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Wang Y, Su M, Chen Y, Huang X, Ruan L, Lv Q, Li L. Research progress on the role and mechanism of DNA damage repair in germ cell development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1234280. [PMID: 37529603 PMCID: PMC10390305 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1234280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the complex and dynamic processes of replication, transcription, and translation of DNA molecules, a large number of replication errors or damage can occur which lead to obstacles in the development process of germ cells and result in a decreased reproductive rate. DNA damage repair has attracted widespread attention due to its important role in the maintenance and regulation of germ cells. This study reports on a systematic review of the role and mechanism of DNA damage repair in germline development. First, the causes, detection methods, and repair methods of DNA damage, and the mechanism of DNA damage repair are summarized. Second, a summary of the causes of abnormal DNA damage repair in germ cells is introduced along with common examples, and the relevant effects of germ cell damage. Third, we introduce the application of drugs related to DNA damage repair in the treatment of reproductive diseases and related surgical treatment of abnormal DNA damage, and summarize various applications of DNA damage repair in germ cells. Finally, a summary and discussion is given of the current deficiencies in DNA damage repair during germ cell development and future research development. The purpose of this paper is to provide researchers engaged in relevant fields with a further systematic understanding of the relevant applications of DNA damage repair in germ cells and to gain inspiration from it to provide new research ideas for related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Mengrong Su
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Lian Ruan
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
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2
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Yu H, Zhang W, Xu XR, Chen S. Drug resistance related genes in lung adenocarcinoma predict patient prognosis and influence the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9682. [PMID: 37322027 PMCID: PMC10272185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant type of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) with strong invasive ability and poor prognosis. The drug resistance related genes are potentially associated with prognosis of LUAD. Our research aimed to identify the drug resistance related genes and explore their potential prognostic value in LUAD patients. The data used in this study were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Firstly, we screened drug resistance related genes in LUAD by differential gene analysis, univariate Cox regression and drug sensitivity analyses. Subsequently, we constructed a risk score model using LASSO Cox regression analysis, and verified whether the risk score can predict the survival of LUAD patients independent of other factors. Moreover, we explored the immune infiltration of 22 immune cells between high-risk and low-risk patients. Totally 10 drug-resistance positively related genes (PLEK2, TFAP2A, KIF20A, S100P, GDF15, HSPB8, SASH1, WASF3, LAMA3 and TCN1) were identified in LUAD. The risk score model of LUAD constructed with these 10 genes could reliably predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. 18 pathways were significantly activated in high-risk group compared with low-risk group. In addition, the infiltration proportion of multiple immune cells was significantly different between high-risk and low-risk groups, and the proportion of M1 phagocytes was significantly higher in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group. The drug resistance related genes (PLEK2, TFAP2A, KIF20A, S100P, GDF15, HSPB8, SASH1, WASF3, LAMA3 and TCN1) could predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. Clarifying the roles and mechanisms of these 10 genes in regulating drug resistance in LUAD will help to improve individualized clinical treatment protocols and predict patient sensitivity to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Galactophore, Danyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Rong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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3
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Lei Z, Tian Q, Teng Q, Wurpel JND, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen Z. Understanding and targeting resistance mechanisms in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e265. [PMID: 37229486 PMCID: PMC10203373 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer therapies has been a commonly observed phenomenon in clinical practice, which is one of the major causes of treatment failure and poor patient survival. The reduced responsiveness of cancer cells is a multifaceted phenomenon that can arise from genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental factors. Various mechanisms have been discovered and extensively studied, including drug inactivation, reduced intracellular drug accumulation by reduced uptake or increased efflux, drug target alteration, activation of compensatory pathways for cell survival, regulation of DNA repair and cell death, tumor plasticity, and the regulation from tumor microenvironments (TMEs). To overcome cancer resistance, a variety of strategies have been proposed, which are designed to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment or reduce drug resistance. These include identifying biomarkers that can predict drug response and resistance, identifying new targets, developing new targeted drugs, combination therapies targeting multiple signaling pathways, and modulating the TME. The present article focuses on the different mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer and the corresponding tackling approaches with recent updates. Perspectives on polytherapy targeting multiple resistance mechanisms, novel nanoparticle delivery systems, and advanced drug design tools for overcoming resistance are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Ning Lei
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - Qin Tian
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Qiu‐Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - John N. D. Wurpel
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - Leli Zeng
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Yihang Pan
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
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4
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Rauth S, Ganguly K, Atri P, Parte S, Nimmakayala RK, Varadharaj V, Nallasamy P, Vengoji R, Ogunleye AO, Lakshmanan I, Chirravuri R, Bessho M, Cox JL, Foster JM, Talmon GA, Bessho T, Ganti AK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Elevated PAF1-RAD52 axis confers chemoresistance to human cancers. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112043. [PMID: 36709426 PMCID: PMC10374878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin- and gemcitabine-based chemotherapeutics represent a mainstay of cancer therapy for most solid tumors; however, resistance limits their curative potential. Here, we identify RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 (PAF1) as a common driver of cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance in human cancers (ovarian, lung, and pancreas). Mechanistically, cisplatin- and gemcitabine-resistant cells show enhanced DNA repair, which is inhibited by PAF1 silencing. We demonstrate an increased interaction of PAF1 with RAD52 in resistant cells. Targeting the PAF1 and RAD52 axis combined with cisplatin or gemcitabine strongly diminishes the survival potential of resistant cells. Overall, this study shows clinical evidence that the expression of PAF1 contributes to chemotherapy resistance and worse clinical outcome for lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Venkatesh Varadharaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ayoola O Ogunleye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mika Bessho
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jason M Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Wu Z, Xu B, He Q, Hu Z, Yu Z. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Ethanolic Extract Inhibited the Growth of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Suppressing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α-Dependent Glycolysis and Angiogenesis. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221142796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:The ethanolic extract of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg ( T hemsleyanum ethanolic extract [Te-EtOH]) showed positive effects against various tumors. However, there are few studies on the effects of Te-EtOH on nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We attempted to examine the inhibiting effect of Te-EtOH on NSCLC cells and to elucidate the relevant mechanisms. Methods: A549 and H1299 cells were pretreated with Te-EtOH at different concentrations. Cell viability was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and the 3-dimensional spheroid model; RNA-sequencing was also performed. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot tests were performed to determine the metabolic capability, the expressions of energy metabolism-related proteins, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway. Additionally, under hypoxic conditions, the ability of Te-EtOH to inhibit HIF-1α expression and the metabolic capability of NSCLC cells was tested. Results: Te-EtOH considerably repressed cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. RNA-sequencing revealed that Te-EtOH's inhibition of NSCLC cells activity was related to metabolism. In addition, Te-EtOH significantly inhibited glycolysis, and adenosine triphosphate and lactate accumulation in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we found that Te-EtOH could block PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway activation. Moreover, Te-EtOH significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and metabolic capability. Conclusions: Our results suggested that Te-EtOH inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells by suppressing HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhuyuan Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhiyi Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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Chang W, Li H, Wu C, Zhong L, Zhu T, Chang Z, Ou W, Wang S. Identification of an Amino Acid Metabolism-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122295. [PMID: 36553562 PMCID: PMC9778477 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of amino acid metabolism (AAM) is an important factor in cancer progression. This study intended to study the prognostic value of AAM-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: The mRNA expression profiles of LUAD datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were applied as the training and validation sets. After identifying the differentially expressed AAM-related genes, an AAM-related gene signature (AAMRGS) was constructed and validated. Additionally, we systematically analyzed the differences in immune cell infiltration, biological pathways, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity between the two AAMRGS subgroups. Results: The prognosis-related signature was constructed on the grounds of key AAM-related genes. LUAD patients were divided into AAMRGS-high and -low groups. Patients in the two subgroups differed in prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), biological pathways, and sensitivity to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and calibration curves showed good predictive ability for the nomogram. Analysis of immune cell infiltration revealed that the TME of the AAMRGS-low group was in a state of immune activation. Conclusion: We constructed an AAMRGS that could effectively predict prognosis and guide treatment strategies for patients with LUAD.
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7
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Venugopala KN. Targeting the DNA Damage Response Machinery for Lung Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121475. [PMID: 36558926 PMCID: PMC9781725 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is considered the most commonly diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of death globally. Despite the responses from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies, the current outcomes are not satisfactory. Recently, novel advances in DNA sequencing technologies have started to take off which have provided promising tools for studying different tumors for systematic mutation discovery. To date, a limited number of DDR inhibition trials have been conducted for the treatment of SCLC and NSCLC patients. However, strategies to test different DDR inhibitor combinations or to target multiple pathways are yet to be explored. With the various biomarkers that have either been recently discovered or are the subject of ongoing investigations, it is hoped that future trials would be designed to allow for studying targeted treatments in a biomarker-enriched population, which is defensible for the improvement of prognosis for SCLC and NSCLC patients. This review article sheds light on the different DNA repair pathways and some of the inhibitors targeting the proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery, such as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). In addition, the current status of DDR inhibitors in clinical settings and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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8
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He W, Lin G, Pan C, Li W, Shen J, Liu Y, Li H, Wu D, Lin X. The Identification of Two RNA Modification Patterns and Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration Characterization of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:761681. [PMID: 35154267 PMCID: PMC8831702 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.761681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: RNA modification plays an important role in many diseases. A comprehensive study of tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics mediated by RNA modification regulators will improve the understanding of TME immune regulation. Methods: We selected 26 RNA modification “writers” of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) samples and performed unsupervised clustering analysis to explore RNA modification patterns in LUAD. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with RNA modification patterns were screened to develop a “writers” of RNA modification score (WM score) system. The infiltration ratio of TME cell subsets was analyzed by CIBERSORT. Results: We identified two RNA modification modes showing different characteristics of overall survival (OS) and TME cell infiltration. According to WM score, LUAD patients were divided into a high-WM score group and a low-WM score group. High-scored patients had a poor prognosis and higher tumor mutation burden (TMB), they were more sensitive to four LUAD therapies (erlotinib, XA V939, gefitinib, and KU-55933) and more clinically responsive to PD-L1 treatment. Those with a low WM score showed higher stromal scores, ESTIMATE scores, and survival chance. Conclusion: Our work revealed the potential role of RNA modification patterns in TME, genetic variation, targeted inhibitor therapy, and immunotherapy. Identifying RNA modification pattern of LUAD patients help understand the characteristics of TME and may promote the development of immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan He
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xuejia Lin, ; Wan He,
| | - Gengpeng Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohu Pan
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangli Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wu
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuejia Lin
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuejia Lin, ; Wan He,
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Ray S, Chaturvedi NK, Bhakat KK, Rizzino A, Mahapatra S. Subgroup-Specific Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Markers Influencing Pediatric Medulloblastoma Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010061. [PMID: 35054230 PMCID: PMC8774967 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor in pediatric patients. Mainstay of therapy remains surgical resection followed by craniospinal radiation and chemotherapy, although limitations to this therapy are applied in the youngest patients. Clinically, tumors are divided into average and high-risk status on the basis of age, metastasis at diagnosis, and extent of surgical resection. However, technological advances in high-throughput screening have facilitated the analysis of large transcriptomic datasets that have been used to generate the current classification system, dividing patients into four primary subgroups, i.e., WNT (wingless), SHH (sonic hedgehog), and the non-SHH/WNT subgroups 3 and 4. Each subgroup can further be subdivided on the basis of a combination of cytogenetic and epigenetic events, some in distinct signaling pathways, that activate specific phenotypes impacting patient prognosis. Here, we delve deeper into the genetic basis for each subgroup by reviewing the extent of cytogenetic events in key genes that trigger neoplastic transformation or that exhibit oncogenic properties. Each of these discussions is further centered on how these genetic aberrations can be exploited to generate novel targeted therapeutics for each subgroup along with a discussion on challenges that are currently faced in generating said therapies. Our future hope is that through better understanding of subgroup-specific cytogenetic events, the field may improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment to improve overall quality of life for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Ray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 601 S Saddle Creek Road, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.C.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.K.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Nagendra K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 601 S Saddle Creek Road, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.C.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.K.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Kishor K. Bhakat
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.K.B.); (A.R.)
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Angie Rizzino
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.K.B.); (A.R.)
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 601 S Saddle Creek Road, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.C.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.K.B.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(402)-599-7754
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10
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Chan CC, Chen FH, Hsiao YY. Impact of Hypoxia on Relative Biological Effectiveness and Oxygen Enhancement Ratio for a 62-MeV Therapeutic Proton Beam. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2997. [PMID: 34203882 PMCID: PMC8232608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study uses the yields of double-strand breaks (DSBs) to determine the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton beams, using cell survival as a biological endpoint. DSB induction is determined when cells locate at different depths (6 positions) along the track of 62 MeV proton beams. The DNA damage yields are estimated using Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS) software. The repair outcomes are estimated using Monte Carlo excision repair (MCER) simulations. The RBE for cell survival at different oxygen concentrations is calculated using the repair-misrepair-fixation (RMF) model. Using 60Co γ-rays (linear energy transfer (LET) = 2.4 keV/μm) as the reference radiation, the RBE for DSB induction and enzymatic DSB under aerobic condition (21% O2) are in the range 1.0-1.5 and 1.0-1.6 along the track depth, respectively. In accord with RBE obtained from experimental data, RMF model-derived RBE values for cell survival are in the range of 1.0-3.0. The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) for cell survival (10%) decreases from 3.0 to 2.5 as LET increases from 1.1 to 22.6 keV/μm. The RBE values for severe hypoxia (0.1% O2) are in the range of 1.1-4.4 as LET increases, indicating greater contributions of direct effects for protons. Compared with photon therapy, the overall effect of 62 MeV proton beams results in greater cell death and is further intensified under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital—Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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