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Jegadheeshwari S, Velayutham M, Gunasekaran K, Kesavan M. DbGTi: Thermostable trypsin inhibitor from Dioscorea bulbifera L. ground tubers: assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity evaluation using zebrafish model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130244. [PMID: 38387638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress disorders and diseases caused by drug-resistant bacteria have emerged as significant public health concerns. Plant-based medications like protease inhibitors are growing despite adverse effects therapies. Consecutively, in this study, trypsin inhibitors from Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DbGTi trypsin inhibitor) ground tubers were isolated, purified, characterized, and evaluated for their potential cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. DbGTi protein was purified by Q-Sepharose matrix, followed by trypsin inhibitory activity. The molecular weight of the DbGTi protein was found to be approximately 31 kDa by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The secondary structure analysis by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that the DbGTi protein predominantly comprises β sheets followed by α helix. DbGTi protein showed competitive type of inhibition with Vmax = 2.1372 × 10-1 μM/min, Km = 1.1805 × 102 μM, & Ki = 8.4 × 10-9 M and was stable up to 70 °C. DbGTi protein exhibited 58 % similarity with Dioscorin protein isolated from Dioscorea alata L. as revealed by LC-MS/MS analysis. DbGTi protein showed a non-toxic effect, analyzed by MTT, Haemolytic assay and in vivo studies on zebrafish model. DbGTi protein significantly inhibited K. pneumoniae and has excellent antioxidant properties, confirmed by various antioxidant assays. The results of anti-microbial, cytotoxicity and antioxidant assays demonstrate its bioactive potential and non-toxic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jegadheeshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Integrative Physiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Kanchipuram, India
| | - K Gunasekaran
- Department of Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M Kesavan
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Sudhakaran G, Selvam M, Sreekutty AR, Chandran A, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Raman P, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Luteolin photo-protects zebrafish from environmental stressor ultraviolet radiation (UVB). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:720-734. [PMID: 37609830 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2249944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B wavelength ray radiation (UVB) is an environmental stressor with detrimental effects to the aquatic and human systems but also enhances adverse effects when combined with several other environmental factors such as temperature and pollution. UV rays induce cellular oxidative damage and impair motility. This study aimed to examine the photo-protective activity of flavonoid luteolin against UV-B irradiation-induced oxidative stress and cellular damage using zebrafish. An in-vivo photoaging model was established using UV-B irradiation in zebrafish larvae exposed to 100 mJ/cm2. Data demonstrated that UV-B irradiation of swimming water enhanced production of ROS and superoxide anions as well as depleted total glutathione levels in zebrafish larvae. UV-B irradiation also triggered cellular damage and membrane rupture in zebra fish. Further, 100 mJ/cm2 of UV-B radiation exposure to adult-wild type zebrafish co-exposed with intraperitoneally (ip) injected luteolin upregulated the local neuroendocrine axes by activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and elevating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Histologically, UV-B irradiation induced skin lesions and locomotory defects with clumping and degeneration of brain glial cells. However, luteolin effectively inhibited the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased superoxide anion levels induced by UV-B irradiation. Luteolin restored the depleted glutathione levels. In addition, luteolin blocked apoptosis and lipidperoxidation. Luteolin protected adult zebrafish by downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine protein expression levels and diminishing VEGF activation. Luteolin also alleviated locomotory defects by inhibiting activation of microglia and inflammatory responses by preventing accumulation of glial cells and vacuolation. Data demonstrate that luteolin may protect zebrafish from UV-B-induced photodamage through DNA-protective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Madesh Selvam
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - A R Sreekutty
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Abhirami Chandran
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pachaiappan Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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Sudhakaran G, Velayutham M, Aljarba NH, Al-Hazani TM, Arokiyaraj S, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Nimbin (N1) and analog N3 from the neem seeds suppress the migration of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and arrest the cells in a quiescent state mediated via activation of the caspase-modulated apoptotic pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7357-7369. [PMID: 37450077 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products are considered effective sources for new therapeutic research and development. The numerous therapeutic properties of natural substances in traditional medicine compel us to investigate the anti-cancer properties of Nimbin (N1) and its semi-natural analog Nimbic acid (N3) from Azadirachta indica against MG-63 Osteosarcoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic efficacy of N1 and N3 were screened for their toxicity and cytotoxic activity using L6 myotubes, zebrafish larvae and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using the Rhodamine 123 stain. Further, the nuclear and cellular damage was distinguished using Hoechst and Acridine orange/EtBr stain. The mechanism of cell cycle progression, cellular proliferation and caspase cascade activation was screened using scratch assay, flow cytometry, and mRNA expression analysis. RESULTS The Nimbin and analogue N3 were found to be non-toxic to normal L6 cells (Rat skeletal muscles), exhibited cytotoxicity in MG-63 cells, and were exposed to be an active inhibitor of cell proliferation and migration. Analogs N1 and N3 induced negative mitochondrial membrane potential when stained with Rhodamine 123, leading to nuclear damage and apoptosis stimulation using AO/EtBr and Hoechst. Further, N1 and N3 induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in flow cytometry using PI staining and induced apoptosis by activating the caspase cascade and upregulated Caspase 3 and caspase 9. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated cytotoxic activity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells while being non-toxic to normal L6 cells. These compounds inhibited cell proliferation and migration, induced mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear damage, and apoptosis stimulation. Furthermore, N1 and N3 caused cell cycle arrest and activated the caspase cascade, ultimately leading to apoptosis. These findings indicate that N1 and N3 hold promise as potential candidates used alone or combined with existing drugs for further investigation and development as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nada H Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Mohamad Al-Hazani
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharj, 11940, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Ren T, Xiao P, Duan JA. Novel and efficient techniques in the discovery of antioxidant peptides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37585700 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2245052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
As a research hotspot in food science and nutrition, antioxidant peptides can function by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting peroxides, and chelating metal ions. Therefore, how to efficiently discover and screen antioxidant peptides has become a key issue in research and production. Traditional discovery methods are time-consuming and costly, but also challenging to resolve the quantitative structure-activity relationship of antioxidant peptides. Several novel techniques, including artificial intelligence, molecular docking, bioinformatics, quantum chemistry, phage display, switchSENSE, surface plasmon resonance, and fluorescence polarization, are emerging rapidly as solutions. These techniques possess efficient capability for the discovery of antioxidant peptides, even with the potential for high-throughput screening. In addition, the quantitative structure-activity relationship can be resolved. Notably, combining these novel techniques can overcome the drawbacks of a single one, thus improving efficiency and expanding the discovery horizon. This review has summarized eight novel and efficient techniques for discovering antioxidant peptides and the combination of techniques. This review aims to provide scientific evidence and perspectives for antioxidant peptide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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5
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Balachandran A, Siyumbwa SN, Froemming GRA, Beata MM, Małgorzata J, Lavilla CA, Billacura MP, Okechukwu PN. In Vitro Antioxidant and Fibroblast Migration Activities of Fractions Eluded from Dichloromethane Leaf Extract of Marantodes pumilum. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1409. [PMID: 37374190 DOI: 10.3390/life13061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) The complexity of diabetes and diabetic wound healing remains a therapeutic challenge because proper and systematic wound care and management are essential to prevent chronic microbial infection and mechanical damage to the skin. Marantodes pumilum, locally known as 'Kacip Fatimah', is an herb that has been previously reported to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive and antipyretic properties. The current study aims to assess the antioxidant and fibroblast cell migration activities of the fractions eluded from the dichloromethane extract of M. pumilum leaves. (2) The total antioxidant capacity of M. pumilum was assessed using the total proanthocyanidins and phosphomolybdenum assays, while DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide free radical scavenging assays were tested to determine the antioxidant potential of M. pumilum. An in vitro scratch wound assay was performed to measure the fibroblast cell migration rate using normal and insulin-resistant human dermal fibroblast cells. (3) All M. pumilum fractions exhibited good antioxidant and fibroblast cell migration activity, among which fractions A and E displayed the greatest effect. (4) M. pumilum's fibroblast migration activity could be attributed to its strong antioxidant properties along with its previously reported properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbirami Balachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Stepfanie N Siyumbwa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Gabriele R A Froemming
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Morak-Młodawska Beata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Sílesia, Jagiellonska, Str. 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jeleń Małgorzata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Sílesia, Jagiellonska, Str. 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Charlie A Lavilla
- Chemistry Department, College of Science & Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
| | - Merell P Billacura
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Main Campus, Marawi City 9700, Lanao del Sur, Philippines
| | - Patrick N Okechukwu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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García-Beltrán JM, Arizcun M, Chaves-Pozo E. Antimicrobial Peptides from Photosynthetic Marine Organisms with Potential Application in Aquaculture. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050290. [PMID: 37233484 DOI: 10.3390/md21050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture production is at a record level and is estimated to increase in the coming years. However, this production can be negatively affected by infectious diseases produced by viruses, bacteria, and parasites, causing fish mortality and economic losses. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides that may be promising candidates to replace antibiotics because they are the first line of defense in animals against a wide variety of pathogens and have no negative effects; they also show additional activities such as antioxidant or immunoregulatory functions, which makes them powerful alternatives for use in aquaculture. Moreover, AMPs are highly available in natural sources and have already been used in the livestock farming and food industries. Photosynthetic marine organisms can survive under all kinds of environmental conditions and under extremely competitive environments thanks to their flexible metabolism. For this reason, these organisms represent a powerful source of bioactive molecules as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, including AMPs. Therefore, in this study we reviewed the present knowledge about AMPs from photosynthetic marine organism sources and analyzed whether they could be suitable for use in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María García-Beltrán
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
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7
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Advancements in Skin Delivery of Natural Bioactive Products for Wound Management: A Brief Review of Two Decades. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051072. [PMID: 35631658 PMCID: PMC9143175 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of modern delivery techniques to natural bioactive products improves their permeability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. Many natural products have desirable biological properties applicable to wound healing but are limited by their inability to cross the stratum corneum to access the wound. Over the past two decades, modern systems such as microneedles, lipid-based vesicles, hydrogels, composite dressings, and responsive formulations have been applied to natural products such as curcumin or aloe vera to improve their delivery and efficacy. This article reviews which natural products and techniques have been formulated together in the past two decades and the success of these applications for wound healing. Many cultures prefer natural-product-based traditional therapies which are often cheaper and more available than their synthetic counterparts. Improving natural products’ effect can provide novel wound-healing therapies for those who trust traditional compounds over synthetic drugs to reduce medical inequalities.
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8
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Md S, Abdullah S, Alhakamy NA, Shaik RA, Eldakhakhny BM, Omar UM, Eid BG, Ansari AR, Alamoudi AJ, Rizg WY, Riadi Y, Venkateswaran SP, Rashid MA. Development and Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba/Sodium Alginate Nanocomplex Gel as a Long-Acting Formulation for Wound Healing. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030189. [PMID: 35323302 PMCID: PMC8949612 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the Ginkgo biloba nanocomplex gel (GKNG) as a long-acting formulation for the wound healing potential. Pharmaceutical analysis showed an average particle size of 450.14 ± 36.06 nm for GKNG, zeta potential +0.012 ± 0.003 mV, and encapsulation efficiency 91 ± 1.8%. The rheological analysis also showed the optimum diffusion rate and viscosity needed for topical drug delivery. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis further confirmed the success of GKNG. The in vivo study showed increments in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and a lower level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) after GKNG treatment. The GKNG group showed upregulations in collagen type I, as alpha 1 collagen (COL1A1), and collagen type IV, as alpha 1 collagen (COL4A1). Furthermore, the in vivo study showed increments in hydroxyproline, epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) after the GKNG. Additionally, GKNG effectively increased the wound contraction compared to GK gel and sodium alginate (SA) gel. Based on the in vitro and in vivo evaluation, GKNG effectively accelerated wound healing by modulation of antioxidant enzymes, collagens, angiogenic factors, and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (W.Y.R.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Samaa Abdullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (W.Y.R.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed A. Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.S.); (B.G.E.)
| | - Basmah Medhat Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ulfat Mohammad Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.S.); (B.G.E.)
| | | | - Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.S.); (B.G.E.)
| | - Waleed Y. Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (W.Y.R.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sunil Pazhayanur Venkateswaran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Md Abdur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
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9
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Sarkar P, Stefi Raju V, Kuppusamy G, Rahman MA, Elumalai P, Harikrishnan R, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Pathogenic fungi affecting fishes through their virulence molecules. AQUACULTURE 2022; 548:737553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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10
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Sudhakaran G, Prathap P, Guru A, Rajesh R, Sathish S, Madhavan T, Arasu MV, Al‐Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Anti‐inflammatory role demonstrated both
in vitro
and
in vivo
models using non‐steroidal tetranortriterpenoid, Nimbin (N1) and its analogues (N2 and N3) that alleviate the domestication of alternative medicine. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:771-791. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Science and HumanitiesSRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur603 203ChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Pandurangan Prathap
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur603 203ChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Science and HumanitiesSRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur603 203ChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Ravi Rajesh
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur603 203ChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Sruthy Sathish
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur603 203ChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur603 203ChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and MicrobiologyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al‐Dhabi
- Department of Botany and MicrobiologyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan‐Eup, Cheonan‐SiChungnam330‐801Republic of Korea
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur603 203ChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Science and HumanitiesSRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur603 203ChennaiTamil NaduIndia
- Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), ThoraipakkamChennai600 097Tamil NaduIndia
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11
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Velayutham M, Guru A, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Elumalai P, Harikrishnan R, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. GR15 peptide of S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMe) from Arthrospira platensis demonstrated antioxidant mechanism against H 2O 2 induced oxidative stress in in-vitro MDCK cells and in-vivo zebrafish larvae model. J Biotechnol 2021; 342:79-91. [PMID: 34751134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
GR15 is a short molecule or peptide composed of aliphatic amino acids and possesses to have antioxidant properties. The GR15, 1GGGAFSGKDPTKVDR15 was identified from the protein S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMe) expressed during the sulfur departed state of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina or cyanobacteria). The in-silico assessment and the structural features of GR15 showed its antioxidant potency. Real-time PCR analysis found the up-regulation of ApSAMe expression on day 15 against oxidative stress due to 10 mM H2O2 treatment in A. platensis (Ap). The antioxidant activity of GR15 was accessed by the cell-free antioxidant assays such as ABTS, SARS, HRAS and NO; the results showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The toxicity assay was performed in both in vitro and in vivo models, in which peptide does not exhibit any toxicity in MDCK cell and zebrafish embryos. The intercellular ROS reduction potential of GR15 peptide was also investigated in both in vitro and in vivo models including LDH assay, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), and fluorescent staining assay (DCFDA, Hochest and Acridine orange sting) was performed; the results showed that the GR15 peptide was effectively reduced the ROS level. Further, RT-PCR demonstrated that GR15 enhanced the antioxidant property and also up-regulated the antioxidant gene, thus reduced the ROS level in both in vitro and in vivo models. Based on the results obtained from this study, we propose that GR15 has the potential antioxidant ability; hence further research can be directed towards the therapeutic product or drug development against disease caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Velayutham
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- Department of Fish Processing Technology (Biochemistry), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi 682 506, Kerala, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Antibacterial Effect of a Short Peptide, VV18, from Calcineurin-A of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Antibiofilm Agent Against Escherichia coli and a Bacterial Membrane Disruptor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Raju SV, Sarkar P, Pasupuleti M, Abbasi AM, Al-Farraj DA, Elshikh MS, Elumalai P, Harikrishnan R, Rahman MA, Arockiaraj J. Antibacterial Activity of RM12, a Tachykinin Derivative, Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Sarkar P, Guru A, Raju SV, Farasani A, Oyouni AAA, Alzahrani OR, Althagafi HAE, Alharthi F, Karuppiah KM, Arockiaraj J. GP13, an Arthrospira platensis cysteine desulfurase-derived peptide, suppresses oxidative stress and reduces apoptosis in human leucocytes and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo via attenuated caspase-3 expression. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2021; 33:101665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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15
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Silva MROBD, M. da Silva G, Silva ALFD, Lima LRAD, Bezerra RP, Marques DDAV. Bioactive Compounds of Arthrospira spp. (Spirulina) with Potential Anticancer Activities: A Systematic Review. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2057-2067. [PMID: 34597512 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arthrospira, a genus of blue-green cyanobacteria, is known for its great biological activity due to the presence of a large number of substances that are potentially active against tumor cells. This review aimed to evaluate the potential of Arthrospira spp. for the treatment or reduction of several types of cancer, in addition to elucidating the mechanism of action by which their compounds act on tumor cells. A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, LILACS, and SciELO databases, including original studies from 2009 to 2020. A total of 1306 articles were independently assessed according to the eligibility criteria, of which 20 articles were selected and assessed for the risk of bias using seven criteria developed by the authors. Arthrospira spp. of cyanobacteria have been evaluated against eight different types of cancer, mainly colon cancer. Among all the compounds, phycocyanin was the most used, followed by peptides and photosensitizers. In general, compounds from Arthrospira spp. act as anticancer agents by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, triggering cell cycle arrest, and inducing apoptosis via different signaling pathways. In addition, these compounds also exhibited antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities. Phycocyanin demonstrated better efficacy against several types of cancer via different activities and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, it was the only molecule that functioned in synergy with other drugs that are already well established for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rafaele O. B. da Silva
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gisele M. da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 55294-902 Garanhus, PE, Brazil
| | - Amannda L. F. da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiza R. A. de Lima
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 55294-902 Garanhus, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel P. Bezerra
- Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daniela de A. V. Marques
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Abdel-Samad MRK, Taher FA. Wound healing and antibacterial activities of water-soluble chitosan nanoparticles and excretion/secretion as a natural combination from medicinal maggots, Lucilia cuprina. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115211053921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wounds management takes a high interest in the medical field and the addition of antimicrobial agents in an assortment of wound dressings leads to delay the wound healing. This study aimed at preparing natural combination between excretion/secretion (ES) and water-soluble chitosan nanoparticles (from Lucilia cuprina maggots) and investigating its antibacterial and wound healing activities. ES of maggots was collected, and the water-soluble chitosan nanoparticles (WSCNPs) were prepared and characterized. Antibacterial activities of combinations were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. ES-WSC-2 combination that contains 50% ES and 1% WSCNPs showed highest antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria compared to the other combinations. In vitro, the ES-WSC-2 combination was used to study the wound healing activity by scratch assay. The synergism between ES and WSCNPs (in ES-WSC-2 combination) accelerated the wound healing rate which suggests the use of this combination as an effective natural antibacterial and wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad RK Abdel-Samad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Al-Azhar Technology Incubator (ATI), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Taher
- Al-Azhar Technology Incubator (ATI), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Miguel SP, Ribeiro MP, Otero A, Coutinho P. Application of microalgae and microalgal bioactive compounds in skin regeneration. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Raju SV, Mukherjee A, Sarkar P, Issac PK, Lite C, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Al-Mfarij AR, Arockiaraj J. RM12 similar to substance P from tachykinin of freshwater murrel Channa striatus influence intracellular ROS in vitro fish erythrocytes and developmental toxicity and antioxidant enzymes in vivo zebrafish embryo. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1073-1085. [PMID: 34021418 PMCID: PMC8139370 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, substance P, an antioxidant peptide of tachykinin, was identified using bioinformatics tools from the earlier established muscle transcriptome of a freshwater murrel Channa striatus and the peptide was named RM12. The antioxidant properties of RM12 were screened using various colorimetric assays. The toxicity of RM12 was experimented using fish erythrocytes, and it is observed that the maximum concentration (320 μM) of RM12 was found to have 15 or 20% of hemolytic activity; however, it was not significant with other tested concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μM). Further, the in vivo antioxidant properties of RM12 were experimented on zebrafish embryo, the intracellular ROS level was estimated by 5 mM H2O2 stress in the zebrafish embryo, and inhibition of apoptosis was evaluated. The antioxidant enzymes were extracted from the H2O2-stressed zebrafish embryo, and the intracellular ROS was eliminated due to RM12. Collectively, the experiment showed that the substance P from the freshwater murrel C. striatus possessed potent antioxidant properties; thus, it can further be focused to develop it as antioxidant molecule in aquaculture organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefi V Raju
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christy Lite
- Endocrine and Exposome Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai, 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rahman Al-Mfarij
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Velayutham M, Ojha B, Issac PK, Lite C, Guru A, Pasupuleti M, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arockiaraj J. NV14 from serine O-acetyltransferase of cyanobacteria influences the antioxidant enzymes in vitro cells, gene expression against H 2 O 2 and other responses in vivo zebrafish larval model. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2331-2346. [PMID: 34314086 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have identified a novel peptide NV14 with antioxidative functions from serine O-acetyltransferase (SAT) of Artrospira platensis (Ap). The full sequence of ApSAT and its derived NV14 peptide "NVRIGAGSVVLRDV" (141-154) was characterized using bioinformatics tools. To address the transcriptional activity of ApSAT in response to induce generic oxidative stress, the spirulina culture was exposed to H2 O2 (10 mM). The ApSAT expression was studied using RT-PCR across various time points and it was found that the expression of the ApSAT was significantly upregulated on Day 15. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay against NV14 was performed in human dermal fibroblast cells and human blood leukocytes. Results showed that NV14 treatment was non-cytotoxic to the cells. Besides, in vivo treatment of NV14 in zebrafish larvae did not exhibit the signs of developmental toxicity. Further, the in vitro antioxidant assays enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD and CAT, due to NV14 treatment; and also significantly reduced the MDA levels, while increasing the superoxide radical and H2 O2 scavenging activity. The expression of antioxidant enzyme genes glutathione peroxidase, γ-glutamyl cysteine synthase, and glutathione S-transferase were found to be upregulated in the NV14 peptide pretreated zebrafish larvae when induced with generic oxidative stress, H2 O2 . Overall, the study showed that NV14 peptide possessed potent antioxidant properties, which were demonstrated over both in vitro and in vivo assays. NV14 enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes at the molecular level, thereby modulating and reversing the cellular antioxidant balance disrupted due to the H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Velayutham
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Biswajeet Ojha
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christy Lite
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha school of Technical and Medical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Insulin signaling pathway assessment by enhancing antioxidant activity due to morin using in vitro rat skeletal muscle L6 myotubes cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5857-5872. [PMID: 34302266 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-derived phytochemicals such as flavonoids have been explored to be powerful antioxidants that protect against oxidative stress-related diseases. In the present study, Morin, a flavonoid compound was studied for its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in relation to oxidative stress in insulin resistant models conducted in rat skeletal muscle L6 cell line model. METHODS Evaluation of antioxidant property of morin was assayed using in vitro methods such as cell viability by MTT assay, estimation of SOD and CAT activity and NO scavenging activity. The anti-oxidative nature of morin on L6 cell line was conducted by the DCF-DA fluorescent activity. Glucose uptake in morin treated L6 myotubes are accessed by 2-NBDG assay in the presence or absence of IRTK and PI3K inhibitors. Further glycogen content estimation due to the morin treatment in L6 myotubes was performed. Antioxidant and insulin signaling pathway gene expression was examined over RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Morin has a negligible cytotoxic effect at doses of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µM concentration according to cell viability assay. Morin revealed that the levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT in L6 myotubes had increased. When the cells were subjected to the nitro blue tetrazolium assay, morin lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation at 60 µM concentration displaying 39% ROS generation in oxidative stress condition. Lesser NO activity and a drop in green fluorescence emission in the DCFDA assay, demonstrating its anti-oxidative nature by reducing ROS formation in vitro. Glucose uptake by the L6 myotube cells using 2-NBDG, and with IRTK and PI3K inhibitors (genistein and wortmannin) showed a significant increase in glucose uptake by the cells which shows the up regulated GLUT-4 movement from intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. Morin (60 µM) significantly enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes GPx, GST and GCS as well as insulin signalling genes IRTK, IRS-1, PI3K, GLUT-4, GSK-3β and GS in L6 myotubes treated cells. CONCLUSION Morin has the ability to act as an anti-oxidant by lowering ROS levels and demonstrating insulin mimetic activity by reversing insulin resistance associated with oxidative stress.
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Issac PK, Lite C, Guru A, Velayutham M, Kuppusamy G, Saraswathi NT, Al Olayan EM, Aloufi AS, Elokaby MA, Elumalai P, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Tryptophan-tagged peptide from serine threonine-protein kinase of Channa striatus improves antioxidant defence in L6 myotubes and attenuates caspase 3-dependent apoptotic response in zebrafish larvae. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:293-311. [PMID: 33394283 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the antioxidant property and molecular mechanism of a tryptophan-tagged peptide derived from a teleost fish Channa striatus of serine threonine-protein kinase (STPK). The peptide was tagged with tryptophan to enhance the antioxidant property of STPK and named as IW13. The antioxidant activity of IW13 peptide was investigated using in vitro methods such as DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Furthermore, to investigate the toxicity and dose response of IW13 peptide on antioxidant defence in vitro, L6 myotubes were induced with generic oxidative stress due to exposure of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). IW13 peptide exposure was found to be non-cytotoxic to L6 cells in the tested concentration (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μM). Also, the pre-treatment of IW13 peptide decreased the lipid peroxidation level and increased glutathione enzyme activity. IW13 peptide treatment upregulated the antioxidant enzyme genes: GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GST (glutathione S transferase) and GCS (glutamine cysteine synthase), in vitro in L6 myotubes and in vivo in zebrafish larvae against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The results demonstrated that IW13 renders protection against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress through a cellular antioxidant defence mechanism by upregulating the gene expression, thus enhancing the antioxidant activity in the cellular or organismal level. The findings exhibited that the tryptophan-tagged IW13 peptide from STPK of C. striatus could be a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Christy Lite
- Endocrine and Exposome Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 059, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Giva Kuppusamy
- Innovation and Technology Advancement Department, GK Aqua Sdn Bhd, Lot 563 Kg Sg Machang Ulu, 71750, Lenggeng, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Ebtesam M Al Olayan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S Aloufi
- Department of Zoology, Vaccines Research Unit, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Elokaby
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- School of Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kerala, India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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22
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Bajgar A, Krejčová G, Doležal T. Polarization of Macrophages in Insects: Opening Gates for Immuno-Metabolic Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629238. [PMID: 33659253 PMCID: PMC7917182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and cachexia represent severe metabolic syndromes accompanying a variety of human pathological states, from life-threatening cancer and sepsis to chronic inflammatory states, such as obesity and autoimmune disorders. Although the origin of these metabolic syndromes has not been fully comprehended yet, a growing body of evidence indicates their possible interconnection with the acute and chronic activation of an innate immune response. Current progress in insect immuno-metabolic research reveals that the induction of insulin resistance might represent an adaptive mechanism during the acute phase of bacterial infection. In Drosophila, insulin resistance is induced by signaling factors released by bactericidal macrophages as a reflection of their metabolic polarization toward aerobic glycolysis. Such metabolic adaptation enables them to combat the invading pathogens efficiently but also makes them highly nutritionally demanding. Therefore, systemic metabolism has to be adjusted upon macrophage activation to provide them with nutrients and thus support the immune function. That anticipates the involvement of macrophage-derived systemic factors mediating the inter-organ signaling between macrophages and central energy-storing organs. Although it is crucial to coordinate the macrophage cellular metabolism with systemic metabolic changes during the acute phase of bacterial infection, the action of macrophage-derived factors may become maladaptive if chronic or in case of infection by an intracellular pathogen. We hypothesize that insulin resistance evoked by macrophage-derived signaling factors represents an adaptive mechanism for the mobilization of sources and their preferential delivery toward the activated immune system. We consider here the validity of the presented model for mammals and human medicine. The adoption of aerobic glycolysis by bactericidal macrophages as well as the induction of insulin resistance by macrophage-derived factors are conserved between insects and mammals. Chronic insulin resistance is at the base of many human metabolically conditioned diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cachexia. Therefore, revealing the original biological relevance of cytokine-induced insulin resistance may help to develop a suitable strategy for treating these frequent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bajgar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Doležal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
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23
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Guru A, Lite C, Freddy AJ, Issac PK, Pasupuleti M, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Intracellular ROS scavenging and antioxidant regulation of WL15 from cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 demonstrated in zebrafish in vivo model. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103863. [PMID: 32918928 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant peptides are naturally present in food, especially in fishes, and are considered to contain rich source of various bioactive compounds that are structurally heterogeneous. This study aims to identify and characterize the antioxidant property of the WL15 peptide, derived from Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) identified from the transcriptome of a freshwater food fish, Channa striatus. C. striatus is already studied to contain high levels of amino acids and fatty acids, besides traditionally known for its pharmacological benefits in the Southeast Asian region. In our study, in vitro analysis of WL15 peptide exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay. Further, to evaluate the cytotoxicity and dose-response, the Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were used. Results showed that the treatment of HDF cells with varying concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μM) of WL15 peptide was not cytotoxic. However, the treatment concentrations showed enhanced antioxidant properties by significantly inhibiting the levels of free radicals. For in vivo assessment, we have used zebrafish larvae for evaluating the developmental toxicity and for determining the antioxidant property of the WL15 peptide. Zebrafish embryos were treated with the WL15 peptide from 4 h of post-fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf covering the embryo-larval developmental period. At the end of the exposure period, the larvae were exposed to H2O2 (1 mM) for inducing generic oxidative stress. The exposure of WL15 peptide during the embryo-larval period showed no developmental toxicity even in higher concentrations of the peptide. Besides, the WL15 peptide considerably decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels induced by H2O2 exposure. WL15 peptide also inhibited the H2O2-induced caspase 3-dependent apoptotic response in zebrafish larvae was observed using the whole-mount immunofluorescence staining. Overall results from our study showed that the pre-treatment of WL15 (50 μM) in the H2O2-exposed zebrafish larvae, attenuated the expression of activated caspase 3 expressions, reduced Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The gene expression of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxide (GPx) and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) was found to be upregulated. In conclusion, it can be conceived that pre-treatment with WL15 could mitigate H2O2-induced oxidative injury by elevating the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, thereby decreasing MDA levels and cellular apoptosis by enhancing the antioxidant response, demonstrated by the in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christy Lite
- Endocrine and Exposome Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai, 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Allen J Freddy
- Endocrine and Exposome Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai, 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1 Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Demay J, Halary S, Knittel-Obrecht A, Villa P, Duval C, Hamlaoui S, Roussel T, Yéprémian C, Reinhardt A, Bernard C, Marie B. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Wound-Healing Properties of Cyanobacteria from Thermal Mud of Balaruc-Les-Bains, France: A Multi-Approach Study. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E28. [PMID: 33383796 PMCID: PMC7824682 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Balaruc-les-Bains' thermal mud was found to be colonized predominantly by microorganisms, with cyanobacteria constituting the primary organism in the microbial biofilm observed on the mud surface. The success of cyanobacteria in colonizing this specific ecological niche can be explained in part by their taxa-specific adaptation capacities, and also the diversity of bioactive natural products that they synthesize. This array of components has physiological and ecological properties that may be exploited for various applications. Methods: Nine cyanobacterial strains were isolated from Balaruc thermal mud and maintained in the Paris Museum Collection (PMC). Full genome sequencing was performed coupled with targeted and untargeted metabolomic analyses (HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS). Bioassays were performed to determine antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Results: Biosynthetic pathways for phycobiliproteins, scytonemin, and carotenoid pigments and 124 metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were characterized. Several compounds with known antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties, such as carotenoids, phycobilins, mycosporine-like amino acids, and aeruginosins, and other bioactive metabolites like microginins, microviridins, and anabaenolysins were identified. Secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 appeared to be inhibited by crude extracts of Planktothricoides raciborskii PMC 877.14, Nostoc sp. PMC 881.14, and Pseudo-chroococcus couteii PMC 885.14. The extract of the Aliinostoc sp. PMC 882.14 strain was able to slightly enhance migration of HaCat cells that may be helpful in wound healing. Several antioxidant compounds were detected, but no significant effects on nitric oxide secretion were observed. There was no cytotoxicity on the three cell types tested, indicating that cyanobacterial extracts may have anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential without harming body cells. These data open up promising uses for these extracts and their respective molecules in drugs or thermal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Demay
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, CEDEX 05, France; (J.D.); (S.H.); (C.D.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.Y.)
- Thermes de Balaruc-Les-Bains, 1 Rue du Mont Saint-Clair BP 45, 34540 Balaruc-Les-Bains, France;
| | - Sébastien Halary
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, CEDEX 05, France; (J.D.); (S.H.); (C.D.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.Y.)
| | - Adeline Knittel-Obrecht
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, PCBIS Plate-Forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg UMS, 3286, F-67412 Illkirch, France; (A.K.-O.); (P.V.)
- Labex MEDALIS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Villa
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, PCBIS Plate-Forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg UMS, 3286, F-67412 Illkirch, France; (A.K.-O.); (P.V.)
- Labex MEDALIS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Duval
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, CEDEX 05, France; (J.D.); (S.H.); (C.D.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.Y.)
| | - Sahima Hamlaoui
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, CEDEX 05, France; (J.D.); (S.H.); (C.D.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.Y.)
| | - Théotime Roussel
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, CEDEX 05, France; (J.D.); (S.H.); (C.D.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.Y.)
| | - Claude Yéprémian
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, CEDEX 05, France; (J.D.); (S.H.); (C.D.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.Y.)
| | - Anita Reinhardt
- Thermes de Balaruc-Les-Bains, 1 Rue du Mont Saint-Clair BP 45, 34540 Balaruc-Les-Bains, France;
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, CEDEX 05, France; (J.D.); (S.H.); (C.D.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.Y.)
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, CEDEX 05, France; (J.D.); (S.H.); (C.D.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.Y.)
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TL15 of Arthrospira platensis sulfite reductase scavenges free radicals demonstrated in oxidant induced larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:641-653. [PMID: 33137391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant role of sulfite reductase (SiR) derived from Arthrospira platensis (Ap) was identified through a short peptide, TL15. The study showed that the expression of ApSiR was highly expressed on day ten due to sulfur deprived stress in Ap culture. TL15 peptide exhibited strong antioxidant activity when evaluated using antioxidant assays in a concentration ranging from 7.8 and 125 μM. Further, the cytotoxicity of TL15 peptide was investigated, even at the higher concentration (250 μM), TL15 did not exhibit any toxicity, when tested in vitro using human leucocytes. Moreover, a potential reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed due to the treatment of TL15 peptide (>15.6 μM) to H2O2 exposed leucocytes. For the in vivo assessment of TL15 toxicity and antioxidant ability, experiments were performed in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae to analyse the developmental toxicity of TL15 peptide. Results showed that, exposure to TL15 peptide in tested concentrations ranging from 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM, did not affect the development and physiological parameters of the zebrafish embryo/larvae such as morphology, survival, hatching and heart rate. Fluorescent assay was performed using DCFH-DA (2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) to examine the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in zebrafish treated with TL15 peptide during the embryo-larval stages. Fluorescent images showed that pre-treatment with TL15 peptide to attenuate the H2O2 induced ROS levels in the zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Further to uncover the underlying biochemical and antioxidant mechanism, the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were studied in zebrafish larvae. TL15 pre-treated groups showed enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, while the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposed larvae showed significantly diminished activity. Overall results from the study revealed that, TL15 act as a potential antioxidant molecule with dose-specific antioxidant property. Thus, TL15 peptide could be an effective and promising source for biopharmaceutical applications.
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Piscidin, Fish Antimicrobial Peptide: Structure, Classification, Properties, Mechanism, Gene Regulation and Therapeutical Importance. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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