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Lei Q, Yu Q, Yang N, Xiao Z, Song C, Zhang R, Yang S, Liu Z, Deng H. Therapeutic potential of targeting polo-like kinase 4. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116115. [PMID: 38199166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, masterfully regulates centriole duplication in a spatiotemporal manner to ensure the fidelity of centrosome duplication and proper mitosis. Abnormal expression of PLK4 contributes to genomic instability and associates with a poor prognosis in cancer. Inhibition of PLK4 is demonstrated to exhibit significant efficacy against various types of human cancers, further highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. As such, numerous small-molecule inhibitors with distinct chemical scaffolds targeting PLK4 have been extensively investigated for the treatment of different human cancers, with several undergoing clinical evaluation (e.g., CFI-400945). Here, we review the structure, distribution, and biological functions of PLK4, encapsulate its intricate regulatory mechanisms of expression, and highlighting its multifaceted roles in cancer development and metastasis. Moreover, the recent advancements of PLK4 inhibitors in patent or literature are summarized, and their therapeutic potential as monotherapies or combination therapies with other anticancer agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Quanwei Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Na Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhaolin Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Shuxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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2
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Portelinha A, da Silva Ferreira M, Erazo T, Jiang M, Asgari Z, de Stanchina E, Younes A, Wendel HG. Synthetic lethality of drug-induced polyploidy and BCL-2 inhibition in lymphoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1522. [PMID: 36934096 PMCID: PMC10024740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous whole genome duplication and the adaptive mutations that disrupt genome integrity checkpoints are infrequent events in B cell lymphomas. This suggests that lymphomas might be vulnerable to therapeutics that acutely trigger genomic instability and polyploidy. Here, we report a therapeutic combination of inhibitors of the Polo-like kinase 4 and BCL-2 that trigger genomic instability and cell death in aggressive lymphomas. The synthetic lethality is selective for tumor cells and spares vital organs. Mechanistically, inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 4 impair centrosome duplication and cause genomic instability. The elimination of polyploid cells largely depends on the pro-apoptotic BAX protein. Consequently, the combination of drugs that induce polyploidy with the BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax is highly synergistic and safe against xenograft and PDX models. We show that B cell lymphomas are ill-equipped for acute, therapy-induced polyploidy and that BCL-2 inhibition further enhances the removal of polyploid lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Portelinha
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Erazo
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Man Jiang
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- AstraZeneca, Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Wang L, Sun Y, Wang J, Xue Y, Sun Y, Qin Q, Sun Y, Zhao D, Cheng M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a potent PLK4 inhibitor WY29 with 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200490. [PMID: 36442843 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Centriole duplication occurs once per cell cycle and is regulated by Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4). Overexpression of PLK4 in somatic cells can lead to the excessive formation of centrioles, directly causing chromosome segregation errors and tumorigenesis. In this study, we described our efforts to develop a series of PLK4 inhibitors with 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine core, and further structure- and receptor-based design and optimization resulted in a potent inhibitor WY29 (IC50 = 0.027 μM), which exhibited good selectivity to other PLK family members (PLK1-3). At the cellular level, compound WY29 showed excellent antiproliferative activity against three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, BT474, and MDA-MB-231) while weak inhibitory activity was found on normal cell line HUVECs. In addition, the in vitro preliminary drug-like properties evaluation of compound WY29 showed outstanding stability in human plasma and liver microsomes, and weak inhibitory activity against the major subtypes of human cytochrome P450. Also, the drug-like properties prediction of compound WY29 displayed remarkable drug-like properties (drug-likeness mode score: 1.06). In conclusion, these results support the further development of compound WY29 as a lead compound for PLK4-targeted anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Chen S, Zhong L, Chu X, Wan P, Liu Z, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhou Z, Shao X, Liu B. Downregulation of Polo-like kinase 4 induces cell apoptosis and G2/M arrest in acute myeloid leukemia. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154376. [PMID: 36821942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a crucial regulator for centriole replication and is reported to be aberrantly expressed in various cancers, where it participates to tumorigenesis. However, PLK4 effect in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is still uncertain. This study investigates the function of PLK4 in AML. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the level of PLK4. Centrinone, a selective PLK4 small molecule inhibitor, was used for PLK4 inhibition and explore its effect in AML cells. The cell growth was detected by the CCK8, while the cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The level of proteins associated with apoptosis, cell cycle and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS PLK4 was overexpressed in AML cells. PLK4 knockdown or its specific inhibition by centrinone induced G2/M phase arrest via suppressing the expression of cyclin B1 and Cdc2 and promoting the level of proapoptotic proteins. Moreover, PLK4 targeting enhanced the level of proteins related to ER stress, such as GRP78, ATF4, ATF6, and CHOP. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that targeting PLK4 can induce apoptosis, G2/M and ER stress in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Chen
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuan Chu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhenyan Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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5
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Sun Y, Xue Y, Liu H, Mu S, Sun P, Sun Y, Wang L, Wang H, Wang J, Wu T, Yin W, Qin Q, Sun Y, Yang H, Zhao D, Cheng M. Discovery of CZS-241: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Polo-Like Kinase 4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2396-2421. [PMID: 36734825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that PLK4 has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple cancers owing to its indispensable role in cell division. Herein, starting from previously identified effective compound CZS-034, based on rational drug design strategies, tyrosine kinase receptor A (TRKA) selectivity- and metabolic stability-guided structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration were carried out to discover a highly potent (IC50 = 2.6 nM) and selective (SF = 1054.4 over TRKA) PLK4 inhibitor B43 (CZS-241) with acceptable human liver microsome stability (t1/2 = 31.5 min). Moreover, compound B43 effectively inhibited leukemia cells in 29 tested cell lines, especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines K562 and KU-812. Pharmacokinetic characteristics revealed that compound B43 possessed over 4 h of half-life and 70.8% bioavailability in mice. In the K562 cells xenograft mouse model, a 20 mg/kg/day dosage treatment obviously suppressed tumor progression. As a potential and novel PLK4-targeted candidate drug for CML, compound B43 is undergoing extensive preclinical safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Pengkun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Huali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
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Kao CH, Su TY, Huang WS, Lu XY, Jane WN, Huang CY, Huang HH, Wang WJ. TFEB- and TFE3-dependent autophagy activation supports cancer proliferation in the absence of centrosomes. Autophagy 2022; 18:2830-2850. [PMID: 35316161 PMCID: PMC9673955 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2051880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a phenomenon frequently observed in human cancers, so centrosome depletion has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy. However, despite being afflicted with a lack of centrosomes, many cancer cells can still proliferate, implying there are impediments to adopting centrosome depletion as a treatment strategy. Here, we show that TFEB- and TFE3-dependent autophagy activation contributes to acentrosomal cancer proliferation. Our biochemical analyses uncover that both TFEB and TFE3 are novel PLK4 (polo like kinase 4) substrates. Centrosome depletion inactivates PLK4, resulting in TFEB and TFE3 dephosphorylation and subsequent promotion of TFEB and TFE3 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of autophagy- and lysosome-related genes. A combination of centrosome depletion and inhibition of the TFEB-TFE3 autophagy-lysosome pathway induced strongly anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells. Thus, our findings point to a new strategy for combating cancer.Abbreviations: AdCre: adenoviral Cre recombinase; AdLuc: adenoviral luciferase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DKO: double knockout; GFP: green fluorescent protein; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LTR: LysoTracker Red; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MITF: melanocyte inducing transcription factor; PLK4: polo like kinase 4; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SASS6: SAS-6 centriolar assembly protein; STIL: STIL centriolar assembly protein; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TFEBΔNLS: TFEB lacking a nuclear localization signal; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Su
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei-Syun Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Xin-Ying Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yung Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
- CONTACT Won-Jing Wang Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
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7
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Structure-based discovery of 1-(3-fluoro-5-(5-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)urea as a potent and selective nanomolar type-II PLK4 inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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A Deep Neural Network for Gastric Cancer Prognosis Prediction Based on Biological Information Pathways. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2965166. [PMID: 36117847 PMCID: PMC9481367 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2965166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world, with a 5-year overall survival rate of lower than 20% for patients with advanced GC. Genomic information is now frequently employed for precision cancer treatment due to the rapid advancements of high-throughput sequencing technologies. As a result, integrating multiomics data to construct predictive models for the GC patient prognosis is critical for tailored medical care. Results In this study, we integrated multiomics data to design a biological pathway-based gastric cancer sparse deep neural network (GCS-Net) by modifying the P-NET model for long-term survival prediction of GC. The GCS-Net showed higher accuracy (accuracy = 0.844), area under the curve (AUC = 0.807), and F1 score (F1 = 0.913) than traditional machine learning models. Furthermore, the GCS-Net not only enables accurate patient survival prognosis but also provides model interpretability capabilities lacking in most traditional deep neural networks to describe the complex biological process of prognosis. The GCS-Net suggested the importance of genes (UBE2C, JAK2, RAD21, CEP250, NUP210, PTPN1, CDC27, NINL, NUP188, and PLK4) and biological pathways (Mitotic Anaphase, Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion, and SUMO E3 ligases) to GC, which is consistent with the results revealed in biological- and medical-related studies of GC. Conclusion The GCS-Net is an interpretable deep neural network built using biological pathway information whose structure represents a nonlinear hierarchical representation of genes and biological pathways. It can not only accurately predict the prognosis of GC patients but also suggest the importance of genes and biological pathways. The GCS-Net opens up new avenues for biological research and could be adapted for other cancer prediction and discovery activities as well.
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Mu XR, Ma MM, Lu ZY, Liu J, Xue YT, Cao J, Zeng LY, Li F, Xu KL, Wu QY. Effects of the PLK4 inhibitor Centrinone on the biological behaviors of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Front Genet 2022; 13:898474. [PMID: 36051696 PMCID: PMC9424683 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.898474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a key regulator of centriole biogenesis, is frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. However, roles and the mechanism of PLK4 in the leukemiagenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. In this study, the PLK4 inhibitor Centrinone and the shRNA knockdown were used to investigate roles and the mechanism of PLK4 in the leukemiagenesis of AML. Our results indicated that Centrinone inhibited the proliferation of AML cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner via reduced the expression of PLK4 both in the protein and mRNA levels. Moreover, colony formation assay revealed that Centrinone reduced the number and the size of the AML colonies. Centrinone induced AML cell apoptosis by increasing the activation of Caspase-3/poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Notably, Centrinone caused the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by decreasing the expression of cell cycle-related proteins such as Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, and Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Consistent with above results, knockdown the expression of PLK4 also inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, induced cell apoptosis, and caused G2/M phase cell cycle arrest without affecting cell differentiation. All in all, this study suggested that PLK4 inhibited the progression of AML in vitro, and these results herein may provide clues in roles of PLK4 in the leukemiagenesis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ru Mu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Meng Ma
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Yi Lu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Tong Xue
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zeng
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Li, ; Kai-Lin Xu, ; Qing-Yun Wu,
| | - Kai-Lin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Li, ; Kai-Lin Xu, ; Qing-Yun Wu,
| | - Qing-Yun Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Li, ; Kai-Lin Xu, ; Qing-Yun Wu,
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10
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Sun Y, Sun Y, Wang L, Wu T, Yin W, Wang J, Xue Y, Qin Q, Sun Y, Yang H, Zhao D, Cheng M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent PLK4 inhibitors for the treatment of TRIM37-amplified breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Yin F, Wei Z, Chen F, Xin C, Chen Q. Molecular targets of primary cilia defects in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:98. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Yin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fangman Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Xin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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12
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Huang RL, Liu C, Fu R, Yan Y, Yang J, Wang X, Li Q. Downregulation of PLK4 expression induces apoptosis and G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest in keloid fibroblasts. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13271. [PMID: 35670224 PMCID: PMC9251049 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Keloids are benign fibroproliferative tumors that display many cancer‐like characteristics, such as progressive uncontrolled growth, lack of spontaneous regression, and extremely high rates of recurrence. Polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK4) was recently identified as a master regulator of centriole replication, and its aberrant expression is closely associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the expression and biological role of PLK4 in the pathogenesis of keloids. Materials and Methods We evaluated the expression of PLK4 in keloids and adjacent normal skin tissue samples. Then, we established PLK4 knockdown and overexpression cell lines in keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and normal skin fibroblasts (NFs), respectively, to investigate the roles of PLK4 in the regulation of proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle in KFs. Centrinone B (Cen‐B), a highly selective PLK4 inhibitor, was used to inhibit PLK4 activity in KFs to evaluate the therapeutic effect on KFs. Results We discovered that PLK4 was overexpressed in keloid dermal samples and KFs compared with adjacent normal skin samples and NFs derived from the same patients. High PLK4 expression was positively associated with the proliferation, migration, and invasion of KFs. Furthermore, knockdown of PLK4 expression or inhibition of PLK4 activity by Cen‐B suppressed KF growth, induced KF apoptosis via the caspase‐9/3 pathway, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in vitro. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that PLK4 is a critical regulator of KF proliferation, migration, and invasion, and thus, Cen‐B is a promising candidate drug for keloid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinggang Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Keep Calm and Carry on with Extra Centrosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020442. [PMID: 35053604 PMCID: PMC8774008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Precise chromosome segregation during mitosis is a vital event orchestrated by formation of bipolar spindle poles. Supernumerary centrosomes, caused by centrosome amplification, deteriorates mitotic processes, resulting in segregation defects leading to chromosomal instability (CIN). Centrosome amplification is frequently observed in various types of cancer and considered as a significant contributor to destabilization of chromosomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of causes and consequences of centrosome amplification thoroughly describing molecular mechanisms. Abstract Aberrations in the centrosome number and structure can readily be detected at all stages of tumor progression and are considered hallmarks of cancer. Centrosome anomalies are closely linked to chromosome instability and, therefore, are proposed to be one of the driving events of tumor formation and progression. This concept, first posited by Boveri over 100 years ago, has been an area of interest to cancer researchers. We have now begun to understand the processes by which these numerical and structural anomalies may lead to cancer, and vice-versa: how key events that occur during carcinogenesis could lead to amplification of centrosomes. Despite the proliferative advantages that having extra centrosomes may confer, their presence can also lead to loss of essential genetic material as a result of segregational errors and cancer cells must deal with these deadly consequences. Here, we review recent advances in the current literature describing the mechanisms by which cancer cells amplify their centrosomes and the methods they employ to tolerate the presence of these anomalies, focusing particularly on centrosomal clustering.
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14
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Centrosomal-associated Proteins: Potential therapeutic targets for solid tumors? Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112292. [PMID: 34700231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is a special organelle in human cells and an organizing unit for microtubules and signaling molecules. In addition, the centrosome is tightly restricted during the cell cycle and forms the basal body of the cilia in ciliated cells. Centrosome abnormality is frequently observed in malignant tumors. The dysregulation of centrosome-associated proteins leads to multipolar mitosis, aneuploidy, and nondirected cell migration, and therefore promotes cancer progression. The overduplication of primary centrosome and the accumulation of chromosome, comprise the majority cause of chromosomal mis-segregation in cancer cells. This review discusses the structure and function of the centrosome and the role of its associated proteins in the progression of solid tumors. We summarized the effects of centrosome amplification abnormalities and other centrosome-related phenotypes on tumors. The mechanism of the delineation of centrosome amplification with tumor malignancy remains to be decided. A better understanding of centrosome abnormality in tumorigenesis may be useful to screen novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of solid tumors.
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15
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Li M, Yang B, Li X, Ren H, Zhang L, Li L, Li W, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhang W. Identification of Prognostic Factors Related to Super Enhancer-Regulated ceRNA Network in Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6261-6275. [PMID: 34629892 PMCID: PMC8493278 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s332317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The regulatory mechanisms of super enhancers (SEs) and ceRNA networks in LUAD progression are not well understood. We aimed to discover the prognostic-related ceRNA network regulated by SEs in metastatic LUAD. Methods RNA-seq data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed (DE) RNAs were identified by edgeR. CeRNA network was predicted and visualized using starBase and Cytoscape. H3K27ac ChIP-seq data were derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and used for SE identification. Kaplan–Meier curve and multivariate Cox model were applied for prognostic analysis. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were performed for functional analysis. SEs of AC074117.1 were verified by ChIP-qPCR in A549 and H1299 cells. MTT assay was performed to analyze cell proliferation. Luciferase activity assay was carried out to validate the target targeting relationships of ceRNA network. Results A total of 2355 DEmRNA, 483 DElncRNA and 155 DEmiRNA were identified between metastatic LUAD and adjacent normal tissues. CeRNA network consisting of 7 DElncRNAs, 18 DEmiRNAs and 15 DEmRNAs was constructed. Among the seven DElncRNAs in ceRNA network, only AC074117.1 was regulated by SEs. SE-regulated prognostic ceRNA sub-network consisting of FKBP3, E2F2, AC074117.1 and hsa-let-7c-5p was screened and verified. The overlapping co-expressed mRNAs of FKBP3, E2F2, AC074117.1 and hsa-let-7c-5p were mainly related to cell division and Fanconi anemia pathway. Genes in the ceRNA sub-network were correlated with DNA mismatch repair markers. Functional experiments proved that AC074117.1 was highly expressed in LUAD cells. AC074117.1 silencing notably inhibited proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. Luciferase activity assay confirmed the direct relationship in AC074117.1-hsa-let-7c-5p-FKBP3/E2F2 network. Conclusion A novel prognostic ceRNA sub-network regulated by SEs was identified in metastatic LUAD. This study provided potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for further study of metastatic LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Tandon N, Luxami V, Kant D, Tandon R, Paul K. Current progress, challenges and future prospects of indazoles as protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25228-25257. [PMID: 35478899 PMCID: PMC9037120 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03979b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The indazole core is an interesting pharmacophore due to its applications in medicinal chemistry. In the past few years, this moiety has been used for the synthesis of kinase inhibitors. Many researchers have demonstrated the use of indazole derivatives as specific kinase inhibitors, including tyrosine kinase and serine/threonine kinases. A number of anticancer drugs with an indazole core are commercially available, e.g. axitinib, linifanib, niraparib, and pazopanib. Indazole derivatives are applied for the targeted treatment of lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancers. In this review, we compile the current development of indazole derivatives as kinase inhibitors and their application as anticancer agents in the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Tandon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147004 India
| | - Divya Kant
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 India
| | - Runjhun Tandon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147004 India
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Kressin M, Fietz D, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Modelling the Functions of Polo-Like Kinases in Mice and Their Applications as Cancer Targets with a Special Focus on Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1176. [PMID: 34065956 PMCID: PMC8151477 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) belong to a five-membered family of highly conserved serine/threonine kinases (PLK1-5) that play differentiated and essential roles as key mitotic kinases and cell cycle regulators and with this in proliferation and cellular growth. Besides, evidence is accumulating for complex and vital non-mitotic functions of PLKs. Dysregulation of PLKs is widely associated with tumorigenesis and by this, PLKs have gained increasing significance as attractive targets in cancer with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. PLK1 has proved to have strong clinical relevance as it was found to be over-expressed in different cancer types and linked to poor patient prognosis. Targeting the diverse functions of PLKs (tumor suppressor, oncogenic) are currently at the center of numerous investigations in particular with the inhibition of PLK1 and PLK4, respectively in multiple cancer trials. Functions of PLKs and the effects of their inhibition have been extensively studied in cancer cell culture models but information is rare on how these drugs affect benign tissues and organs. As a step further towards clinical application as cancer targets, mouse models therefore play a central role. Modelling PLK function in animal models, e.g., by gene disruption or by treatment with small molecule PLK inhibitors offers promising possibilities to unveil the biological significance of PLKs in cancer maintenance and progression and give important information on PLKs' applicability as cancer targets. In this review we aim at summarizing the approaches of modelling PLK function in mice so far with a special glimpse on the significance of PLKs in ovarian cancer and of orthotopic cancer models used in this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kressin
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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18
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Garvey DR, Chhabra G, Ndiaye MA, Ahmad N. Role of Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) in Epithelial Cancers and Recent Progress in its Small Molecule Targeting for Cancer Management. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:632-640. [PMID: 33402398 PMCID: PMC8026525 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The polo-like kinases (PLKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases traditionally linked to cell-cycle regulation. A structurally unique member of this family, PLK4, has been shown to regulate centriole duplication during the cell cycle via interactions with a variety of centrosomal proteins. Recent findings suggest that PLK4 is overexpressed in various human cancers and associated with poor cancer prognosis. Although several studies have shown that PLK4 inhibition may lead to cancer cell death, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the structure, localization, and function of PLK4, along with the functional significance of PLK4 in epithelial cancers and some preliminary work suggesting a role for PLK4 in the key cancer progression process epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We also discuss the potential of PLK4 as a druggable target for anticancer drug development based on critical analysis of the available data of PLK4 inhibitors in preclinical development and clinical trials. Overall, the emerging data suggest that PLK4 plays an essential role in epithelial cancers and should be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target. Continued detailed exploration of available and next-generation PLK4 inhibitors may provide a new dimension for novel cancer therapeutics following successful clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra R Garvey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mary A Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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19
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Zhang X, Wei C, Liang H, Han L. Polo-Like Kinase 4's Critical Role in Cancer Development and Strategies for Plk4-Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:587554. [PMID: 33777739 PMCID: PMC7994899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.587554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) are critical regulatory molecules during the cell cycle process. This family has five members: Plk1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Plk4 has been identified as a master regulator of centriole replication, and its aberrant expression is closely associated with cancer development. In this review, we depict the DNA, mRNA, and protein structure of Plk4, and the regulation of Plk4 at a molecular level. Then we list the downstream targets of Plk4 and the hallmarks of cancer associated with these targets. The role of Plk4 in different cancers is also summarized. Finally, we review the inhibitors that target Plk4 in the hope of discovering effective anticancer drugs. From authors' perspective, Plk4 might represent a valuable tumor biomarker and critical target for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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20
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Mittal K, Kaur J, Jaczko M, Wei G, Toss MS, Rakha EA, Janssen EAM, Søiland H, Kucuk O, Reid MD, Gupta MV, Aneja R. Centrosome amplification: a quantifiable cancer cell trait with prognostic value in solid malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:319-339. [PMID: 33106971 PMCID: PMC7897259 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerical and/or structural centrosome amplification (CA) is a hallmark of cancers that is often associated with the aberrant tumor karyotypes and poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, CA compromises mitotic fidelity and leads to chromosome instability (CIN), which underlies tumor initiation and progression. Recent technological advances in microscopy and image analysis platforms have enabled better-than-ever detection and quantification of centrosomal aberrancies in cancer. Numerous studies have thenceforth correlated the presence and the degree of CA with indicators of poor prognosis such as higher tumor grade and ability to recur and metastasize. We have pioneered a novel semi-automated pipeline that integrates immunofluorescence confocal microscopy with digital image analysis to yield a quantitative centrosome amplification score (CAS), which is a summation of the severity and frequency of structural and numerical centrosome aberrations in tumor samples. Recent studies in breast cancer show that CA increases across the disease progression continuum, while normal breast tissue exhibited the lowest CA, followed by cancer-adjacent apparently normal, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive tumors, which showed the highest CA. This finding strengthens the notion that CA could be evolutionarily favored and can promote tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, extent, and severity of CA in various solid cancer types, the utility of quantifying amplified centrosomes as an independent prognostic marker. We also highlight the clinical feasibility of a CA-based risk score for predicting recurrence, metastasis, and overall prognosis in patients with solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Mittal
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Meghan Jaczko
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Guanhao Wei
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Michael S Toss
- Department of Pathology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Håvard Søiland
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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21
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Raab CA, Raab M, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Non-mitotic functions of polo-like kinases in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188467. [PMID: 33171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitotic protein kinases are currently being developed as non-neurotoxic alternatives of microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) which provide a substantial survival benefit for patients afflicted with different types of solid tumors. Among the mitotic kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, the Aurora kinases, the kinesin spindle protein and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have emerged as attractive targets of cancer therapeutics. The functions of mammalian PLK1-5 are traditionally linked to the regulation of the cell cycle and to the stress response. Especially the key role of PLK1 and PLK4 in cellular growth and proliferation, their overexpression in multiple types of human cancer and their druggability, make them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors for PLK1 and PLK4 are currently being tested in multiple cancer trials. The clinical success of microtubule-targeting agents is attributed not solely to the induction of a mitotic arrest in cancer cells, but also to non-mitotic effects like targeting intracellular trafficking on microtubules. This raises the question whether new cancer targets like PLK1 and PLK4 regulate critical non-mitotic functions in tumor cells. In this article we summarize the important roles of PLK1-5 for the regulation of non-mitotic signaling. Due to these functions it is conceivable that inhibitors for PLK1 or PLK4 can target interphase cells, which underscores their attractive potential as cancer drug targets. Moreover, we also describe the contribution of the tumor-suppressors PLK2, PLK3 and PLK5 to cancer cell signaling outside of mitosis. These observations highlight the urgent need to develop highly specific ATP-competitive inhibitors for PLK4 and for PLK1 like the 3rd generation PLK-inhibitor Onvansertib to prevent the inhibition of tumor-suppressor PLKs in- and outside of mitosis. The remarkable feature of PLKs to encompass a unique druggable domain, the polo-box-domain (PBD) that can be found only in PLKs offers the opportunity for the development of inhibitors that target PLKs exclusively. Beyond the development of mono-specific ATP-competitive PLK inhibitors, the PBD as drug target will support the design of new drugs that eradicate cancer cells based on the mitotic and non-mitotic function of PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Huang C, Hu CG, Ning ZK, Huang J, Zhu ZM. Identification of key genes controlling cancer stem cell characteristics in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 12:442-459. [PMID: 33304447 PMCID: PMC7701879 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i11.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-renewal of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) is considered to be the underlying cause of the metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence of gastric cancer (GC).
AIM To characterize the expression of stem cell-related genes in GC.
METHODS RNA sequencing results and clinical data for gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the results of the GC mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) were analyzed. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was then used to find modules of interest and their key genes. Survival analysis of key genes was performed using the online tool Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and the online database Oncomine was used to assess the expression of key genes in GC.
RESULTS mRNAsi was significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared to normal gastric tissues (P < 0.0001). A total of 16 modules were obtained from the gene coexpression network; the brown module was most positively correlated with mRNAsi. Sixteen key genes (BUB1, BUB1B, NCAPH, KIF14, RACGAP1, RAD54L, TPX2, KIF15, KIF18B, CENPF, TTK, KIF4A, SGOL2, PLK4, XRCC2, and C1orf112) were identified in the brown module. The functional and pathway enrichment analyses showed that the key genes were significantly enriched in the spindle cellular component, the sister chromatid segregation biological process, the motor activity molecular function, and the cell cycle and homologous recombination pathways. Survival analysis and Oncomine analysis revealed that the prognosis of patients with GC and the expression of three genes (RAD54L, TPX2, and XRCC2) were consistently related.
CONCLUSION Sixteen key genes are primarily associated with stem cell self-renewal and cell proliferation characteristics. RAD54L, TPX2, and XRCC2 are the most likely therapeutic targets for inhibiting the stemness characteristics of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ce-Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Zeng Y, Li N, Liu W, Zeng M, Cheng J, Huang J. Analyses of expressions and prognostic values of Polo-like kinases in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2447-2460. [PMID: 32627077 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite great advances in its early diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer is still an intractable disease and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and morbidity in the world. The family of Polo-like kinases (PLKs) consists of five serine/threonine kinases, which have been reported to participate in various human diseases. However, the expression and prognostic value of each PLK in human lung cancer have not been fully understood. This study analyzed mRNA expression and prognostic value of different PLKs in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS First, mRNA expression of PLKs in patients with NSCLC from the Oncomine and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was investigated. Then, a Kaplan-Meier plotter was employed for survival analysis. The sequence alteration for PLKs was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the cBioPortal database. Additionally, we analyzed the association among different PLKs using the LinkedOmics database. Finally, the enrichment analysis of PLKs was achieved using the DAVID database. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of PLK1 and PLK4 were significantly overexpressed, while mRNA expression level of PLK3 was underexpressed in patients with NSCLC. mRNA expressions of PLK1 and PLK4 were significantly and positively related to the tumor stage of NSCLC. Increased expressions of PLK1, PLK4, and PLK5 and decreased expression of PLK2 were attributed to limited overall survival time in NSCLC. PLK1 was positively correlated with PLK4 via the LinkedOmics database. CONCLUSIONS PLKs are relevant targets for NSCLC treatment, especially PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanhong Li
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 57# Renmin avenue South, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Zeng
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfen Cheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 57# Renmin avenue South, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Chen X, Zhang D, Jiang F, Shen Y, Li X, Hu X, Wei P, Shen X. Prognostic Prediction Using a Stemness Index-Related Signature in a Cohort of Gastric Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:570702. [PMID: 33134315 PMCID: PMC7504590 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.570702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With characteristic self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a crucial influence on the metastasis, relapse and drug resistance of gastric cancer (GC). However, the genes that participates in the stemness of GC stem cells have not been identified. Methods The mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) was analyzed with differential expressions in GC. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to build a co-expression network targeting differentially expressed genes (DEG) and discover mRNAsi-related modules and genes. We assessed the association between the key genes at both the transcription and protein level. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to validate the expression levels of the key genes. The risk model was established according to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we determined the prognostic value of the model by employing Kaplan-Meier (KM) plus multivariate Cox analysis. Results GC tissues exhibited a substantially higher mRNAsi relative to the healthy non-tumor tissues. Based on WGCNA, 17 key genes (ARHGAP11A, BUB1, BUB1B, C1orf112, CENPF, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18B, KIF4A, NCAPH, PLK4, RACGAP1, RAD54L, SGO2, TPX2, TTK, and XRCC2) were identified. These key genes were clearly overexpressed in GC and validated in the GEO database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network as assessed by STRING indicated that the key genes were tightly connected. After LASSO analysis, a nine-gene risk model (BUB1B, NCAPH, KIF15, RAD54L, KIF18B, KIF4A, TTK, SGO2, C1orf112) was constructed. The overall survival in the high-risk group was relatively poor. The area under curve (AUC) of risk score was higher compared to that of clinicopathological characteristics. According to the multivariate Cox analysis, the nine-gene risk model was a predictor of disease outcomes in GC patients (HR, 7.606; 95% CI, 3.037-19.051; P < 0.001). We constructed a prognostic nomogram with well-fitted calibration curve based on risk score and clinical data. Conclusion The 17 mRNAsi-related key genes identified in this study could be potential treatment targets in GC treatment, considering that they can inhibit the stemness properties. The nine-gene risk model can be employed to predict the disease outcomes of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueju Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingmin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Zhang Y, Ma S, Niu Q, Han Y, Liu X, Jiang J, Chen S, Lin H. Features of alternative splicing in stomach adenocarcinoma and their clinical implication: a research based on massive sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:580. [PMID: 32831016 PMCID: PMC7443856 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) offers a main mechanism to form protein polymorphism. A growing body of evidence indicates the correlation between splicing disorders and carcinoma. Nevertheless, an overall analysis of AS signatures in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is absent and urgently needed. RESULTS 2042 splicing events were confirmed as prognostic molecular events. Furthermore, the final prognostic signature constructed by 10 AS events gave good result with an area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve up to 0.902 for 5 years, showing high potency in predicting patient outcome. We built the splicing regulatory network to show the internal regulation mechanism of splicing events in STAD. QKI may play a significant part in the prognosis induced by splicing events. CONCLUSIONS In our study, a high-efficiency prognostic prediction model was built for STAD patients, and the results showed that AS events could become potential prognostic biomarkers for STAD. Meanwhile, QKI may become an important target for drug design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Shengling Ma
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haolong Lin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Cao T, Yi S, Yang X, Wu Q. Clinical Significance of Polo-Like Kinase 4 as a Marker for Advanced Tumor Stage and Dismal Prognosis in Patients With Surgical Gastric Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820935531. [PMID: 32715931 PMCID: PMC7385817 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820935531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of polo-like kinase 4 with clinicopathological features and survival profiles in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted based on the clinical data from 289 eligible patients with gastric cancer who received resection. Polo-like kinase 4 expression in adjacent tissue and tumor tissue was determined by immunohistochemical assay and semiquantified scoring method using immunohistochemical score by staining intensity score multiplying staining density score. Based on the total immunohistochemical score (ranged from 0 to 12), the polo-like kinase 4 expression was classified as low expression (immunohistochemical: 0-3) and high expression (immunohistochemical: 4-12); furthermore, high expression was divided into high+ expression (immunohistochemical: 4-6), high++ expression (immunohistochemical: 7-9), and high+++ expression (immunohistochemical: 10-12). Results: Polo-like kinase 4 expression was elevated in tumor tissue compared with adjacent tissue. Tumor polo-like kinase 4 high expression correlated with increased T stage and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage, while, it did not correlate with age, gender, current smoke, current drink, chronic complications, Helicobacter pylori infection, tumor location, pathological grade, or N stage. Besides, higher tumor polo-like kinase 4 expression correlated with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival. Subsequently, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that higher tumor polo-like kinase 4 expression was an independent predictive factor for worse disease-free survival but not for overall survival. Conclusion: Polo-like kinase 4 possesses the clinical significance as a biomarker for aiding prognostication and facilitating postoperative tumor management in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Department of Digestive Medical, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shijie Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Digestive Medical, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Digestive Medical, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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27
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Targeting centrosome amplification, an Achilles' heel of cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1209-1222. [PMID: 31506331 PMCID: PMC6824836 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to cell-cycle dysregulation, many cancer cells contain more than the normal compliment of centrosomes, a state referred to as centrosome amplification (CA). CA can drive oncogenic phenotypes and indeed can cause cancer in flies and mammals. However, cells have to actively manage CA, often by centrosome clustering, in order to divide. Thus, CA is also an Achilles' Heel of cancer cells. In recent years, there have been many important studies identifying proteins required for the management of CA and it has been demonstrated that disruption of some of these proteins can cause cancer-specific inhibition of cell growth. For certain targets therapeutically relevant interventions are being investigated, for example, small molecule inhibitors, although none are yet in clinical trials. As the field is now poised to move towards clinically relevant interventions, it is opportune to summarise the key work in targeting CA thus far, with particular emphasis on recent developments where small molecule or other strategies have been proposed. We also highlight the relatively unexplored paradigm of reversing CA, and thus its oncogenic effects, for therapeutic gain.
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28
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Zhao Y, Wang X. PLK4: a promising target for cancer therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2413-2422. [PMID: 31492983 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates centriole duplication. PLK4 deregulation causes centrosome number abnormalities, mitotic defects, chromosomal instability and, consequently, tumorigenesis. Therefore, PLK4 has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple cancers. In this review, we summarize the critical role of centrosome amplification and PLK4 in cancer. We also highlight recent advances in the development of PLK4 inhibitors and discuss potential combination therapies for cancer. METHODS The relevant literature from PubMed is reviewed in this article. The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to the specific topic. RESULTS PLK4 is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers and has prognostic value. Targeting PLK4 with inhibitors suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PLK4 plays an important role in centrosome amplification and tumor progression. PLK4 inhibitors used alone or in combination with other drugs have shown significant anticancer efficacy, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. The results of relevant clinical trials await evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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29
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POLQ Overexpression Is Associated with an Increased Somatic Mutation Load and PLK4 Overexpression in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050722. [PMID: 31137743 PMCID: PMC6562496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA Polymerase Theta (POLQ) is a DNA polymerase involved in error-prone translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and error-prone repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In the present study, we examined whether abnormal POLQ expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). First, we found overexpression of POLQ at both the mRNA and protein levels in LAC, using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and by immunohistochemical analysis of our LAC series. POLQ overexpression was associated with an advanced pathologic stage and an increased total number of somatic mutations in LAC. When H1299 human lung cancer cell clones overexpressing POLQ were established and examined, the clones showed resistance to a DSB-inducing chemical in the clonogenic assay and an increased frequency of mutations in the supF forward mutation assay. Further analysis revealed that POLQ overexpression was also positively correlated with Polo Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) overexpression in LAC, and that PLK4 overexpression in the POLQ-overexpressing H1299 cells induced centrosome amplification. Finally, analysis of the TCGA data revealed that POLQ overexpression was associated with an increased somatic mutation load and PLK4 overexpression in diverse human cancers; on the other hand, overexpressions of nine TLS polymerases other than POLQ were associated with an increased somatic mutation load at a much lower frequency. Thus, POLQ overexpression is associated with advanced pathologic stage, increased somatic mutation load, and PLK4 overexpression, the last inducing centrosome amplification, in LAC, suggesting that POLQ overexpression is involved in the pathogenesis of LAC.
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30
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Suri A, Bailey AW, Tavares MT, Gunosewoyo H, Dyer CP, Grupenmacher AT, Piper DR, Horton RA, Tomita T, Kozikowski AP, Roy SM, Sredni ST. Evaluation of Protein Kinase Inhibitors with PLK4 Cross-Over Potential in a Pre-Clinical Model of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092112. [PMID: 31035676 PMCID: PMC6540285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase (PK) recruited at the centrosome in dividing cells. Its overexpression triggers centrosome amplification, which is associated with genetic instability and carcinogenesis. In previous work, we established that PLK4 is overexpressed in pediatric embryonal brain tumors (EBT). We also demonstrated that PLK4 inhibition exerted a cytostatic effect in EBT cells. Here, we examined an array of PK inhibitors (CFI-400945, CFI-400437, centrinone, centrinone-B, R-1530, axitinib, KW-2449, and alisertib) for their potential crossover to PLK4 by comparative structural docking and activity inhibition in multiple established embryonal tumor cell lines (MON, BT-12, BT-16, DAOY, D283). Our analyses demonstrated that: (1) CFI-400437 had the greatest impact overall, but similar to CFI-400945, it is not optimal for brain exposure. Also, their phenotypic anti-cancer impact may, in part, be a consequence of the inhibition of Aurora kinases (AURKs). (2) Centrinone and centrinone B are the most selective PLK4 inhibitors but they are the least likely to penetrate the brain. (3) KW-2449, R-1530 and axitinib are the ones predicted to have moderate-to-good brain penetration. In conclusion, a new selective PLK4 inhibitor with favorable physiochemical properties for optimal brain exposure can be beneficial for the treatment of EBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreena Suri
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Anders W Bailey
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Maurício T Tavares
- Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Connor P Dyer
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Alex T Grupenmacher
- Department of Ophtalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - David R Piper
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
| | - Robert A Horton
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | | | - Saktimayee M Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Simone T Sredni
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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31
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Wang J, Zuo J, Wang M, Ma X, Gao K, Bai X, Wang N, Xie W, Liu H. Polo‑like kinase 4 promotes tumorigenesis and induces resistance to radiotherapy in glioblastoma. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2159-2167. [PMID: 30816483 PMCID: PMC6412581 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors in adults, associated with severe outcomes (median survival, <2 years). Multiple mechanisms are known to be involved in tumor recurrence and treatment resistance in GBM, however, the key regulator for GBM tumorigenesis and therapy resistance remains unclear. To clarify a novel potential functional mechanism of GBM recurrence, a wide range of experiments including in vitro molecular biological experiments and in vivo intracranial xenograft tumor models were performed in the present study. With bioinformatics analysis, polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) was initially identified as one of the most upregulated kinase encoding genes in GBM, which was functionally required for both in vitro cell proliferation and in vivo tumorigenesis in GBM. Clinically, an elevated PLK4 expression was observed in high grade glioma patients, which was associated with poor prognosis. In addition, PLK4 enhanced radioresistance in GBM, while PLK4 knockdown via lentivirus transfection significantly increased the radiosensitivity of GBM cells. Mechanically, PLK4 expression was markedly elevated by the exogenous overexpression of ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2) in GBM cells. Collectively, the results suggested that the ATAD2-dependent transcriptional regulation of PLK4 promoted cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, as well as radioresistance in GBM, thus potentially inducing tumor recurrence. PLK4 could therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zuo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wanfu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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32
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Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a feature of multiple tumour types and has been postulated to contribute to both tumour initiation and tumour progression. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which an increase in centrosome number might lead to an increase or decrease in tumour progression and the role of proteins that regulate centrosome number in driving tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Bose
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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33
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He Y, Wang H, Yan M, Yang X, Shen R, Ni X, Chen X, Yang P, Chen M, Lu X, Shao G, Zhou X, Shao Q. High LIN28A and PLK4 co‑expression is associated with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5327-5336. [PMID: 30365085 PMCID: PMC6236221 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. LIN28 homolog A (LIN28A) is a RNA‑binding protein, which serves a fundamental role in cell development and pluripotency. Polo‑like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a member of the polo‑like kinase family, which primarily takes part in the mitotic regulation. Overexpression of LIN28A has been demonstrated in ovarian cancer; however, the expression of PLK4 and the correlation between the expression of LIN28A and PLK4 in EOC has not been discussed. In the present study, the mRNA and protein levels of LIN28A and PLK4 were evaluated by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in ovarian tissues of patients. Results demonstrated significantly increased expression in EOC compared with benign epithelial ovarian tumors. High expression of LIN28A and PLK4 was detected at the advanced pathological stage. Furthermore, PLK4 expression was positively correlated with LIN28A (r=0.555; P=0.039). The median survival analysis of patients with EOC with LIN28A and PLK4 double positive expression was 14 months, compared with 30 months in single positive and 60 months in double negative patients by Kaplan‑Meier analysis (P<0.05). The expressions of LIN28A and PLK4 was elevated in different EOC cell lines compared to with a normal ovarian cell line. The 293T cells transfected with LIN28A plus a PLK4 plasmid were the fastest‑growing group. These results suggest that co‑expression of LIN28A and PLK4 may be associated with poor prognosis of EOC and could serve as promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in EOC. LIN28A and PLK4 may be used along with traditional morphological and clinical characteristics for predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 2100011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Meina Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoge Ni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Peifang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Genbao Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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Bailey AW, Suri A, Chou PM, Pundy T, Gadd S, Raimondi SL, Tomita T, Sredni ST. Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) Is Overexpressed in Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma (CNS-NB). Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E96. [PMID: 30400339 PMCID: PMC6315664 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in pediatrics, with rare occurrences of primary and metastatic tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). We previously reported the overexpression of the polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) in embryonal brain tumors. PLK4 has also been found to be overexpressed in a variety of peripheral adult tumors and recently in peripheral NB. Here, we investigated PLK4 expression in NBs of the CNS (CNS-NB) and validated our findings by performing a multi-platform transcriptomic meta-analysis using publicly available data. We evaluated the PLK4 expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on the CNS-NB samples and compared the relative expression levels among other embryonal and non-embryonal brain tumors. The relative PLK4 expression levels of the NB samples were found to be significantly higher than the non-embryonal brain tumors (p-value < 0.0001 in both our samples and in public databases). Here, we expand upon our previous work that detected PLK4 overexpression in pediatric embryonal tumors to include CNS-NB. As we previously reported, inhibiting PLK4 in embryonal tumors led to decreased tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, and therefore PLK4 may be a potential new therapeutic approach to CNS-NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders W Bailey
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Amreena Suri
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Pauline M Chou
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Tatiana Pundy
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Samantha Gadd
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | | | - Tadanori Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Simone Treiger Sredni
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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Eguether T, Hahne M. Mixed signals from the cell's antennae: primary cilia in cancer. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846589. [PMID: 30348893 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are antenna-like organelles that protrude from most mammalian cells. They are essential for the regulation of several signaling pathways such as Hedgehog and WNT It is therefore not surprising that a dysfunction of PC is frequently associated with pathologies. Originally, PC were found to be involved in a variety of diseases commonly referred to as ciliopathies including cystic kidney diseases. Evidence is accumulating that PC play also an important role in cancer formation and regulation, which is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Eguether
- École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michael Hahne
- IGMM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Bao J, Yu Y, Chen J, He Y, Chen X, Ren Z, Xue C, Liu L, Hu Q, Li J, Cui G, Sun R. MiR-126 negatively regulates PLK-4 to impact the development of hepatocellular carcinoma via ATR/CHEK1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1045. [PMID: 30315225 PMCID: PMC6185973 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that microRNA-126 (miR-126) is aberrantly downregulated and plays a vital role in carcinogenesis in various cancers, including HCC. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of miR-126 in HCC are still largely unknown. In present study, we found that miR-126 was downregulated both in HCC tissues and cell lines. Low expression level of miR-126 was associated with poor overall survival (OS), late TNM stage and the presence of recurrence. Overexpression of miR-126 significantly decreased cell proliferation, metastasis and promoted apoptosis in vitro. Additional, high miR-126 expression reduced the tumor growth in vivo. Further we discovered that PLK (polo-like kinases)-4, a critical regulator in cell cycle, was a target of miR-126. PLK-4 overexpression could rescue the inhibitory effects of miR-126 on cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, PLK-4 mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and positively associated with malignancies and poor OS. Knockdown PLK-4 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro whereas decreased tumor growth in vivo. More importantly, bioinformatics analysis combined with validation experiments in vitro and in vivo showed that activation of the ATR/CHEK1 pathway was involved in the oncogenic functions of PLK4 in HCC. We also validated that PLK4 could directly interact with ATR through CoIP assay. Taken together, we demonstrate that miRNA-126/PLK-4 axis is critical for tumorigenesis and progression of HCC, and the newly identified PLK-4/ATR/CHEK1 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuting He
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qiuyue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Ranran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical System and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Sredni ST, Bailey AW, Suri A, Hashizume R, He X, Louis N, Gokirmak T, Piper DR, Watterson DM, Tomita T. Inhibition of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4): a new therapeutic option for rhabdoid tumors and pediatric medulloblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111190-111212. [PMID: 29340047 PMCID: PMC5762315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are highly aggressive and vastly unresponsive embryonal tumors. They are the most common malignant CNS tumors in infants below 6 months of age. Medulloblastomas (MB) are embryonal tumors that arise in the cerebellum and are the most frequent pediatric malignant brain tumors. Despite the advances in recent years, especially for the most favorable molecular subtypes of MB, the prognosis of patients with embryonal tumors remains modest with treatment related toxicity dreadfully high. Therefore, new targeted therapies are needed. The polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a critical regulator of centriole duplication and consequently, mitotic progression. We previously established that PLK4 is overexpressed in RT and MB. We also demonstrated that inhibiting PLK4 with a small molecule inhibitor resulted in impairment of proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of RT cells. Here, we showed in MB the same effects that we previously described for RT. We also demonstrated that PLK4 inhibition induced apoptosis, senescence and polyploidy in RT and MB cells, thereby increasing the susceptibility of cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. In order to test the hypothesis that PLK4 is a CNS druggable target, we demonstrated efficacy with oral administration to an orthotropic xenograft model. Based on these results, we postulate that targeting PLK4 with small-molecule inhibitors could be a novel strategy for the treatment of RT and MB and that PLK4 inhibitors (PLK4i) might be promising agents to be used solo or in combination with cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Treiger Sredni
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Anders W. Bailey
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Amreena Suri
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xingyao He
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nundia Louis
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tufan Gokirmak
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - David R. Piper
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Daniel M. Watterson
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Li Q, Li J, Dai W, Li YX, Li YY. Differential regulation analysis reveals dysfunctional regulatory mechanism involving transcription factors and microRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis. Artif Intell Med 2017; 77:12-22. [PMID: 28545608 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most incident malignancies in the world. Although lots of featured genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to be associated with gastric carcinogenesis, underlying regulatory mechanisms still remain unclear. In order to explore the dysfunctional mechanisms of GC, we developed a novel approach to identify carcinogenesis relevant regulatory relationships, which is characterized by quantifying the difference of regulatory relationships between stages. Firstly, we applied the strategy of differential coexpression analysis (DCEA) to transcriptomic datasets including paired mRNA and miRNA of gastric samples to identify a set of genes/miRNAs related to gastric cancer progression. Based on these genes/miRNAs, we constructed conditional combinatorial gene regulatory networks (cGRNs) involving both transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs. Enrichment of known cancer genes/miRNAs and predicted prognostic genes/miRNAs was observed in each cGRN. Then we designed a quantitative method to measure differential regulation level of every regulatory relationship between normal and cancer, and the known cancer genes/miRNAs proved to be ranked significantly higher. Meanwhile, we defined differentially regulated link (DRL) by combining differential regulation, differential expression and the regulation contribution of the regulator to the target. By integrating survival analysis and DRL identification, three master regulators TCF7L1, TCF4, and MEIS1 were identified and testable hypotheses of dysfunctional mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis related to them were generated. The fine-tuning effects of miRNAs were also observed. We propose that this differential regulation network analysis framework is feasible to gain insights into dysregulated mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and other phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxue Li
- School of biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China; Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Dai
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Xue Li
- School of biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China; Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Q, Li G, Zhang L, Sun X, Zhang D, Lu J, Ma J, Yan J, Chen ZJ. Maternal common variant rs2305957 spanning PLK4 is associated with blastocyst formation and early recurrent miscarriage. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:1034-1040.e5. [PMID: 28238495 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the common variant rs2305957 spanning PLK4 (Polo-like kinase 4) confers risk to embryo development in Northern Chinese Han (CHN) women. DESIGN Genetic association study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) A total of 2,015 infertile women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF), 530 women with early recurrent miscarriage (ERM), and 600 fertile control women in the CHN population. INTERVENTION(S) Genotyping of rs2305957 was performed by means of high-resolution melting analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Blastocyst formation, implantation, early miscarriage, and live birth rates in infertile women; genotype distribution at rs2305957 in ERM case and control subjects. RESULT(S) In the first cohort of this study, infertile women with AA genotype had a lower blastocyst formation rate than those with AG or GG genotype. No significant differences were observed in implantation rate, early miscarriage rate, or live birth rate among AA, AG, and GG subgroups. In the second cohort, common variant rs2305957 was related to ERM. Genotype frequency differences were also significant in both additive model and dominant model. CONCLUSION(S) Common variant rs2305957 is associated with blastocyst formation and ERM in CHN women. Further investigations of PLK4 gene during embryo development could be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Li Z, Dai K, Wang C, Song Y, Gu F, Liu F, Fu L. Expression of Polo-Like Kinase 4(PLK4) in Breast Cancer and Its Response to Taxane-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. J Cancer 2016; 7:1125-32. [PMID: 27326256 PMCID: PMC4911880 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polo-like kinase 4(PLK4) is an important evolutionarily regulator involved in centrosome duplication. We here investigated the expression of PLK4 mRNA and PLK4 in breast cancer, and evaluated its predictive value for response to taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHOD The PLK4 mRNA expression was measured in breast cancer tissues and corresponding normal breast tissues from 30 breast cancer patients by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The association of the expression of PLK4 with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic significance was evaluated in 154 cases of invasive breast cancer. In addition, we immunohistochemically examined the changes of PLK4 expression in biopsy and postoperative tumor specimens of another 64 breast cancer patients who received taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS The level of PLK4 mRNA expression in cancerous tissues had a significant difference compared to the corresponding normal breast tissues (P=0.021). There is a correlation of PLK4 expression with higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis or surrounding recurrence (P=0.043; P=0.006). High PLK4 expression was found to be a detrimental prognostic factor measured by overall survival (OS) (P=0.003) and progress-free survival (PFS) (P=0.003). Moreover, the results demonstrated that PLK4 expression was a negative predictor of response to taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (rs= - 0.253, P=0.044). CONCLUSION The findings of this current study indicated that PLK4 expression in breast cancer could be a potential prognostic factor and a negative predictor of response to taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tianjin 300060, China
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Fan G, Sun L, Shan P, Zhang X, Huan J, Zhang X, Li D, Wang T, Wei T, Zhang X, Gu X, Yao L, Xuan Y, Hou Z, Cui Y, Cao L, Li X, Zhang S, Wang C. Loss of KLF14 triggers centrosome amplification and tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8450. [PMID: 26439168 PMCID: PMC4600754 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is frequent in cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that disruption of the Kruppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) gene in mice causes centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and spontaneous tumorigenesis. Molecularly, KLF14 functions as a transcriptional repressor of Plk4, a polo-like kinase whose overexpression induces centrosome overduplication. Transient knockdown of KLF14 is sufficient to induce Plk4-directed centrosome amplification. Clinically, KLF14 transcription is significantly downregulated, whereas Plk4 transcription is upregulated in multiple types of cancers, and there exists an inverse correlation between KLF14 and Plk4 protein expression in human breast and colon cancers. Moreover, KLF14 depletion promotes AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis. Our findings reveal that KLF14 reduction serves as a mechanism leading to centrosome amplification and tumorigenesis. On the other hand, forced expression of KLF14 leads to mitotic catastrophe. Collectively, our findings identify KLF14 as a tumour suppressor and highlight its potential as biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lianhui Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peipei Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xianying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinliang Huan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyang Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liangfang Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Xuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yongping Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chuangui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
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Luo YB, Kim NH. PLK4 is essential for meiotic resumption in mouse oocytes. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:101. [PMID: 25740542 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.124065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase (PLK) 4 is a unique member of the PLK family that plays vital roles in centriole biogenesis during mitosis. The localization of PLK4 on centrioles must be precisely regulated during mitosis to ensure correct centriole duplication. However, little is known about the function of PLK4 in mammalian oocyte meiosis. We addressed this question by examining the expression and localization of PLK4 in mouse oocytes and using RNA interference and protein overexpression to investigate its function in meiosis. PLK4 expression peaked at the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stage, and the protein was localized in the cytoplasm throughout meiotic maturation. Depletion of PLK4 caused meiotic arrest at the GV stage and suppressed CYCLINB1 and CDC2 activities. Moreover, PLK4 depletion prevented the de-phosphorylation of CDC2-Tyr15 in nucleus and induced a decrease in the level of the CDC25C protein. PLK1 overexpression failed to rescue GV-stage arrest in PLK4-depleted oocytes, whereas overexpressing PLK4 resulted in normal GVBD in oocytes in which PLK1 activity was inhibited. In addition, PLK4 overexpression did not cause abnormal spindle formation or affect extrusion of the first polar body. These results illustrate the fact that PLK4 is essential for meiotic resumption but may not influence spindle formation in mouse oocytes during meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bo Luo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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