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Chebil W, Haouas N, Eskes E, Vandecruys P, Belgacem S, Belhadj Ali H, Babba H, Van Dijck P. In Vitro Assessment of Azole and Amphotericin B Susceptibilities of Malassezia spp. Isolated from Healthy and Lesioned Skin. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090959. [PMID: 36135684 PMCID: PMC9502168 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia yeasts have recently gained medical importance as emerging pathogens associated with a wide range of dermatological and systemic infections. Since standardized methods for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing have not yet been established for Malassezia spp., related diseases are always treated empirically. As a result, a high rate of recurrence and decreased antifungal susceptibility have appeared. Thus, the aims of the study were to assess and analyze the in vitro susceptibility of Malassezia isolated from pityriasis versicolor (PV) lesions and healthy controls. A total of 58 Malassezia strains isolated from PV patients and healthy controls were tested. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted using the CLSI broth microdilution with some modifications. Candida spp. criteria established in accordance with CLSI guidelines were used for data interpretation. Ketoconazole and posaconazole seemed to be the most effective molecules against Malassezia species. However, considerable percentages of itraconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B ‘‘resistant’’ strains (27.6%, 29.3%, and 43.1%, respectively) were revealed in this study. Malassezia furfur, M. sympodialis, and M. globosa showed different susceptibility profiles to the drugs tested. These results emphasize the importance of accurately identifying and evaluating the antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia species in order to guide a specific and effective treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissal Chebil
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Haouas
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Elja Eskes
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Vandecruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sameh Belgacem
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Belhadj Ali
- Dermatology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16321512
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Chebil W, Rhimi W, Haouas N, Romano V, Belgacem S, Ali HB, Babba H, Cafarchia C. Virulence factors of Malassezia strains isolated from pityriasis versicolor patients and healthy individuals. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6652903. [PMID: 35913746 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, Malassezia species have emerged as increasingly important pathogens associated with a wide range of dermatological disorders and bloodstream infections. The pathogenesis of Malassezia yeasts is not completely clear but it seems to be strictly related to Malassezia strains and hosts and need to be better investigated. This study aimed to assess the enzymatic activities, biofilm formation and in vitro antifungal profiles of Malassezia spp. from Pityriasis versicolor and heathy patients. The potential relationship between virulence attributes, the antifungal profiles and the origin of strains were also assessed. A total of 44 Malassezia strains isolated from patients with (n = 31) and without (n = 13) Pityriasis versicolor (PV) were employed to evaluate phospholipase (Pz), lipase (Lz), hemolytic (Hz) activities and biofilm formation. In addition, in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted using the CLSI broth microdilution with some modifications. A high percentage of strains produced phospholipase, lipase, hemolysins and biofilm regardless of their clinical origin. The highest number of strains producing high enzymatic activities came from PV patients. A correlation between the intensity of hydrolytic activities (lipase and phospholipase activities) and the hemolytic activity was detected. Positive associations between Lz and the low fluconazole susceptibility and Hz and biofilm formation were observed. These results suggest that enzyme patterns and biofilm formation together with antifungal profiles play a role in the pathogenicity of Malassezia spp. and might explain the implication of some Malassezia spp. in invasive fungal infections and in the development of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissal Chebil
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Rhimi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Najoua Haouas
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Valentina Romano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Sameh Belgacem
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Belhadj Ali
- Dermatology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Babba
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Rani U, Lewis LE, Chawla K, Naha A. Preventable contributors to the neonatal healthcare-associated infections: a uni-center analytical study from South India. F1000Res 2022; 11:454. [PMID: 35903417 PMCID: PMC9280113 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.111101.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Globally, neonatal healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are known to cause high mortality. HAIs is a preventable condition related to the healthcare environment. The current study explored the contributors to neonatal HAIs in one of the largest tertiary care referral hospitals in South India. Methods: Neonates from December 2016 to June 2018 were observed for the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections and compared with the matched control group. Various observations on neonatal demography, maternal contributors, and medical procedures were made and recorded to explore and analyse the contributors to neonatal HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to find the contributors. The Odds ratio with 95% CI was also computed and reported. Results: Bloodstream infection (83%) was prevalent among neonates; the maternal contributor was only preterm labor (Odds ratio of 11.93; 95% CI; 6.47-21.98; p<.05) to acquire HAIs. On univariate analysis, mechanical ventilation for > 3days duration, NIV for > five days, and PICC line insertion procedure were significant (p<0.05) contributors to neonatal HAIs. IV cannulation for more than three times in four consecutive days was found in 100(85%) neonates considered being associated with neonatal HAIs. On multivariate analysis, NIV, PICC line, preterm labor, and low birth weight were significant (p<0.05) contributors to neonatal HAIs. Conclusion: The increased duration of invasive and non-invasive therapeutic devices and catheters contributes to neonatal HAIs. Neonates are acquiring bloodstream infections; low birth weight (LBW) neonates are more susceptible to acquiring HAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Rani
- Department of Social and Health Innovation, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Leslie E. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anup Naha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Phuna ZX, Madhavan P. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE MYCOBIOME IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: FUNGAL SPECIES, PATHOGENESIS AND TRANSMISSION. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1291-1321. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
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Rhimi W, Theelen B, Boekhout T, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Malassezia spp. Yeasts of Emerging Concern in Fungemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:370. [PMID: 32850475 PMCID: PMC7399178 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia spp. are lipid-dependent yeasts, inhabiting the skin and mucosa of humans and animals. They are involved in a variety of skin disorders in humans and animals and may cause bloodstream infections in severely immunocompromised patients. Despite a tremendous increase in scientific knowledge of these yeasts during the last two decades, the epidemiology of Malassezia spp. related to fungemia remains largely underestimated most likely due to the difficulty in the isolation of these yeasts species due to their lipid-dependence. This review summarizes and discusses the most recent literature on Malassezia spp. infection and fungemia, its occurrence, pathogenicity mechanisms, diagnostic methods, in vitro susceptibility testing and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Rhimi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Bart Theelen
- Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,The Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Honnavar P, Dogra S, Handa S, Chakrabarti A, Rudramurthy SM. Molecular Identification and Quantification of Malassezia Species Isolated from Pityriasis Versicolor. Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11:167-170. [PMID: 32477973 PMCID: PMC7247642 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_142_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is the most common chronic superficial infection of the stratum corneum, reported in 40–60% of the tropical population. After the description of the new Malassezia species, only a few studies have been conducted from India. Aims: Molecular identification, quantification of Malassezia species implicated with PV and correlation to its clinical presentation. Materials and Methods: The subjects include 50 PV patients, who attended the dermatology outpatient department of our hospital and 50 healthy individuals. Same size area of the skin was sampled from lesional and non-lesional sites in the patient group and from forehead, cheek, and chest of healthy individuals. Malassezia spp. isolated were identified by conventional method and confirmed by ITS2 PCR-RFLP and sequencing of D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA. Results: Eighty percent of patients presented with hypopigmented lesions and 20% with hyperpigmented lesions. From PV lesions, the most frequently isolated species was M. furfur (50%), followed by M. globosa (27.3%), mixture of M. furfur and M. globosa (15.9%), M. sympodialis (4.5%), and M. slooffiae (2.3%). Higher Malassezia density was found in lesional area as compared to non-lesional area of PV patients and in healthy individuals (P 0.0001). Conclusion: Although M. furfur was the most prevalent species isolated from both patients and controls, significantly higher isolation of M. globosa from the lesional area compared to non-lesional area indicates its possible role along with M. furfur in causing PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Honnavar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Handa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Torres M, Pinzón EN, Rey FM, Martinez H, Parra Giraldo CM, Celis Ramírez AM. Galleria mellonella as a Novelty in vivo Model of Host-Pathogen Interaction for Malassezia furfur CBS 1878 and Malassezia pachydermatis CBS 1879. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:199. [PMID: 32432057 PMCID: PMC7214729 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis are lipophilic and lipid dependent yeasts, associated with the skin microbiota in humans and domestic animals, respectively. Although they are commensals, under specific conditions they become pathogens, causing skin conditions, such as pityriasis versicolor, dandruff/seborrheic dermatitis, folliculitis in humans, and dermatitis and otitis in dogs. Additionally, these species are associated with fungemia in immunocompromised patients and low-weight neonates in intensive care units with intravenous catheters or with parenteral nutrition and that are under-treatment of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The host-pathogen interaction mechanism in these yeasts is still unclear; for this reason, it is necessary to implement suitable new host systems, such as Galleria mellonella. This infection model has been widely used to assess virulence, host-pathogen interaction, and antimicrobial activity in bacteria and fungi. Some advantages of the G. mellonella model are: (1) the immune response has phagocytic cells and antimicrobial peptides that are similar to those in the innate immune response of human beings; (2) no ethical implications; (3) low cost; and (4) easy to handle and inoculate. This study aims to establish G. mellonella as an in vivo infection model for M. furfur and M. pachydermatis. To achieve this objective, first, G. mellonella larvae were first inoculated with different inoculum concentrations of these two Malassezia species, 1.5 × 106 CFU/mL, 1.5 × 107 CFU/mL, 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL, and 11.5 × 109 CFU/mL, and incubated at 33 and 37°C. Then, for 15 days, the mortality and melanization were evaluated daily. Finally, the characterization of hemocytes and fungal burden assessment were as carried out. It was found that at 33 and 37°C both M. furfur and M. pachydermatis successfully established a systemic infection in G. mellonella. M. pachydermatis proved to be slightly more virulent than M. furfur at a temperature of 37°C. The results suggest that larvae mortality and melanization is dependent on the specie of Malassezia, the inoculum concentration and the temperature. According to the findings, G. mellonella can be used as an in vivo model of infection to conduct easy and reliable approaches to boost our knowledge of the Malassezia genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Torres
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elkin Nicolás Pinzón
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Flor Maria Rey
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Heydys Martinez
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Marcela Parra Giraldo
- Unidad de Investigación en Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Poh SE, Goh JPZ, Fan C, Chua W, Gan SQ, Lim PLK, Sharma B, Leavesley DI, Dawson TL, Li H. Identification of Malassezia furfur Secreted Aspartyl Protease 1 (MfSAP1) and Its Role in Extracellular Matrix Degradation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:148. [PMID: 32328468 PMCID: PMC7161080 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia is the most abundant eukaryotic microbial genus on human skin. Similar to many human-residing fungi, Malassezia has high metabolic potential and secretes a plethora of hydrolytic enzymes that can potentially modify and structure the external skin environment. Here we show that the dominant secreted Malassezia protease isolated from cultured Malassezia furfur is an aspartyl protease that is secreted and active at all phases of culture growth. We observed that this protease, herein named as MfSAP1 (M. furfur secreted aspartyl protease 1) has a broader substrate cleavage profile and higher catalytic efficiency than the previously reported protease homolog in Malassezia globosa. We demonstrate that MfSAP1 is capable of degrading a wide range of human skin associated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and ECM isolated directly from keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Using a 3-D wound model with primary keratinocytes grown on human de-epidermized dermis, we show that MfSAP1 protease can potentially interfere with wound re-epithelization in an acute wound model. Taken together, our work demonstrates that Malassezia proteases have host-associated substrates and play important roles in cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si En Poh
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joleen P Z Goh
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Fan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wisely Chua
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Qi Gan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Priscilla Lay Keng Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhavya Sharma
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David I Leavesley
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hao Li
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Malassezia furfur Emergence and Candidemia Trends in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit During 10 Years: The Experience of Fluconazole Prophylaxis in a Single Hospital. Adv Neonatal Care 2020; 20:E3-E8. [PMID: 31306235 PMCID: PMC7004458 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because Candida spp is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants, fluconazole prophylaxis has been suggested by some experts and hospital policy. In our hospital, fluconazole prophylaxis was used in eligible preterm infants and set as the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) practice in 2014. PURPOSE This study focused on fungal bloodstream infections and aimed to evaluate the benefit and harm of fluconazole prophylaxis. METHODS/SEARCH STRATEGY This retrospective, descriptive study involved medical record reviews in our hospital from April 2005 to October 2016. NICU patients were included if Candida species, yeast-like organisms, or Malassezia species were cultured from their venous catheter tips or blood cultures. FINDINGS/RESULTS After fluconazole prophylaxis, cases of Candida spp decreased and those of Malassezia furfur emerged. We reviewed 19 cases of catheter-related M furfur colonization and 1 case of M furfur fungemia. The gestational age was 27.3 ± 2.0 weeks and birth weight was 959.2 ± 229.8 g. Hyperalimentation with lipid infusion was used in all cases. All of the neonates survived with antifungal agent use. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study highlights that prophylactic fluconazole may be an associated factor of Malassezia colonization; M furfur remains a potential concern for fungemia in the care of premature infants and thus requires our attention. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Future studies should further investigate the incidence and impact of noncandidal fungal infections with fluconazole prophylaxis use in premature infants.
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Angiolella L, Leone C, Rojas F, Mussin J, de Los Angeles Sosa M, Giusiano G. Biofilm, adherence, and hydrophobicity as virulence factors in Malassezia furfur. Med Mycol 2018; 56:110-116. [PMID: 28340187 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia species are natural inhabitants of the healthy skin. However, under certain conditions, they may cause or exacerbate several skin diseases. The ability of this fungus to colonize or infect is determined by complex interactions between the fungal cell and its virulence factors. This study aims to evaluate "in vitro" the hydrophobicity levels, the adherence on a plastic surface and the biofilm formation of 16 clinical isolates of Malassezia furfur. Cellular surface hydrophobicity (CSH) levels were determined by two-phase system. The biofilm formation was determined by tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results showed many isolates were hydrophobic, adherent, and producers of biofilm on abiotic surfaces with different capacity. SEM observations confirmed an abundant extracellular matrix after 48 h of biofilm formation. About 63% of strains with high production of biofilm showed medium to high percentage of hydrophobicity and/or adherence. In addition, it has been demonstrated a correlation between hydrophobicity, adherence, and biofilm formation in about 60% of strains examined. These important virulence factors could be responsible of this yeast changing from a commensal to a pathogenic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Angiolella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases. University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Leone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases. University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Florencia Rojas
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Javier Mussin
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - María de Los Angeles Sosa
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
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11
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Honnavar P, Ghosh AK, Paul S, Shankarnarayan SA, Singh P, Dogra S, Chakrabarti A, Rudramurthy SM. Identification of Malassezia species by MALDI-TOF MS after expansion of database. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:118-123. [PMID: 30025965 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of Malassezia species is evolving with introduction of molecular techniques, and difficulty is faced to identify the species by phenotypic methods. Among 15 known Malassezia species, the present Bruker database could identify only 2 species. The present study was aimed to improve Matrix -assisted laser desorption ionization time-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based identification of Malassezia species. A total of 88 isolates (DNA sequencing confirmed) for database preparation and, for the validation of database, 190 isolates confirmed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used. The main spectrum profile dendrogram showed the sufficient discrimination between all the species by MALDI-TOF MS. The updated Malassezia database could identify 94.7% and 5.3% strains to the species and genus level, respectively. MALDI-TOF MS is a significantly reliable technique, and results were comparable with PCR-RFLP with kappa value 0.9. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS could be a possible alternative tool to other molecular methods for rapid and accurate identification of Malassezia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Honnavar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S Paul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S A Shankarnarayan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - P Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - A Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Theelen B, Cafarchia C, Gaitanis G, Bassukas ID, Boekhout T, Dawson TL. Malassezia ecology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Med Mycol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Georgios Gaitanis
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dimitrios Bassukas
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Institute for Medical Biology, (IMB), Singapore
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Performance of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identifying Clinical Malassezia Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 55:90-96. [PMID: 27795342 PMCID: PMC5228266 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01763-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Malassezia comprises commensal yeasts on human skin. These yeasts are involved in superficial infections but are also isolated in deeper infections, such as fungemia, particularly in certain at-risk patients, such as neonates or patients with parenteral nutrition catheters. Very little is known about Malassezia epidemiology and virulence. This is due mainly to the difficulty of distinguishing species. Currently, species identification is based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Only molecular biology techniques identify species with certainty, but they are time-consuming and expensive. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) database for identifying Malassezia species by mass spectrometry. Eighty-five Malassezia isolates from patients in three French university hospitals were investigated. Each strain was identified by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Forty-five strains of the six species Malassezia furfur, M. sympodialis, M. slooffiae, M. globosa, M. restricta, and M. pachydermatis allowed the creation of a MALDI-TOF database. Forty other strains were used to test this database. All strains were identified by our Malassezia database with log scores of >2.0, according to the manufacturer's criteria. Repeatability and reproducibility tests showed a coefficient of variation of the log score values of <10%. In conclusion, our new Malassezia database allows easy, fast, and reliable identification of Malassezia species. Implementation of this database will contribute to a better, more rapid identification of Malassezia species and will be helpful in gaining a better understanding of their epidemiology.
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Benjamin M, Jolivet E, Desbois N, Pignol J, Ketterer-Martinon S, Pierre-Louis L, Flechelles O. Colonisation à levures chez les prématurés de moins de 1500g hospitalisés en réanimation néonatale. Arch Pediatr 2016; 23:887-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Clinical Focus on Malassezia Folliculitis. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-016-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Leung MHY, Chan KCK, Lee PKH. Skin fungal community and its correlation with bacterial community of urban Chinese individuals. MICROBIOME 2016; 4:46. [PMID: 27558504 PMCID: PMC4997687 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput sequencing has led to increased insights into the human skin microbiome. Currently, the majority of skin microbiome investigations are limited to characterizing prokaryotic communities, and our understanding of the skin fungal community (mycobiome) is limited, more so for cohorts outside of the western hemisphere. Here, the skin mycobiome across healthy Chinese individuals in Hong Kong are characterized. RESULTS Based on a curated fungal reference database designed for skin mycobiome analyses, previously documented common skin colonizers are also abundant and prevalent in this cohort. However, genera associated with local terrains, food, and medicine are also detected. Fungal community composition shows interpersonal (Bray-Curtis ANOSIM = 0.398) and household (Bray-Curtis ANOSIM = 0.134) clustering. Roles of gender and age on diversity analyses are test- and site-specific, and, contrary to bacteria, the effect of household on fungal community composition dissimilarity between samples is insignificant. Site-specific, cross-domain positive and negative correlations at both community and operational taxonomic unit levels may uncover potential relationships between fungi and bacteria on skin. CONCLUSIONS The studied Chinese population presents similar major fungal skin colonizers that are also common in western populations, but local outdoor environments and lifestyles may also contribute to mycobiomes of specific cohorts. Cohabitation plays an insignificant role in shaping mycobiome differences between individuals in this cohort. Increased understanding of fungal communities of non-western cohorts will contribute to understanding the size of the global skin pan-mycobiome, which will ultimately help understand relationships between environmental exposures, microbial populations, and the health of global humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus H. Y. Leung
- B5423-AC1, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Patrick K. H. Lee
- B5423-AC1, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Nenoff P, Krüger C, Mayser P. Kutane Malassezia-Infektionen und Malassezia-assoziierte Dermatosen. Hautarzt 2015; 66:465-84; quiz 485-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-015-3631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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