Assessment of IL-10, IL-1ß and TNF-α gene polymorphisms in patients with peri-implantitis and healthy controls

Serum TNF-α level and probing depth as a combined indicator for peri-implant disease

Peri-implant disease (PID) is a general term for inflammatory diseases of soft and hard tissues that occur around implants, including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Cytokines are a class of small molecule proteins, which have various functions such as regulating innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and repairing damaged tissues. In order to explore the characteristics and clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression levels in serum of patients with peri-implant disease, 31 patients with PID and 31 patients without PID were enrolled. The modified plaque index (mPLI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and peri-implant probing depth (PD) were recorded. The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 were detected by ELISA. TNF-α, mPLI, mSBI, and PD levels were significantly higher in the PID group. TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between TNF-α and mPLI, mSBI, and PD. TGF-β1 was negatively associated with TNF-α, mPLI, mSBI, and PD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that TNF-α and PD were risk factors for the severity of PID. The receiver operating curve analysis showed that high TNF-α levels (cut-off value of 140 pg/mL) and greater PD values (cut-off value of 4 mm) were good predictors of PID severity with an area under the curve of 0.922. These results indicated that TNF-α and PD can be used as a biological indicator for diagnosing the occurrence and progression of PID.

The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Expression of Interleukin-1beta, Prostaglandin E2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Cross-Sectional Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 (IL-1) A, IL-1B, and IL-1RN genes and concentrations of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF). A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 51 patients with dental implants. Samples from the buccal mucosa were obtained, and genetic analysis was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for IL-1A and IL-1B and PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for IL-1RN. For the biochemical analysis, the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were analyzed using multiplexed fluorescent sphere immunoassays, and PGE2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In patients with detected IL-1RN polymorphism, there was an increase in the concentration of the three mediators with statistically significant differences in the mean values of TNF-α and PGE2, regardless of peri-implant health status (p = 0.002 and p = 0.049, respectively). The concentrations of all three mediators were positively and significantly correlated (IL-1β vs. TNF-α Rho = 0.480, p < 0.001; IL-1β vs. PGE2 Rho = 0.382, p = 0.006; and TNF-α vs. PGE2 Rho = 0.528, p < 0.001). We can conclude that the IL-1RN polymorphism exerts an influence on the PICF immune response, which may explain the influence of this genetic polymorphism on the occurrence of peri-implantitis.

Chronic Periodontitis and the Potential Likelihood of Gastric Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study in the Korean Population Utilizing a National Health Sample Cohort

There is limited information regarding the potential association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and gastric cancer, especially in the Korean population. This study aimed to explore this relationship. This nested case-control study analyzed data from 10,174 patients with gastric cancer and 40,696 controls from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort using propensity score matching. Standardized differences were used to compare baseline characteristics between study groups. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounders were conducted to assess the association between history of CP and gastric cancer occurrence. CP histories and comprehensive subgroup analyses in the 1- and 2-year periods preceding the index date were evaluated. Individuals with a history of CP within the 1-year and 2-year periods showed an increased likelihood of developing gastric cancer. Subgroup analyses consistently supported these findings in male participants aged <65 years and individuals with various income levels or living in residential areas. However, no significant associations were observed among participants aged ≥65 years. In conclusion, CP may be a potential risk factor for gastric cancer development in the Korean population. Regular screening for gastric cancer may be necessary for high-risk individuals, specifically men aged <65 years with a history of CP.

STUDY OF IMMUNE-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE CHANGES IN ORAL FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH DISEASES OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN COMBINATION WITH GENERAL SOMATIC PATHOLOGY

OBJECTIVE

The aim: To determine the concentration of markers of the immune-inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-1β / IL-10, hsCRP) in oral fluid in patients with diseases of periodontal tissues in combination with general somatic pathology.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: The study was conducted at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Department of therapeutic dentistry FPGE, Lviv, Ukraine. The patients were divided into two groups: the main group - 144 patients (with periodontal tissue diseases on the background of general somatic pathology) and the control group - 30 somatically and dentally healthy persons, in whose oral fluid was determined the concentration of IL-1β, IL-10, hsCRP by the enzyme immunoassay method.

RESULTS

Results: As a result of our research, it was found that in people with periodontal tissue diseases, against the background of general somatic pathology, there is an activation of the immune-inflammatory response, which aggravates the course of general somatic and dental diseases in this contingent of patients.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Therefore, in patients with periodontal tissue diseases on the background of somatic diseases, a significant increase in the level of the pro-in-flammatory cytokine IL-1β and hsCRP was determined against the background of a decrease in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the oral fluid compared to the values in the control group.

Evaluation of interleukin 10, interleukin 1-beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms in patients with periodontitis and healthy controls

Background

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a prevalent infectious disease caused by an interplay between pathogens and immune responses. Gene polymorphisms are among the factors that affect susceptibility to CP. This study aimed to assess the association between CP and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) genes.

Methods

A total of 87 patients with CP and 89 healthy controls were included in this study. Venous blood samples were obtained, and DNA was extracted and purified. Segments containing the relevant genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Electrophoresis was performed after restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine genotype and allele frequencies.

Results

The CP group showed significantly different allele and genotype frequencies for three out of five SNPs: IL-10 ─ 592 C/A, IL-10 ─ 819 C/T, and IL-1ß + 3954 C/T (p < 0.05). Additionally, the frequency of the TNF-α ─ 857 AA genotype was significantly lower in patients compared with controls (p = 0.034); however, no significant differences were found in allele frequencies (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that carriers of IL-10 ─ 592 A allele and IL-1ß + 3954 T allele are at higher risk of CP (p < 0.001). Allele and genotype frequencies for TNF-α ─ 308 G/A did not differ significantly between patients and controls (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study showed specific genotypes of IL-10 ─ 592 C/A, IL-10 ─ 819 C/T, IL-1ß + 3954 C/T, and TNF-α ─ 857 G/A SNPs may be associated with an increased risk of CP development.

Host-microbiome interactions regarding peri-implantitis and dental implant loss

In the last decades, the ortho-aesthetic-functional rehabilitation had significant advances with the advent of implantology. Despite the success in implantology surgeries, there is a percentage of failures mainly due to in loco infections, through bacterial proliferation, presence of fungi and biofilm formation, originating peri-implantitis. In this sense, several studies have been conducted since then, seeking answers to numerous questions that remain unknown. Thus, the present work aims to discuss the interaction between host-oral microbiome and the development of peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis was associated with a diversity of bacterial species, being Porphiromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia described in higher proportion of peri-implantitis samples. In a parallel role, the injury of peri-implant tissue causes an inflammatory response mediated by activation of innate immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and neutrophils. In summary, the host immune system activation may lead to imbalance of oral microbiota, and, in turn, the oral microbiota dysbiosis is reported leading to cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, and proteolytic enzymes production. These biological processes may be responsible for implant loss.

Association between IL-1A and IL-1B gene polymorphisms with peri-implantitis in a Portuguese population-a pilot study

Background

Scientific evidence indicates that biological complications in dental implants tend to be concentrated in a subset of individuals, which seems to imply that the host response may play a determining role in implant success. Over the last few decades, several polymorphisms have been studied. Polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL) 1 gene cluster have been associated with periodontitis. There are some similar features in the sequence of immunopathological events in peri-implant and periodontal infections. We aimed to investigate if individuals carrying the genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IL-1A (rs1800587) and IL-1B (rs1143634) genes are more susceptible to develop peri-implantitis.

Methods

A cross-sectional analytic pilot study was conducted in 20 Caucasian Portuguese subjects divided into two groups: 10 subjects with peri-implantitis and 10 subjects with peri-implant health (control group). Samples containing cells from the buccal mucosa were stored at -20 °C and later submitted to the DNA extraction process. Genetic analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical methodologies.

Results

For the IL-1A (-889) gene polymorphism, it was observed that the mutated allele was present in a higher percentage in the peri-implantitis group compared to the control group (30% vs 15% respectively, Fisher's exact test, p = 0.45). For the IL-1B (+3954) gene polymorphism, it was also observed that the altered allele was present in a higher percentage in the disease group compared to the control group (35% vs 10% respectively, Fisher's exact test, p = 0.13). The positive genotype (at least one allele with nucleotide sequence changed in both genes) was detected in six patients, five belonging to the disease group and one to the health group.

Conclusions

Regarding IL-1 gene polymorphisms, there was no statistically significant difference between the health and disease group, however a trend should be highlighted, showing a potential link between the IL-1 genotype and peri-implantitis. More studies are needed to clarify the role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of peri-implantitis.

Association between IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-1RN Polymorphisms and Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Recent studies report that individuals with polymorphisms in the genes that encode for interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β (IL-1A and IL1B, respectively) and for IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) may be more susceptible in developing peri-implantitis. Therefore, the current systematic review evaluates what is reported about the role of genetics, more specifically of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on IL-1 and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) on IL-1RN, in the development of peri-implantitis. This systematic review was carried out by screening PubMed, B-on, Cochrane and Scopus databases, for articles English, Spanish, and Portuguese, with no limit regarding the publication year. Eight articles were selected for systematic review and four for meta-analytic syntheses. Our results show that although there is a lack of consensus in the literature, there seems to be an association between IL-1A, IL-1B, and IL-1RN polymorphisms with peri-implantitis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that patients who have the polymorphic allele at position +3954 of the IL-1B gene have on average almost twice the risk of developing peri-implantitis (odds ratio = 1.986, 95% confidence interval).

Association between Interleukin-1 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Dental Peri-Implant Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Background and objective: Interleukins (ILs), as important biochemical mediators, control the host response to inflammation and are associated with bone resorption. In the present meta-analysis, we investigated the association between IL−1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to dental peri-implant disease (PID). Materials and methods: We searched Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed/Medline databases for studies published until 9 September2021, without any restrictions. We calculated the crude OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the associations between IL−1 polymorphisms and PID risk in the five genetic models. We further performed the subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, trial sequential analysis, and calculated the publication bias. Results: Out of 212 retrieved records, sixteen articles were used in the meta-analysis. There was no association between IL−1A (–889), IL−1B (−511), IL−1B (+3953), and IL−1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and the risk of dental PIDs, but there was an increased risk of IL−1B (+3954) in the patients with PIDs. In addition, an association of the composite genotype of IL−1A (−889)/IL−1B (+3953) was observed with the risk of PIDs, but not for the composite genotype of IL−1A (−889)/IL−1B (+3954). The publication year, the ethnicity, sample size, and the outcome were significantly influenced pooled estimates of some genetic models. Trial sequential analysis showed the lack of sufficient sample sizes in the studies. Conclusions: Among IL−1 polymorphisms evaluated in the meta-analysis, the composite genotype of IL−1A (−889)/IL−1B (+3953) and IL−1B (+3954) were the only polymorphisms associated with the risk of PID. The T allele and CT genotype of IL−1B (+3954) polymorphism were also associated with an elevated risk of PID.

Association between common polymorphisms in IL-1 and TNFα and risk of peri-implant disease: A meta-analysis

Background

Pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) play important roles in host immune response and bone metabolism during dental implant osseointegration. Whether the functional polymorphisms in IL-1α, IL-1β and TNFα were associated with peri-implant disease was unclear, and we performed the present meta-analysis for this purpose.

Methods

Eligible studies investigating IL-1α C-889T, IL-1β C+3954T and C-511T, TNFα G-308A, composite genotype of IL-1α C-889T and IL-1β C+3954T for association with peri-implant disease, including peri-implantitis (PI), marginal bone loss (MBL) and implant failure/loss (IF/IL), were searched on several literature databases prior to April 30, 2021. Odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each polymorphism in different genetic models and for composite genotype comparing carriers to non-carriers.

Results

Twenty-seven studies (1324 cases with peri-implant disease and 1808 controls with healthy implants) were included. There was significant correlation between IL-1α C-889T and peri-implant disease in all genetic models. IL-1β C+3954T was associated with peri-implant disease risk in allelic (OR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.17–2.35, p = 0.004) and dominant model (OR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.19–2.53, p = 0.004), and in subgroups of Asians, Caucasians, non-smokers, IF/IL and PI. TT genotype of IL-1β C-511T increased the risk of peri-implant disease (OR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.15–2.43, p = 0.007) and MBL (OR = 4.33, 95%CI 1.72–10.9, p = 0.002) compared to CC+CT genotypes. We did not observed a significant association between TNFα G-308A and peri-implant diseases in overall or subgroups analysis. Carriers of positive composite genotype of IL-1α C-889T and IL-1β C+3954T had 1.95-fold (95%CI 1.35–2.80, p<0.001) risk of peri-implant disease and 1.76-fold (95%CI 1.05–2.95, p = 0.032) risk of IF/IL than non-carriers.

Conclusion

Functional polymorphisms of IL-1α (C-889T), IL-1β (C+3954T, C-511T) and composite genotype of IL-1 can be used as predictive markers for peri-implant disease, whereas TNFα G-308A polymorphism was not associated with peri-implant disease.

Association of IL-10 and TNF-α Polymorphisms with Dental Peri-Implant Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis, Meta-Regression, and Trial Sequential Analysis

Genetic susceptibility has been reported to be an important risk factor for peri-implant disease (PID). The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between TNF-α and IL-10 polymorphisms and PID susceptibility. The Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed/Medline databases were searched for studies published until 12 April 2021. RevMan 5.3, CMA 2.0, SPSS 22.0, and trial sequential analysis software were used. Twelve studies were included in our analysis. The pooled ORs for the association of TNF-α (−308 G > A), IL-10 (−1082 A > G), IL-10 (−819 C > T), and IL-10 (−592 A > C) polymorphisms were 1.12, 0.93, 1.35, and 0.77 for allelic; 1.42, 0.95, 3.41, and 0.34 for homozygous; 1.19, 1.88, 1.23, and 0.49 for heterozygous, 1.53, 1.12, 1.41, and 0.39 for recessive; and 1.16, 1.87, 2.65, and 0.75 for dominant models, respectively, with all the estimates being insignificant. The results showed an association between TNF-α (−308 G > A) polymorphism and the risk of PID in patients of Asian ethnicity (OR = 1.59; p = 0.03). The present meta-analysis illustrated that TNF-α (−308 G > A), IL-10 (−1082 A > G), IL-10 (−819 C > T), and IL-10 (−592 A > C) polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of PID, whereas TNF-α (−308 G > A) polymorphism was associated with an elevated risk of PID in Asian patients.