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Vellingiri B, Balasubramani K, Iyer M, Raj N, Elangovan A, Song K, Yeo HC, Jayakumar N, Kinoshita M, Thangarasu R, Narayanasamy A, Dayem AA, Prajapati VK, Gopalakrishnan AV, Cho SG. Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Parkinson's Disease-A New Theranostics? Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300097. [PMID: 37590305 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex condition that is significantly influenced by oxidative stress and inflammation. It is also suggested that telomere shortening (TS) is regulated by oxidative stress which leads to various diseases including age-related neurodegenerative diseases like PD. Thus, it is anticipated that PD would result in TS of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Telomeres protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes preserving them against fusion and destruction. The TS is a normal process because DNA polymerase is unable to replicate the linear ends of the DNA due to end replication complications and telomerase activity in various cell types counteracts this process. PD is usually observed in the aged population and progresses over time therefore, disparities among telomere length in PBMCs of PD patients are recorded and it is still a question whether it has any useful role. Here, the likelihood of telomere attrition in PD and its implications concerning microglia activation, ageing, oxidative stress, and the significance of telomerase activators are addressed. Also, the possibility of telomeres and telomerase as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in PD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Kiruthika Balasubramani
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Neethu Raj
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Ajay Elangovan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Kwonwoo Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Cheol Yeo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Namitha Jayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641006, India
| | - Masako Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Utano National Hospital, Ondoyama-Cho, Narutaki, Ukyo-Ku, Kyoto, 616-8255, Japan
| | - Ravimanickam Thangarasu
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, Tamil Nadu Open University, Saidapet, Chennai, 600015, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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Ortega-Vázquez A, Sánchez-Badajos S, Ramírez-García MÁ, Alvarez-Luquín D, López-López M, Adalid-Peralta LV, Monroy-Jaramillo N. Longitudinal Changes in Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1913. [PMID: 37895262 PMCID: PMC10606744 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology includes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and aging as its biggest risk factors. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and telomere length (TL) are biological aging markers with inconclusive results regarding their association with PD. A case-control study was used to measure TL and mtDNA-CN using qPCR in PBMCs. PD patients were naive at baseline (T0) and followed-up at one (T1) and two (T2) years after the dopaminergic treatment (DRT). Plasmatic cytokines were determined by ELISA in all participants, along with clinical parameters of patients at T0. While TL was shorter in patients vs. controls at all time points evaluated (p < 0.01), mtDNA-CN showed no differences. An increase in mtDNA-CN and TL was observed in treated patients vs. naive ones (p < 0.001). Our statistical model analyzed both aging markers with covariates, showing a strong correlation between them (r = 0.57, p < 0.01), and IL-17A levels positively correlating with mtDNA-CN only in untreated patients (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). TL and mtDNA-CN could be useful markers for monitoring inflammation progression or treatment response in PD. DRT might modulate TL and mtDNA-CN, reflecting a compensatory mechanism to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, but this needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ortega-Vázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.O.-V.); (M.L.-L.)
| | - Salvador Sánchez-Badajos
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | | | - Diana Alvarez-Luquín
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.A.-L.); (L.V.A.-P.)
| | - Marisol López-López
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.O.-V.); (M.L.-L.)
| | - Laura Virginia Adalid-Peralta
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.A.-L.); (L.V.A.-P.)
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
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Muddapu VR, Chakravarthy VS. Influence of energy deficiency on the subcellular processes of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta cell for understanding Parkinsonian neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1754. [PMID: 33462293 PMCID: PMC7814067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prominent neurodegenerative disease around the world. Although it is known that PD is caused by the loss of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the decisive cause of this inexorable cell loss is not clearly elucidated. We hypothesize that "Energy deficiency at a sub-cellular/cellular/systems level can be a common underlying cause for SNc cell loss in PD." Here, we propose a comprehensive computational model of SNc cell, which helps us to understand the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration at the subcellular level in PD. The aim of the study is to see how deficits in the supply of energy substrates (glucose and oxygen) lead to a deficit in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The study also aims to show that deficits in ATP are the common factor underlying the molecular-level pathological changes, including alpha-synuclein aggregation, reactive oxygen species formation, calcium elevation, and dopamine dysfunction. The model suggests that hypoglycemia plays a more crucial role in leading to ATP deficits than hypoxia. We believe that the proposed model provides an integrated modeling framework to understand the neurodegenerative processes underlying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignayanandam Ravindernath Muddapu
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Computational Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Computational Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036 Tamil Nadu India
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Levstek T, Kozjek E, Dolžan V, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Telomere Attrition in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:219. [PMID: 32760251 PMCID: PMC7373805 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere attrition is increased in various disorders and is therefore a potential biomarker for diagnosis and/or prognosis of these disorders. The contribution of telomere attrition in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders is yet to be fully elucidated. We are reviewing the current knowledge regarding the telomere biology in two common neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, we are discussing future prospective of telomere research in these disorders. The majority of studies reported consistent evidence of the accelerated telomere attrition in AD patients, possibly in association with elevated oxidative stress levels. On the other hand in PD, various studies reported contradictory evidence regarding telomere attrition. Consequently, due to the low specificity and sensitivity, the clinical benefit of telomere length as a biomarker of neurodegenerative disease development and progression is not yet recognized. Nevertheless, longitudinal studies in large carefully selected cohorts might provide further elucidation of the complex involvement of the telomeres in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Telomere length maintenance is a complex process characterized by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic determinants. Thus, in addition to the selection of the study cohort, also the selection of analytical methods and types of biological samples for evaluation of the telomere attrition is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Levstek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Kozjek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sun M, McDonald SJ, Brady RD, Collins-Praino L, Yamakawa GR, Monif M, O'Brien TJ, Cloud GC, Sobey CG, Mychasiuk R, Loane DJ, Shultz SR. The need to incorporate aged animals into the preclinical modeling of neurological conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 109:114-128. [PMID: 31877345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease are serious clinical problems that affect millions of people worldwide. The majority of clinical trials for these common conditions have failed, and there is a critical need to understand why treatments in preclinical animal models do not translate to patients. Many patients with these conditions are middle-aged or older, however, the majority of preclinical studies have used only young-adult animals. Considering that aging involves biological changes that are relevant to the pathobiology of neurological diseases, the lack of aged subjects in preclinical research could contribute to translational failures. This paper details how aging affects biological processes involved in neurological conditions, and reviews aging research in the context of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. We conclude that aging is an important, but often overlooked, factor that influences biology and outcomes in neurological conditions, and provide suggestions to improve our understanding and treatment of these diseases in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lyndsey Collins-Praino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Geoffrey C Cloud
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Stroke Services, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Kumar M, Kaushik M, Kukreti S. A topological transition from bimolecular quadruplex to G-triplex/tri-G-quadruplex exhibited by truncated double repeats of human telomere. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 47:903-915. [PMID: 29934676 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human telomeric G-rich sequences can fold back into various conformations depending upon the salt (Na+ or K+) at physiological pH. On the basis of results obtained by native PAGE electrophoresis, circular dichroism, and UV-melting experiments, we report here that truncated sequences of human telomere (d-GGGTTAGGG; GM9, d-AGGGTTAGGG; GM10, d-TAGGGTTAGGG; GM11) adopt a varied range of quadruplex conformations as a function of the cation present. By correlating CD and gel electrophoresis experiments; it was concluded that the GM9 oligonucleotide can self-associate to form a tetramer quadruplex (antiparallel; AP) in Na+ solution and a mixture of G-triplex (AP) or tri-G-quadruplex (parallel; P) along with a tetramer G-quadruplex structure (AP) in K+. The GM10 oligonucleotide formed a bimolecular G-quadruplex in both Na+ and K+ solutions, while GM11 associated to form a bimolecular G-quadruplex (AP) structure in Na+ solution and a mixture of bimolecular G-quadruplex (AP) and bimolecular G-quadruplex (P) along with parallel G-triplex or antiparallel tri-G-quadruplex in K+. All the UV-melting profiles, thermal difference spectra, and CD melting curves suggested the formation of a variety of G-quadruplex conformations by the DNA sequences studied in Na+ and K+ ions. Hypothetical models for different conformations adopted by these DNA molecules have also been proposed, which may further enhance our knowledge about the divergent topologies of guanine quadruplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar
- Nucleic Acid Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mahima Kaushik
- Nucleic Acid Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acid Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Thanseem I, Viswambharan V, Poovathinal SA, Anitha A. Is telomere length a biomarker of neurological disorders? Biomark Med 2017; 11:799-810. [PMID: 30669856 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that form protective caps at the termini of chromosomes, maintaining genomic stability. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the usefulness of telomere length (TL) as biomarkers of neurological disorders. The implications of TL in relation to cognitive ability, cognitive aging and cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disorders are also briefly discussed. Our review suggests that at present it is difficult to draw a reliable conclusion regarding the contribution of TL to neurological disorders. Further, it needs to be examined whether leukocyte TL, which is generally considered as a surrogate marker of TL in other tissues, serves as an indicator of central nervous system TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Thanseem
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Vijitha Viswambharan
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Suresh A Poovathinal
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Ayyappan Anitha
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
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