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Alonso Llorente A, Salgado Garrido J, Teijido Hermida Ó, González Andrade F, Valiente Martín A, Fanlo Villacampa AJ, Vicente Romero J. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 in ecuadorian population: An interethnic approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28566. [PMID: 38586400 PMCID: PMC10998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction CYP2C19 is a highly polymorphic gene responsible for metabolizing commonly used drugs. CYP2C19*2,*3 (loss of activity alleles) and *17 (increased activity allele) are the principal alleles included in clinical guidelines, however their prevalence varies among different ethnicities. Ecuadorian population is formed by Mestizos, Afrodescendants and Native Americans and frequency of CYP2C19 alleles could be different among them. The objective of this study was to establish the frequency of these variants in the different populations of Ecuador and to compare them with other populations. Materials and methods DNA from 105 Afrodescendants, 75 Native Americans of the Kichwa ethnicity, and 33 Mestizos Ecuadorians was analyzed by nested-PCR to identify CYP2C19*17 carriers. CYP2C19*2 allele was analyzed in DNA from 78 Afrodescendants, 29 Native Americans of the Kichwa, and 16 Mestizos by TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assay. CYP2C19*3 was analyzed in 33 Afrodescendants by nested-PCR. Results The global frequencies of the alternate alleles were 14.22% (CYP2C19*2) and 2.10% (CYP2C19*17). No differences (p > 0.05) were observed among the subgroups. No CYP2C19*3 carrier was identified. CYP2C19*2 frequencies in Ecuador were similar to the ones reported in Europe, Africa and Middle East countries and to some American populations. Low CYP2C19*17 frequencies, like the ones in our population, were also observed in East and South Asia and in Native American groups. Discussion Absence of differences in the ethnic groups in Ecuador for CYP2C19*2 and *17 could be due to either a bias in sample selection (ethnic group was assed by self-identification) or to a high interethnic admixture in the Ecuadorian population that would had diluted genetic differences. In addition, CYP2C19*2, *3, and *17 alleles frequencies in our study suggest that Ecuadorians ancestry is mostly of Native American origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alonso Llorente
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
- IRBLleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida Fundació Dr. Pifarre, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josefa Salgado Garrido
- Medical Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Óscar Teijido Hermida
- Navarrabiomed, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Julia Fanlo Villacampa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Jorge Vicente Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
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Pikó P, Bácsné Bába É, Kósa Z, Sándor J, Kovács N, Bács Z, Ádány R. Genetic Determinants of Leisure-Time Physical Activity in the Hungarian General and Roma Populations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054566. [PMID: 36901996 PMCID: PMC10003125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is one of the modifiable lifestyle factors that play an important role in the prevention of non-communicable (especially cardiovascular) diseases. Certain genetic factors predisposing to LTPA have been previously described, but their effects and applicability on different ethnicities are unknown. Our present study aims to investigate the genetic background of LTPA using seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample of 330 individuals from the Hungarian general (HG) and 314 from the Roma population. The LTPA in general and three intensity categories of it (vigorous, moderate, and walking) were examined as binary outcome variables. Allele frequencies were determined, individual correlations of SNPs to LTPA, in general, were determined, and an optimized polygenetic score (oPGS) was created. Our results showed that the allele frequencies of four SNPs differed significantly between the two study groups. The C allele of rs10887741 showed a significant positive correlation with LTPA in general (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.97; p = 0.006). Three SNPs (rs10887741, rs6022999, and rs7023003) were identified by the process of PGS optimization, whose cumulative effect shows a strong significant positive association with LTPA in general (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.16-1.70; p < 0.001). The oPGS showed a significantly lower value in the Roma population compared with the HG population (oPGSRoma: 2.19 ± SD: 0.99 vs. oPGSHG: 2.70 ± SD: 1.06; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the coexistence of genetic factors that encourage leisure-time physical activity shows a more unfavorable picture among Roma, which may indirectly contribute to their poor health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pikó
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bácsné Bába
- Institute of Sport Economics and Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Kósa
- Department of Health Methodology and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kovács
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bács
- Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róza Ádány
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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From Croatian Roma to 1000 Genomes: The Story of the CYP2D6 Gene Promoter and Enhancer SNPs. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081353. [PMID: 36013302 PMCID: PMC9409800 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The CYP2D6 gene encodes an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of ~20% of clinically prescribed drugs. In this study, 18 SNPs from the enhancer and promoter regions of CYP2D6 in 323 Roma from Croatia were genotyped, to find out whether the demographic history of Roma affected the distribution of the studied SNPs and their linkage disequilibrium (LD) values, with the major SNPs defining the CYP2D6 star alleles. No differences were found between the three Roma groups in allele and genotype frequencies. The distribution of LD values of Roma was compared with LD values of European and Asian populations. Regulatory CYP2D6 SNPs (rs5758550, rs28624811, rs1080985 and rs1080983) showed similar distribution and the highest LDs with rs16947 from the gene-coding region in all populations. In the promoter region, a complete LD between rs1080989 and rs28588594, and between rs1080983 and rs28624811, was found in Croatian Roma and investigated populations from 1000 genomes. A high LD was also found between rs1080985 from the promoter and rs5758550 from the enhancer region. SNP rs28735595 from the gene promoter region had the highest LD, with two gene region SNPs, rs1058164 and rs1135840. To conclude, the Croatian Roma population shows an LD pattern of the CYP2D6 gene region similar to the 1000 Genomes European and Asian populations.
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Zhou Y, Lauschke VM. Population pharmacogenomics: an update on ethnogeographic differences and opportunities for precision public health. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1113-1136. [PMID: 34652573 PMCID: PMC9177500 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both safety and efficacy of medical treatment can vary depending on the ethnogeographic background of the patient. One of the reasons underlying this variability is differences in pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in genes involved in drug disposition, as well as in drug targets. Knowledge and appreciation of these differences is thus essential to optimize population-stratified care. Here, we provide an extensive updated analysis of population pharmacogenomics in ten pharmacokinetic genes (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, DPYD, TPMT, NUDT15 and SLC22A1), drug targets (CFTR) and genes involved in drug hypersensitivity (HLA-A, HLA-B) or drug-induced acute hemolytic anemia (G6PD). Combined, polymorphisms in the analyzed genes affect the pharmacology, efficacy or safety of 141 different drugs and therapeutic regimens. The data reveal pronounced differences in the genetic landscape, complexity and variant frequencies between ethnogeographic groups. Reduced function alleles of CYP2D6, SLC22A1 and CFTR were most prevalent in individuals of European descent, whereas DPYD and TPMT deficiencies were most common in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oceanian populations showed the highest frequencies of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles while their inferred CYP2D6 activity was among the highest worldwide. Frequencies of HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-B*58:01 were highest across Asia, which has important implications for the risk of severe cutaneous adverse reactions upon treatment with carbamazepine and allopurinol. G6PD deficiencies were most frequent in Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia with pronounced differences in variant composition. These variability data provide an important resource to inform cost-effectiveness modeling and guide population-specific genotyping strategies with the goal of optimizing the implementation of precision public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Font-Porterias N, Giménez A, Carballo-Mesa A, Calafell F, Comas D. Admixture Has Shaped Romani Genetic Diversity in Clinically Relevant Variants. Front Genet 2021; 12:683880. [PMID: 34220960 PMCID: PMC8244592 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.683880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic patterns of inter-population variation are a result of different demographic and adaptive histories, which gradually shape the frequency distribution of the variants. However, the study of clinically relevant mutations has a Eurocentric bias. The Romani, the largest transnational minority ethnic group in Europe, originated in South Asia and received extensive gene flow from West Eurasia. Most medical genetic studies have only explored founder mutations related to Mendelian disorders in this population. Here we analyze exome sequences and genome-wide array data of 89 healthy Spanish Roma individuals to study complex traits and disease. We apply a different framework and focus on variants with both increased and decreased allele frequencies, taking into account their local ancestry. We report several OMIM traits enriched for genes with deleterious variants showing increased frequencies in Roma or in non-Roma (e.g., obesity is enriched in Roma, with an associated variant linked to South Asian ancestry; while non-insulin dependent diabetes is enriched in non-Roma Europeans). In addition, previously reported pathogenic variants also show differences among populations, where some variants segregating at low frequency in non-Roma are virtually absent in the Roma. Lastly, we describe frequency changes in drug-response variation, where many of the variants increased in Roma are clinically associated with metabolic and cardiovascular-related drugs. These results suggest that clinically relevant variation in Roma cannot only be characterized in terms of founder mutations. Instead, we observe frequency differences compared to non-Roma: some variants are absent, while other have drifted to higher frequencies. As a result of the admixture events, these clinically damaging variants can be traced back to both European and South Asian-related ancestries. This can be attributed to a different prevalence of some genetic disorders or to the fact that genetic susceptibility variants are mostly studied in populations of European descent, and can differ in individuals with different ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Font-Porterias
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aaron Giménez
- Facultat de Sociologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Calafell
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Comas
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Ádány R, Pikó P, Fiatal S, Kósa Z, Sándor J, Bíró É, Kósa K, Paragh G, Bácsné Bába É, Veres-Balajti I, Bíró K, Varga O, Balázs M. Prevalence of Insulin Resistance in the Hungarian General and Roma Populations as Defined by Using Data Generated in a Complex Health (Interview and Examination) Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134833. [PMID: 32635565 PMCID: PMC7370128 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Data mainly from one-off surveys clearly show that the health of Roma, the largest ethnic minority of Europe, is much worse than that of the general population. However, results from comprehensive exploratory studies are missing. The aim of our study was to create a complex database for comparative and association studies to better understand the background of the very unfavourable health of Roma, especially the high burden of cardiometabolic diseases. A three-pillar (questionnaire-based, physical and laboratory examinations) health survey was carried out on randomly selected samples of the Hungarian general (HG, n = 417) and Roma (HR, n = 415) populations, and a database consisting of more than half a million datapoints was created. Using selected data, the prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and of its components were determined, and to estimate the risk of insulin resistance (IR), surrogate measures (the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, McAuley and TyG indices and the TG/HDL-C ratio) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Youden’s method were used to define the optimal cut-off values of each IR index. The prevalence of MetS was very high in both study populations (HG: 39.8%, HR: 44.0%) with no statistically significant difference between the two groups in females or males. The prevalence of MetS showed a very marked increase in the HR 35–49 years age group. Among surrogate measures, the TyG index showed the greatest power for predicting IR/MetS at a cut-off value of 4.69 (77% sensitivity, 84% specificity) and indicated a 42.3% (HG) and 40.5% (HR) prevalence of IR. The prevalence of MetS and IR is almost equally very unfavourable in both groups; thus, the factors underlying the high premature mortality burden of Roma should be further clarified by investigating the full spectrum of risk factors available in the database, with a special focus on the access of Roma people to preventive and curative health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róza Ádány
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Pikó
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Fiatal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Kósa
- Department of Health Methodology and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bíró
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karolina Kósa
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bácsné Bába
- Institute of Sport Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Veres-Balajti
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Klára Bíró
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management in Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Varga
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Margit Balázs
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Petrović J, Pešić V, Lauschke VM. Frequencies of clinically important CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 alleles are graded across Europe. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 28:88-94. [PMID: 31358955 PMCID: PMC6906321 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 are important drug-metabolizing enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of around 30% of all medications. Importantly, the corresponding genes are highly polymorphic and these genetic differences contribute to interindividual and interethnic differences in drug pharmacokinetics, response, and toxicity. In this study we systematically analyzed the frequency distribution of clinically relevant CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 alleles across Europe based on data from 82,791 healthy individuals extracted from 79 original publications and, for the first time, provide allele confidence intervals for the general population. We found that frequencies of CYP2D6 gene duplications showed a clear South-East to North-West gradient ranging from <1% in Sweden and Denmark to 6% in Greece and Turkey. In contrast, an inverse distribution was observed for the loss-of-function alleles CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*5. Similarly, frequencies of the inactive CYP2C19*2 allele were graded from North-West to South-East Europe. In important contrast to previous work we found that the increased activity allele CYP2C19*17 was most prevalent in Central Europe (25–33%) with lower prevalence in Mediterranean-South Europeans (11–24%). In summary, we provide a detailed European map of common CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 variants and find that frequencies of the most clinically relevant alleles are geographically graded reflective of Europe’s migratory history. These findings emphasize the importance of generating pharmacogenomic data sets with high spatial resolution to improve precision public health across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Petrović
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Pešić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Škarić-Jurić T, Tomas Ž, Zajc Petranović M, Božina N, Smolej Narančić N, Janićijević B, Salihović MP. Characterization of ADME genes variation in Roma and 20 populations worldwide. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207671. [PMID: 30452466 PMCID: PMC6242375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The products of the polymorphic ADME genes are involved in Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of drugs. The pharmacogenetic data have been studied extensively due to their clinical importance in the appropriate drug prescription, but such data from the isolated populations are rather scarce. We analyzed the distribution of 95 polymorphisms in 31 core ADME genes in 20 populations worldwide and in newly genotyped samples from the Roma (Gypsy) population living in Croatia. Global distribution of ADME core gene loci differentiated three major clusters; (1) African, (2) East Asian, and (3) joint European, South Asian and South American cluster. The SLCO1B3 (rs4149117) and CYP3A4 (rs2242480) genes differentiated at the highest level the African group of populations, while NAT2 gene loci (rs1208, rs1801280, and rs1799929) and VKORC1 (rs9923231) differentiated East Asian populations. The VKORC1 rs9923231 was among the investigated loci the one with the largest global minor allele frequency (MAF) range; its MAF ranged from 0.027 in Nigeria to 0.924 in Han Chinese. The distribution of the investigated gene loci positions Roma population within the joined European and South Asian clusters, suggesting that their ADME gene pool is a combination of ancestral (Indian) and more recent (European) surrounding, as it was already implied by other genetic markers. However, when compared to the populations worldwide, the Croatian Roma have extreme MAF values in 10 out of the 95 investigated ADME core gene loci. Among loci which have extraordinary MAFs in Roma population two have strong proof of clinical importance: rs1799853 (CYP2C9) for warfarin dosage, and rs12248560 (CYP2C19) for clopidogrel dosage, efficacy and toxicity. This finding confirms the importance of taking the Roma as well as the other isolated populations`genetic profiles into account in pharmaco-therapeutic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Željka Tomas
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nada Božina
- Department for Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Mirzaev KB, Zelenskaya EM, Barbarash OL, Ganyukov VI, Apartsin KA, Saraeva NO, Nikolaev KY, Ryzhikova KA, Lifshits GI, Sychev DA. CYP2C19 polymorphism frequency in Russian patients in Central Russia and Siberia with acute coronary syndrome. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2017; 10:107-114. [PMID: 28442925 PMCID: PMC5397026 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s126305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of CYP2C19*2, *3 allelic variants, associated with poor response to clopidogrel, and CYP2C19*17, associated with excessive response to clopidogrel, in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from Siberia and Moscow regions of Russia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 512 ACS patients who were subsequently treated with coronary arterial stenting. The subjects assigned were from the cities of Central (Novosibirsk, Kemerovo), Eastern (Irkutsk), Northern (Surgut) Siberia regions and from Moscow region. The mean age of patients enrolled was 63.9±10.9 years. Among the assigned subjects, the proportion of men accounted for 80% and women 20%. RESULTS According to the results obtained in the present study, from 16% up to 27.5% of patients in different regions of Russia have at least one CYP2C19 "poor metabolizer" (PM) allele variant affecting clopidogrel metabolism and, therefore, suppressing its antiplatelet activity. CYP2C19*17 allele variant was identified with the frequency of 15.4% up to 33.3%. The study revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in CYP2C19*3 allele frequency between the Russian ethnic group patients from Eastern and Central Siberia (p=0.001; odds ratio=1.05 [95% confidence interval 1.01-1.09]). CONCLUSION The study revealed statistically significant differences between the allele frequencies in Eastern and Central Siberia, which can probably be caused by a considerable number of Buryats inhabiting Eastern Siberia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Mirzaev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - Elena M Zelenskaya
- Federal State-Financed Research Institution “Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk
| | - Olga L Barbarash
- Federal State-Financed Research Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo
| | - Vladimir I Ganyukov
- Federal State-Financed Research Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo
| | - Konstantin A Apartsin
- State-Financed Health Institution “Irkutsk Regional Badge of Honour Clinical Hospital”
- Federal State-Financed Research Institution “Irkutsk Research Center”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk City
| | - Natalya O Saraeva
- State-Financed Health Institution “Irkutsk Regional Badge of Honour Clinical Hospital”
| | - Konstantin Y Nikolaev
- Federal State-Financed Research Institution “Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine”
- Federal State Autonomous Institution of Higher Education “Novosibirsk National Research State University”, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kristina A Ryzhikova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - Galina I Lifshits
- Federal State-Financed Research Institution “Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk
- Federal State-Financed Research Institution “Irkutsk Research Center”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk City
- Federal State Autonomous Institution of Higher Education “Novosibirsk National Research State University”, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
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Sumegi K, Duga B, Melegh BI, Banfai Z, Kovesdi E, Maasz A, Melegh B. Marked Differences of Haplotype Tagging SNP Distribution, Linkage, and Haplotype Profile of APOA5 Gene in Roma Population Samples. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 23:853-861. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Thakur N, White MJ, Burchard EG. Race and Ethnicity. Respir Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43447-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Han SW, Kim YJ, Ahn SH, Seo WK, Yu S, Oh SH, Kim YN, Lee KY. Protocol for the comparison of triflusal and clopidogrel in secondary prevention of stroke based on cytochrome P450 2C19 genotyping (MASETRO study): A multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial. Int J Stroke 2016; 11:485-91. [PMID: 26763917 DOI: 10.1177/1747493015620804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND AIM The antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel is reportedly influenced by cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms. However, there is no data concerning the relationship between stroke recurrence and CYP2C19 polymorphisms in patients treated with clopidogrel for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Triflusal may be an alternative therapy for clopidogrel in patients with poor genotype. The Comparison of Triflusal and Clopidogrel Effects in Secondary Prevention of Stroke Based on Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotyping (MAESTRO) study will investigate the effect of antiplatelet agents based on CYP2C19 polymorphisms in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. SAMPLE SIZE AND DESIGN Assuming that 55% of patients belong to the poor genotype group, the required sample size is 1080 patients with at least 24 months of follow-up. This study is designed as a prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, and blind genotype trial. Patients who experience their first non-cardiogenic ischemic stroke within 30 days prior to screening are eligible. Patients received 300 mg triflusal twice a day or 75 mg clopidogrel once daily during the trial. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01174693). STUDY OUTCOME The primary outcome is recurrent ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke. Secondary outcomes consist of composite major vascular events including stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or vascular death. DISCUSSION Personalized medicine may be essential for patients according to individual drug metabolism abilities. MAESTRO is the first prospective study designed to evaluate the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism in secondary stroke prevention and will resolve several questions regarding preventive antiplatelet agents for recurrent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Han
- Department of Neurology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Seo
- Departments of Neurology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungwook Yu
- Departments of Neurology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- Department of Neurology, CHA University College of Medicine, Bundang, Korea
| | - Youn Nam Kim
- Clinical Trials Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Yul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Szalai R, Ganczer A, Magyari L, Matyas P, Bene J, Melegh B. Interethnic differences of cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms may influence outcome of taxane therapy in Roma and Hungarian populations. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 30:453-6. [PMID: 26507668 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes are widely used microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancers. Several cytochrome P450 gene variants have been proven to influence taxane metabolism and therapy. The purpose of this work was to determine the distribution of genetic variations of CYP1B1, CYP2C8 and CYP3A5 genes as the first report on taxane metabolizer cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms in Roma and Hungarian populations. A total of 397 Roma and 412 Hungarian healthy subjects were genotyped for CYP1B1 c.4326C > G, CYP2C8 c.792C > G and CYP3A5 c.6986A > G variant alleles by PCR-RFLP assay and direct sequencing. We found significant differences in the frequencies of homozygous variant genotypes of CYP1B1 4326 GG (p = 0.002) and CYP3A5 6986 GG (p < 0.001) between Roma and Hungarian populations. Regarding minor allele frequencies, for CYP2C8 a significantly increased prevalence was found in 792G allele frequency in the Hungarian population compared to the Roma population (5.83% vs. 2.14%, p = 0.001). Our results can be used as possible predictive factors in population specific treatment algorithms to developing effective programs for a better outcome in patients treated with taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szalai
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, H-7624 Pecs, Ifjusag 20, Hungary
| | - Alma Ganczer
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
| | - Lili Magyari
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, H-7624 Pecs, Ifjusag 20, Hungary
| | - Petra Matyas
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, H-7624 Pecs, Ifjusag 20, Hungary.
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Interethnic variation of CYP2C19 alleles, 'predicted' phenotypes and 'measured' metabolic phenotypes across world populations. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 16:113-23. [PMID: 26503820 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the worldwide frequency distribution of CYP2C19 alleles and CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes ('predicted' from genotypes and 'measured' with a probe drug) among healthy volunteers from different ethnic groups and geographic regions, as well as the relationship between the 'predicted' and 'measured' CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes. A total of 52 181 healthy volunteers were studied within 138 selected original research papers. CYP2C19*17 was 42- and 24-fold more frequent in Mediterranean-South Europeans and Middle Easterns than in East Asians (P<0.001, in both cases). Contrarily, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles were more frequent in East Asians (30.26% and 6.89%, respectively), and even a twofold higher frequency of these alleles was found in Native populations from Oceania (61.30% and 14.42%, respectively; P<0.001, in all cases), which may be a consequence of genetic drift process in the Pacific Islands. Regarding CYP2C19 metabolic phenotype, poor metabolizers (PMs) were more frequent among Asians than in Europeans, contrarily to the phenomenon reported for CYP2D6. A correlation has been found between the frequencies of CYP2C19 poor metabolism 'predicted' from CYP2C19 genotypes (gPMs) and the poor metabolic phenotype 'measured' with a probe drug (mPMs) when subjects are either classified by ethnicity (r=0.94, P<0.001) or geographic region (r=0.99, P=0.002). Nevertheless, further research is needed in African and Asian populations, which are under-represented, and additional CYP2C19 variants and the 'measured' phenotype should be studied.
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Román M, Ochoa D, Sánchez-Rojas SD, Talegón M, Prieto-Pérez R, Rivas Â, Abad-Santos F, Cabaleiro T. Evaluation of the relationship between polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1893-901. [PMID: 25495411 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the possible association between polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole, rabeprazole and pantoprazole. MATERIALS & METHODS 151 healthy volunteers were evaluated for polymorphisms in the CYP2C19 gene using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS Carriers of the *2 allele displayed poor metabolism for all the PPIs studied (around 50% decrease in clearance). Subjects with the *17 allele showed a light increase in clearance compared with *1/*1 (not significant). CONCLUSION CYP2C19*2 is associated with decreased clearance of all the PPIs, that could be associated with higher drug efficacy. CYP2C19*17 could increase clearance of these drugs, although the effect seems small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Román
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Ragia G, Giannakopoulou E, Karaglani M, Karantza IM, Tavridou A, Manolopoulos VG. Frequency of CYP450 enzyme gene polymorphisms in the Greek population: review of the literature, original findings and clinical significance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 29:235-48. [PMID: 24756055 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2014-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme family is involved in the oxidative metabolism of many therapeutic drugs and various endogenous substrates. These enzymes are highly polymorphic. Prevalence of CYP450 enzyme gene polymorphisms vary among different populations and substantial inter- and intra-ethnic variability in frequency of CYP450 enzyme gene polymorphisms has been reported. This paper provides an overview and investigation of CYP450 genotypic and phenotypic reports published in the Greek population.
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Wu AH, White MJ, Oh S, Burchard E. The Hawaii clopidogrel lawsuit: the possible effect on clinical laboratory testing. Per Med 2015; 12:179-181. [PMID: 29771642 DOI: 10.2217/pme.15.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hb Wu
- Department of LaboratoryMedicine, University of California, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001Potrero Ave., San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marquitta J White
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences & Medicine, Environments & Health Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 500 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sam Oh
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences & Medicine, Environments & Health Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 500 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Esteban Burchard
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences & Medicine, Environments & Health Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 500 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Departments of Director, Center for Genes, Environments & Health Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 500 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Tayeb HT, Bakheet DH, Zaza K, Wakil SM, Dzimiri N. Genotyping of CYP2C19 polymorphisms and its clinical validation in the ethnic Arab population. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:972-9. [PMID: 25684066 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMET) Plus microarray and x-Tag assays have recently been developed for genotyping individuals in personalized medicine. Furthermore, the cytochrome 450-2C19 (CYP2C19) is a key metabolic enzyme encoded by a polymorphic gene commonly associated with diminished metabolism and variable clinical responses to several drugs in an ethnicity-dependent fashion. Therefore, validation of these clinical procedures as well as knowledge of the ethnic-specific incidences of these gene variants is prerequisite for determining their clinical relevance in any given population. METHODS We determined the distribution of familiar CYP2C19 variants by the DMET Plus chip in 600 candidates and replicated the findings by the Affymetrix Axiom Genome-Wide Asian Structure Identification Array in 5413 individuals, all Saudis of ethic Arab origin. We then tested the robustness of employing the Luminex xMAP system clinically by comparing the results of genotyping 500 Saudi individuals visiting the Blood Bank of our institution with the findings of the two platforms. KEY FINDINGS The DMET Plus genotyping revealed that eight of the CYP2C19 variants showed some changes. Thereby, the CYP2C19*17 exhibited the highest minor allele frequency (MAF) of 0.256, followed by the CYP2C19_801 (frequency = 0.055). Six other variants, including the CYP2C19*3, showed MAF in the range of 0.001-0.002. We replicated the frequencies of the CYP2C19*17 and CYP2C19*3, and additionally established that of the CYP2C19*2 (0.099) using the Axiom platform. The xTag genotyping also indicated that 0.834 of the 500 Saudi individuals were extensive metabolizers (*1/*1), 0.158 carried the *1/*2 genotype, 0.01% carried *2/*2 (poor metabolizers) and one each (0.2%) harboured the *1/*8, *2/*3 (intermediate metabolizers) and *8/*8 (poor metabolizers) genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results showed reproducible genotyping of the CYP2C19 variants in the Saudi Arab population using two Affymetrix platforms and phenotyping using the Luminex xTag assay. The prevalence of two clinically relevant genotypes (CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3) were similar to other ethnic groups, while that of the CYP2C19*17 was comparably higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsa T Tayeb
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana H Bakheet
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Zaza
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Wakil
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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