stress via changes in amino acid metabolism, ion channels, transporters, and aquaporins, under stimulation by environmental signals, and that this process requires energy from carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism. Salinity challenge also induced miRNA expression. These results provide a valuable genomic resource that extends our understanding of the unique biological characteristics of this economically important species under conditions of salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yanpeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China
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10
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Hughes LC, Somoza GM, Nguyen BN, Bernot JP, González-Castro M, Díaz de Astarloa JM, Ortí G. Transcriptomic differentiation underlying marine-to-freshwater transitions in the South American silversides Odontesthes argentinensis and O. bonariensis (Atheriniformes). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5258-5268. [PMID: 28770064 PMCID: PMC5528240 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity gradients are critical habitat determinants for freshwater organisms. Silverside fishes in the genus Odontesthes have recently and repeatedly transitioned from marine to freshwater habitats, overcoming a strong ecological barrier. Genomic and transcriptomic changes involved in this kind of transition are only known for a few model species. We present new data and analyses of gene expression and microbiome composition in the gills of two closely related silverside species, marine O. argentinensis and freshwater O. bonariensis and find more than three thousand transcripts differentially expressed, with osmoregulatory/ion transport genes and immune genes showing very different expression patterns across species. Interspecific differences also involve more than one thousand transcripts with nonsynonymous SNPs in the coding sequences, most of which were not differentially expressed. In addition to characterizing gill transcriptomes from wild‐caught marine and freshwater fishes, we test experimentally the response to salinity increases by O. bonariensis collected from freshwater habitats. Patterns of expression in gill transcriptomes of O. bonariensis exposed to high salinity do not resemble O. argentinensis mRNA expression, suggesting lack of plasticity for adaptation to marine conditions in this species. The diversity of functions associated with both the differentially expressed set of transcripts and those with sequence divergence plus marked microbiome differences suggest that multiple abiotic and biotic factors in marine and freshwater habitats are driving transcriptomic differences between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily C Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM) Chascomús Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Bryan N Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA.,Computational Biology Institute The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - James P Bernot
- Computational Biology Institute The George Washington University Washington DC USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Mariano González-Castro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina.,Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y molecular de peces IIMyC-CONICET Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del Plata Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Díaz de Astarloa
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina.,Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y molecular de peces IIMyC-CONICET Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del Plata Argentina
| | - Guillermo Ortí
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
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Dennenmoser S, Vamosi SM, Nolte AW, Rogers SM. Adaptive genomic divergence under high gene flow between freshwater and brackish-water ecotypes of prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) revealed by Pool-Seq. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:25-42. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dennenmoser
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology; August Thienemann Strasse 2 24306 Plön Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Steven M. Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Arne W. Nolte
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology; August Thienemann Strasse 2 24306 Plön Germany
- Institute for Biology; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sean M. Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4
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Villarreal FD, Das GK, Abid A, Kennedy IM, Kültz D. Sublethal effects of CuO nanoparticles on Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are modulated by environmental salinity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88723. [PMID: 24520417 PMCID: PMC3919801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of manufactured nanoparticles (NP) in different applications has triggered the need to understand their putative ecotoxicological effects in the environment. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP) are toxic, and induce oxidative stress and other pathophysiological conditions. The unique properties of NP can change depending on the characteristics of the media they are suspended in, altering the impact on their toxicity to aquatic organisms in different environments. Here, Mozambique tilapia (O. mossambicus) were exposed to flame synthesized CuO NP (0.5 and 5 mg·L−1) in two environmental contexts: (a) constant freshwater (FW) and (b) stepwise increase in environmental salinity (SW). Sublethal effects of CuO NP were monitored and used to dermine exposure endpoints. Fish exposed to 5 mg·L−1 CuO in SW showed an opercular ventilation rate increase, whereas fish exposed to 5 mg·L−1 in FW showed a milder response. Different effects of CuO NP on antioxidant enzyme activities, accumulation of transcripts for metal-responsive genes, GSH∶GSSG ratio, and Cu content in fish gill and liver also demonstrate that additive osmotic stress modulates CuO NP toxicity. We conclude that the toxicity of CuO NP depends on the particular environmental context and that salinity is an important factor for modulating NP toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D. Villarreal
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gautom Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aamir Abid
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ian M. Kennedy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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