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Wei Z, Srinivasan P, Patel R, Bednarz G, Flickinger JC, Hadjipanayis CG, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients with Brain Metastases from Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1665. [PMID: 38730617 PMCID: PMC11083154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with brain metastases from hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) cancers has yet to be established. The authors present a single-institution experience of patients with HPB cancers who underwent SRS when their cancer spread to the brain. METHODS We surveyed our Gamma Knife SRS data base of 18,000 patients for the years 1987-2022. In total, 19 metastatic HPB cancer patients (13 male) with 76 brain metastases were identified. The median age at SRS was 61 years (range: 48-83). The primary cancer sites were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 11 patients), cholangiocarcinoma (CCC, 2 patients), and pancreatic carcinoma (PCC, 6 patients). The median Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) was 80 (range: 50-90). Two patients underwent pre-SRS whole-brain fractionated radiation therapy (WBRT) and eight patients underwent pre-SRS surgical resection. All SRS was delivered in single session. The median margin dose was 18 Gy (range: 15-20). The median cumulative tumor volume was 8.1 cc (range: 1.0-44.2). RESULTS The median patient overall survival (OS) after SRS was 7 months (range 1-79 months). Four patients had documented local tumor progression after SRS at a median time of 8.5 months (range: 2-15) between SRS and progression. Out of 76 treated tumors, 72 tumors exhibited local control. The local tumor control rate per patient was 78.9%. The local tumor control per tumor was 94.7%. Four patients developed new brain metastases at a median of 6.5 months (range: 2-17) after SRS. No patient experienced adverse radiation effects (AREs). At the last follow-up, 18 patients had died, all from systemic disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Metastatic spread to the brain from HPB cancers occurs late in the course of the primary disease. In this study, all deceased patients ultimately died from primary disease progression. SRS is a non-invasive strategy that maximally preserves quality of life, and our results reported favorable outcomes compared to the existing literature. SRS should be considered as one of the primary management strategies for patients with brain metastatic spread from HPB cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuo Wei
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
- Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA (C.G.H.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
| | - Priyanka Srinivasan
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ritam Patel
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
| | - Greg Bednarz
- Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA (C.G.H.)
| | - John C. Flickinger
- Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA (C.G.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
| | - Constantinos G. Hadjipanayis
- Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA (C.G.H.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ajay Niranjan
- Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA (C.G.H.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
| | - L. Dade Lunsford
- Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA (C.G.H.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Knapp J, Babu H, Benjamin S, Shapiro A. Hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the pituitary gland without an identifiable primary lesion. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:1263-1267. [PMID: 38292788 PMCID: PMC10825538 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. However, brain metastases from this cancer are incredibly rare. While the hepatocellular carcinoma mortality rate in the United States has been increasing, hepatocellular carcinoma is rare among patients without underlying liver disease. Here we present a patient with a history of left optic nerve meningioma treated with stereotactic radiosurgery who presented with acute vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing mass lesion in the region of the sella turcica. Neurosurgical histopathology revealed a metastatic lesion consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma. Systemic workup failed to identify a primary liver lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Knapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Harish Babu
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Sam Benjamin
- Department of Medical Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Anna Shapiro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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3
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Feng JC, He Y, Polychronidis G, Xin J, You S, Xiong J. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Brain Metastases. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:180-186. [PMID: 38393527 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain metastases significantly impact the clinical course of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to examine the age-related incidence, demographics, and survival of patients with HCC and brain metastases. METHODS Data of HCC patients from 2010 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Registry were screened for the presence of brain metastases. They were stratified by age and ethnicity. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with brain metastases and those with overall survival (OS) and liver cancer-specific survival (CSS), respectively. RESULTS A total of 141 HCC patients presenting with brain metastases were identified, accounting for 0.35% of all HCC patients and 2.37% of patients with metastatic disease. Among all HCC patients, the incidence rate was the highest among patients aged 30-49 years old (0.47%). Ethnicity was not associated with the presence of brain metastases at the time of HCC diagnosis. However, African-American patients presented with a significantly lower disease-specific survival [median time: 1 month; interquartile range (IQR): 0-3.0 months)]. Initial lung or bone metastasis was independently associated with an increased risk of the presence of brain metastases [odds ratio (OR): 12.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.40-18.97] but was not associated with a worse OS or CSS among those with brain metastases. CONCLUSION This study identified the age-related incidence and risk factors of brain metastases in HCC patients. These results may contribute to the consideration of brain screening among patients with initial metastatic HCC with lung or bone metastases, and influence the counseling of this patient population regarding their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Feng
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Georgios Polychronidis
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Jian Xin
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shen You
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Jun Xiong
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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4
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Signorelli F, Fraschetti F, Benato A, Visocchi M. Repeated surgery for hemorrhagic brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: palliation or effective part of a multimodal treatment? A case-based approach. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:1770-1773. [PMID: 33759662 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1903394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCBM) are encountered very rarely in clinical practice, especially in western countries. Only a minority of patients undergoes resective surgery, as clinical picture is usually complex and presentation is often catastrophic with intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Neurosurgical intervention can be not only life-saving but may also alleviate significantly the burden of symptoms. We present the case of a patient with six metachronous hemorrhagic HCCBM in which emergent surgery extended survival by 9 months, of which seven spent in near-normal life quality, stressing the role of neurosurgery in the evaluation of HCCBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Signorelli
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Fraschetti
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Benato
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Visocchi
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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5
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Choi JW, Ho R, Zhang YJ, Sae-Ow W, Hui FK, Brown SC, Tsappidi S. A rare case of solitary, isolated dural metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma mimicking a meningioma. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:398. [PMID: 38053699 PMCID: PMC10695471 DOI: 10.25259/sni_733_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Distinguishing an isolated metastatic dural tumor from a meningioma on imaging is challenging and may lead to a delay in treatment. Here, we present the first known case of isolated, solitary dural metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mimicking a meningioma. Case Description A 64-year-old male with a history of liver cirrhosis presented with a 5.8 cm enhancing left parafalcine hemorrhagic dural-based mass extending across the midline. Cerebral angiography revealed a distal left anterior pseudoaneurysm, and tumor contrast blush with feeders from the left ophthalmic and right middle meningeal artery. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully embolized to stop the bleeding, followed by an uneventful bi-coronal frontal craniotomy for falcine tumor resection to relieve brain compression. Histopathological analysis of the dural-based tumor showed poorly differentiated carcinoma with positive albumin in situ hybridization and cytokeratin tumor markers, consistent with dural metastases from HCC. Conclusion When encountering a solitary, highly vascular mass bearing resemblance to a meningioma, it may be prudent to consider the possibility of a dural-based metastatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Won Choi
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
| | - Richard Ho
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
| | - Yi Jonathan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
| | - Wichit Sae-Ow
- Department of Pathology, The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
| | - Ferdinand K. Hui
- Department of Neurointerventional Surgery, The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
| | - Stacy C. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience Institute, The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
| | - Samuel Tsappidi
- Department of Neurointerventional Surgery, The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
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6
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Ahn KH, Ryu HS, Han MS, Choi YD, Joo SP. Spontaneous Acute Epidural Hematoma Associated With Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. Korean J Neurotrauma 2023; 19:384-392. [PMID: 37840619 PMCID: PMC10567519 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2023.19.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous acute epidural hematoma (AEDH) co-occurring with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the skull is rare, with only 7 documented cases in existing literature. This report describes the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with decreased consciousness following intermittent headaches following minor head trauma. Computed tomography imaging revealed an AEDH, prompting surgical intervention. Despite preliminary assumptions linking the causes of the trauma, surgical exploration revealed no evidence of traumatic injury. Instead, an infiltrative soft-tissue mass within the skull was identified. Histopathological examination confirmed that the mass was a metastatic HCC. Despite the successful hematoma evacuation, the patient's neurological status did not improve. This case underscores the importance of considering metastatic disease in the differential diagnosis of AEDH, particularly in patients with a history of malignant tumors, irrespective of prior indications of bone metastasis. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for such complex cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang hee Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Han Seung Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yoo Duk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Pil Joo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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7
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Huang X, Chen S, Li G, Huang K, Wu J, Gao Q, Wu X, Su M. A Stunning Giant Mass in Right Ventricle: A Challenge for Treatment. Chest 2023; 163:e241-e246. [PMID: 37164590 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuangkun Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guiyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kunhui Huang
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiumei Gao
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xijie Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Maolong Su
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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8
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2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF LIVER CANCER 2023; 23:1-120. [PMID: 37384024 PMCID: PMC10202234 DOI: 10.17998/jlc.2022.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cancer among men in South Korea, where the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection is high in middle and old age. The current practice guidelines will provide useful and sensible advice for the clinical management of patients with HCC. A total of 49 experts in the fields of hepatology, oncology, surgery, radiology, and radiation oncology from the Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guideline Revision Committee revised the 2018 Korean guidelines and developed new recommendations that integrate the most up-to-date research findings and expert opinions. These guidelines provide useful information and direction for all clinicians, trainees, and researchers in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korean Liver Cancer Association (KLCA) and National Cancer Center (NCC) Korea
- Corresponding author: KLCA-NCC Korea Practice Guideline Revision Committee (KPGRC) (Committee Chair: Joong-Won Park) Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea Tel. +82-31-920-1605, Fax: +82-31-920-1520, E-mail:
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9
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2022 KLCA-NCC Korea Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Korean J Radiol 2022; 23:1126-1240. [PMID: 36447411 PMCID: PMC9747269 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2022.0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cancer among men in South Korea, where the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection is high in middle and old age. The current practice guidelines will provide useful and sensible advice for the clinical management of patients with HCC. A total of 49 experts in the fields of hepatology, oncology, surgery, radiology, and radiation oncology from the Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guideline Revision Committee revised the 2018 Korean guidelines and developed new recommendations that integrate the most up-to-date research findings and expert opinions. These guidelines provide useful information and direction for all clinicians, trainees, and researchers in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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10
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2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 28:583-705. [PMID: 36263666 PMCID: PMC9597235 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cancer among men in South Korea, where the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection is high in middle and old age. The current practice guidelines will provide useful and sensible advice for the clinical management of patients with HCC. A total of 49 experts in the fields of hepatology, oncology, surgery, radiology, and radiation oncology from the Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guideline Revision Committee revised the 2018 Korean guidelines and developed new recommendations that integrate the most up-to-date research findings and expert opinions. These guidelines provide useful information and direction for all clinicians, trainees, and researchers in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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11
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Kim K, Lee J, Seong J. Skull Base Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical Presentation and Efficacy of Radiotherapy. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:357-366. [PMID: 35520947 PMCID: PMC9064478 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s361045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Skull base metastasis (SBM) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents detrimental survival outcomes with cranial nerve symptoms; however, they have received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the clinical presentation and efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) in patients with SBM from HCC. Patients and Methods We identified patients with SBM from HCC in Yonsei Cancer Center from 2005 to 2019. Image evaluations and SBM-related symptoms were reviewed. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared through the Log rank test. The oligometastasis group included patients with less than five foci of tumors, while the extensive metastasis group presented five or more sites. Results The incidence of SBM from HCC was 1.5% (58/3793 patients), commonly found in the middle cranial fossa. SBM associated symptoms presented in 51 patients, and the most common were head and neck area pain, and orbital symptoms, The palliation rate after RT was 65% (24/39 patients) for overall symptoms and 83.3% (20/24 patients) for cranial nerve symptoms. In whole cohort, overall survival was analyzed, and the median overall survival of patients with oligometastasis was better than extensive metastasis (23.7 months vs 1.8 months, p < 0.001). In subgroup who received RT (39 patients), the median overall survival was 23.7 and 2.7 months for patients with oligo and extensive metastasis, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study confirmed clinical features of SBM from HCC. Overall survival was generally poor, but patients presenting oligometastasis seemed to have possibility of relative long-term survival. Although radiation was effective in SBM-induced symptom relief, dose–response relationship in local control rate and overall survival needs further studies with larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangpyo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongyo Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Perng PS, Lai YH, Lee PH, Huang CC, Hsu HH, Lee JS. Safety and Efficacy of Sorafenib and Lenvatinib in Patients Who Underwent Surgery or Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061536. [PMID: 35329863 PMCID: PMC8954107 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery or whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for the management of brain metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with improved survival. However, the efficacy of multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and possible bleeding complications have not been studied in these patients. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating TKI safety and efficacy in these patients. We retrospectively reviewed 39 patients who underwent surgery or WBRT for brain metastasis of HCC. Intracranial tumor bleeding rates were compared between patients who did and did not receive TKIs. Survival outcomes were analyzed using the log-rank and Cox regression tests. A total of 22 and 7 patients received sorafenib and lenvatinib, respectively. The intracranial tumor bleeding rates were 61.5% and 70% in patients who did and did not receive TKIs, respectively (p > 0.99). Survival analysis revealed craniotomy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.45, p = 0.04), a higher Karnofsky Performance Score (AOR: 0.97, p < 0.01), and TKI use (AOR: 0.26, p < 0.01) were positive prognostic factors for overall survival. TKIs were associated with better survival outcomes in patients who underwent surgery or WBRT for brain metastasis of HCC and did not increase intracranial bleeding. Therefore, TKIs are efficacious and safe for treating brain metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Shuo Perng
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (P.-S.P.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-C.H.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lai
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lee
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (P.-S.P.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-C.H.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (P.-S.P.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-C.H.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Hao-Hsiang Hsu
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (P.-S.P.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-C.H.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Jung-Shun Lee
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (P.-S.P.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-C.H.); (H.-H.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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13
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Thida C, Pokhrel A, Sun L, Wu R, Jaswani V, Wang JC. Hemorrhagic Brain Metastasis as an Initial Presentation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Patient With Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022; 10:23247096221117788. [PMID: 35975720 PMCID: PMC9527531 DOI: 10.1177/23247096221117788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic cancer.
Although it usually presents as a liver mass, rarely HCC can have an initial
presentation at an extrahepatic site before the diagnosis of the primary lesion
in the liver. Even rarely was that brain metastasis as initial extrahepatic
presentations. Furthermore, the initial presentation of HCC as brain metastases
has been with most cases being secondary to hepatitis-related hepatoma. In this
case report, we are presenting a rare and unusual case of hemorrhagic cerebral
metastasis as an initial extrahepatic presentation of an alcohol-related
hepatoma. Our case is the second case in the English literature that has been
presented in such a way. Due to the uncommonness of presentation, there can be
diagnostic dilemmas and delay in treatment. Therefore, a high level of suspicion
is needed in the high-risk patients of HCC who present with unexplained or new
neurological signs and symptoms. More exploration is warranted for clinical
research and treatment guidelines for brain metastases of HCC to help improve
survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Thida
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Akriti Pokhrel
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lishi Sun
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Richard Wu
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Vijay Jaswani
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jen C. Wang
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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14
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Tong X, Li J. Noninvasively predict the micro-vascular invasion and histopathological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma with CT-derived radiomics. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 9:100424. [PMID: 35600083 PMCID: PMC9120240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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15
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Chaudry SJ, Ranjha FR, Butt S, Nawaz S. A Rare Occurrence of Scalp Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Case Report. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver malignancy and the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Extrahepatic spread in this type of cancer is most commonly seen in the lungs and lymph nodes and less commonly in the skeletal system. Skull metastases are exceedingly rare, with an incidence of 0.5 to 1.6% reported to date. We report a similar case of a middle-aged Asian male patient with parietal scalp swelling that was initially diagnosed as meningioma. Surgical resection was performed at a local facility. The abdominal computed tomography scan did not reveal any primary or metastatic lesion. After much deliberation, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging was requested that showed multiple lesions in the liver. Metastatic scalp lesion should be considered a differential diagnosis in HCC regardless of liver symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Javed Chaudry
- Department of Clinical & Radiation Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fajar Rafi Ranjha
- Department of Clinical & Radiation Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Butt
- Department of Clinical & Radiation Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samaha Nawaz
- Department of Clinical & Radiation Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
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16
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Abouzied MM, Alhinti N, AlMuhaideb A, Al Sugair AS, Al Qahtani M. Extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: multimodality image evaluation. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:583-591. [PMID: 33625188 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent primary malignancy of the liver is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); its poor prognosis is mainly related to intrahepatic recurrence and extrahepatic metastases. However, survival from HCC has improved due to better control of the primary tumor, the development of newer treatment modalities, including liver transplant, together with advances in imaging techniques. Therefore, the significance of patient management as corresponds with distant metastases has increased; since the proper evaluation and detection of extrahepatic metastases is crucial to optimize potential therapy for patients. Conventional imaging like CT, MRI play crucial rule in patient's diagnosis and qualifying for a certain type of therapy. More recently, a molecular imaging tool with radiolabeled deoxyglucose and fluorocholine has proved its promising value as a complementary tool to conventional studies. In this review, the frequent sites of metastases and HCC spread are discussed as well as the imaging findings as seen by both conventional imaging techniques and by molecular imaging tools, namely 18F-Choline PET/CT, and FDG PET. The implications of guiding treatment planning have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nayef Alhinti
- Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre
| | - Ahmad AlMuhaideb
- Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre
| | | | - Mohammed Al Qahtani
- Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 Expression Upregulation Is Involved in Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5612138. [PMID: 33816616 PMCID: PMC7990528 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5612138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a key signaling molecule regulating cell growth in some tumors, but its function and mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Our study investigated the relationship between the expression of IFITM3 and HCC development. Material and Methods. IFITM3 expression was identified via multiple gene expression databases and investigated in HCC tissue samples. Then, PLC/PRF/5 cells were transfected with lentivirus to knock down and overexpress the expression of IFITM3. IFITM3 expression, cell proliferation, and migration were detected by qRT-PCR, western blotting, QuantiGene Plex 2.0 assay, immunohistochemistry, CCK-8, and wound healing tests. RNA-seq technology identified the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as an IFITM3-related signaling pathway for investigation. Results IFITM3 expression was higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and the level of IFITM3 was higher in HCC tissues with low differentiation and metastatic potential than in those with high/medium differentiation and without metastatic potential. A higher RNA level of IFITM3 was found in samples with IFITM3 rs12252-CC genotype rather than the TT genotype. Knockdown of IFITM3 in PLC/PRF/5 cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration, blocked the expression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and decreased the expression of vimentin. The results were opposite with the overexpression of IFITM3. Conclusion Upregulation of IFITM3 plays a role in the development of HCC. Possibly through regulating HCC cell proliferation and migration, these effects are associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Upregulation of IFITM3 is also associated with the IFITM3 rs12252-CC genotype.
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18
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Stenman M, Benmakhlouf H, Wersäll P, Johnstone P, Hatiboglu MA, Mayer-da-Silva J, Harmenberg U, Lindskog M, Sinclair G. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the brain: optimizing patient selection for gamma knife radiosurgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:333-342. [PMID: 32902689 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of single-fraction gamma knife radiosurgery (sf-GKRS) on patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) brain metastases (BM) in the era of targeted agents (TA) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are insufficiently studied. METHODS AND MATERIALS Clear cell metastatic RCC patients treated with sf-GKRS due to BM in 2005-2014 at three European centres were retrospectively analysed (n = 43). Median follow-up was 56 months. Ninety-five percent had prior nephrectomy, 53% synchronous metastasis and 86% extracranial disease at first sf-GKRS. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ranged from 60 to 100%. Outcome measures were overall survival (OS), local control (LC) and adverse radiation effects (ARE). RESULTS One hundred and ninety-four targets were irradiated. The median number of targets at first sf-GKRS was two. The median prescription dose was 22.0 Gy. Thirty-seven percent had repeated sf-GKRS. Eighty-eight percent received TA. LC rates at 12 and 18 months were 97% and 90%. Median OS from the first sf-GKRS was 15.7 months. Low serum albumin (HR for death 5.3), corticosteroid use pre-sf-GKRS (HR for death 5.8) and KPS < 80 (HR for death 9.1) were independently associated with worse OS. No further prognostic information was gleaned from MSKCC risk group, synchronous metastasis, age, number of BM or extracranial metastases. Other prognostic scores for BM radiosurgery, including DS-GPA, renal-GPA, LLV-SIR and CITV-SIR, again, did not add further prognostic value. ARE were seldom symptomatic and were associated with tumour volume, 10-Gy volume and pre-treatment perifocal oedema. ARE were less common among patients treated with TA within 1 month of sf-GKRS. CONCLUSIONS We identified albumin, corticosteroid use and KPS as independent prognostic factors for sf-GKRS of clear cell RCC BM. Studies focusing on the prognostic significance of albumin in sf-GKRS are rare. Further studies with a larger number of patients are warranted to confirm the above analytical outcome. Also, in keeping with previous studies, our data showed optimal rates of local tumour control and limited toxicity post radiosurgery, rendering GKRS the tool of choice in the management of RCC BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stenman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Benmakhlouf
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Wersäll
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Johnstone
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - M A Hatiboglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J Mayer-da-Silva
- Centro Gamma Knife, CUF Infante Santo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - U Harmenberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Sinclair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
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19
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Durable Complete Response of Brain Metastasis From Hepatocellular Carcinoma On Treatment With Nivolumab and Radiation Treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:2114-2116. [PMID: 32852335 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma Brain Metastases: A Single-Institution Experience. World Neurosurg 2020; 140:e27-e32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Liu Y, Hao S, Ji N, Wang J, Zhang L. Combination of Anti-Programmed Death 1 Therapy and Apatinib for a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Brain Metastasis: Case Report and Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2020; 143:114-117. [PMID: 32534262 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis is rare in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The combination of an anti-programmed death 1 inhibitor and an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug provides therapeutic opportunities for refractory patients. So far, there are no data on the efficacy of these combined therapies for patients with HCC brain metastasis. CASE DESCRIPTION HCC brain metastasis was diagnosed in a 31-year-old man. First, he underwent left liver resection and cholecystectomy and recovered well postoperatively. The postoperative pathologic findings were consistent with HCC. Approximately 2 years later, he presented with persistent headache and underwent magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed a lesion in the left parietal lobe. Anti-programmed death 1 and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs were administered in combination, but the lesion did not shrink after the combined treatment on repeat magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, surgical removal of the brain lesion was performed 2 months later. The postoperative pathologic results showed coagulative necrosis. CONCLUSIONS This case report highlights the efficacy of toripalimab and apatinib in the management of brain metastasis from HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Neurosurgical Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Neurosurgical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Neurosurgical Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ji
- Neurosurgical Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- Neurosurgical Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Neurosurgical Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Yang MJ, Arkun K, Heilman CB. Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Vestibular Schwannoma. World Neurosurg 2019; 128:324-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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2018 Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Korean J Radiol 2019; 20:1042-1113. [PMID: 31270974 PMCID: PMC6609431 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2019.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer globally and the fourth most common cancer in men in Korea, where the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection is high in middle-aged and elderly patients. These practice guidelines will provide useful and constructive advice for the clinical management of patients with HCC. A total of 44 experts in hepatology, oncology, surgery, radiology, and radiation oncology in the Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guideline Revision Committee revised the 2014 Korean guidelines and developed new recommendations that integrate the most up-to-date research findings and expert opinions.
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2018 Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gut Liver 2019; 13:227-299. [PMID: 31060120 PMCID: PMC6529163 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer globally and the fourth most common cancer in men in Korea, where the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection is high in middle-aged and elderly patients. These practice guidelines will provide useful and constructive advice for the clinical management of patients with HCC. A total of 44 experts in hepatology, oncology, surgery, radiology and radiation oncology in the Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guideline Revision Committee revised the 2014 Korean guidelines and developed new recommendations that integrate the most up-to-date research findings and expert opinions.
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25
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Han B, Li C, Meng H, Gomes Romeiro F, Mancuso A, Zhou Z, Levi Sandri GB, Xu Y, Han T, Han L, Shao L, Qi X. Efficacy and safety of external-beam radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: An overview of current evidence according to the different target population. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:10-22. [PMID: 30799321 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. During the recent years, external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) has been safely and effectively employed for the management of HCC. We overviewed the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of EBRT for HCC according to the different target population. PubMed database was searched for identifying English-language full-text articles regarding EBRT for the treatment of HCC. Search items were "hepatocellular carcinoma AND radiation therapy". Until now, preliminary evidence has suggested the following role of EBRT for HCC. 1) EBRT, especially stereotactic body radiation therapy, is an emerging choice of therapy for small HCC. 2) EBRT combined with non-surgical treatment can achieve an excellent intrahepatic tumor control and a potential survival benefit for huge HCC. 3)Adjunctive EBRT may improve the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization for HCC with portal vein tumor thrombosis. 4) EBRT can relieve the pain and improve the quality of life for patients with extrahepatic metastases. 5) EBRT may be a bridge to liver transplantation by minimizing the tumor progression. 6) Adjunctive EBRT may reduce the tumor recurrence and improve the survival after resection. In summary, EBRT is a promising choice of treatment of HCC. However, more high-quality evidence is needed to further establish the status of EBRT for the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area)
- Postgraduate College, Jinzhou Medical University
- Department of Gastroenterology, No. 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA
| | - Chuan Li
- Section of Medical Service, General Hospital of Norther Northern Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area)
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area)
| | - Fernando Gomes Romeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
| | - Andrea Mancuso
- Epatologiae Gastroenterologia, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda
- Medicina Internal, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ad Alta Specializzazione Civico - Di Cristina - Benfratelli
| | - Zhirui Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | | | - Ying Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area)
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area)
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area)
| | - Lichun Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, No. 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area)
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26
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Nam HC, Sung PS, Song DS, Kwon JH, Nam SW, Yoon DJ, Jang JW, Choi JY, Yoon SK, Moon SW, Jang HS, Park JS, Jeun SS, Hong YK, Bae SH. Control of intracranial disease is associated with improved survival in patients with brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:666-676. [PMID: 30788672 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis is a rare event in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This retrospective study aimed to identify the prognostic factors and determine the outcomes of patients with brain metastases from HCC. METHODS About 86 patients with brain metastases (0.6%) from HCC were identified from two institutions; of them, 32 underwent tumor-removing surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with or without adjuvant whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) (group 1), 30 had WBRT alone (group 2), and 24 received conservative treatment (group 3). Estimates for overall survival (OS) after brain metastases were determined, and clinical prognostic factors were identified. RESULTS The median OS after development of brain metastases was 50 days. About 75 (87.2%) patients had lung metastases at the time of brain metastasis diagnosis. Group 1 showed better OS, followed by group 2 and group 3, sequentially (p < 0.001). Univariate analyses showed that treatment with curative intent (surgery or SRS), Child-Pugh class A, alpha-fetoprotein level < 400 ng/ml, and recursive partitioning analysis classification I or II were associated with improved survival (p < 0.001, 0.002, 0.029, and 0.012, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that treatment with curative intent and Child-Pugh class A was associated with improved OS (p < 0.001 and 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION Although the overall prognosis of patients with brain metastases from HCC is extremely poor, patients actively treated with surgery or radiosurgery have prolonged survival, suggesting that interventions to control intracranial disease are important in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chul Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Seon Song
- The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kwon
- The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon Woo Nam
- The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Whan Moon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Seok Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Kil Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Predictive value of a nomogram for hepatocellular carcinoma with brain metastasis at initial diagnosis: A population-based study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209293. [PMID: 30601858 PMCID: PMC6314620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Population-based estimates of the incidence and prognosis of brain metastases at diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence proportion and survival of newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma with brain metastases (HCCBM). Materials and methods Data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program between 2010 and 2014 was evaluated. Patients with HCCBM were included. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression were performed to identify predictors of the presence of brain metastases at diagnosis and prognostic factors of overall survival (OS). We also built a nomogram based on Cox model to predict prognosis for HCCBM patients. Results We identified 97 patients with brain metastases at the time of diagnosis of HCC, representing 0.33% of the entire cohort. Logistic regression showed patients with bone or lung metastases had greater odds of having brain metastases at diagnosis. Median OS for HCCBM was 2.40 months. Cox regression revealed unmarried and bone metastases patients suffered significantly shorter survival time. A nomogram was developed with internal validation concordance index of 0.639. Conclusions This study provided population-based estimates of the incidence and prognosis for HCCBM patients. The nomogram could be a convenient individualized predictive tool for prognosis.
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Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are the most commonly diagnosed type of central nervous system tumor in the United States. Estimates of the frequency of BM vary significantly, as there is no nationwide reporting system for metastases. BM may be the first sign of a previously undiagnosed cancer, or occur years or decades after the primary cancer was diagnosed. Incidence of BM varies significantly by primary cancer site. Lung, breast, and melanoma continue to be the leading cause of BM. These tumors are increasingly more common as new therapeutics, advanced imaging, and improved screening have led to lengthened survival after primary diagnosis for cancer patients. BM are difficult to treat, and for most individuals the diagnosis of BM generally portends a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Ostrom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christina Huang Wright
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Clinical outcomes of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study and a literature review. Int J Clin Oncol 2018; 23:1095-1100. [PMID: 29968168 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-018-1312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of systemic chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in recent years has led to the prediction that cases of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma will increase. However, because brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma are relatively rare, the characteristics of this pathology are poorly understood. METHODS We carried out a multicenter retrospective study to verify the characteristics of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. RESULTS A total of 38 patients were enrolled and patient characteristics were poor general condition in many patients due to the progression of primary cancers. Stereotactic radiosurgery/stereotactic radiotherapy alone was the most common treatment (39.5%), with best supportive care provided for 10.5%. Median survival was 6 months, the neurological death rate was 28%, and the rate of brain hemorrhage was high (39.5%). Overall survival was analyzed for correlations with age, etiology of chronic liver disease, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade, RPA classification, control of the primary tumor, number of brain metastases, brain hemorrhage, surgical resection, and radiotherapy. In multivariate analysis, ALBI grade, number of brain metastases and brain hemorrhage showed statistically significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS A multivariate analysis extracted three items-ALBI grade, number of brain metastases, and brain hemorrhage-as prognostic factors for survival of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Ogino A, Hirai T, Serizawa T, Yoshino A. Clinical features of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma using gamma knife surgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018; 160:997-1003. [PMID: 29500607 PMCID: PMC5897455 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-018-3504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rare, but their incidence is increasing because of developments in recent therapeutic advances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of brain metastases from HCC, to evaluate the predictive factors, and to assess the efficacy of gamma knife surgery (GKS). Method A retrospective study was performed on patients with brain metastases from HCC who were treated at Tokyo Gamma Unit Center from 2005 to 2014. Results Nineteen patients were identified. The median age at diagnosis of brain metastases was 67.0 years. Fifteen patients were male and four patients were female. Six patients were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Two patients were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Eleven patients were not infected with HBV or HCV. The median interval from the diagnosis of HCC to brain metastases was 32.0 months. The median number of brain metastases was two. The median Karnofsky performance score at first GKS was 70. The median survival time following brain metastases was 21.0 weeks. Six-month and 1-year survival rates were 41.2 and 0%, respectively. One month after GKS, no tumor showed progressive disease. The HBV infection (positive vs. negative) was significantly associated with survival according to univariate analysis (p = 0.002). Conclusions The patients having brain metastases from HCC had poor prognosis and low performance state. Therefore, GKS is an acceptable option for controlling brain metastases from HCC because GKS is noninvasive remedy and local control is reasonable.
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Li P, Yu Z, He L, Zhou D, Xie S, Hou H, Geng X. Knockdown of FOXK1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 92:270-276. [PMID: 28551547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXK1 (forkhead box k1), a member of the FOX family, is overexpressed in several types of solid tumors. However, the biological function of FOXK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the expression status and functional roles of FOXK1 in HCC. Our results demonstrated that the expression of FOXK1 was significantly up-regulated in human HCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, down-regulation of FOXK1 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro, as well as attenuated tumor growth in nude mice model. We further elucidated that knockdown of FOXK1 down-regulated the protein expression levels of β-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the present study indicated that FOXK1 may act as an oncogene in human HCC, and knockdown of FOXK1 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, partly through the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings suggest that FOXK1 may be a novel therapeutic target to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongshan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Liang He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Dachen Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Shengxue Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Hui Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
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Bevacizumab and risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with brain metastases: a meta-analysis. J Neurooncol 2017; 137:49-56. [PMID: 29170906 PMCID: PMC5846997 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Administration of bevacizumab to patients with brain metastases (BM) is controversial due to concerns about the increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). This meta-analysis assessed whether the risk of ICH increases in BM patients receiving treatments that contain bevacizumab versus without. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and annual meeting abstracts of the American Society of Clinical Oncology up to 13 November 2016 were searched for studies that referred to ICH complications due to bevacizumab in patients with BM. Eight studies involving 8713 patients were included in this analysis. Compared with the control arm without bevacizumab, the bevacizumab treatment arm did not exhibit a significant increase in ICH [odds ratio (OR) 1.20; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.69–2.09; P = 0.53]. Subgroup analyses with retrospective studies showed a similar result, although subgroup analyses with prospective studies failed. This meta-analysis revealed that bevacizumab does not significantly increase the risk of ICH in solid tumor patients with BM.
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Mastroeni D, Nolz J, Sekar S, Delvaux E, Serrano G, Cuyugan L, Liang WS, Beach TG, Rogers J, Coleman PD. Laser-captured microglia in the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's brain reveal unique regional expression profiles and suggest a potential role for hepatitis B in the Alzheimer's brain. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 63:12-21. [PMID: 29207277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Expression array data from dozens of laboratories, including our own, show significant changes in expression of many genes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared with normal controls. These data typically rely on brain homogenates, and information about transcripts specific to microglia and other central nervous system (CNS) cell types, which far outnumber microglia-specific transcripts, is lost. We therefore used single-cell laser capture methods to assess the full range of microglia-specific expression changes that occur in different brain regions (substantia nigra and hippocampus CA1) and disease states (AD, Parkinson's disease, and normal controls). Two novel pathways, neuronal repair and viral processing were identified. Based on KEGG analysis (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, a collection of biological pathways), one of the most significant viruses was hepatitis B virus (HBV) (false discovery rate < 0.00000001). Immunohistochemical analysis using HBV-core antibody in HBV-positive control, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and HBV-positive AD cases show increased HBV immunoreactivity as disease pathology increases. These results are the first, to our knowledge, to show regional differences in human microglia. In addition, these data reveal new functions for microglia and suggest a novel risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Mastroeni
- Biodesign, ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- Biodesign, ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shobana Sekar
- Translational Genomics Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Elaine Delvaux
- Biodesign, ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Geidy Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Lori Cuyugan
- Translational Genomics Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul D Coleman
- Biodesign, ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
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Sartori Balbinot R, Facco Muscope AL, Dal Castel M, Sartori Balbinot S, Angelo Balbinot R, Soldera J. Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage due to Brain Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2017; 11:516-525. [PMID: 29033772 PMCID: PMC5637007 DOI: 10.1159/000479221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are present in only 5–15% of cases, they are certainly factors associated with poor prognosis. The main sites include lung, lymph nodes, bones, and adrenal glands, in descending order. Metastasis in the central nervous system is extremely rare, and the incidences vary from 0.6 to 1.7%. We report a case of a 54-year-old man previously diagnosed with alcohol-induced cirrhosis of the liver and HCC. The patient was admitted presenting progressive left hemiparesis and headache which started 2 days earlier, with no history of cranioencephalic trauma. After admission, cranial computed tomography revealed an intraparenchymal hemorrhage area with surrounding edema in the right frontal lobe. An angioresonance requested showed a large extra-axial mass lesion located in the right frontal region with well-defined contours and predominantly hypointense signal on T2 sequence. At first, the radiological findings suggested meningioma as the first diagnostic hypothesis. However, the patient underwent surgery. The tumor was completely removed, and the morphological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with metastatic hepatocarcinoma associated with meningioma. In postoperative care, the patient did not recover from the left hemiparesis and manifested Broca's aphasia. He had a survival time of 24 weeks, presenting acute liver failure as his cause of death. There is a lack of evidence supporting a specific management of patients with brain metastasis from HCC. Furthermore, there are no studies that evaluate different modalities of therapeutics in brain metastasis of HCC due to the rarity of this condition. Therefore, management must be individualized depending on probable prognostic factors in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mateus Dal Castel
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sartori Balbinot
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.,Clinical Gastroenterology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Angelo Balbinot
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.,Clinical Gastroenterology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Soldera
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lin Y, Huang ST, Jiang YM, Pan XB. Hemorrhage of brain metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93245-93250. [PMID: 29190994 PMCID: PMC5696260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether hemorrhage of brain metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare overall survival between hemorrhage and no-hemorrhage groups of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with brain metastasis. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients with brain metastasis treated between June 2000 and June 2016 at the Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics and overall survival were compared between patients with (n = 11) and without (n = 25) hemorrhage of brain metastasis. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed hemorrhage to be a poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 5.812, 95% confidence interval: 1.399-24.142, p = 0.015). Patients with hemorrhage had a shorter median survival than those without hemorrhage (4 weeks vs 8 weeks, p = 0.001). These results suggest hemorrhage of brain metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ming Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Bin Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
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Wang S, Wang A, Lin J, Xie Y, Wu L, Huang H, Bian J, Yang X, Wan X, Zhao H, Huang J. Brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: recent advances and future avenues. Oncotarget 2017; 8:25814-25829. [PMID: 28445959 PMCID: PMC5421971 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (BMHCC) is becoming more frequent than that of the past as a result of prolonged survival of patients with HCC. Compared with brain metastases from other types of cancer, BMHCC tends to exhibit a high incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and poor liver function. Unfortunately, the prognosis is extremely poor for patients with BMHCC owing to the limited treatment selection. Currently, optimal treatment requires multidisciplinary approaches including surgery, whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. Besides these traditional approaches, novel treatments such as target therapy and immunotherapy provide an opportunity to improve the survival of these patients. This review provides an overview of the incidence, characteristics, prognosis, and current and potential future management strategies for BMHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anqiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liangcai Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanchun Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Bian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueshuai Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Hirata A, Kaneko A, Ishigami A, Miyamoto Y, Yamanaka A, Owaki K, Sakai H, Yanai T, Suzuki J. Hepatocellular carcinoma with intracranial metastasis in a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). J Med Primatol 2017; 46:93-100. [PMID: 28369930 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 23-year-old male Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) showed left ptosis, which progressed to exophthalmos. METHODS The macaque underwent a clinical examination, CT and MRI, and was euthanized. Necropsy and histopathological examination were performed after euthanasia. RESULTS The CT revealed and MRI confirmed an intracranial mass at the skull base with orbital extension. At necropsy, there were a large hepatic mass and an intracranial mass compressing the left temporal lobe of the brain. Histopathological and immunohistological examinations revealed that the masses were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a metastatic lesion. In both the primary and metastatic lesions, neoplastic hepatocytes were arranged mainly in a trabecular pattern. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3 and CAM5.2) and hepatocyte paraffin 1 and negative for cytokeratin 7 and 20 and vimentin. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first case report of HCC with intracranial metastasis in a macaque.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiyo Ishigami
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyamoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Keishi Owaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tokuma Yanai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Juri Suzuki
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
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Kamimura K, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi Y, Abe H, Kumaki D, Yokoo T, Kamimura H, Sakai N, Sakamaki A, Abe S, Takamura M, Kawai H, Yamagiwa S, Terai S. Tumor markers for early diagnosis for brain metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case series and literature review for effective loco-regional treatment. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:79-84. [PMID: 28045618 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1276134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been controlled by significant advances in treatment using loco-regional therapies, including, surgery, ablative therapy, catheter-based chemotherapy, and embolization. Consequently, the number of patients with extrahepatic metastatic lesions has increased. Their prognosis remains poor with approximately <1 y of survival from the time of diagnosis. A molecularly targeted drug, sorafenib, have been used to treat extrahepatic lesions and shown the prolonged survival time. However, the therapeutic benefit for the brain metastasis remains unclear, since it causes intratumor bleeding leading to the severe brain damage. No guidelines for the brain metastasis of HCC have been developed to date due to the shortage of the experiences and evidences. Therefore, the development of standard therapy for brain metastasis following the early diagnosis is essential by accumulating the information of clinical courses and evidences. For this purpose, we reviewed cases of HCC brain metastasis reported to date and analyzed additional 8 cases from our hospital, reviewing 592 advanced HCC cases to estimate the possible metastatic lesions in the brain. With careful review of cases and literature, we suggest that the cases with lung metastasis with increase tendency of tumor markers within recent 3-6 months have higher risks of brain metastasis. Therefore, they should be carefully followed by imaging modalities. In addition, the loco-regional treatment, including surgical resection and radiation therapy should be performed for better prognosis by preventing re-bleeding from the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Kamimura
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takahashi
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Daisuke Kumaki
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Hiroteru Kamimura
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Norihiro Sakai
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Akira Sakamaki
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Masaaki Takamura
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawai
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagiwa
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata , Japan
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Lee HJ, Maeng YH, Jeong J, Chung YN, Lee CS, Song BC. Occipital Lobe Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting as Homonymous Hemianopia. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2017.58.4.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young Hee Maeng
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jinho Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - You-Nam Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chang Sub Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Byung-Cheol Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Zeremski V, Mawrin C, Fischer T, Schalk E. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in extragonadal yolk sac tumor with hepatoid differentiation: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 6:79-82. [PMID: 28123734 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare aggressive tumors, arising most commonly in the gonads and occurring mainly in young adults. We herein report a case of an extragonadal YST with hepatoid differentiation localized in the brain and lung. A 41-year old man presented to our hospital with a generalized seizure. A head computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed a large mass in the left occipital lobe with associated edema. Following complete resection, the histopathological examination revealed that the mass was a highly malignant epithelial tumor with a hepatoid pattern. The serum lactate dehydrogenase and α-fetoprotein levels were elevated. Additional diagnostic imaging revealed a lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung, but no other tumor manifestations. Based on the clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics, hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoid adenocarcinoma were excluded and the diagnosis of extragonadal hepatoid YST was established. A multimodal therapeutic approach (high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation, radiation and surgery) was applied; however, the patient succumbed to refractory disease 10 months after the diagnosis. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of hepatoid YST is an interdisciplinary challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Zeremski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Enrico Schalk
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Rim CH, Seong J. Application of radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in current clinical practice guidelines. Radiat Oncol J 2016; 34:160-167. [PMID: 27730805 PMCID: PMC5066447 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2016.01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In oncologic practice, treatment guidelines provide appropriate treatment strategies based on evidence. Currently, many guidelines are used, including those of the European Association for the Study of the Liver and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EASL-EORTC), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert (APPLE), and Korean Liver Cancer Study Group and National Cancer Centre (KLCSG-NCC). Although radiotherapy is commonly used in clinical practice, some guidelines do not accept it as a standard treatment modality. In this review, we will investigate the clinical practice guidelines currently used, and discuss the application of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hong Rim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi J, Kim JW, Keum YS, Lee IJ. The Largest Known Survival Analysis of Patients with Brain Metastasis from Thyroid Cancer Based on Prognostic Groups. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154739. [PMID: 27128487 PMCID: PMC4851375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the clinical features and prognostic factors associated with the survival of patients with a very rare occurrence of brain metastasis (BM) from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 37 patients with DTC who were diagnosed with BM between 1995 and 2014 were included. We reviewed the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and image findings of BM. Factors associated with survival were evaluated, and the patients were divided into three prognostic groups (Groups A, B, and C) for comparative analysis. RESULTS The median age at BM was 63 years, and the median time from initial thyroid cancer diagnosis to BM was 3.8 years. The median survival and the 1-year actuarial survival rate after BM were 8.8 months and 47%, respectively. According to univariate and multivariate analyses, four good prognostic factors (GPFs) were identified including age ≤ 60 years, PS ≤ ECOG 2, ≤ 3 BM sites, and without extracranial metastasis prior to BM. Three prognostic groups were designed based on age and number of remaining GPFs: patients ≤ 60 years of age with at least 2 GPFs (Group A) had the most favorable prognosis with a median survival of 32.8 months; patients ≤ 60 years of age with fewer than 2 GPFs and those > 60 years of age with at least 2 GPFs (Group B) had an intermediate prognosis with a median survival of 9.4 months; and patients > 60 years of age with fewer than 2 GPFs (Group C) had the least favorable prognosis with a median survival of 1.5 months. CONCLUSIONS The survival of patients with BM form DTC differed among the prognostic groups based on the total number of good prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Won Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Sup Keum
- Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Yamakawa Y, Moriguchi M, Aramaki T, Mitsuya K, Asakura K, Sawada A, Endo M, Nakasu Y. Brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: The impact of radiotherapy on control of intracranial hemorrhage. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:1071-5. [PMID: 25470452 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare and causes devastating outcomes with intracranial hemorrhage. We retrospectively analyzed the impact of radiotherapy in preventing hemorrhagic events among patients with brain metastasis from HCC. METHODS Patients who underwent treatment for brain metastasis from HCC at our cancer center between January 2003 and December 2012 were identified from a prospectively compiled hospital database. Clinical characteristics were analyzed in patients with and without radiotherapy. RESULTS Fifteen HCC patients with brain metastasis from HCC were classified into two groups: 11 patients underwent radiotherapy (group R) and four patients received best supportive care without radiotherapy (group N). Six patients (54.5%) in group R and four patients (100%) in group N showed intracranial hemorrhage at presentation of brain metastasis. No patients in group R experienced intracranial hemorrhage during follow up, although two patients in group N did. Median overall survival was 22.4 weeks (range, 5.42-69.1) in group R and 2.24 weeks (range, 1.0-15.4) in group N. CONCLUSION For patients with brain metastasis from HCC, radiotherapy appears useful for controlling brain lesions, preventing intracranial hemorrhage and improving survival. Radiotherapy may contribute to control of intracranial tumor and prevention of intracranial hemorrhage for selected patients with brain metastasis from HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Yamakawa
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aramaki
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Mitsuya
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koiku Asakura
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sawada
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Endo
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakasu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
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Park Y, Kim KS, Kim K, Chie EK, Kim JH, Kim JS, Kim TH, Kim DY, Jang WI, Kim MS, Koo TR, Chang AR. Nomogram prediction of survival in patients with brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma treated with whole-brain radiotherapy: a multicenter retrospective study. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:377-83. [PMID: 26342711 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing because of the improved survival outcome of HCC patients, but the prognosis of these patients is extremely poor. HCC patients with brain metastasis were investigated to identify their prognostic factors for overall survival. Patients with brain metastasis from HCC who had been treated with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in five hospitals were enrolled in the study. The medical records of the patients were reviewed, and the clinical factors were analyzed to identify the prognostic factors for overall survival. Of the total of 97 patients who were enrolled in the study, 83 were male and the median age at the brain metastases was 56.6 years. Motor weakness (43.3 %) and headache (41.2 %) were common presenting symptoms. The median AFP level was 4180 ng/ml, and 81 patients were assessed as belonging to Child-Pugh classification A upon the diagnosis of brain metastasis. WBRT alone in 71 patients, surgery or radiosurgery combined with WBRT as the adjuvant setting in 18 patients, and WBRT as salvage treatment in 8 patients were performed. The median overall survival of the patients was 3.5 months. In the multivariate analysis, the ECOG performance status (PS), Child-Pugh classification, AFP, and treatment aim showed significant association with the overall survival of the patients. Based on these factors, a nomogram predicting the prognosis was developed. The concordance index of the nomogram was 0.74, and the prediction was well calibrated. In conclusion, the survival outcome of patients with brain metastasis from HCC can be predicted with the nomogram constructed from the ECOG PS, Child-Pugh classification, AFP, and treatment aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghee Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui Kyu Chie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Center for Proton Therapy, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Kim
- Center for Proton Therapy, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryool Koo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Ram Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Patients with brain metastases derived from gastrointestinal cancer: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:93-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of brain metastases from gastrointestinal primaries. J Neurooncol 2015; 124:439-46. [PMID: 26186901 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases from gastrointestinal (GI) primary malignancies are generally less common than those arising from other primary locations. Our purpose was to analyze the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the treatment of patients with brain metastases from GI malignancies in the modern radiosurgical and systemic therapy era. A review of patients treated with SRS to brain metastases from GI primaries treated from 1996 to 2015 at our institution was conducted. Clinical, therapeutic, dosimetric and radiographic characteristics were collected and analyzed for an association with brain tumor local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) following SRS using univariate and multivariate (MVA) analyses. 261 brain metastases were identified from 86 patients meeting inclusion criteria. The most common primary location was rectum (n = 36). LC was 94.1 % at last follow up and margin dose ≥20 Gy was associated with improved LC on MVA (p = 0.038). Median OS was 6.2 months and was improved with higher performance score and luminal primary location on MVA (p = 0.002 and 0.015, respectively). Tumor histology, whole brain irradiation, targeted therapies, and antineoplastic therapies were not associated with improved LC or OS on MVA. SRS provides favorable LC of brain metastases of GI origin, and margin doses of at least 20 Gy should be considered when clinically appropriate. Compared to non-luminal primaries, patients with brain metastases from a luminal primary demonstrate improved OS.
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2014 KLCSG-NCC Korea Practice Guideline for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gut Liver 2015; 9:267-317. [PMID: 25918260 PMCID: PMC4413964 DOI: 10.5009/gnl14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The guideline for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was first developed in 2003 and revised in 2009 by the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group and the National Cancer Center, Korea. Since then, many studies on HCC have been carried out in Korea and other countries. In particular, a substantial body of knowledge has been accumulated on diagnosis, staging, and treatment specific to Asian characteristics, especially Koreans, prompting the proposal of new strategies. Accordingly, the new guideline presented herein was developed on the basis of recent evidence and expert opinions. The primary targets of this guideline are patients with suspicious or newly diagnosed HCC. This guideline provides recommendations for the initial treatment of patients with newly diagnosed HCC.
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2014 Korean Liver Cancer Study Group-National Cancer Center Korea practice guideline for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Korean J Radiol 2015; 16:465-522. [PMID: 25995680 PMCID: PMC4435981 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.3.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The guideline for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was first developed in 2003 and revised in 2009 by the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group and the National Cancer Center, Korea. Since then, many studies on HCC have been carried out in Korea and other countries. In particular, a substantial body of knowledge has been accumulated on diagnosis, staging, and treatment specific to Asian characteristics, especially Koreans, prompting the proposal of new strategies. Accordingly, the new guideline presented herein was developed on the basis of recent evidence and expert opinions. The primary targets of this guideline are patients with suspicious or newly diagnosed HCC. This guideline provides recommendations for the initial treatment of patients with newly diagnosed HCC.
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50
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Jang SY, Kim CH, Cheong JH, Kim JM. Concomitant Subdural Hemorrhage and Intracerebral Hemorrhage due to Brain Metastasis of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2015; 3:48-51. [PMID: 25977908 PMCID: PMC4426278 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2015.3.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic metastatic brain tumors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rare and have been mostly presented as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). A 51-year-old male patient presented with sudden altered level of consciousness. He suffered from HCC since 2010 and transarterial chemoembolization was performed three times for HCC. The brain computed tomography (CT) scans revealed subdural hematoma (SDH) in the right fronto-temporal area and 6.0×3.5 cm sized ICH in the right parieto-occipital lobe. Brain angiographic CT scans demonstrated that the hemorrhagic lesions did not include any enhancing lesions and vascular abnormalities. We undertook a decompressive craniectomy and evacuation of the acute SDH and ICH. During evacuation of ICH, the yellowish mass was observed in the cortical surface of the right occipital lobe. Pathological examination displayed the findings of metastatic brain tumor from HCC. Metastatic brain tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis as a cause of spontaneous SDH with ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Youn Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
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