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Mohammadi R, Rezvani F, Maheronnaghsh M. Comparison of proteinase activity, hemolysin production, and adherence ability of Candida albicans isolates obtained from gastroesophageal lesions and urinary tract infections. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 27:58. [PMID: 36092484 PMCID: PMC9450245 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_35_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adhesion of Candida to host cell receptors, hemolysin production, and proteinase activity are assumed as principal virulence factors and infection establishment. These virulence factors are essential for colonization, biofilm formation, and attack on the host cells. Materials and Methods: A total of 97 Candida albicans isolates obtained from gastroesophageal lesions and urinary tract infections were included in the study. Adhesion assay, proteinase activity, and hemolysin production were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent t-test and Chi-square test to compare quantitative and qualitative data between the two groups. Results: The adherence ability to the buccal epithelial cells was the same in the two groups. Proteinase activity was seen in all clinical isolates. Hemolytic activities were not statistically significant in the two groups. Conclusion: Our results recommend that the pathogenicity of C. albicans in the mucous membranes cannot be connected to the infected site.
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Ozturk I, Tunçel A, Yurt F, Biyiklioglu Z, Ince M, Ocakoglu K. Antifungal photodynamic activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101715. [PMID: 32165338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Candida albicans is one of the most virulent and common species of fungi to cause invasive fungal infections on humans. Alternative treatment strategies, including photodynamic therapy, are needed for controlling these infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal photodynamic activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of compounds were determined by the broth microdilution method. Uptake of the compounds in C. albicans and dark toxicity of the compounds were also investigated. Photodynamic inhibition of growth experiments was performed by measuring the colony-forming unit/mL (CFU/mL) of the strain. Maximum uptake into the cells was observed in the presence of 64 μg/mL concentration for each compound except for ZnPc. Compounds did not show dark toxicity/inhibitory effects at sub-MIC concentrations on C. albicans when compared to the negative control groups. Zn(II)Pc, ZnPc, and ZnPc-TiO2 showed fungicidal effect after irradiation with the light dose of 90 J/cm2 in the presence of the compounds. In addition to the fungicidal effects, SubPc, SubPc-TiO2, Es-SiPc, and Es-SubPc compounds were also found to have inhibitory effects on the growth of yeast cells after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ozturk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, 35620, Turkey.
| | - Ayça Tunçel
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yurt
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey.
| | - Zekeriya Biyiklioglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Mine Ince
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, Mersin, 33400, Turkey
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, Mersin, 33400, Turkey
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Alves F, Carmello JC, Mima EGDO, Costa CADS, Bagnato VS, Pavarina AC. Photodithazine-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in vivo. Med Mycol 2019; 57:609-617. [PMID: 30339223 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in a murine model of oral candidosis. Mice were inoculated with two clinical isolates (R10, R15) and one reference strain (ATCC) of resistant C. albicans to produce oral candidosis. After inoculation, aPDT mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ) and LED light was performed. The use of PDZ or light only was also investigated. Additional animals were treated with Nystatin (NYS). Untreated or healthy mice were also evaluated. Microbiological evaluation was performed by recovering C. albicans from the tongue via colony-forming units. Animals were killed 24 hours after treatments, and the tongues were removed for histological analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P < .05). The results demonstrated that all strains showed the same behavior after aPDT and NYS treatment. A significant reduction in C. albicans viability was achieved after both treatments for R15 and ATCC. No significant reduction was verified for C. albicans R10 submitted to aPDT or NYS. The histological analysis revealed that aPDT did not cause side effects on tissues. aPDT was effective for inactivation of two fluconazole-resistant C. albicans of the three strains evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alves
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Biophotonics Lab, Group of Optics, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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In Vitro Determination of Hydrolytic Enzymes and Echinocandin Susceptibility in Mexican Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata Sensu Stricto. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.85092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Candida sp. Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010076. [PMID: 30634716 PMCID: PMC6352194 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis has increased substantially worldwide over recent decades and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that predisposes individuals to fungal infections, including those related to Candida sp., due to a immunosuppressive effect on the patient. This review aims to discuss the latest studies regarding the occurrence of candidiasis on DM patients and the pathophysiology and etiology associated with these co-morbidities. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken. PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier’s ScienceDirect, and Springer’s SpringerLink databases were searched using well-defined search terms. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to classify relevant manuscripts. Results of the review show that DM patients have an increased susceptibility to Candida sp. infections which aggravates in the cases of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The conclusion is that, for these patients, the hospitalization periods have increased and are commonly associated with the prolonged use of indwelling medical devices, which also increase the costs associated with disease management.
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Tantivitayakul P, Panpradit N, Maudcheingka T, Klaophimai A, Lapirattanakul J. Genotyping of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis by 25S rDNA analysis shows association with virulence attributes in oral candidiasis. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 97:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pradebon Brondani L, Alves da Silva Neto T, Antonio Freitag R, Guerra Lund R. Evaluation of anti-enzyme properties of Origanum vulgare essential oil against oral Candida albicans. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Treviño-Rangel RDJ, Espinosa-Pérez JF, Villanueva-Lozano H, Montoya AM, Andrade A, Bonifaz A, González GM. First report of Candida bracarensis in Mexico: hydrolytic enzymes and antifungal susceptibility pattern. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:517-523. [PMID: 29488180 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Candida bracarensis is an emerging cryptic species within the Candida glabrata clade. To date, little is known about its epidemiology, virulence, and antifungal susceptibility. This study documents the occurrence of C. bracarensis for the first time in Mexico and focuses on its in vitro production of hydrolytic enzymes, as well as antifungal susceptibility to echinocandins. This strain was isolated from a vaginal swab of a female with vulvovaginal candidosis; exhibited a very strong activity of aspartyl proteinase, phospholipase, and hemolysin; and was susceptible to caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin (MIC = 0.031 μg/mL). Data obtained could contribute to the knowledge of the epidemiology and virulence attributes of this yeast as a fungal opportunistic human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero and Dr. Eduardo A. Pequeño, s/n. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - José F Espinosa-Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero and Dr. Eduardo A. Pequeño, s/n. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Hiram Villanueva-Lozano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero and Dr. Eduardo A. Pequeño, s/n. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Alexandra M Montoya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero and Dr. Eduardo A. Pequeño, s/n. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Angel Andrade
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero and Dr. Eduardo A. Pequeño, s/n. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Alexandro Bonifaz
- Dermatology Service and Mycology Department, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria M González
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero and Dr. Eduardo A. Pequeño, s/n. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
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Treviño-Rangel RDJ, Bodden-Mendoza BA, Montoya AM, Villanueva-Lozano H, Elizondo-Zertuche M, Robledo-Leal E, González GM. Phenotypical characterization and molecular identification of clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 35:17-21. [PMID: 29287631 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida tropicalis is an increasingly important human pathogen which usually affects neutropenic oncology patients with common hematogenous seeding to peripheral organs and high mortality rates. Candida pathogenicity is facilitated by several virulence attributes, including secretion of hydrolytic enzymes; however, little is known regarding the C. tropicalis ability to secrete them and their role in the disease. AIMS To confirm by molecular means the identification of 187 clinical isolates (127 from blood, 52 from urine, and 8 from diverse clinical origins) phenotypically identified as C. tropicalis, and to investigate their in vitro aspartyl proteinase, phospholipase, esterase, hemolysin, DNase and coagulase activities. METHODS The molecular confirmation was performed by ITS sequencing, and the enzymatic determinations were conducted using plate assays with specific substrates, with the exception of coagulase, which was determined by the classical tube test. RESULTS The majority of the strains exhibited a very strong or strong activity of aspartyl proteinase, phospholipase and esterase. A 4.7% of the bloodstream isolates were hemolysin producers, and all were negative for the coagulase and DNase assays. CONCLUSIONS Very strong activities of aspartyl proteinase, phospholipase and esterase profiles were detected, and a statistical association between phospholipase production and blood and urine isolates was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Byron A Bodden-Mendoza
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alexandra M Montoya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Hiram Villanueva-Lozano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mariana Elizondo-Zertuche
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Efrén Robledo-Leal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gloria M González
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Gomes CC, Guimarães LS, Pinto LCC, Camargo GADCG, Valente MIB, Sarquis MIDM. Investigations of the prevalence and virulence of Candida albicans in periodontal and endodontic lesions in diabetic and normoglycemic patients. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:274-281. [PMID: 28678946 PMCID: PMC5482250 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periodontal tissues have similar microbiota that allows cross-contamination between the pulp and periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Cristina Gomes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Formação Específica, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ludmila Silva Guimarães
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
| | - Larissa Christina Costa Pinto
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Isabel Bastos Valente
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Formação Específica, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Inêz de Moura Sarquis
- Instituto Osvaldo Cruz, Departamento de Micologia, Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Prospecção de Fungos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Pathogenic characteristics of Candida albicans isolated from oral cavities of denture wearers and cancer patients wearing oral prostheses. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The Synergistic Effect of Azoles and Fluoxetine against Resistant Candida albicans Strains Is Attributed to Attenuating Fungal Virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6179-88. [PMID: 27503639 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03046-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the synergistic effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, in combination with azoles against Candida albicans both in vitro and in vivo and explored the underlying mechanism. MICs, sessile MICs, and time-kill curves were determined for resistant C. albicans Galleria mellonella was used as a nonvertebrate model for determining the efficacy of the drug combinations against C. albicans in vivo For the mechanism study, gene expression levels of the SAP gene family were determined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and extracellular phospholipase activities were detected in vitro by the egg yolk agar method. The combinations resulted in synergistic activity against C. albicans strains, but the same effect was not found for the non-albicans Candida strains. For the biofilms formed over 4, 8, and 12 h, synergism was seen for the combination of fluconazole and fluoxetine. In addition, the time-kill curves confirmed the synergism dynamically. The results of the G. mellonella studies agreed with the in vitro analysis. In the mechanism study, we observed that fluconazole plus fluoxetine caused downregulation of the gene expression levels of SAP1 to SAP4 and weakened the extracellular phospholipase activities of resistant C. albicans The combinations of azoles and fluoxetine showed synergistic effects against resistant C. albicans may diminish the virulence properties of C. albicans.
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ANDREOLA P, DEMATHÉ A, GALAFASSI D, ELSEMANN EB, ELSEMANN RB, GAZZONI AF. Estudo comparativo entre a produção de fosfolipases extracelulares e proteinases do gênero Candida isoladas a partir de infecções de cavidade oral. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.26115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução A habilidade da Candida spp. em produzir enzimas proteolíticas, tais como fosfolipase e proteinases, tem um papel importante na patogenicidade destas leveduras. Objetivo Determinar as espécies causadoras das infecções orais por Candida spp., além de investigar a atividade in vitro das fosfolipases e proteinases em isolados clínicos do gênero Candida, provenientes de pacientes com candidíase oral. Material e método Isolados de Candida spp., pertencentes à Coleção de Cultivos Fúngicos do Laboratório de Microbiologia e Patologia Oral do Departamento de Odontologia da Faculdade da Serra Gaúcha, foram analisados. Produção de fosfolipases foi analisada utilizando-se Ágar gema de ovo. Liberação de proteinases foi medida utilizando-se extrato de levedura adicionado à albumina bovina. Resultado Um total de 35 isolados clínicos do gênero Candida foi testado. C. albicans foi a espécie predominante (77%). Os demais isolados identificados foram: C. parapsilosis (20%) e C. tropicalis (2%). Ao comparar a atividade de fosfolipase do grupo C. albicans com o grupo Candida não-albicans, foi encontrada diferença significativa (P=0,04). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre a C. albicans e a C. não-albicans, para a produção de proteinase. A liberação de proteinase foi significativamente maior quando comparada à produção de fosfolipase para o gênero Candida (P=0,04). Diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada quando a atividade de fosfolipase e proteinase da C. albicans foi comparada à atividade das espécies de C. não-albicans (P=0,02). Conclusão Diferentes quantificações de fosfolipase extracelular e atividade de proteinase têm sido atribuídas aos isolados clínicos de C. albicans quando comparados a outras espécies de Candida.
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Comparison of proteolytic activity of Candida sp. strains depending on their origin. J Mycol Med 2016; 26:138-147. [PMID: 26922385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yarborough A, Cooper L, Duqum I, Mendonça G, McGraw K, Stoner L. Evidence Regarding the Treatment of Denture Stomatitis. J Prosthodont 2016; 25:288-301. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Yarborough
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry; Chapel Hill NC
| | - Lyndon Cooper
- Department of Oral Biology; University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry; Chicago IL
| | - Ibrahim Duqum
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry; Chapel Hill NC
| | - Gustavo Mendonça
- Division of Prosthodontics; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor MI
| | - Kathleen McGraw
- Health Sciences Library; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC
| | - Lisa Stoner
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry; Chapel Hill NC
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de Sousa LVNF, Santos VL, de Souza Monteiro A, Dias-Souza MV, Marques SG, de Faria ES, Assunção EADO, Dos Santos SG, Zonis JM, de Alvarenga DG, de Holanda RA, de Sousa JG, Dos Santos KV, Stoianoff MADR. Isolation and identification of Candida species in patients with orogastric cancer: susceptibility to antifungal drugs, attributes of virulence in vitro and immune response phenotype. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:86. [PMID: 26905729 PMCID: PMC4763456 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of the inherent immunosuppression of cancer patients opportunistic infections by Candida spp, occur frequently. This study aimed to identify Candida species in the oral mucosa of 59 patients with orogastric cancer (OGC) and to analyze the immunological phenotype of these patients. Methods The yeasts were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). For all isolates, we performed phospholipases and proteinases assays, in vitro adherence to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), minimum inhibitory concentration of antifungal drugs and determined the cytokine profile by Cytometric Bead Array flow citometry assay. Results C. albicans was the most prevalent species in OGC patients (51.6 %) and control group (66.7 %). Candida spp. strains isolated from OGC patients exhibited better adherence to BEC (p = 0.05) than did the control group. Phospholipases production by Candida strains from OGC patients was lower (51.6 %) than in the control group (61.9 %). Proteinases were detected in 41.9 % and 4.8 % of the yeasts from OGC patients and control group, respectively. Significant differences were found in the serum of OGC patients compared to the control group for IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17. Conclusions The results of this work suggest increased virulence of yeasts isolated from OGC patients and, that this may interfere with the immune phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourimar Viana Nascimento F de Sousa
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Microbiology, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lúcia Santos
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Vinicíus Dias-Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Speziali de Faria
- Biomarkers Laboratory Diagnostics and Monitoring, Research Center René Rachou (CPqRR) - FIOCRUZ/MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Laboratory of oral and anaerobic microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Assunção de Holanda
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Gontijo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kênia Valéria Dos Santos
- Laboratory of General Bacteriology and Clinical, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Health Science Center, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida de Resende Stoianoff
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Arantes PT, Sanitá PV, Santezi C, Barbeiro CDO, Reina BD, Vergani CE, Dovigo LN. Reliability of the agar based method to assess the production of degradative enzymes in clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Med Mycol 2015; 54:266-74. [PMID: 26705836 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a reproducible protocol using the methodology of hyaline zones around the colonies on specific agar plates for phospholipase and proteinase production. This was an in vitro double-blind experiment, in which the dependent variables were the enzymatic activity measurements (Pz) for the production of phospholipase (Pz-ph) and the production of secreted aspartyl proteinases (Pz-sap). Three independent variables give rise to different measurement protocols. All measurements were carried out at two different moments by four examiners (E1, E2, E3, and E4). The minimum sample size was 30 Candida albicans clinical isolates. Specific agar plates for phospholipase and SAPs production were prepared according the literature. The intra-and inter-examiner reproducibility for each protocol was estimated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and its confidence interval (95% CI). Based on the results obtained for both phospholipase and SAPs, there appears to be no consensus on the protocol chosen for each particular examiner. Measuring the colonies in triplicate may be the main factor associated with the increase in measurement accuracy and should therefore take precedence over measuring only one colony. When only one examiner is responsible for taking measurements, a standard protocol should be put in place and the statistical calibration of this researcher should be done prior to data collection. However, if two or more researchers are involved in the assessment of agar plates, our results suggest that the protocols using software to undertake plate reading is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tamião Arantes
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Santezi
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Barbeiro
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Donadon Reina
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Species Distribution, Virulence Factors, and Antifungal Susceptibility Among Candida parapsilosis Complex Isolates Recovered from Clinical Specimens. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:333-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ells R, Kilian W, Hugo A, Albertyn J, Kock JL, Pohl CH. Virulence of South African Candida albicans strains isolated from different clinical samples. Med Mycol 2014; 52:246-53. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Treviño-Rangel RDJ, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Elizondo-Zertuche M, Martínez-Fierro ML, Garza-Veloz I, Romero-Díaz VJ, González JG, González GM. Evaluation of in vivo pathogenicity of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis with different enzymatic profiles in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Med Mycol 2014; 52:240-5. [PMID: 24577011 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Six isolates of the Candida parapsilosis complex with different enzymatic profiles were used to induce systemic infection in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Fungal tissue burden was determined on days 2, 5, 10, and 15 post challenge. The highest fungal load irrespective of post-infection day was detected in the kidney, followed by the spleen, lung, and liver, with a tendency for the fungal burden to decrease by day 15 in all groups. Significant differences among the strains were not detected, suggesting that the three species of the "psilosis" group possess a similar pathogenic potential in disseminated candidiasis regardless of their enzymatic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Sanitá PV, Zago CE, Pavarina AC, Jorge JH, Machado AL, Vergani CE. Enzymatic activity profile of a Brazilian culture collection of Candida albicans isolated from diabetics and non-diabetics with oral candidiasis. Mycoses 2013; 57:351-7. [PMID: 24329754 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes is a fundamental virulence factor of Candida albicans to develop disease. The objective of this study was to characterise the virulence of 148 clinical isolates of C. albicans from oral candidiasis by assessing the expression of phospholipase (PL) and secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP). Isolates were obtained from healthy subjects (HS) and diabetics (DOC) and non-diabetics with oral candidiasis (NDOC). An aliquot (5 μl) of each cell suspension was inoculated on PL and SAP agar plates and incubated. Enzymes secretion was detected by the formation of an opaque halo around the colonies and enzymatic activity (PZ) was determined by the ratio between colony diameter and colony diameter plus the halo zone. Statistical comparisons were made by a one-way anova followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). The clinical sources of C. albicans had significant effect (P < 0.001) on the PZ values of both enzymes. For PL, clinical isolates from NDOC and DOC had highest enzymatic activity than those from HS (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between them (P = 0.506). For SAP, C. albicans from NDOC showed the lower enzymatic activity (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between isolates from HS and DOC (P = 0.7051). C. albicans isolates from NDOC and DOC patients showed an increased production of PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Rua Humaitá, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sanitá PV, Mima EGDO, Pavarina AC, Jorge JH, Machado AL, Vergani CE. Susceptibility profile of a Brazilian yeast stock collection of Candida species isolated from subjects with Candida-associated denture stomatitis with or without diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:562-9. [PMID: 24055150 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the susceptibility of 198 clinical isolates of Candida species against caspofungin, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole. STUDY DESIGN Suspensions of the microorganisms were spread on Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) agar plates. Etest strips were placed on the plates, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was read after incubation (48 h at 37 °C). Data were analyzed by a factorial analysis of variance and a 2 × 2 post hoc test (α = .05). RESULTS C glabrata showed the highest MIC values (P < .001) against caspofungin, itraconazole, and fluconazole. For amphotericin B, the MIC values of C tropicalis and C glabrata (P = .0521) were higher than those of C albicans (P < .001). Itraconazole was the least effective antifungal; 93.3% of the C glabrata isolates, 3.3% of the C albicans, and 1.3% of the C tropicalis were resistant. All microorganisms were susceptible to caspofungin and amphotericin B. CONCLUSIONS Caspofungin and amphotericin B should be recommended as an effective alternative for the management of oral Candida infections when treatment with topical or other systemic drugs has definitely failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Treviño-Rangel RDJ, González JG, González GM. Aspartyl proteinase, phospholipase, esterase and hemolysin activities of clinical isolates of the Candida parapsilosis species complex. Med Mycol 2012; 51:331-5. [PMID: 22928925 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.712724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is considered as an important emerging fungal pathogen and was recently found to be a complex that include three species, i.e., Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro aspartyl proteinase, phospholipase, esterase and hemolysin activities of 65 clinical isolates of the C. parapsilosis complex, which had been previously identified by RFLP-BanI analysis. Of the enzymes evaluated, aspartyl proteinase was the least produced by the C. parapsilosis species complex. Phospholipase and esterase were strongly expressed by C. orthopsilosis (67% of isolates), while 10% and 13% of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates were strong producers, respectively, of these two enzymes. In contrast, high production of both enzymes was not detected in C. metapsilosis. Hemolysin activity was significantly more abundant in C. orthopsilosis (87%) than C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (67%). Overall, C. orthopsilosis isolates were statistically associated with the production of hemolysins (P= 0.048) and phospholipases (P< 0.0001) compared to isolates of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto or C. metapsilosis. Furthermore, a statistical association was found between isolates recovered from blood and phospholipase production (P= 0.017). The distribution of isolates obtained from blood was 30% of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 67% of C. orthopsilosis and 20% of C. metapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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Mane A, Gaikwad S, Bembalkar S, Risbud A. Increased expression of virulence attributes in oral Candida albicans isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:285-290. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.036269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arati Mane
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Pathology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shraddha Gaikwad
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Pathology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpa Bembalkar
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Pathology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Risbud
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Pathology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Pereira Gonzales F, Maisch T. Photodynamic inactivation for controlling Candida albicans infections. Fungal Biol 2012; 116:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Querido SMR, Back-Brito GN, Dos Santos SSF, Leão MVP, Koga-Ito CY, Jorge AOC. Opportunistic microorganisms in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1321-8. [PMID: 24031759 PMCID: PMC3768714 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110004000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial therapy may cause changes in the resident oral microbiota, with the increase of opportunistic pathogens. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of Candida, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae in the oral cavity of fifty patients undergoing antibiotic therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis and systemically healthy controls. Oral rinsing and subgingival samples were obtained, plated in Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, mannitol agar and MacConkey agar, and incubated for 48 h at 37°C. Candida spp. and coagulase-positive staphylococci were identified by phenotypic tests, C. dubliniensis, by multiplex PCR, and coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp., by the API systems. The number of Candida spp. was significantly higher in tuberculosis patients, and C. albicans was the most prevalent specie. No significant differences in the prevalence of other microorganisms were observed. In conclusion, the antimicrobial therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis induced significant increase only in the amounts of Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maria Rodrigues Querido
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Faculdade de Odontologia, São José dos Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista , São José dos Campos, SP , Brasil
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Whiley RA, Cruchley AT, Gore C, Hagi-Pavli E. Candida albicans strain-dependent modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine release by in vitro oral and vaginal mucosal models. Cytokine 2011; 57:89-97. [PMID: 22129624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal organism at several sites and is a versatile, opportunistic pathogen. The underlying factors of pathogen and host associated with commensalism and pathogenicity in C. albicans are complex and their importance is largely unknown. We aimed to study the responses of oral epithelial (OEM) and vaginal epithelial models (VEM) to infection by oral and vaginal C. albicans strains to obtain evidence of inter-strain differences in pathogenicity and of site-specificity. Following inoculation of models, proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release were monitored and histological staining undertaken. Striking differences in strain behaviour and epithelial responses were observed. IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-8 release were significantly increased from the OEM in response to denture stomatitis strain NCYC 1467. Increased IL-8 release also followed infection of the OEM with both vaginal strains. Overall the VEM was relatively unresponsive to infection with either oral or vaginal strains under these conditions. Adherence and hyphal development were observed for all strains on both models although extensive, uniform tissue penetration was seen only with stomatitis strain NCYC 1467 on the OEM. Candidal strains were assayed for phospholipase (PL) and secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP) activities where phospholipase (PL) activity was highest for strain NCYC 1467 although highest SAP activity was observed for vaginal strain NCPF 8112 in this assay. This is the first study to concurrently investigate cytokine production from oral and epithelial models using candidal strains originating from these respective mucosal sites from healthy and disease states. These data demonstrate significant differences in inflammatory responses of host epithelia to individual C. albicans strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Whiley
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, United Kingdom
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Sardi JCO, Duque C, Höfling JF, Gonçalves RB. Genetic and phenotypic evaluation of Candida albicans strains isolated from subgingival biofilm of diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Med Mycol 2011; 50:467-75. [PMID: 22114891 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.633233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. are commensal microorganisms that are part of the microflora of different sites within the oral cavity. In healthy subjects, who have an unaltered immunological status, these yeasts do not cause disease. However, in immunosuppressed individuals whose condition may have been caused by diabetes mellitus, Candida spp. can express different virulence factors and may consequently become pathogenic. Studies have detected the presence of Candida spp. in periodontal sites of patients with chronic periodontitis, especially those that are immunologically compromised. However, the role of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is still unknown. The objectives of this study were: (1) to isolate and identify Candida albicans strains from subgingival sites of diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis; (2) to evaluate the following virulence factors; colony morphology, proteinase, phospholipase and hemolysin activities and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) under different atmospheric conditions; and (3) to determine the genetic patterns of these C. albicans isolates. Microbial samples were collected from subgingival sites and seeded on CHROMagar for subsequent identification of C. albicans by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For the phenotypic tests, all strains of C. albicans were grown under reduced oxygen (RO) and anaerobiosis (ANA) conditions. Genotypes were defined by the identification through PCR of the transposable introns in the 25S rDNA. The results obtained relative to virulence factors were analyzed according to the atmospheric condition or genetic group, using Chi-square and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests. In this study, 128 strains were identified as C. albicans and of these, 51.6% were genotype B, 48.4% were genotype A and Genotype C was not found. Most of the strains were alpha-hemolytic in both atmospheric conditions, without a statistical difference. However, when comparing the genotypes, 46.1% of the genotype A strains were beta-hemolytic. In relation to colony morphology, 100% of the strains under ANA showed rough colonies, which were especially prevalent in genotype A isolates. In contrast, most of the colonies were smooth under RO. C. albicans strains did not produce proteinase and phospholipase activity in the total absence of oxygen. In RO, most strains had high proteinase activity and were positive by phospholipase tests (P < 0.05). Hydrophobicity was higher in anaerobiosis and was noted mainly for genotype A isolates. In conclusion, environmental oxygen concentration influenced the virulence factors of C. albicans strains isolated from subgingival sites of diabetic and periodontal patients. In addition, genotype A seems to be more virulent based on the phenotypic tests evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina C O Sardi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Microbiology and Immunology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.
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da Costa KRC, Ferreira JC, Lavrador MAS, Baruffi MD, Candido RC. Virulence attributes and genetic variability of oral Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis isolates. Mycoses 2011; 55:e97-e105. [PMID: 22035510 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The wide spectrum of candidiasis and its clinical importance encourage the research with the purpose of clarifying the mechanisms of pathogenicity and identification of virulence factors of Candida sp. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the adhesion capacity, protease activity and genotypic diversity of oral C. albicans and C. tropicalis isolates. The adhesion ability to the extracellular matrix glycoproteins laminin and fibronectin was evaluated using the ELISA technique. The research of proteases was carried out in agar plate containing bovine albumin and through a quantitative method in buffer solution containing haemoglobin. Intra and interspecies polymorphisms was verified through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. All C. albicans and C. tropicalis isolates binded to immobilised laminin and fibronectin. Ca33 and Ct13 isolates had relative adhesion index significantly higher than the other isolates for both glycoproteins (P < 0.001). Protease activity was observed in all isolates of C. albicans using either the semi-quantitative or quantitative assay. The protease activity of C. tropicalis was better detected through the quantitative assay. The genotypic diversity by RAPD revealed a heterogeneous population in both species. Nevertheless, C. tropicalis presented higher genetic variability than C. albicans strains.
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Proteinase and phospholipase activities and development at different temperatures of yeasts isolated from bovine milk. J DAIRY RES 2011; 78:385-90. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029911000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The presence of yeasts in milk may cause physical and chemical changes limiting the durability and compromising the quality of the product. Moreover, milk and dairy products contaminated by yeasts may be a potential means of transmission of these microorganisms to man and animals causing several kinds of infections. This study aimed to determine whether different species of yeasts isolated from bovine raw milk had the ability to develop at 37°C and/or under refrigeration temperature. Proteinase and phospholipase activities resulting from these yeasts were also monitored at different temperatures. Five genera of yeasts (Aureobasidium sp., Candida spp., Geotrichum spp., Trichosporon spp. and Rhodotorula spp.) isolated from bovine raw milk samples were evaluated. All strains showed one or a combination of characteristics: growth at 37°C (99·09% of the strains), psychrotrophic behaviour (50·9%), proteinase production (16·81% of the strains at 37°C and 4·09% under refrigeration) and phospholipase production (36·36% of the isolates at 37°C and 10·9% under refrigeration), and all these factors may compromise the quality of the product. Proteinase production was similar for strains incubated at 37°C (16·81% of the isolates) and room temperature (17·27%) but there was less amount of phospholipase-producing strains at room temperature (15·45% of the isolates were positive) when compared with incubation at 37°C (36·36%). Enzymes production at 37°C by yeasts isolated from milk confirmed their pathogenic potential. The refrigeration temperature was found to be most efficient to inhibit enzymes production and consequently ensure better quality of milk. The viability of yeasts and the activity of their enzymes at different temperatures are worrying because this can compromise the quality of dairy products at all stages of production and/or storage, and represent a risk to the consumer.
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Yigit N, Aktas E, Dagistan S, Ayyildiz A. Investigating biofilm production, coagulase and hemolytic activity in Candida species isolated from denture stomatitis patients. Eurasian J Med 2011; 43:27-32. [PMID: 25610156 PMCID: PMC4261369 DOI: 10.5152/eajm.2011.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral candidiasis, in the form of Candida-associated denture stomatitis, represents a common disease in a large percentage of denture wearers, and Candida albicans remains the most commonly isolated species. In this study, we aimed to evaluate biofilm production, coagulase and hemolytic activity of Candida species isolated from denture stomatitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 70 patients (31 female, 39 male). Forty-eight of the patients were found to have a positive culture. A total of 48 Candida isolates representing five species, C. albicans (n=17), C. glabrata (n=10), C. krusei (n=9), C. kefyr (n=7) and C. parapsilosis (n=5), were tested. Their coagulase activities were evaluated by a classical tube coagulase test with rabbit plasma. A blood plate assay on 3% enriched sheep blood Sabouraud-dextrose agar (SDA) was used to determine their in vitro hemolytic activities. Biofilm production was determined by a visual tube method. RESULTS Twenty-one Candida isolates exhibited coagulase activity, and the coagulase activities of the C. albicans (64.7%) isolates were higher than other species. C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. kefyr and C. krusei species demonstrated beta hemolysis. C. parapsilosis strains failed to demonstrate any hemolytic activities. Fifteen (88.0%) of the C. albicans strains were biofilm positive. Six (35.2%) of these strains were strongly positive, 8 (47.0%) C. albicans strains were moderately positive and 1 (5.8%) C. albicans strain was weakly positive. Sixteen (51.6%) of the non-albicans Candida strains were biofilm positive while 15 (48.3%) did not produce biofilms. CONCLUSION The results of this present study indicate coagulase, hemolytic activity and biofilm production by Candida spp. isolated from patients with denture stomatitis. Investigations of these virulence factors might be helpful in gaining information about the possible virulence of oral Candida species related to denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimet Yigit
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Health Services Vocational Training School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esin Aktas
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saadettin Dagistan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ayyildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Mane A, Pawale C, Gaikwad S, Bembalkar S, Risbud A. Adherence to buccal epithelial cells, enzymatic and hemolytic activities of Candida isolates from HIV-infected individuals. Med Mycol 2010; 49:548-51. [PMID: 21108576 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.540044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp., along with other microorganisms are usually found in the normal flora of the human oral mucosa. However in HIV-infected individuals these yeasts can become opportunistic pathogens and lead to mucosal infections. The transformation from a harmless commensal to a virulent pathogen under conditions of dysfunctional host defense system is attributable to an extensive repertoire of selectively expressed virulence determinants. The present study was undertaken to analyze the production of four important virulence factors viz. adherence to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), proteinase activity, phospholipase activity and hemolysis, and to evaluate the correlation between these virulence factors in 65 Candida isolates from HIV-infected individuals with oral candidiasis. A total of 95.3%, 67.7%, 41.5% and 100% of the Candida isolates showed adherence to BEC, and proteinase, phospholipase and hemolytic activities, respectively. Production of proteinase and phospholipase enzymes was seen in 89.7% and 59.0% of C. albicans isolates and 34.6% and 15.4% of non-Candida albicans Candida (NAC) isolates, respectively. C. albicans showed significantly greater level of virulence factor expression with regards to adherence to BEC (P < 0.001), phospholipase production (P < 0.044) and hemolysis (P = 0.037) as compared to NAC. A correlative relationship between proteinase activity and adherence to BEC, as well as phospholipase production was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati Mane
- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Portela MB, Souza IP, Abreu CM, Bertolini M, Holandino C, Alviano CS, Santos AL, Soares RM. Effect of serine-type protease of Candida spp. isolated from linear gingival erythema of HIV-positive children: critical factors in the colonization. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:753-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Blanco MT, Sacristán B, Lucio L, Blanco J, Pérez-Giraldo C, Gómez-García AC. [Cell surface hydrophobicity as an indicator of other virulence factors in Candida albicans]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2010; 27:195-9. [PMID: 20849975 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate virulence factors involved in the adhesion process, such as cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), adherence to plastic capacity, adherence capacity to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), and biofilm formation, in 17 strains of C. albicans isolated from bronchial aspirates of critically ill patients. METHOD The CSH of the strains of C. albicans was determined using the MATH method, a microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons test. The study of adherence to plastic was performed in microtitre plates in accordance with Christensen's technique. Biofilm formation was studied in polystyrene microtitre plates, according to the method of Ramage. Adherence to BEC was evaluated by quantifying the percentage of adhered yeasts to cells. RESULTS All the strains studied showed factors directly involved in adhesion, with variability in the degree of expression among them. Medium-high levels of CSH were found in 52.9% of the strains. The percentage of strains with high values in adherence to plastic was 35.3%. The most hydrophobic strains were the most adherent to plastic, with a correlation coefficient of 0.76. Of the 12 biofilm-producing strains, 6 were high producers. These strains had also high levels of CSH and adherence to plastic, with significant results. All the strains studied adhered to BEC, with results ranging widely from 45 to 157 yeasts/100 BEC, with no significant correlation with the rest of the parameters studied, although CSH was seen to be an indispensable prior requisite for adherence to cells. CONCLUSION CSH is a variable characteristic in C. albicans and is directly related to adherence to plastic and biofilm formation. Ease in evaluating CSH permits its quantification, and could be used as an indicator of the presence of other determinants of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Blanco
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, España.
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Inhibition of Virulence Factors of Candida spp. by Different Surfactants. Mycopathologia 2010; 171:93-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-010-9351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Costa CR, Passos XS, Souza LKHE, Lucena PDA, Fernandes ODFL, Silva MDRR. Differences in exoenzyme production and adherence ability of Candida spp. isolates from catheter, blood and oral cavity. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2010; 52:139-43. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652010000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase and proteinase production and the ability of adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) of 112 Candida isolates originated from oral cavity of HIV infected patients and from blood and catheter of intensive care unit patients were investigated. The proteinase production was detected by inoculation into bovine serum albumin (BSA) agar and the phospholipase activity was performed using egg yolk emulsion. A yeast suspension of each test strain was incubated with buccal epithelial cells and the number of adherence yeast to epithelial cells was counted. A percentage of 88.1% and 55.9% of Candida albicans and 69.8% and 37.7% of non-albicans Candida isolates produced proteinase and phospholipase, respectively. Non-albicans Candida isolated from catheter were more proteolytic than C. albicans isolates. Blood isolates were more proteolytic than catheter and oral cavity isolates while oral cavity isolates produced more phospholipase than those from blood and catheter. C. albicans isolates from oral cavity and from catheter were more adherent to BEC than non-albicans Candida isolates, but the adhesion was not different among the three sources analyzed. The results indicated differences in the production of phospholipase and proteinase and in the ability of adhesion to BEC among Candida spp. isolates from different sources. This study suggests that the pathogenicity of Candida can be correlated with the infected site.
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Ribeiro AS, Silva DA, Silva FP, Santos GC, Campos LMS, Oliveira LVN, Santos DA. Epidemiology and phospholipase activity of oral Candida SPP. Among patients with central nervous system diseases before and after dental cleaning procedure. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:19-23. [PMID: 24031457 PMCID: PMC3768602 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822010000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering of diseases that affect central nervous system may be considered more susceptible to the infectious diseases of mouth. Sixty-nine patients suffering of cerebral palsy, Down's syndrome and metal retardation were submitted to saliva examination for the presence of Candida spp. before and after a procedure of dental cleaning. The isolates were submitted to assay for verifying phospholipase production. 55.10% of the patients provided isolation of Candida spp. The frequency of isolation obtained before dental procedure was: C. albicans (83.33%), C. krusei (8.33%) and C. kefyr, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata (2.78% each). The frequency after the procedure was: C. albicans (68.57%), C. parapsilosis (11.43%), C. krusei and C. kefyr (8.57% each) and Candida glabrata (2.86%). We verified significantly difference (p < 0.01) between populations obtained at the two examinations. Phospholipase production was verified only among C. albicans strains and the proportion of producers was higher when testing isolates obtained after dental cleaning procedure. Studies focused on Candida spp. isolation are useful for better comprehension of the role of these yeasts on the oral flora from patients with cerebral palsy, Down's syndrome and metal retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Silva Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce , Governador Valadares, MG , Brasil
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Galán-Ladero MA, Blanco MT, Sacristán B, Fernández-Calderón MC, Pérez-Giraldo C, Gómez-García AC. Enzymatic activities ofCandida tropicalisisolated from hospitalized patients. Med Mycol 2010; 48:207-10. [DOI: 10.3109/13693780902801242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Madariaga L, Aguirre JM, Quindós G. Phospholipase and proteinase activities of Candida isolates from denture wearers. Mycoses 2009; 54:e10-6. [PMID: 20028461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterise phospholipase and proteinase activities of oral Candida isolates from 100 denture wearers and to study the relationship of these activities with denture stomatitis. Of 100 patients studied, 44 suffered from denture stomatitis. Specimens were collected by swabbing the denture and underlying mucosa. Isolates were previously identified by conventional mycological and genotypic methods. The phospholipase and proteinase activities were evaluated by agar plate methods. A total of 152 isolates were recovered from denture and underlying mucosa, including 101 Candida albicans, 18 Candida tropicalis, 14 Candida glabrata, 11 Candida guilliermondii, four Candida parapsilosis, two Saccharomyces cerevisiae and one isolate each of Candida dubliniensis and Candida krusei. Most C. albicans (97%) showed phospholipase activity; furthermore, the unique C. dubliniensis isolate showed a moderate phospholipase activity. The isolation of C. albicans (chi-square test, P = 0.0016) and phospholipase production by Candida spp. (chi-square test, P = 0.0213) was found to be significantly associated with denture stomatitis. Proteinase production was observed in <30% of isolates, and it was not related to the presence of denture stomatitis (P = 0.7675). Candida albicans isolates may produce both virulence factors, although the proteinase production was only observed in <30% of the isolates. Phospholipase production was exclusive of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marcos-Arias
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain
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Seker E. Identification of Candida species isolated from bovine mastitic milk and their in vitro hemolytic activity in Western Turkey. Mycopathologia 2009; 169:303-8. [PMID: 19921462 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, identification of 207 Candida isolates, previously isolated from mastitic bovine quarter milk samples at the level of genus, was made using API 20 C AUX system. The most frequently isolated species were Candida krusei (34.8%), followed by Candida rugosa (16.4%), Candida kefyr (12.6%), Candida albicans (10.1%), and Candida tropicalis (9.2%). Less common isolates were Candida zeylanoides (5.8%), Candida parapsilosis (4.3%), Candida guilliermondii (3.4%), Candida famata (1.9%), and Candida glabrata (1.5%). Additionally, in vitro hemolytic activity of all Candida strains were also examined in the present study. C. krusei (72 isolates), C. kefyr (26), C. albicans (21), C. tropicalis (19), C. zeylanoides (12), and C. glabrata (3) demonstrated both alpha and beta hemolysis at 48-h postinoculation. Only alpha hemolysis was detected in C. rugosa (34), C. guilliermondii (7), and C. famata (4), while C. parapsilosis (9) did not show any hemolytic activity after incubation for 72 h. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was determined between the beta-hemolytic activities of Candida strains. The hemolytic activities of C. zeylanoides, C. albicans and C. kefyr were higher than other strains. This is the first study to describe variable hemolysis types exhibited by different Candida strains isolated from bovine mastitic milk in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Seker
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Ahmet Necdet Sezer Campus, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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Daboit TC, Stopiglia CDO, Carissimi M, Corbellini VA, Stefani V, Scroferneker ML. In vitroantifungal activity of 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-aminophenyl)benzoxazole inCandidaspp. strains. Mycoses 2009; 52:507-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Costa CR, Jesuíno RSA, de Aquino Lemos J, de Fátima Lisboa Fernandes O, Hasimoto e Souza LK, Passos XS, do Rosário Rodrigues Silva M. Effects of Antifungal Agents in Sap Activity of Candida albicans Isolates. Mycopathologia 2009; 169:91-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Patel M, Gulube Z, Dutton M. The effect of Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia on Candida albicans proteinase and phospholipase production and adherence to oral epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 124:562-565. [PMID: 19450675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated effect of a crude extract of Dodonaea viscosa on the proteinase and phospholipase production and adherence to epithelial cells by Candida albicans isolated from HIV positive and HIV negative patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty Candida albicans strains isolated from HIV positive and 20 from HIV negative patients were investigated. The isolates were exposed to subinhibitory concentration of crude plant extract and adherence, proteinase and phospholipase production were assessed. The results were analysed using Student's t-test and a two-way ANOVA. RESULTS Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia inhibited the adherence of Candida albicans to oral epithelial cells (p=<0.01) but no significant effect of the plant extract on proteinase and phospholipase production was observed. Results from Candida albicans strains isolated from HIV positive and HIV negative patients were similar. CONCLUSIONS Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia inhibited the adherence of Candida albicans to oral epithelial cells, which is the initial step of colonization in the infection process. This plant has a therapeutic potential at subinhibitory concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrudula Patel
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
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Back-Brito GN, Mota AJ, Vasconcellos TC, Querido SMR, Jorge AOC, Reis ASM, Balducci I, Koga-Ito CY. Frequency of Candida spp. in the Oral Cavity of Brazilian HIV-Positive Patients and Correlation with CD4 Cell Counts and Viral Load. Mycopathologia 2008; 167:81-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tsang CSP, Chu FCS, Leung WK, Jin LJ, Samaranayake LP, Siu SC. Phospholipase, proteinase and haemolytic activities of Candida albicans isolated from oral cavities of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:1393-1398. [PMID: 17893179 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to biotype and characterize phospholipase, proteinase and haemolytic activities of oral Candida albicans isolates from 210 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 210 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Seventy-six and 50 C. albicans isolates were obtained from type 2 DM patients and controls, respectively, using the oral rinse technique. The isolates were characterized with a biotyping system based on enzyme profiles, carbohydrate assimilation patterns and boric acid resistance of the yeasts, and the isolates were further tested for in vitro phospholipase, proteinase and haemolytic activities. The major biotypes of C. albicans isolates from the type 2 DM and control groups were A1R (42.1 %) and J1R (36.0 %), respectively. Significantly higher proteinase and haemolytic activities were found in the isolates from the type 2 DM group (P<0.05). Proteinase activity was higher in isolates from patients with > or =10 years of DM history than those with <10 years (P<0.05). Haemolytic activity was significantly higher in isolates from female DM patients than in those from male counterparts (P<0.05). These data provide evidence of increased extracellular enzyme activity in Candida isolates taken from DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S P Tsang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - F C S Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L J Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L P Samaranayake
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S C Siu
- Integrated Diabetes Mellitus Research and Training Centre, Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Gümrü B, Kadir T, Uygun-Can B, Ozbayrak S. Distribution and phospholipase activity of Candida species in different denture stomatitis types. Mycopathologia 2007; 162:389-94. [PMID: 17146582 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-006-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between frequency and phospholipase activity of Candida species and denture stomatitis according to Newton's classification. Seventy-five complete denture wearers were evaluated for the presence of yeasts on the palatal mucosa by culture method. In addition, the number of yeast isolates producing phospholipase and amount of this enzyme were determined using egg yolk agar plate method. According to Newton's classification, 25 denture wearers were with healthy palatal mucosa while 50 were with any types of denture stomatitis. The frequency of yeasts was linked to whether subjects had Type II or Type III, but not Type I denture stomatitis. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species in denture wearers with and without clinical signs of denture stomatitis and it was the only species produced phospholipase. Although the amount of phospholipase produced by the C. albicans isolates from denture wearers in control and Type II and III DS groups was not significantly different, there was statistically significant difference in the number of C. albicans isolates producing phospholipase between patients with and without clinical signs of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsay Gümrü
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Marmara University, Buyukcitlik Sok No 6, 34365, Nisantasi, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Kadir T, Gümrü B, Uygun-Can B. Phospholipase activity of Candida albicans isolates from patients with denture stomatitis: the influence of chlorhexidine gluconate on phospholipase production. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:691-6. [PMID: 17241611 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The extracellular phospholipases of Candida albicans are considered to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of human infections. Therefore 23 clinical oral isolates of C. albicans from patients with denture stomatitis and 22 commensal oral isolates obtained from the palatal mucosa of healthy subjects were assayed for phospholipase activity. It is generally accepted that chlorhexidine gluconate is an appropriate adjunct or an alternative to antimycotic therapy in the management of oral candidiasis. However, the intraoral concentrations of this antiseptic fluctuate considerably due to the dynamics of the oral cavity. So the second main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of brief exposure (30 min) to two sub-therapeutic concentrations (0.002% and 0.0012%) of chlorhexidine gluconate on the value of phospholipase production (Pz) of C. albicans. METHOD An in vitro phospholipase production was done by plate assay method using an egg yolk-agar medium. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the number of C. albicans isolates producing phospholipase between two groups. However, the mean value of Pz produced by the isolates from patients with denture stomatitis was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the commensals. Exposure of the isolates to 0.002% and 0.0012% chlorhexidine led to a significant (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively) reduction in the amount of phospholipase. CONCLUSION The results of this study imply that sub-therapeutic levels of chlorhexidine may modulate candidal phospholipase activity, thereby suppressing pathogenicity of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanju Kadir
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Marmara University, Güzelbahçe Büyük Ciftlik Sok. No. 6, Nişantaşi 34365, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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