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Han S, Wang X, Han H, Wang D, He Y. Hairy and Krüppel homolog 1 Comediate the Action of Juvenile Hormone/ Methoprene-Tolerant Signaling Pathway in Vitellogenesis of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025; 73:1122-1130. [PMID: 39745858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a major migratory invasive pest and is of global concern. Vitellogenesis, a crucial process for population multiplication in oviparous insects, is regulated by endocrine hormones. In this study, three primary responders to JH signaling, the JH receptor gene Met, and the downstream transcription factor Kr-h1 and Hairy, were first cloned and identified. RNA interference results showed that silencing SfMet significantly down-regulated the transcription levels of SfKr-h1 and SfHairy, as well as the key reproductive genes Vitellogenin (SfVg) and Vitellogenin receptor (SfVgR). Similarly, silencing SfKr-h1 and SfHairy also inhibited the transcription of SfVg and SfVgR. Silencing of SfMet, SfKr-h1, and SfHairy genes resulted in blocked ovarian development and a significant decrease in reproduction. These findings confirm that Hairy and Kr-h1 comediate the action of the JH-Met signaling pathway in vitellogenesis of S. frugiperda, providing new targets and insights for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Han
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277000, P. R. China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
| | - Yunzhuan He
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
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Huo C, Liu S, Chang BH, Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhao X. Zinc finger protein rotund is essential for wings and ovarian development by regulating lipid homeostasis in Locusta migratoria. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 286:138448. [PMID: 39645108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 12/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Cys2-His2-type zinc finger (C2H2-ZF) proteins are involved in diverse biological processes. In insects, the wing and ovarian development is crucial for reproduction and evolution, yet the physiological roles of C2H2-ZF proteins in these processes remain underexplored. Here, RNA-seq analyses identified C2H2-ZF protein genes that were differentially expressed during wing formation in Locusta migratoria. Among these, the gene encoding a C2H2-ZF protein Rotund (Rn) was highly expressed in the wing pads of fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs. RNA interference mediated knockdown of LmRn in nymph stages resulted in pronounced abnormalities with curled wings and reduced wing area. LmRn knockdown led to reduced expression of lipid transport-related genes during wing morphogenesis, significantly decreased triglyceride (TG) level. In addition, we also find that LmRn knockdown impaired ovarian development and oocyte maturation in female adults, with decreased expression levels of lipid synthesis-related genes, and vitellogenin genes (VgA, and VgB) in the fat body. Meanwhile, the number of lipid droplets, TG content, and protein levels in the ovaries were significantly decreased after LmRn was silenced. Together, our findings reveal that LmRn is essential for wing and ovarian development by regulating lipid homeostasis in locusts, offering a potential target for insect pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Huo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China
| | - Sikai Liu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China
| | - Babar Hussain Chang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China; Department of Plant Protection, Sub-Campus Umerkot, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Zhuowang Cheng
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China.
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Zeng QH, Gong MF, Yang H, Chen NN, Lei Q, Jin DC. Effect of four chitinase genes on the female fecundity in Sogatella furcifera (Horváth). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1912-1923. [PMID: 38088492 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The white-backed planthopper (WPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is a destructive rice pest with strong reproductive capacity. To gain insights into the roles of chitinases in the reproductive process of this insect species, this study represents the first-ever endeavor to conduct an in-depth exploration into the reproductive functions of four chitinase genes. RESULTS In this study, it was observed that four chitinase genes were expressed in female adults, with a relatively high expression level in the ovaries. SfCht2 and SfIDGF1 were highly expressed during later ovarian development. while SfENGase increased and then decreased with ovarian development. SfCht2, SfCht6-2 and SfENGase were highly expressed in fat body on the first and second days after eclosion, whereas SfIDGF1 highest on day 7. Compared with control group, Silencing four chitinase genes inhibited ovarian development and significantly shortened the oviposition period of S. furcifera, reducing egg-laying capacity but not affecting egg hatching. The detection demonstrated that the expression levels of SfVg, SfVgR and 70-90% juvenile hormone (JH) signaling pathway-related reproductive genes was significantly down-regulated. Moreover, SfCht6-2 and SfENGase significantly affected the expression levels of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway genes. SfENGase had the ability to impact nutrient signaling pathways and fatty acid metabolism, repressing vitellogenin synthesis and ultimately influencing ovarian development of S. furcifera. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides insight into the function of chitinases in insect fecundity and is of great significance for enriching the cognition of insect chitinase function. They will become the suitable target genes for controlling the most destructive rice planthoppers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hui Zeng
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Fu Gong
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Ning-Nan Chen
- Plant Protection 2020, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Lei
- Plant Protection 2020, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Guiyang, Guiyang, China
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Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Li F. Cloning and spatio-temporal expression of CsKr-h1 encoding the juvenile hormone response gene in Coccinella septempunctata L. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 114:99-106. [PMID: 38178801 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The gene encoding juvenile hormone response (Krüppel homolog1, Kr-hl) in Coccinella septempunctata was investigated by cloning and analysing expression profiles in different developmental stages and tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). C. septempunctata Kr-hl (CsKr-hl) encoded a 1338 bp open reading frame (ORF) with a predicted protein product of 445 amino acids; the latter showed high similarity to orthologs in other species and contained eight highly-conserved Zn-finger motifs for DNA-binding. CsKr-hl was expressed in different developmental stages of C. septempunctata. The expression levels of CsKr-hl in eggs, 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar larvae, and pupa were 3.31, 2.30, 7.09, 0.58, and 7.48 times the number of 1st instar larvae, respectively. CsKr-hl expression levels in female adults gradually increased at 25-30 days and were significantly higher than expression at 1-20 days. CsKr-hl expression in 20-30 days-old male adults was significantly higher than males aged 1-15 days. CsKr-hl expression levels in heads of male and female adults were significantly higher than expression levels in the thorax, adipose, and reproductive system. Interestingly, CsKr-hl expression levels in the adipose and reproductive system of female adults were significantly higher than in adult male corresponding organs, which suggest that CsKr-hl plays an important role in regulating reproductive development in C. septempunctata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Fengliang Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou, Guiyang 550006, China
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Tang Y, Wu S, He H, Gao Q, Ding W, Xue J, Qiu L, Li Y. The CsmiR1579-CsKr-h1 module mediates rice stem borer development and reproduction: An effective target for transgenic insect-resistant rice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127752. [PMID: 38287594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The rice stem borer (RSB, Chilo suppressalis) is a significant agricultural pest that mainly depends on chemical control. However, it has grown to varied degrees of pesticide resistance, which poses a severe threat to rice production and emphasizes the need for safer, more efficient alternative pest management strategies. Here, in vitro and in vivo experiments analyses reveal miR-1579 binds to the critical transcription factor Krüppel homologue 1 (Kr-h1) and negatively regulates its expression. Overexpression of miR-1579 in larvae with significantly lower levels of Kr-h1 was associated with a decline in larval growth and survival. Furthermore, in female pupae, miR-1579 overexpression led to abnormalities in ovarian development, suggesting that targeting miR-1579 could be a potential management strategy against C. suppressalis. Therefore, we generated transgenic rice expressing miR-1579 and screened three lines that had a single copy of highly abundant mature miR-1579 transcripts. Expectedly, fed with transgenic miR-1579 rice lines were significantly lower survival rates in larvae and high levels of resistance to damage caused by C. suppressalis infestation. These findings suggest that miRNA-mediated RNAi could provide an effective and species-specific strategy for C. suppressalis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hualiang He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiao Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenbing Ding
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Youzhi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Lee J, Lee DW. Burkholderia gut symbiont induces insect host fecundity by modulating Kr-h1 gene expression. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21987. [PMID: 36448663 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Full-length cDNAs of the Broad-Complex (BR-C) from Riptortus pedestris were cloned. Moreover, Kr-h1 and BR-C expression levels in apo-symbiotic and symbiotic host insects were compared to verify whether they are modulated by Burkholderia gut symbionts. Interestingly, Kr-h1 expression level was significantly increased in symbiotic females. To determine how Kr-h1 affects fecundity in insects, the biosynthesis of two reproduction-associated proteins, hexamerin-α and vitellogenin, was investigated in R. pedestris females. Hexamerin-α and vitellogenin expression at the transcriptional and translational levels decreased in Kr-h1-suppressed symbiotic females, subsequently reduced egg production. These results suggest that Burkholderia gut symbiont modulates Kr-h1 expression to enhance ovarian development and egg production of R. pedestris by increasing the biosynthesis of the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbeom Lee
- Metabolomics Research Center for Functional Materials, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Weon Lee
- Metabolomics Research Center for Functional Materials, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of SmartBio, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yang B, Miao S, Lu Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Involvement of Methoprene-tolerant and Krüppel homolog 1 in juvenile hormone-mediated vitellogenesis of female Liposcelis entomophila (End.) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21973. [PMID: 36193599 PMCID: PMC10078567 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methoprene-tolerant (Met) as an intracellular receptor of juvenile hormone (JH) and the Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) as a JH-inducible transcription factor had been proved to contribute to insect reproduction. Their functions vary in different insect orders, however, they are not clear in Psocoptera. In this study, LeMet and LeKr-h1 were identified and their roles in vitellogenesis and ovarian development were investigated in Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein). Treatment with exogenous JH III significantly induced the expression of LeKr-h1, LeVg, and LeVgR. Furthermore, silencing LeMet and LeKr-h1 remarkably reduced the transcription of LeVg and LeVgR, disrupted the production of Vg in fat body and the uptake of Vg by oocytes, and ultimately led to a decline in fecundity. The results indicated that the JH signaling pathway was essential to the reproductive process of this species. Interestingly, knockdown of LeMet or LeKr-h1 also resulted in fluctuations in the expression of FoxO, indicating the complex regulatory interactions between different hormone factors. Besides, knockdown of both LeMet and LeKr-h1 significantly increased L. entomophila mortality. Our study provides initial insight into the roles of JH signaling in the female reproduction of psocids and provided evidence that RNAi-mediated knockdown of Met or Kr-h1 is a potential pest control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin‐Bin Yang
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Yuan Miao
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Yu‐Jie Lu
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sui‐Sui Wang
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Zheng‐Yan Wang
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Ya‐Ru Zhao
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
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Dong L, Muramatsu N, Numata H, Ito C. Functional Analysis of a Juvenile Hormone Inducible Transcription Factor, Krüppel homolog 1, in the Bean Bug, Riptortus pedestris. Zoolog Sci 2022; 39:562-569. [PMID: 36495491 DOI: 10.2108/zs220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) has two major functions in insects, i.e., suppression of metamorphosis in the larval or nymphal stage and promotion of reproduction in the adult stage. Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), a C2H2 zinc-finger type transcription factor, is reported to act downstream of the JH receptor complex. In the present study, the function of Kr-h1 was examined in adults and nymphs of Riptortus pedestris by RNA interference (RNAi). After injection of adults with dsRNA of Kr-h1, the expression level of Kr-h1 was significantly decreased in the abdomen. Kr-h1 dsRNA-injection resulted in a lower proportion of individuals with developed ovaries, but the difference was not statistically significant. The transcript levels of cyanoprotein-α and vitellogenin-1, which are JH-inducible genes encoding yolk proteins, were not affected in the abdomen by Kr-h1 knockdown. Kr-h1 dsRNA-injection was effective for suppression of Kr-h1 expression in nymphs. Some Kr-h1 dsRNA-injected fifth (final) instar nymphs had morphological defects in the wing bud. Moreover, they had several adult morphological features, including ocelli in the head, connexivum in the abdomen, coloring of the dorsal abdomen, and genitals. The nymphs possessing adult features did not emerge as adults during 1 month. These results demonstrated that Kr-h1 is necessary for maintaining nymphal characters in R. pedestris. The function of Kr-h1 in ovarian development remains unclear in R. pedestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuki Muramatsu
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideharu Numata
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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Reproductive Outbreaks of Sogatella furcifera Mediated by Overexpression of the Nuclear Receptor USP under Pressure from Triflumezopyrim. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213769. [PMID: 36430247 PMCID: PMC9698614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term pesticide-driven selection pressure is one of the main causes of insect outbreaks. In this study, we found that low doses of triflumezopyrim could increase the fecundity of white-backed planthoppers (Sogatella furcifera). By continuously screening 20 generations with a low dose of triflumezopyrim, a triflumezopyrim-resistant strain (Tri-strain, resistance ratio = 20.9-fold) was obtained. The average oviposition quantity and longevity of the Tri-strain (208.77 eggs and 21.31 days, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the susceptible strain (Sus-strain) (164.62 eggs and 17.85 days, respectively). To better understand the mechanism underlying the effects on reproduction, we detected the expression levels of several reproduction-related transcription factors in both the Tri- and Sus-strains. Ultraspiracle (USP) was significantly overexpressed in the Tri-strain. Knockdown of USP by RNAi severely inhibited the moulting process of S. furcifera and disrupted the development of female adult ovaries. Among the potential downstream target genes of USP, Kr-h1 (0.19-fold), Cht8 (0.56-fold) and GPCR A22 (0.31-fold) showed downregulated expression after USP-RNAi. In contrast, the expression of EcR (2.55-fold), which forms heterodimers with USP, was significantly upregulated. Furthermore, RNAi was performed on Kr-h1 in the Tri-strain, and the results show that larval moulting and the development of female adult ovaries were inhibited, consistent with the USP-RNAi results in S. furcifera. These results suggest that the transcription factors USP and Kr-h1 play important roles in the reproductive development of S. furcifera, and overexpression of USP and Kr-h1 in the Tri-resistant strain may result in reproductive outbreaks of pests.
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Reliable reference genes for qPCR normalization in females of the mirid predator, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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He Q, Zhang Y. Kr-h1, a Cornerstone Gene in Insect Life History. Front Physiol 2022; 13:905441. [PMID: 35574485 PMCID: PMC9092015 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.905441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect life cycle is coordinated by hormones and their downstream effectors. Krüppel homolog1 (Kr-h1) is one of the crucial effectors which mediates the actions of the two critical hormones of insects, the juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). It is a transcription factor with a DNA-binding motif of eight C2H2 zinc fingers which is found to be conserved among insect orders. The expression of Kr-h1 is fluctuant during insect development with high abundance in juvenile instars and lower levels in the final instar and pupal stage, and reappearance in adults, which is governed by the coordination of JH, 20E, and miRNAs. The dynamic expression pattern of Kr-h1 is closely linked to its function in the entire life of insects. Over the past several years, accumulating studies have advanced our understanding of the role of Kr-h1 during insect development. It acts as a universal antimetamorphic factor in both hemimetabolous and holometabolous species by directly inhibiting the transcription of 20E signaling genes Broad-Complex (Br-C) and Ecdysone induced protein 93F (E93), and steroidogenic enzyme genes involved in ecdysone biosynthesis. Meanwhile, it promotes vitellogenesis and ovarian development in the majority of studied insects. In addition, Kr-h1 regulates insect behavioral plasticity and caste identity, neuronal morphogenesis, maturation of sexual behavior, as well as embryogenesis and metabolic homeostasis. Hence, Kr-h1 acts as a cornerstone regulator in insect life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu He
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuanxi Zhang
- Daqing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Daqing, China
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Han H, Feng Z, Han S, Chen J, Wang D, He Y. Molecular Identification and Functional Characterization of Methoprene-Tolerant (Met) and Krüppel-Homolog 1 (Kr-h1) in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:334-343. [PMID: 35020924 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a key role in regulating insect reproductive processes. Methoprene-tolerant (Met), as a putative JH receptor, transduces JH signals by activating the transcription factor krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1). To understand the effects of Met and Kr-h1 genes on female reproduction of natural enemy insects, the Met and Kr-h1 were identified and analyzed from Harmonia axyridis Pallas (HmMet and HmKr-h1). The HmMet protein belonged to the bHLH-PAS family with bHLH domain, PAS domains, and PAC domain. HmMet mRNA was detected in all developmental stages, and the highest expression was found in the ovaries of female adults. The HmKr-h1 protein had eight C2H2-type zinc finger domains. HmKr-h1 mRNA was highly expressed from day 7 to day 9 of female adults. The tissue expression showed that HmKr-h1 was highly expressed in its wing, leg, and fat body. Knockdown of HmMet and HmKr-h1 substantially reduced the transcription of HmVg1 and HmVg2, inhibited yolk protein deposition, and reduced fecundity using RNA interference. In addition, the preoviposition period was significantly prolonged after dsMet-injection, but there was no significant difference after dsKr-h1-silencing. However, the effect on hatchability results was the opposite. Therefore, we infer that both HmMet and HmKr-h1 are involved in female reproduction of H. axyridis, and their specific functions are different in certain physiological processes. In several continents, H. axyridis are not only beneficial insects, but also invasive pests. This report will provide basis for applying or controlling the H. axyridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - ZhaoYang Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - ShiPeng Han
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - YunZhuan He
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Pandey A, Bloch G. Krüppel-homologue 1 Mediates Hormonally Regulated Dominance Rank in a Social Bee. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111188. [PMID: 34827180 PMCID: PMC8614866 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dominance hierarchies are ubiquitous in invertebrates and vertebrates, but little is known on how genes influence dominance rank. Our gaps in knowledge are specifically significant concerning female hierarchies, particularly in insects. To start filling these gaps, we studied the social bumble bee Bombus terrestris, in which social hierarchies among females are common and functionally significant. Dominance rank in this bee is influenced by multiple factors, including juvenile hormone (JH) that is a major gonadotropin in this species. We tested the hypothesis that the JH responsive transcription factor Krüppel homologue 1 (Kr-h1) mediates hormonal influences on dominance behavior. We first developed and validated a perfluorocarbon nanoparticles-based RNA interference protocol for knocking down Kr-h1 expression. We then used this procedure to show that Kr-h1 mediates the influence of JH, not only on oogenesis and wax production, but also on aggression and dominance rank. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study causally linking a gene to dominance rank in social insects, and one of only a few such studies on insects or on female hierarchies. These findings are important for determining whether there are general molecular principles governing dominance rank across gender and taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Pandey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Guy Bloch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.B.)
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Arya SK, Singh S, Upadhyay SK, Tiwari V, Saxena G, Verma PC. RNAi-based gene silencing in Phenacoccus solenopsis and its validation by in planta expression of a double-stranded RNA. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1796-1805. [PMID: 33270964 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton is a cash crop majorly affected by many hemipteran pests, among them the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis. Cotton mealybug attack has a devastating effect on cotton production and causes huge yield losses. RESULTS In this study, 25 potential RNA interference (RNAi) target genes were selected from the iBeetle database and a transcriptome data set for P. solenopsis. To assess the effectiveness of the selected target genes, three methods were utilized to deliver double-stranded (ds)RNA (ingestion, artificial diet bioassay and transient gene silencing). dsRNA molecules at different concentrations were fed to insects and insect mortality was recorded for each target gene. Based on the mortality data, three genes, Krüppel homologue-1, ADP-ATP/Translocase and IDGF-1, were selected for further gene expression studies using a reduced concentration of dsRNA (5 μg/ml). Of the three genes, Krüppel homologue-1 showed significantly downregulated expression (by 70.81% and 84.33%) at two different time points (8 and 14 days). An RNAi silencing construct was designed for Krüppel homologue-1 under control of the double enhancer CamV35S promoter in the plant binary vector. Significant downregulation of gene expression, by 66.69% and 81.80%, was found for Krüppel homologue-1 using transient gene silencing at the same time intervals. CONCLUSION This work provides the first evidence for targeting the Krüppel homologue-1 gene in a hemipteran pest, P. solenopsis, using RNAi technology through oral delivery and in planta-based transient gene silencing methods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjeet Kumar Arya
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanchita Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | | | - Vipin Tiwari
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Gauri Saxena
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen C Verma
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Regulation of Juvenile Hormone on Summer Diapause of Geleruca daurica and Its Pathway Analysis. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030237. [PMID: 33799822 PMCID: PMC8000908 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Diapause is an arrestment state in development, and plays an important role in life history in insects. It has been thought that a lack in juvenile hormone (JH) results in reproductive diapause occurring at the adult stage. However, we do not fully know about the underlying molecular mechanism. In this study, we proved that the topical application of a JH analog methoprene caused the changes at the transcriptional levels of a great number of genes, inhibited lipid accumulation, and finally delayed the adults entering diapause. Therefore, JH signaling plays an important role in regulating reproductive diapause of G. daurica, a new pest with great outbreaks in Inner Mongolia. Abstract Juvenile hormone (JH) signaling plays an important role in regulation of reproductive diapause in insects. However, we have little understanding of the effect of JH on gene expression at the transcriptome level in diapause. Galeruca daurica is a new pest in the Inner Mongolia grasslands with obligatory summer diapause in the adult stage. Topical application of a JH analog methoprene at the pre-diapause stage delayed the adults entering diapause and inhibited lipid accumulation whereas it did not during diapause. Using Illumina sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools, 54 and 138 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at 1 and 2 d after treatment, respectively. The KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the metabolism pathways. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that methoprene promoted the expression of genes encoding vitellogenin, fork head transcription factor and Krüppel homolog 1, whereas suppressed the expression of genes encoding juvenile hormone-binding protein, juvenile hormone esterase, juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase and fatty acid synthase 2. These results indicate that JH signaling plays an important role in regulating reproductive diapause of G. daurica.
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Zhu Z, Tong C, Qiu B, Yang H, Xu J, Zheng S, Song Q, Feng Q, Deng H. 20E-mediated regulation of BmKr-h1 by BmKRP promotes oocyte maturation. BMC Biol 2021; 19:39. [PMID: 33632227 PMCID: PMC7905918 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) is a critical transcription factor for juvenile hormone (JH) signaling, known to play a key role in regulating metamorphosis and adult reproduction in insects. Kr-h1 can also be induced by molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), however, the underlying mechanism of 20E-induced Kr-h1 expression remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Kr-h1 induction by 20E in the reproductive system of a model lepidopteran insect, Bombyx mori. RESULTS Developmental and tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that BmKr-h1 was highly expressed in ovaries during the late pupal and adult stages and the expression was induced by 20E. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion of BmKr-h1 in female pupae severely repressed the transcription of vitellogenin receptor (VgR), resulting in the reduction in vitellogenin (Vg) deposition in oocytes. BmKr-h1 specifically bound the Kr-h1 binding site (KBS) between - 2818 and - 2805 nt upstream of BmVgR and enhanced the transcription of BmVgR. A 20E cis-regulatory element (CRE) was identified in the promoter of BmKr-h1 and functionally verified using luciferase reporter assay, EMSA and DNA-ChIP. Using pull-down assays, we identified a novel transcription factor B. mori Kr-h1 regulatory protein (BmKRP) that specifically bound the BmKr-h1 CRE and activated its transcription. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of BmKRP in female pupae suppressed the transcription of BmKr-h1 and BmVgR, resulting in arrested oogenesis. CONCLUSION We identified BmKRP as a new transcription factor mediating 20E regulation of B. mori oogenesis. Our data suggests that induction of BmKRP by 20E regulates BmKr-h1 expression, which in turn induces BmVgR expression to facilitate Vg uptake and oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chunmei Tong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Binbin Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Hongguang Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sichun Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Huimin Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Li X, Chen T, Jiang H, Huang J, Huang M, Xu R, Xie Q, Zhu H, Su S. Effects of methyl farnesoate on Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) during vitellogenesis in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 224:106653. [PMID: 33249353 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methyl farnesoate (MF), a de-epoxidized form of juvenile hormone (JH) Ⅲ in insects, may regulate developmental processes such as reproduction and ovarian maturation in crustaceans. Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) is a target response gene for the methoprene-tolerant (Met) protein that is a component of the JH signaling pathway in insects. In the present study, Es-Kr-h1 was cloned from E. sinensis and characterized to ascertain whether JH/MF signaling in insects is conserved in crustaceans. The findings with molecular structure analysis indicated Es-Kr-h1 contains seven zinc finger motifs (Zn2-Zn8) commonly conserved in other crustaceans, but the Zn1 motif was not detected to be present. The PCR results indicated that relative abundance of Es-Kr-h1 mRNA transcript in the hepatopancreas was greatest in the Stage Ⅱ, followed by the Stage Ⅳ ovarian developmental categories. The relative abundance of Es-Kr-h1 mRNA transcript in vitro was greater after MF addition to the hepatopancreas, however, not the ovarian tissues. The results from in vivo and eyestalk ablation experiments indicated the relative abundance of Es-Kr-h1 mRNA transcript was greater after MF treatment and bilateral eyestalk removal in the hepatopancreas, however, not ovarian tissues. Notably, there were effects of MF on relative abundance of Es-Kr-h1 mRNA transcript pattern. The Es-Kr-h1 protein, therefore, may be involved in MF-mediated vitellogenesis resulting from the response to Es-Met in E. sinensis, and the JH/MF signaling pathway is potentially conserved in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Tiantian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hucheng Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengting Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruihan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiming Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haojie Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shiping Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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