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Gomes EN, Yuan B, Patel HK, Lockhart A, Wyenandt CA, Wu Q, Simon JE. Implications of the Propagation Method for the Phytochemistry of Nepeta cataria L. throughout a Growing Season. Molecules 2024; 29:2001. [PMID: 38731491 PMCID: PMC11085440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) plants produce a wide array of specialized metabolites with multiple applications for human health. The productivity of such metabolites, including nepetalactones, and natural insect repellents is influenced by the conditions under which the plants are cultivated. In this study, we assessed how field-grown catnip plants, transplanted after being propagated via either single-node stem cuttings or seeds, varied regarding their phytochemical composition throughout a growing season in two distinct environmental conditions (Pittstown and Upper Deerfield) in the state of New Jersey, United States. Iridoid terpenes were quantified in plant tissues via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS), and phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) were analyzed via UHPLC with diode-array detection (UHPLC-DAD). The highest contents of total nepetalactones in Pittstown were found at 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT) for both seedlings and cuttings (1305.4 and 1223.3 mg/100 g, respectively), while in Upper Deerfield, the highest contents for both propagules were at 11 WAT (1247.7 and 997.1 mg/100 g, respectively) for seed-propagated and stem cuttings). The highest concentration of nepetalactones was associated with floral-bud to partial-flowering stages. Because plants in Pittstown accumulated considerably more biomass than plants grown in Upper Deerfield, the difference in nepetalactone production per plant was striking, with peak productivity reaching only 598.9 mg per plant in Upper Deerfield and 1833.1 mg per plant in Pittstown. Phenolic acids accumulated in higher contents towards the end of the season in both locations, after a period of low precipitation, and flavone glycosides had similar accumulation patterns to nepetalactones. In both locations, rooted stem cuttings reached their maximum nepetalactone productivity, on average, four weeks later than seed-propagated plants, suggesting that seedlings have, overall, better agronomic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nunes Gomes
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, DF, Brazil
| | - Bo Yuan
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Harna K. Patel
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Anthony Lockhart
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Core Facility for Natural Products and Bioanalysis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christian A. Wyenandt
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center (RAREC), Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ 08302, USA
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Core Facility for Natural Products and Bioanalysis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - James E. Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Core Facility for Natural Products and Bioanalysis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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2
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Ranjbar M, Khakdan F, Ghorbani A, Zargar M, Chen M. The variations in gene expression of GAPDH in Ocimum basilicum cultivars under drought-induced stress conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119187-119203. [PMID: 37919503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) holds a pivotal role within the glycolytic pathway of higher plants. It has garnered attention as a significant target protein in instances of oxidative stress, where it can engage in thiolation reactions within its active site. Numerous genes encoding cytosolic iterations of GAPDH have been identified and analyzed in specific plant species. This investigation was conducted to gain insights into GAPDH's function amidst drought-induced stress. Within this framework, the basil plant (Ocimum basilicum) was chosen for focused exploration, encompassing the cloning of the comprehensive cDNA of basil GAPDH (ObGAPDH) and scrutinizing its patterns of expression. The complete sequence of Ob-GAPDH spanned 1315 base pairs. The resultant protein derived from this sequence comprised 399 amino acids, projecting a molecular weight of approximately 42.54 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.01. An examination of the evolutionary connections among various GAPDH proteins unveiled ObGAPDH's shared lineage with GAPDH proteins sourced from other plants, such as Salvia splendens and Sesamum indicum. Furthermore, computational methodologies were harnessed to predict the potential oxidative role of ObGAPDH in response to external signals. Molecular docking simulations illuminated the interaction between ObGAPDH and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a ligand. Scrutinizing the expression patterns of the ObGAPDH gene under conditions of water scarcity stress brought to light diverse levels of transcriptional activity. Collectively, these findings underscore the notion that the regulation of ObGAPDH expression is contingent upon both the specific plant cultivar and the presence of stress stemming from drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | | | - Abazar Ghorbani
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Meisam Zargar
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Moxian Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Nieschalke K, Bergau N, Jessel S, Seidel A, Baldermann S, Schreiner M, Abraham K, Lampen A, Monien BH, Kleuser B, Glatt H, Schumacher F. Urinary Excretion of Mercapturic Acids of the Rodent Carcinogen Methyleugenol after a Single Meal of Basil Pesto: A Controlled Exposure Study in Humans. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1753-1767. [PMID: 37875262 PMCID: PMC10664145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Methyleugenol (ME), found in numerous plants and spices, is a rodent carcinogen and is classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans". The hypothesis of a carcinogenic risk for humans is supported by the observation of ME-derived DNA adducts in almost all human liver and lung samples examined. Therefore, a risk assessment of ME is needed. Unfortunately, biomarkers of exposure for epidemiological studies are not yet available. We hereby present the first detection of N-acetyl-l-cysteine conjugates (mercapturic acids) of ME in human urine samples after consumption of a popular ME-containing meal, pasta with basil pesto. We synthesized mercapturic acid conjugates of ME, identified the major product as N-acetyl-S-[3'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl]-l-cysteine (E-3'-MEMA), and developed methods for its extraction and LC-MS/MS quantification in human urine. For conducting an exposure study in humans, a basil cultivar with a suitable ME content was grown for the preparation of basil pesto. A defined meal containing 100 g of basil pesto, corresponding to 1.7 mg ME, was served to 12 participants, who collected the complete urine at defined time intervals for 48 h. Using d6-E-3'-MEMA as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification, we were able to detect E-3'-MEMA in urine samples of all participants collected after the ME-containing meal. Excretion was maximal between 2 and 6 h after the meal and was completed within about 12 h (concentrations below the limit of detection). Excreted amounts were only between 1 and 85 ppm of the ME intake, indicating that the ultimate genotoxicant, 1'-sulfooxy-ME, is formed to a subordinate extent or is not efficiently detoxified by glutathione conjugation and subsequent conversion to mercapturic acids. Both explanations may apply cumulatively, with the ubiquitous detection of ME DNA adducts in human lung and liver specimens arguing against an extremely low formation of 1'-sulfooxy-ME. Taken together, we hereby present the first noninvasive human biomarker reflecting an internal exposure toward reactive ME species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Nieschalke
- Department
of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick Bergau
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sönke Jessel
- Biochemical
Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer-Foundation, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Albrecht Seidel
- Biochemical
Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer-Foundation, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Department
Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz
Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- Faculty of
Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition & Health, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department
Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz
Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Monien
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department
of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department
of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Ryu DH, Cho JY, Yang SH, Kim HY. Effects of Harvest Timing on Phytochemical Composition in Lamiaceae Plants under an Environment-Controlled System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1909. [PMID: 38001762 PMCID: PMC10669742 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lamiaceae family is widely recognized for its production of essential oils and phenolic compounds that have promising value as pharmaceutical materials. However, the impact of environmental conditions and different harvest stages on the phytochemical composition of Lamiaceae plants remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of harvest time on the phytochemical composition, including rosmarinic acid (RA) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), of four Lamiaceae plants-Korean mint (AR), lemon balm (MO), opal basil (OBP), and sage (SO)-and was conducted under an environment-controlled system. Although all four plants had RA as the dominant compound, its distribution varied by species. The flowered plants, including AR and OBP, exhibited a rapid increase of RA during the transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. In contrast, non-flowered groups, including MO and SO, showed a steady increase in the content of total phenolics and RA. The main components of VOCs also differed depending on the plant, with characteristic fragrance compounds identified for each one (AR: estragole; MO: (Z)-neral and geranial; OBP: methyl eugenol, eugenol, and linalool; and SO: (Z)-thujone, camphor, and humulene). The total VOCs content was highest on the 60th day after transplanting regardless of the species, while the trends of total phenolics, RA content, and antioxidant activities were different depending on whether plant species flowered during the cultivation cycle. There was a steady increase in species that had not flowered, and the highest content and activity of the flowering period were confirmed in the flowering plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.R.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jwa-Yeong Cho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.R.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.R.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Chutimanukul P, Jindamol H, Thongtip A, Korinsak S, Romyanon K, Toojinda T, Darwell CT, Wanichananan P, Panya A, Kaewsri W, Auvuchanon A, Mosaleeyanon K, Chutimanukul P. Physiological responses and variation in secondary metabolite content among Thai holy basil cultivars ( Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) grown under controlled environmental conditions in a plant factory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008917. [PMID: 36340360 PMCID: PMC9634403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) is a widely used herb containing several bioactive compounds of interest for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Plant factories using artificial lighting (PFAL) is a modern agricultural system that offers opportunity to improve crop production and stabilizes productivity in many herbal plants. However, little is known about the variation among holy basil varieties that can be cultivated and provide reasonable biomass and bioactive compounds in PFAL. We therefore evaluated 10 Thai accessions and two commercial cultivars in a PFAL (with hydroponic cultivation) to categorize cultivar characteristics by investigating physiological responses and secondary metabolite variation at plant flowering stage. Among Thai varieties, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was significantly highest in varieties OC059 and OC081. The greatest growth and biomass measures were observed in OC064. Antioxidant capacity also varied, with the greatest accumulation of total phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay in OC064, and highest terpenoid content in OC194. The accumulation of major compounds confirmed by showing the highest levels of eugenol in OC057, OC063, OC194, and OC195 and methyl eugenol in OC072 and OC081. The highest α-humulene content was found in OC059. PCA based on physiological responses and secondary metabolites indicate that OC064 was clearly distinguished from other cultivars/accessions. These findings demonstrate variation across holy basil accessions for physiologic responses, antioxidant capacity, and secondary compounds in PFAL. These insights lead to identification of suitable varieties which is the most important step of developing an efficient method for producing high quality raw materials of Thai holy basil for supplying the foods and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panita Chutimanukul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Hathairut Jindamol
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Akira Thongtip
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Siripar Korinsak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Romyanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Clive Terence Darwell
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Praderm Wanichananan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Atikorn Panya
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wilailak Kaewsri
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anyamanee Auvuchanon
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, sNakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kriengkrai Mosaleeyanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Preuk Chutimanukul
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Centre, Khlong Nueng, Thailand
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Khakdan F, Govahi M, Mohebi Z, Ranjbar M. Water deficit stress responses of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in different Iranian cultivars of basil. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:896-910. [PMID: 34161632 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum, a popular aromatic plant, contains aromatic terpenes of terpenoids with in vivo and in vitro verified cytotoxicity. Considering the characteristics and potential of its utilization, it would be attractive to reveal its regulation and biosynthesis, originally at the molecular level under water deficit stress. For this aim, for the first time, the gene encoding the enzyme involved in the end step of the MEP biosynthetic pathways (HDR) was cloned, and the accumulation ratio of linalool, germacrene D and γ-cadinene compounds as well as the expression trait of four critical genes (i.e., HDR, LinS, GerS, and GadS) was assessed under water deficit stress in three Iranian cultivars of basil. The highest value of linalool and γ-cadinene were detected for Cultivar 1 (Cult. 1) under mild stress (W1; 52.6 and 21.1%), while insignificant amounts were obtained for Cultivar 3 (Cult. 3). The germacrene D level of Cultivar 2 (Cult. 2) increased under severe and moderate water stresses as compared with mild water deficit stress. Apart from some expectation, all the studied genes demonstrated divergent transcription ratios under water deficit stress. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that the relative water content (RWC) and HDR gene expression correlated significantly with essential oil components and gene expression in Cult. 1 and 2, which could represent an elevated demand for corresponding metabolites in the plant tissues. The present work elaborates on the regulation of the mentioned genes, and the results indicate that the production of terpenoids might be a drought stress-dependent and cultivar-dependent procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Govahi
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohebi
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Ríos-Rodríguez D, Sahi VP, Nick P. Authentication of holy basil using markers relating to a toxicology-relevant compound. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHoly Basil—Ocimumtenuiflorum—is one of the popular new “superfoods” thought to act as an antioxidant and to reduce stress and anxiety. However, it is often surrogated with other Ocimum species differing in their chemical profiles that may even pose health risks to the consumers. Moreover, even specific chemotypes of Holy Basil itself can be toxicologically relevant, because they sometimes contain the carcinogen compound methyleugenol. Using DNA barcoding based on plastidic markers, O.tenuiflorum can be differentiated from other species of Ocimum. However, this approach is still suboptimal in handling larger sample numbers and in tracing chemotypes that accumulate methyleugenol. We have, therefore, designed a trait-related DNA barcode based on the enzyme eugenol O-methyltransferase (EOMT), responsible for the synthesis of methyleugenol. We show that a multiplex PCR combining trait-related and trait-independent markers can differentiate O.tenuiflorum from other Ocimum species and identify methyleugenol chemotypes of O.tenuiflorum, even in dried material sold as mixtures.
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Mota I, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Pedro LG, Sousa MJ. Composition variation of the essential oil from Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Genovese Gigante in response to Glomus intraradices and mild water stress at different stages of growth. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu J, Xu C, Zhang H, Liu F, Ma D, Liu Z. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis for Gene Mining and Identification of a Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Involved in Methyleugenol Biosynthesis from Asarum sieboldii Miq. Molecules 2018; 23:E3184. [PMID: 30513938 PMCID: PMC6321292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Asarum sieboldii Miq., one of the three original plants of TCM ASARI RADIX ET RHIZOMA, is a perennial herb distributed in central and eastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. Methyleugenol has been considered as the most important constituent of Asarum volatile oil, meanwhile asarinin is also employed as the quality control standard of ASARI RADIX ET RHIZOMA in Chinese Pharmacopeia. They both have shown wide range of biological activities. However, little was known about genes involved in biosynthesis pathways of either methyleugenol or asarinin in Asarum plants. In the present study, we performed de novo transcriptome analysis of plant tissues (e.g., roots, rhizomes, and leaves) at different developmental stages. The sequence assembly resulted in 311,597 transcripts from these plant materials, among which 925 transcripts participated in 'secondary metabolism' with particularly up to 20.22% of them falling into phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. The corresponding enzymes belong to seven families potentially encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (C4H), p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and eugenol synthase (EGS). Moreover, 5 unigenes of DIR (dirigent protein) and 11 unigenes of CYP719A (719A subfamily of cytochrome P450 oxygenases) were speculated to be involved in asarinin pathway. Of the 15 candidate CADs, four unigenes that possessed high FPKM (fragments per transcript kilobase per million fragments mapped) value in roots were cloned and characterized. Only the recombinant AsCAD5 protein efficiently converted p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols, which are key intermediates employed not only in biosynthesis of lignin but also in that of methyleugenol and asarinin. qRT-PCR revealed that AsCAD5 had a high expression level in roots at three developmental stages. Our study will provide insight into the potential application of molecular breeding and metabolic engineering for improving the quality of TCM ASARI RADIX ET RHIZOMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Chong Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Jiusan administration of Heilongjiang farms & land reclamation, Harbin 161441, China.
| | - Fawang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Dongming Ma
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Nakahira M, Ono H, Wee SL, Tan KH, Nishida R. Floral synomone diversification of Bulbophyllum sibling species (Orchidaceae) in attracting fruit fly pollinators. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Khakdan F, Alizadeh H, Ranjbar M. Molecular cloning, functional characterization and expression of a drought inducible phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (ObPAL) from Ocimum basilicum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:464-472. [PMID: 30077922 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a control point for branched phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathways. It represents the first regulatory step to provide a metabolic flux to produce of the precursors needed for biosynthesizing main volatile phenylpropanoid compounds (methyleugenol and methylchavicol) in basil. It is crucial during the stage of the environmental and development stimulants. To obtain better knowledge of the biosynthesis of these phenylpropene compounds, characterization and cloning of Ocimum basilicum PAL (ObPAL) cDNA and its heterologous expression and enzyme activity were assessed. The almost full-length ObPAL was 2064 bp in size encoding a 687-amino-acid polypeptide with molecular weight of 74.642 kDa and theoretical pI of 8.62. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a significant evolutionary relatedness of ObPAL with the PAL sequence reported in different species of Lamiaceae. To further confirm its function, ObPAL was cloned into pET28a (+) vector and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein exhibited high PAL activity and could catalyze the L-Phe conversion to trans-cinnamic acid. Expression analysis of PAL gene showed that ObPAL manifested various transcription ratios exposed to drought stress. Overall, our results demonstrated the ObPAL regulation gene is possibly a mechanism dependent on cultivar and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khakdan
- Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Division of Molecular Plant Genetics, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
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Rastogi S, Shasany AK. Ocimum Genome Sequencing—A Futuristic Therapeutic Mine. THE OCIMUM GENOME 2018. [PMCID: PMC7124093 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97430-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms from the past decade are in the continuous efforts of changing the impact of sequencing on our current knowledge about plant genes, genomes, and their regulation. Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L. or sanctum L.) genome sequencing has also paved the path for deeper exploration of the medicinal properties of this beneficial herb making it a true ‘elixir of life.’ The draft genome sequence of the holy basil has not only opened the avenues for the drug discovery but has also widened the prospects of the molecular breeding for development of new improved plant varieties.
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Khakdan F, Nasiri J, Ranjbar M, Alizadeh H. Water deficit stress fluctuates expression profiles of 4Cl, C3H, COMT, CVOMT and EOMT genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of volatile phenylpropanoids alongside accumulation of methylchavicol and methyleugenol in different Iranian cultivars of basil. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:74-83. [PMID: 28787649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, for the first time, the accumulation ratio of methylchavicol and methyleugenoland compounds together with the expression profiles of five critical genes (i.e., 4Cl, C3H, COMT, CVOMT and EOMT) in three Iranian cultivars of basil were assessed under water deficit stress at flowering stage. The highest value of methylchavicol was detected for Cul. 3 under severe stress (S3; 7.695μg/mg) alongside Cul. 2 under similar circumstances (S3; 4.133μg/mg), while regarding Cul. 1, no detectable amounts were acquired. Considering methyleugenol, Cul. 3 (0.396μg/mg; S0) followed by Cul. 1 (S3; 0.160μg/mg) were the capable plant samples in producing some detectable amounts of methyleugenol. Apart from some expectations, all the genes under study exhibited also different transcription ratios under deficit stress. Our results, overall, demonstrated that the regulation of the above-mentioned genes and production of methychavicol and methyleugenol seems to be a cultivar- and drought stress-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khakdan
- Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Jaber Nasiri
- Division of Molecular Plant Genetics, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Division of Molecular Plant Genetics, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
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Singh P, Kalunke RM, Giri AP. Towards comprehension of complex chemical evolution and diversification of terpene and phenylpropanoid pathways in Ocimum species. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of chemical diversity and diversification of terpene and phenylpropanoid pathway inOcimumspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Raviraj M. Kalunke
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Ashok P. Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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