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Zavaliev R, Dong X. NPR1, a key immune regulator for plant survival under biotic and abiotic stresses. Mol Cell 2024; 84:131-141. [PMID: 38103555 PMCID: PMC10929286 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) was discovered in Arabidopsis as an activator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune responses nearly 30 years ago. How NPR1 confers resistance against a variety of pathogens and stresses has been extensively studied; however, only in recent years have the underlying molecular mechanisms been uncovered, particularly NPR1's role in SA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming, stress protein homeostasis, and cell survival. Structural analyses ultimately defined NPR1 and its paralogs as SA receptors. The SA-bound NPR1 dimer induces transcription by bridging two TGA transcription factor dimers, forming an enhanceosome. Moreover, NPR1 orchestrates its multiple functions through the formation of distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates. Furthermore, NPR1 plays a central role in plant health by regulating the crosstalk between SA and other defense and growth hormones. In this review, we focus on these recent advances and discuss how NPR1 can be utilized to engineer resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zavaliev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Wang D, Wang K, Sun S, Yan P, Lu X, Liu Z, Li Q, Li L, Gao Y, Liu J. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Salt-Tolerance Pathways in the Leaves and Roots of ZM-4 ( Malus zumi) in the Early Stages of Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043638. [PMID: 36835052 PMCID: PMC9960305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The breeding of salt-tolerant rootstock relies heavily on the availability of salt-tolerant Malus germplasm resources. The first step in developing salt-tolerant resources is to learn their molecular and metabolic underpinnings. Hydroponic seedlings of both ZM-4 (salt-tolerant resource) and M9T337 (salt-sensitive rootstock) were treated with a solution of 75 mM salinity. ZM-4's fresh weight increased, then decreased, and then increased again after being treated with NaCl, whereas M9T337's fresh weight continued to decrease. The results of transcriptome and metabolome after 0 h (CK) and 24 h of NaCl treatment showed that the leaves of ZM-4 had a higher content of flavonoids (phloretinm, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, epiafzelechin, etc.) and the genes (CHI, CYP, FLS, LAR, and ANR) related to the flavonoid synthesis pathway showed up-regulation, suggesting a high antioxidant capacity. In addition to the high polyphenol content (L-phenylalanine, 5-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid) and the high related gene expression (4CLL9 and SAT), the roots of ZM-4 exhibited a high osmotic adjustment ability. Under normal growing conditions, the roots of ZM-4 contained a higher content of some amino acids (L-proline, tran-4-hydroxy-L-prolin, L-glutamine, etc.) and sugars (D-fructose 6-phosphate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, etc.), and the genes (GLT1, BAM7, INV1, etc.) related to these two pathways were highly expressed. Furthermore, some amino acids (S-(methyl) glutathione, N-methyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, etc.) and sugars (D-sucrose, maltotriose, etc.) increased and genes (ALD1, BCAT1, AMY1.1, etc.) related to the pathways showed up-regulation under salt stress. This research provided theoretical support for the application of breeding salt-tolerant rootstocks by elucidating the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of salt tolerance during the early stages of salt treatment for ZM-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Kun Wang
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Simiao Sun
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Lianwen Li
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-429-3598120 (Y.G.); +86-27-87282399 (J.L.)
| | - Jihong Liu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-429-3598120 (Y.G.); +86-27-87282399 (J.L.)
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Wang B, Wang J, Yang T, Wang J, Dai Q, Zhang F, Xi R, Yu Q, Li N. The transcriptional regulatory network of hormones and genes under salt stress in tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1115593. [PMID: 36814758 PMCID: PMC9939653 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress has become one of the main limiting factors affecting the normal growth and development of tomatoes as well as fruit quality and yields. To further reveal the regulatory relationships between tomato hormones under salt stress, the interaction between hormones and TF and the genome-wide gene interaction network were analyzed and constructed. After salt treatment, the levels of ABA, SA, and JA were significantly increased, the levels of GA were decreased, and IAA and tZ showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The expression patterns of hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction related genes were analyzed based on RNA-seq analysis, the co-expression network of hormones and genome-wide co-expression networks were constructed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The expression patterns of specific transcription factors under salt stress were also systematically analyzed and identified 20 hormone-related candidate genes associated with salt stress. In conclusion, we first revealed the relationship between hormones and genes in tomatoes under salt stress based on hormone and transcriptome expression profiles and constructed a gene regulatory network. A transcriptional regulation model of tomato consisted of six types of hormones was also proposed. Our study provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating salt tolerance in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baike Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qinghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Liu W, Zhao C, Liu L, Huang D, Ma C, Li R, Huang L. Genome-wide identification of the TGA gene family in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis spp.) and revealing its roles in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:101-113. [PMID: 36150565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), is a destructive disease of kiwifruit worldwide. Functional genes in response to Psa infection are needed, as they could be utilized to control disease. TGACG-binding transcription factor (TGA), as an essential regulator, involved in the process of plant against pathogens. However, the function of TGA regulators has not been reported in kiwifruit. It is unclear that whether TGA genes play a role in response to Psa infection. Here, we performed genome-wide screening and identified 13 TGA genes in kiwifruit. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 13 members of the AcTGA gene family could be divided into five groups. AcTGA proteins were mainly located in the nucleus, and significant differences were identified in their 3D structures. Segmental duplications promoted the expansion of the AcTGA family. Additionally, RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR revealed that four genes (AcTGA01/06/07/09) were tissue-specific and responsive to hormones at different levels. Subcellular localization showed that four proteins located in the nucleus, and among them, three (AcTGA01/06/07) had transcriptional activation activity. Lastly, transient overexpression proved that these three genes (AcTGA01/06/07) potentially played a role in the resistance to kiwifruit canker. These results provided a theoretical basis for revealing TGA involved in kiwifruit regulation against Psa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Dong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Liu JN, Ma X, Yan L, Liang Q, Fang H, Wang C, Dong Y, Chai Z, Zhou R, Bao Y, Wang L, Gai S, Lang X, Yang KQ, Chen R, Wu D. MicroRNA and Degradome Profiling Uncover Defense Response of Fraxinus velutina Torr. to Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847853. [PMID: 35432418 PMCID: PMC9011107 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a major environmental problem that seriously threatens the sustainable development of regional ecosystems and local economies. Fraxinus velutina Torr. is an excellent salt-tolerant tree species, which is widely planted in the saline-alkaline soils in China. A growing body of evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the defense response of plants to salt stress; however, how miRNAs in F. velutina exert anti-salt stress remains unclear. We previously identified two contrasting F. velutina cuttings clones, salt-tolerant (R7) and salt-sensitive (S4) and found that R7 exhibits higher salt tolerance than S4. To identify salt-responsive miRNAs and their target genes, the leaves and roots of R7 and S4 exposed to salt stress were subjected to miRNA and degradome sequencing analysis. The results showed that compared with S4, R7 showed 89 and 138 differentially expressed miRNAs in leaves and roots, respectively. Specifically, in R7 leaves, miR164d, miR171b/c, miR396a, and miR160g targeting NAC1, SCL22, GRF1, and ARF18, respectively, were involved in salt tolerance. In R7 roots, miR396a, miR156a/b, miR8175, miR319a/d, and miR393a targeting TGA2.3, SBP14, GR-RBP, TCP2/4, and TIR1, respectively, participated in salt stress responses. Taken together, the findings presented here revealed the key regulatory network of miRNAs in R7 responding to salt stress, thereby providing new insights into improving salt tolerance of F. velutina through miRNA manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ning Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xinmei Ma
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Liang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zejia Chai
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yan Bao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lichang Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shasha Gai
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xinya Lang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ke Qiang Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Qiang Yang,
| | - Rong Chen
- Culaishan Forest Farm, Tai’an, China
- Rong Chen,
| | - Dejun Wu
- Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
- Dejun Wu,
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Yu Z, Duan X, Luo L, Dai S, Ding Z, Xia G. How Plant Hormones Mediate Salt Stress Responses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1117-1130. [PMID: 32675014 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major environmental stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. To adapt to salt stress, plants have developed various strategies to integrate exogenous salinity stress signals with endogenous developmental cues to optimize the balance of growth and stress responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that phytohormones, besides controlling plant growth and development under normal conditions, also mediate various environmental stresses, including salt stress, and thus regulate plant growth adaptation. In this review, we mainly discuss and summarize how plant hormones mediate salinity signals to regulate plant growth adaptation. We also highlight how, in response to salt stress, plants build a defense system by orchestrating the synthesis, signaling, and metabolism of various hormones via multiple crosstalks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Guangmin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Sun LM, Fang JB, Zhang M, Qi XJ, Lin MM, Chen JY. Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of the NPR1 Homolog in Kiwifruit ( Actinidia eriantha). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:551201. [PMID: 33042179 PMCID: PMC7524898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.551201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit bacterial canker, caused by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), is a destructive disease in the kiwifruit industry globally. Consequently, understanding the mechanism of defense against pathogens in kiwifruit could facilitate the development of effective novel protection strategies. The Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related genes 1 (NPR1) is a critical component of the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent signaling pathway. Here, a novel kiwifruit NPR1-like gene, designated AeNPR1a, was isolated by using PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends techniques. The full-length cDNA consisted of 1952 base pairs with a 1,746-bp open-reading frame encoding a 582 amino acid protein. Homology analysis showed that the AeNPR1a protein is significantly similar to the VvNPR1 of grape. A 2.0 Kb 5'-flanking region of AeNPR1a was isolated, and sequence identification revealed the presence of several putative cis-regulatory elements, including basic elements, defense and stress response elements, and binding sites for WRKY transcription factors. Real-time quantitative PCR results demonstrated that AeNPR1a had different expression patterns in various tissues, and its transcription could be induced by phytohormone treatment and Psa inoculation. The yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that AeNPR1a interacts with AeTGA2. Constitutive expression of AeNPR1a induced the expression of pathogenesis-related gene in transgenic tobacco plants and enhanced tolerance to bacterial pathogens. In addition, AeNPR1a expression could restore basal resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) in Arabidopsis npr1-1 mutant. Our data suggest that AeNPR1a gene is likely to play a pivotal role in defense responses in kiwifruit.
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Wan X, Peng L, Xiong J, Li X, Wang J, Li X, Yang Y. AtSIBP1, a Novel BTB Domain-Containing Protein, Positively Regulates Salt Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120573. [PMID: 31817461 PMCID: PMC6963258 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Because they are sessile organisms, plants need rapid and finely tuned signaling pathways to adapt to adverse environments, including salt stress. In this study, we identified a gene named Arabidopsis thaliana stress-induced BTB protein 1 (AtSIBP1), which encodes a nucleus protein with a BTB domain in its C-terminal side and is induced by salt and other stresses. The expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by the AtSIBP1 promoter was found to be significantly induced in the presence of NaCl. The sibp1 mutant that lost AtSIBP1 function was found to be highly sensitive to salt stress and more vulnerable to salt stress than the wild type WT, while the overexpression of AtSIBP1 transgenic plants exhibited more tolerance to salt stress. According to the DAB staining, the sibp1 mutant accumulated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the WT and AtSIBP1 overexpression plants after salt stress. In addition, the expression levels of stress-induced marker genes in AtSIBP1 overexpression plants were markedly higher than those in the WT and sibp1 mutant plants. Therefore, our results demonstrate that AtSIBP1 was a positive regulator in salinity responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-85412281
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Martínez-Ferri E, Moreno-Ortega G, van den Berg N, Pliego C. Mild water stress-induced priming enhance tolerance to Rosellinia necatrix in susceptible avocado rootstocks. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:458. [PMID: 31664901 PMCID: PMC6821026 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White root rot (WRR) disease caused by Rosellinia necatrix is one of the most important threats affecting avocado orchards in temperate regions. The eradication of WRR is a difficult task and environmentally friendly control methods are needed to lessen its impact. Priming plants with a stressor (biotic or abiotic) can be a strategy to enhance plant defense/tolerance against future stress episodes but, despite the known underlying common mechanisms, few studies use abiotic-priming for improving tolerance to forthcoming biotic-stress and vice versa ('cross-factor priming'). To assess whether cross-factor priming can be a potential method for enhancing avocado tolerance to WRR disease, 'Dusa' avocado rootstocks, susceptible to R. necatrix, were subjected to two levels of water stress (mild-WS and severe-WS) and, after drought-recovery, inoculated with R. necatrix. Physiological response and expression of plant defense related genes after drought-priming as well as the disease progression were evaluated. RESULTS Water-stressed avocado plants showed lower water potential and stomatal limitations of photosynthesis compared to control plants. In addition, NPQ and qN values increased, indicating the activation of energy dissipating mechanisms closely related to the relief of oxidative stress. This response was proportional to the severity of the water stress and was accompanied by the deregulation of pathogen defense-related genes in the roots. After re-watering, leaf photosynthesis and plant water status recovered rapidly in both treatments, but roots of mild-WS primed plants showed a higher number of overexpressed genes related with plant defense than severe-WS primed plants. Disease progression after inoculating primed plants with R. necatrix was significantly delayed in mild-WS primed plants. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that mild-WS can induce a primed state in the WRR susceptible avocado rootstock 'Dusa' and reveal that 'cross-factor priming' with water stress (abiotic stressor) is effective for increasing avocado tolerance against R. necatrix (biotic stressor), underpinning that plant responses against biotic and abiotic stress rely on common mechanisms. Potential applications of these results may involve an enhancement of WRR tolerance of current avocado groves and optimization of water use via low frequency deficit irrigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Martínez-Ferri
- IFAPA. Centro de Málaga. Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - G. Moreno-Ortega
- IFAPA. Centro de Málaga. Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - N. van den Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C. Pliego
- IFAPA. Centro de Málaga. Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
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Isolation and characterization of a novel seed-specific promoter from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3183-3191. [PMID: 30937655 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Peanut, whose seeds are ideal bioreactors for the production of recombinant proteins and/or nutrient metabolites, is one of the most important crop species worldwide. As important molecular tools, seed-specific promoters (SSPs) can direct the expression of foreign proteins specifically in seeds to avoid constitutive expression that can damage plants. However, few SSPs have been identified from this species. In this study, we isolated a novel SSP (we named it AHSSP2) from peanut. Several cis-acting elements commonly found in SSPs, including 3 copies of RYREPEAT elements, were dispersed throughout the 1970-bp sequence of AHSSP2. The sequence was then substituted in place of the 35S promoter sequence in a pBI121 plasmid, which was subsequently transformed into Arabidopsis. Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that AHSSP2 can drive GUS gene expression in the mature seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis, excluding within the testa. The cotyledons and hypocotyls of the germinating seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings also exhibited GUS activity, even after the seedlings became adult plants. No GUS activity was detected in nontransformed Arabidopsis at any stage. These results strongly suggested that AHSSP2 could drive the expression of foreign genes in a seed-specific manner. This study enriched SSP resources, and the results showed that AHSSP2 could be potentially utilized in peanut and other crop species to improve seed quality, such as modifications to seed oil content.
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11
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Backer R, Naidoo S, van den Berg N. The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and Related Family: Mechanistic Insights in Plant Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 30815005 PMCID: PMC6381062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and related NPR1-like proteins are a functionally similar, yet surprisingly diverse family of transcription co-factors. Initially, NPR1 in Arabidopsis was identified as a positive regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), paralogs NPR3 and NPR4 were later shown to be negative SAR regulators. The mechanisms involved have been the subject of extensive research and debate over the years, during which time a lot has been uncovered. The known roles of this protein family have extended to include influences over a broad range of systems including circadian rhythm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins and the development of lateral organs. Recently, important advances have been made in understanding the regulatory relationship between members of the NPR1-like protein family, providing new insight regarding their interactions, both with each other and other defense-related proteins. Most importantly the influence of salicylic acid (SA) on these interactions has become clearer with NPR1, NPR3, and NPR4 being considered bone fide SA receptors. Additionally, post-translational modification of NPR1 has garnered attention during the past years, adding to the growing regulatory complexity of this protein. Furthermore, growing interest in NPR1 overexpressing crops has provided new insights regarding the role of NPR1 in both biotic and abiotic stresses in several plant species. Given the wealth of information, this review aims to highlight and consolidate the most relevant and influential research in the field to date. In so doing, we attempt to provide insight into the mechanisms and interactions which underly the roles of the NPR1-like proteins in plant disease responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Backer
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Noëlani van den Berg,
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12
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Wang MR, Chen L, Teixeira da Silva JA, Volk GM, Wang QC. Cryobiotechnology of apple (Malus spp.): development, progress and future prospects. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:689-709. [PMID: 29327217 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation provides valuable genes for further breeding of elite cultivars, and cryotherapy improves the production of virus-free plants in Malus spp., thus assisting the sustainable development of the apple industry. Apple (Malus spp.) is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Wild Malus genetic resources and existing cultivars provide valuable genes for breeding new elite cultivars and rootstocks through traditional and biotechnological breeding programs. These valuable genes include those resistant to abiotic factors such as drought and salinity, and to biotic factors such as fungi, bacteria and aphids. Over the last three decades, great progress has been made in apple cryobiology, making Malus one of the most extensively studied plant genera with respect to cryopreservation. Explants such as pollen, seeds, in vivo dormant buds, and in vitro shoot tips have all been successfully cryopreserved, and large Malus cryobanks have been established. Cryotherapy has been used for virus eradication, to obtain virus-free apple plants. Cryopreservation provided valuable genes for further breeding of elite cultivars, and cryotherapy improved the production of virus-free plants in Malus spp., thus assisting the sustainable development of the apple industry. This review provides updated and comprehensive information on the development and progress of apple cryopreservation and cryotherapy. Future research will reveal new applications and uses for apple cryopreservation and cryotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Gayle M Volk
- National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Silva KJP, Mahna N, Mou Z, Folta KM. NPR1 as a transgenic crop protection strategy in horticultural species. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:15. [PMID: 29581883 PMCID: PMC5862871 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The NPR1 (NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENES1) gene has a central role in the long-lasting, broad-spectrum defense response known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When overexpressed in a transgenic context in Arabidopsis thaliana, this gene enhances resistance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. Its position as a key regulator of defense across diverse plant species makes NPR1 a strong candidate gene for genetic engineering disease and stress tolerance into other crops. High-value horticultural crops face many new challenges from pests and pathogens, and their emergence exceeds the pace of traditional breeding, making the application of NPR1-based strategies potentially useful in fruit and vegetable crops. However, plants overexpressing NPR1 occasionally present detrimental morphological traits that make its application less attractive. The practical utility of NPR-based approaches will be a balance of resistance gains versus other losses. In this review, we summarize the progress on the understanding of NPR1-centered applications in horticultural and other crop plants. We also discuss the effect of the ectopic expression of the A. thaliana NPR1 gene and its orthologs in crop plants and outline the future challenges of using NPR1 in agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasser Mahna
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Kevin M. Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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14
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Wang L, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang G, Yang L, Wang L, Wang R, Xie Z. Overexpression of LhSorNPR1, a NPR1-like gene from the oriental hybrid lily 'Sorbonne', conferred enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:793-808. [PMID: 29158629 PMCID: PMC5671448 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The non-expressor of the pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) is a master regulator in defense signaling of plants and plays a key role in basal and systemic acquired resistance. In this study, we isolated a NPR1-like gene from the oriental hybrid lily 'Sorbonne' (designated as LhSorNPR1) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The open reading frame of LhSorNPR1 consisted of 1854 bp, encoding a protein of 617 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that LhSorNPR1 shares high similarity to NPR1-like proteins and characteristics of the BTB/POZ domain and ankyrin repeats. A comparison between the intron/exon organization of LhSorNPR1 and orthologs from other plant species demonstrated that NPR1 genomic fragments (including LhSorNPR1) are all composed of 4 exons and 3 introns. We also identified sequence motifs involved in hormone response and binding sites for RAV1 proteins and WRKY transcription factors through the prediction of cis-regulatory elements in the LhSorNPR1 promoter. Our gene expression analysis showed that LhSorNPR1 transcript levels significantly differed in various tissues, and that LhSorNPR1 expressions were induced by sodium salicylate, ethephon, and methyl jasmonate. Furthermore, we transformed LhSorNPR1 into Col-0 wild-type Arabidopsis to conduct function analysis, and we observed enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in the Arabidopsis expressing LhSorNPR1 gene. The enhanced disease resistance of LhSorNPR1 expressing plants could correlate to elevated expression levels in pathogenesis-related genes (PR1, PR2, and PR5) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Guo Yang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Liu Yang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Li Wang
- Forest Tree Seedling Station of Alashan League, Alashan League, 750300 China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Zhongkui Xie
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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15
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Foyer CH, Rasool B, Davey JW, Hancock RD. Cross-tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants: a focus on resistance to aphid infestation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2025-37. [PMID: 26936830 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants co-evolved with an enormous variety of microbial pathogens and insect herbivores under daily and seasonal variations in abiotic environmental conditions. Hence, plant cells display a high capacity to respond to diverse stresses through a flexible and finely balanced response network that involves components such as reduction-oxidation (redox) signalling pathways, stress hormones and growth regulators, as well as calcium and protein kinase cascades. Biotic and abiotic stress responses use common signals, pathways and triggers leading to cross-tolerance phenomena, whereby exposure to one type of stress can activate plant responses that facilitate tolerance to several different types of stress. While the acclimation mechanisms and adaptive responses that facilitate responses to single biotic and abiotic stresses have been extensively characterized, relatively little information is available on the dynamic aspects of combined biotic/abiotic stress response. In this review, we consider how the abiotic environment influences plant responses to attack by phloem-feeding aphids. Unravelling the signalling cascades that underpin cross-tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses will allow the identification of new targets for increasing environmental resilience in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Brwa Rasool
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jack W Davey
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Robert D Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
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