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Lee ZY, Lee WH, Lim JS, Ali AAA, Loo JSE, Wibowo A, Mohammat MF, Foo JB. Golgi apparatus targeted therapy in cancer: Are we there yet? Life Sci 2024; 352:122868. [PMID: 38936604 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking within the Golgi apparatus plays a pivotal role in the intracellular transportation of lipids and proteins. Dysregulation of this process can give rise to various pathological manifestations, including cancer. Exploiting Golgi defects, cancer cells capitalise on aberrant membrane trafficking to facilitate signal transduction, proliferation, invasion, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Despite the identification of several molecular signalling pathways associated with Golgi abnormalities, there remains a lack of approved drugs specifically targeting cancer cells through the manipulation of the Golgi apparatus. In the initial section of this comprehensive review, the focus is directed towards delineating the abnormal Golgi genes and proteins implicated in carcinogenesis. Subsequently, a thorough examination is conducted on the impact of these variations on Golgi function, encompassing aspects such as vesicular trafficking, glycosylation, autophagy, oxidative mechanisms, and pH alterations. Lastly, the review provides a current update on promising Golgi apparatus-targeted inhibitors undergoing preclinical and/or clinical trials, offering insights into their potential as therapeutic interventions. Significantly more effort is required to advance these potential inhibitors to benefit patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Hwei Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Sheng Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afiqah Ali Ajmel Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jason Siau Ee Loo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agustono Wibowo
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Chen L, Wang C, Chen X, Wu Y, Chen M, Deng X, Qiu C. GOLPH3 inhibits erastin-induced ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1198-1211. [PMID: 38825780 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death and is considered to be a druggable target for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. However, the role of ferroptosis in CRC and its underlying mechanism are not fully understood. In the present study we found that a protein enriched in the Golgi apparatus, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), was overexpressed in human CRC tissue and in several CRC cell lines. The expression of GOLPH3 was significantly correlated with the expression of ferroptosis-related genes in CRC. The overexpression of GOLPH3 in Erastin-induced Caco-2 CRC cells reduced ferroptotic phenotypes, whereas the knockdown of GOLPH3 potentiated ferroptosis in HT-29 CRC cells. GOLPH3 induced the expression of prohibitin-1 (PHB1) and prohibitin-2 (PHB2), which also inhibited ferroptosis in Erastin-treated CRC cells. Moreover, GOLPH3 interacted with PHB2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in Caco-2 cells. These observations indicate that GOLPH3 is a negative regulator of ferroptosis in CRC cells. GOLPH3 protects these cells from ferroptosis by inducing the expression of PHB1 and PHB2, and by interacting with PHB2 and NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuze Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xian Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chengzhi Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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3
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Gutiérrez-Galindo E, Yilmaz ZH, Hausser A. Membrane trafficking in breast cancer progression: protein kinase D comes into play. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173387. [PMID: 37293129 PMCID: PMC10246754 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family that controls important cellular functions, most notably playing a key role in the secretory pathway at the trans-Golgi network. Aberrant expression of PKD isoforms has been found mainly in breast cancer, where it promotes various cellular processes such as growth, invasion, survival and stem cell maintenance. In this review, we discuss the isoform-specific functions of PKD in breast cancer progression, with a particular focus on how the PKD controlled cellular processes might be linked to deregulated membrane trafficking and secretion. We further highlight the challenges of a therapeutic approach targeting PKD to prevent breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Hazal Yilmaz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Huang A, Wang R, Cui J, Gao Y, Yin Z, Chen L, He M, Li W. Golgi Phosphoprotein 3 Promotes Colon Cancer Cell Metastasis Through STAT3 and Integrin α3 Pathways. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:808152. [PMID: 35372504 PMCID: PMC8968920 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.808152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) overexpression was recently reported to be associated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying molecular mechanism through which GOLPH3 promotes CRC metastasis remains poorly understood. Methods:In vitro genetic ablation of GOLPH3 was performed using siRNA transfection, and a stably overexpressed GOLPH3 colon cancer cell line was constructed using the lentivirus system. Cell invasion and migration assays were conducted with or without Matrigel. Immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were utilized to study the expression level of GOLPH3, ZEB1, integrin α3 and phosphorylation level of STAT3, AKT/mTOR and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate the interaction between GOLPH3 and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) or total STAT3. Results: Overexpression of GOLPH3 was found in CRC tissues and colon cancer cell lines. Knockdown of GOLPH3 using siRNAs significantly suppressed the invasion and migration of HCT116 and HCT8 cells. In contrast, the overexpression of GOLPH3 promoted the migratory and invasive ability of colon cancer cells. The phosphorylation level of STAT3 as well as the protein and mRNA levels of ZEB1 and integrin α3, were significantly decreased after GOLPH3 knockdown. Moreover, Integrin α3 expression was correlated with GOLPH3 expression in CRC tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that GOLPH3 interacted with pSTAT3 (Tyr705) and total STAT3. Our further experiments suggested that GOLPH3 facilitated IL-6 induced STAT3 activation and subsequently induced transcription of integrin α3 and ZEB1, which promoted the metastasis and progression of CRC. Conclusion: Our current work demonstrates that GOLPH3 facilitates STAT3 activation and regulates the expression of EMT transcription factor ZEB1 and Integrin α3 in colon cancer cells. These findings indicate that GOLPH3 plays a critical role in CRC metastasis and might be a new therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anpei Huang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianzhou Chen
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifang He
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meifang He, ; Wen Li,
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meifang He, ; Wen Li,
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Komut N, Bektaş S, EmineYıldırım. The relationship of tumor budding with GOLPH3 expression and histopathological prognostic parameters in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 58:151933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.151933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sechi S, Karimpour-Ghahnavieh A, Frappaolo A, Di Francesco L, Piergentili R, Schininà E, D’Avino PP, Giansanti MG. Identification of GOLPH3 Partners in Drosophila Unveils Potential Novel Roles in Tumorigenesis and Neural Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092336. [PMID: 34571985 PMCID: PMC8468827 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is a highly conserved peripheral membrane protein localized to the Golgi apparatus and the cytosol. GOLPH3 binding to Golgi membranes depends on phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and regulates Golgi architecture and vesicle trafficking. GOLPH3 overexpression has been correlated with poor prognosis in several cancers, but the molecular mechanisms that link GOLPH3 to malignant transformation are poorly understood. We recently showed that PI(4)P-GOLPH3 couples membrane trafficking with contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis in dividing Drosophila spermatocytes. Here, we use affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to identify the protein-protein interaction network (interactome) of Drosophila GOLPH3 in testes. Analysis of the GOLPH3 interactome revealed enrichment for proteins involved in vesicle-mediated trafficking, cell proliferation and cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we found that dGOLPH3 interacts with the Drosophila orthologs of Fragile X mental retardation protein and Ataxin-2, suggesting a potential role in the pathophysiology of disorders of the nervous system. Our findings suggest novel molecular targets associated with GOLPH3 that might be relevant for therapeutic intervention in cancers and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sechi
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Angela Karimpour-Ghahnavieh
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Anna Frappaolo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Laura Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.D.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Roberto Piergentili
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.D.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Pier Paolo D’Avino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK;
| | - Maria Grazia Giansanti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-064-991-2555
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7
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Arriagada C, Cavieres VA, Luchsinger C, González AE, Muñoz VC, Cancino J, Burgos PV, Mardones GA. GOLPH3 Regulates EGFR in T98G Glioblastoma Cells by Modulating Its Glycosylation and Ubiquitylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8880. [PMID: 33238647 PMCID: PMC7700535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein trafficking is altered when normal cells acquire a tumor phenotype. A key subcellular compartment in regulating protein trafficking is the Golgi apparatus, but its role in carcinogenesis is still not well defined. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), a peripheral membrane protein mostly localized at the trans-Golgi network, is overexpressed in several tumor types including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most lethal primary brain tumor. Moreover, GOLPH3 is currently considered an oncoprotein, however its precise function in GBM is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed in T98G cells of GBM, which express high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the effect of stable RNAi-mediated knockdown of GOLPH3. We found that silencing GOLPH3 caused a significant reduction in the proliferation of T98G cells and an unexpected increase in total EGFR levels, even at the cell surface, which was however less prone to ligand-induced autophosphorylation. Furthermore, silencing GOLPH3 decreased EGFR sialylation and fucosylation, which correlated with delayed ligand-induced EGFR downregulation and its accumulation at endo-lysosomal compartments. Finally, we found that EGF failed at promoting EGFR ubiquitylation when the levels of GOLPH3 were reduced. Altogether, our results show that GOLPH3 in T98G cells regulates the endocytic trafficking and activation of EGFR likely by affecting its extent of glycosylation and ubiquitylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arriagada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.A.); (V.A.C.); (C.L.); (A.E.G.); (V.C.M.)
| | - Viviana A. Cavieres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.A.); (V.A.C.); (C.L.); (A.E.G.); (V.C.M.)
| | - Charlotte Luchsinger
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.A.); (V.A.C.); (C.L.); (A.E.G.); (V.C.M.)
| | - Alexis E. González
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.A.); (V.A.C.); (C.L.); (A.E.G.); (V.C.M.)
| | - Vanessa C. Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.A.); (V.A.C.); (C.L.); (A.E.G.); (V.C.M.)
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Center for Cell Biology and Biomedicine, School of Science and Medicine, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510235, Chile; (J.C.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Center for Cell Biology and Biomedicine, School of Science and Medicine, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510235, Chile; (J.C.); (P.V.B.)
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A. Mardones
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.A.); (V.A.C.); (C.L.); (A.E.G.); (V.C.M.)
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Pan L, Duan Y, Ma F, Lou L. Punicalagin inhibits the viability, migration, invasion, and EMT by regulating GOLPH3 in breast cancer cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:173-180. [PMID: 32024401 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1719152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Punicalagin (PN), which is a type of polyphenol, has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PN on cellular process in BC and its molecular mechanism. The effects of various doses of PN on cell viability, migration, and invasion capacities of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by CCK-8, wound-healing, and Transwell assays. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) was then transfected into the cells with or without PN treatment, and GPLPH3 expression level was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, and expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), E-Cadherin, and N-Cadherin were measured by Western blot. High dose of PN treatment (50 μM or higher) significantly inhibited viability, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, while overexpressed GOLPH3 promoted cell viability, migration, and invasion, and partially reversed the effects of PN treatment on the BC cells. PN inhibited the expressions of GOLPH3, MMP-2, MMP-9, and N-Cadherin, and promoted E-Cadherin expression, while overexpression of GOLPH3 partly reversed above effects attributing to PN. Thus, PN suppresses cell viability and metastasis via regulating GOLPH3 in BC, which provides a possible therapeutic direction to the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- The First School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feixia Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lou
- The First School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Oncogenic Roles of GOLPH3 in the Physiopathology of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030933. [PMID: 32023813 PMCID: PMC7037725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), a Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate [PI(4)P] effector at the Golgi, is required for Golgi ribbon structure maintenance, vesicle trafficking and Golgi glycosylation. GOLPH3 has been validated as an oncoprotein through combining integrative genomics with clinopathological and functional analyses. It is frequently amplified in several solid tumor types including melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and colorectal cancer. Overexpression of GOLPH3 correlates with poor prognosis in multiple tumor types including 52% of breast cancers and 41% to 53% of glioblastoma. Roles of GOLPH3 in tumorigenesis may correlate with several cellular activities including: (i) regulating Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking and contributing to malignant secretory phenotypes; (ii) controlling the internalization and recycling of key signaling molecules or increasing the glycosylation of cancer relevant glycoproteins; and (iii) influencing the DNA damage response and maintenance of genomic stability. Here we summarize current knowledge on the oncogenic pathways involving GOLPH3 in human cancer, GOLPH3 influence on tumor metabolism and surrounding stroma, and its possible role in tumor metastasis formation.
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10
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Shi W, Feng W, Wang J, Zhai C, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Song Y, Yan X, Chai L, Liu P, Chen Y, Li C, Li M. Clinicopathologic Features and Prognostic Implications of Golgi Phosphoprotein 3 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:5754-5763. [PMID: 31737112 PMCID: PMC6843888 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A number of studies have investigated the role of Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3) in the pathogenesis and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the results of previous studies are heterogeneous and controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify its association with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients and evaluate the prognostic significance of GOLPH3 in NSCLC. Methods: A systematic search was conducted through PMC, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang database. The odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % CI were calculated by STATA 12.0. Results: 8 qualified studies with a total of 1001 patients with NSCLC were included. Pooled results showed that GOLPH3 was highly expressed in tumor tissues compared with adjacent lung tissues (OR, 7.55), and overexpression of GOLPH3 was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage (OR, 3.42), poor differentiation of tumor (OR, 1.97) and positive lymph node metastasis (OR, 2.58), but no association with histological type, gender, age or tumor size was found in NSCLC patients. In addition, the pooled HR for overall survival was 1.79 by univariate analysis and 1.91 by multivariate analysis. The pooled HR for progression-free survival was 2.50. Conclusions: GOLPH3 could be a risk factor for progression of NSCLC and might act as a potential prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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11
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The Great Escape: how phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases and PI4P promote vesicle exit from the Golgi (and drive cancer). Biochem J 2019; 476:2321-2346. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is a membrane glycerophospholipid and a major regulator of the characteristic appearance of the Golgi complex as well as its vesicular trafficking, signalling and metabolic functions. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, and in particular the PI4KIIIβ isoform, act in concert with PI4P to recruit macromolecular complexes to initiate the biogenesis of trafficking vesicles for several Golgi exit routes. Dysregulation of Golgi PI4P metabolism and the PI4P protein interactome features in many cancers and is often associated with tumour progression and a poor prognosis. Increased expression of PI4P-binding proteins, such as GOLPH3 or PITPNC1, induces a malignant secretory phenotype and the release of proteins that can remodel the extracellular matrix, promote angiogenesis and enhance cell motility. Aberrant Golgi PI4P metabolism can also result in the impaired post-translational modification of proteins required for focal adhesion formation and cell–matrix interactions, thereby potentiating the development of aggressive metastatic and invasive tumours. Altered expression of the Golgi-targeted PI 4-kinases, PI4KIIIβ, PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ, or the PI4P phosphate Sac1, can also modulate oncogenic signalling through effects on TGN-endosomal trafficking. A Golgi trafficking role for a PIP 5-kinase has been recently described, which indicates that PI4P is not the only functionally important phosphoinositide at this subcellular location. This review charts new developments in our understanding of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase function at the Golgi and how PI4P-dependent trafficking can be deregulated in malignant disease.
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The knocking down of the oncoprotein Golgi phosphoprotein 3 in T98G cells of glioblastoma multiforme disrupts cell migration by affecting focal adhesion dynamics in a focal adhesion kinase-dependent manner. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212321. [PMID: 30779783 PMCID: PMC6380552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is a conserved protein of the Golgi apparatus that in humans has been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the precise function of GOLPH3 in malignant transformation is still unknown. Nevertheless, clinicopathological data shows that in more than a dozen kinds of cancer, including gliomas, GOLPH3 could be found overexpressed, which correlates with poor prognosis. Experimental data shows that overexpression of GOLPH3 leads to transformation of primary cells and to tumor growth enhancement. Conversely, the knocking down of GOLPH3 in GOLPH3-overexpressing tumor cells reduces tumorigenic features, such as cell proliferation and cell migration and invasion. The cumulative evidence indicate that GOLPH3 is an oncoprotein that promotes tumorigenicity by a mechanism that impact at different levels in different types of cells, including the sorting of Golgi glycosyltransferases, signaling pathways, and the actin cytoskeleton. How GOLPH3 connects mechanistically these processes has not been determined yet. Further studies are important to have a more complete understanding of the role of GOLPH3 as oncoprotein. Given the genetic diversity in cancer, a still outstanding aspect is how in this inherent heterogeneity GOLPH3 could possibly exert its oncogenic function. We have aimed to evaluate the contribution of GOLPH3 overexpression in the malignant phenotype of different types of tumor cells. Here, we analyzed the effect on cell migration that resulted from stable, RNAi-mediated knocking down of GOLPH3 in T98G cells of glioblastoma multiforme, a human glioma cell line with unique features. We found that the reduction of GOLPH3 levels produced dramatic changes in cell morphology, involving rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and reduction in the number and dynamics of focal adhesions. These effects correlated with decreased cell migration and invasion due to affected persistence and directionality of cell motility. Moreover, the knocking down of GOLPH3 also caused a reduction in autoactivation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that regulates focal adhesions. Our data support a model in which GOLPH3 in T98G cells promotes cell migration by stimulating the activity of FAK.
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Kuna RS, Field SJ. GOLPH3: a Golgi phosphatidylinositol(4)phosphate effector that directs vesicle trafficking and drives cancer. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:269-275. [PMID: 30266835 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r088328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GOLPH3 is a peripheral membrane protein localized to the Golgi and its vesicles, but its purpose had been unclear. We found that GOLPH3 binds specifically to the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol(4)phosphate [PtdIns(4)P], which functions at the Golgi to promote vesicle exit for trafficking to the plasma membrane. PtdIns(4)P is enriched at the trans-Golgi and so recruits GOLPH3. Here, a GOLPH3 complex is formed when it binds to myosin18A (MYO18A), which binds F-actin. This complex generates a pulling force to extract vesicles from the Golgi; interference with this GOLPH3 complex results in dramatically reduced vesicle trafficking. The GOLPH3 complex has been identified as a driver of cancer in humans, likely through multiple mechanisms that activate secretory trafficking. In this review, we summarize the literature that identifies the nature of the GOLPH3 complex and its role in cancer. We also consider the GOLPH3 complex as a hub with the potential to reveal regulation of the Golgi and suggest the possibility of GOLPH3 complex inhibition as a therapeutic approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya S Kuna
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Seth J Field
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Zhou X, Xie S, Wu S, Qi Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Lu D, Wang X, Dong Y, Liu G, Yang D, Shi Q, Bian W, Yu R. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 promotes glioma progression via inhibiting Rab5-mediated endocytosis and degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1628-1639. [PMID: 28575494 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is associated with worse prognosis of gliomas, but its role and mechanism in glioma progression remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of GOLPH3 in glioma progression. Methods The expression of GOLPH3 in glioma tissues was detected by quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. GOLPH3's effect on glioma progression was examined using cell growth assays and an intracranial glioma model. The effect of GOLPH3 on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stability, endocytosis, and degradation was examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. The activity of Rab5 was checked by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay. Results GOLPH3 was upregulated in gliomas, and its downregulation inhibited glioma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, GOLPH3 depletion dampened EGFR signaling by enhancing EGFR endocytosis, driving EGFR into late endosome and promoting lysosome-mediated degradation. Interestingly, GOLPH3 bound to Rab5 and GOLPH3 downregulation promoted the activation of Rab5. In addition, Rab5 depletion abolished the effect of GOLPH3 on EGFR endocytosis and degradation. Conclusion Our results imply that GOLPH3 promotes glioma cell proliferation via inhibiting Rab5-mediated endocytosis and degradation of EGFR, thereby activating the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. We find a new mechanism by which GOLPH3 promotes tumor progression through regulating cell surface receptor trafficking. Extensive and intensive understanding of the role of GOLPH3 in glioma progression may provide an opportunity to develop a novel molecular therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao Xie
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shishuang Wu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohao Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanzheng Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbin Bian
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yuan Z, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Li S, Pan B, Hua L, Wang Z, Ye C, Lu J, Yu R, Liu H. Inhibition of glioma growth by a GOLPH3 siRNA-loaded cationic liposomes. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:249-260. [PMID: 30105446 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GOLPH3 has been shown to be involved in glioma proliferation. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that GOLPH3 can serve as a target for glioma gene therapy. METHODS During the experiment, cationic liposomes with angiopep-2 (A2-CL) were used to deliver siGOLPH3 crossing the blood-brain barrier and reaching the glioma. RESULTS At the cellular level, the A2-CL/siGOLPH3 could silence GOLPH3 and then effectively inhibited the proliferation of cells. In vivo experiments, using U87-GFP-Luci-bearing BALB/c mouse models, we demonstrated that A2-CL could deliver GOLPH3-siRNA specifically to glioma and effectively inhibit glioma growth. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that GOLPH3 has great potential as a target for the gene therapy of glioma and is of great value in precise medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Yuan
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- General Hospital of Xuzhou Mining Group, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bomin Pan
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Ye
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Liu H, Wang X, Feng B, Tang L, Li W, Zheng X, Liu Y, Peng Y, Zheng G, He Q. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating mTOR signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:661. [PMID: 29914442 PMCID: PMC6006993 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite new technologies in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence and mortality of HCC continue rising. And its pathogenesis is still unclear. As a highly conserved protein of the Golgi apparatus, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis of HCC. This study aimed to explore the exact oncogenic mechanism of GOLPH3 and provide a novel diagnose biomarker and therapeutic strategy for patients with HCC. METHODS Firstly, the expression of GOLPH3 was detected in the HCC tissue specimens and HCC cell lines. Secondly, RNA interference was used for GOLPH3 gene inhibition. Thirdly, cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT; cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin-V/PI staining, Hoechst 33,342 staining and caspase 3/7 activity assay. Fourthly, xenograft tumor model was used to study the function of GOLPH3 in tumor growth in vivo. Finally, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the role of GOLHP3 in the mTOR signaling pathway. RESULTS Data showed that the mRNA and protein expression of GOLPH3 were up-regulated in HCC tumor tissue and cell lines compared with those of control (P < 0.05). Correlation analyses showed that GOLPH3 expression was positively correlated with serum alpha-fetoprotein level (AFP, P = 0.006). Knockdown GOLPH3 expression inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HCC cell lines. What's more, knockdown GOLPH3 expression led to tumor growth restriction in xenograft tumor model. The expression of phosphorylated mTOR, AKT and S6 K1 were significantly higher in HCC tumor tissue and cell lines compared with those in normal liver tissues (p < 0.05). While the phosphorylated mTOR, AKT and S6 K1 were much lower when diminished GOLPH3 expression in HCC cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The current study suggests that GOLPH3 contributes to the tumorigenesis of HCC by activating mTOR signaling pathway. GOLPH3 is a promising diagnose biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC. Our study may provide a scientific basis for developing effective approaches to treat the HCC patients with GOLPH3 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xieqi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xirun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Tang S, Yang R, Zhou X, Pan H, Liu J. Expression of GOLPH3 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and xenografts models. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7555-7562. [PMID: 29849795 PMCID: PMC5962867 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to be associated with several types of human cancer. Patient-derived cancer xenograft models have demonstrated great potential in preclinical studies. In the present study, the link between GOLPH3 expression and survival was examined in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patient-derived lung cancer xenograft models were established with two different methods. Lastly, the association between GOLPH3 expression and establishment of the xenograft models was explored. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to examine GOLPH3 expression in 60 NSCLC tissues and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANT). In addition, tumor pieces from the 60 NSCLC tissues were implanted in the subcutaneous layer and in the subrenal kidney capsule of nude mice. RT-qPCR, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the human origin of the xenograft tumors. RT-qPCR was also used to research the mutation status of GOLPH3 in the xenograft tumors. The results demonstrated that NSCLC tissues had higher expression of GOLPH3, at the mRNA and protein level, compared with ANT. High expression of GOLPH3 correlated with poor survival in patients with NSCLC. Successful engraftment was established for 27 tissues in the subrenal kidney capsule and for 16 in the subcutaneous layer of nude mice. The subrenal kidney capsule group demonstrated significantly higher engraftment rates than the subcutaneous layer group. In addition, higher GOLPH3 expression in the tumor tissues was significantly correlated with higher engraftment rates in mice. In both groups, few xenografts lost the GOLPH3 mutation. In summary, GOLPH3 may be an important diagnosis and prognosis indicator in patients with NSCLC. The genotype and phenotype of the xenograft tumors derived from patient lung cancer tissues exhibited significant similarities to the originating primary tumors. High GOLPH3 expression may promote the successful establishment of xenograft models for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rirong Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jianlun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Howley BV, Link LA, Grelet S, El-Sabban M, Howe PH. A CREB3-regulated ER-Golgi trafficking signature promotes metastatic progression in breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:1308-1325. [PMID: 29249802 PMCID: PMC5844805 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the process of breast cancer metastasis, we have generated a mammary epithelial progression series of increasingly aggressive cell lines that metastasize to lung. Here we demonstrate that upregulation of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi trafficking gene signature in metastatic cells enhances transport kinetics, which promotes malignant progression. We observe increased ER-Golgi trafficking, an altered secretome and sensitivity to the retrograde transport inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) in cells that metastasize to lung. CREB3 was identified as a transcriptional regulator of upregulated ER-Golgi trafficking genes ARF4, COPB1, and USO1, and silencing of these genes attenuated the metastatic phenotype in vitro and lung colonization in vivo. Furthermore, high trafficking gene expression significantly correlated with increased risk of distant metastasis and reduced relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients, suggesting that modulation of ER-Golgi trafficking plays an important role in metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breege V Howley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Laura A Link
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Simon Grelet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Maya El-Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Philip H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Tang S, Pan H, Wei W, Yang H, Liu J, Yang R. GOLPH3: a novel biomarker that correlates with poor survival and resistance to chemotherapy in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105155-105169. [PMID: 29285241 PMCID: PMC5739628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) and clinical pathological characteristics, as well as the clinical outcomes of both neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies in breast cancer, remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological role and clinical significance of GOLPH3 in breast cancer. We found that GOLPH3 expression in tumor tissue was higher than that in adjacent noncancerous tissue (ANT) and fibroadenoma. GOLPH3 silencing reduced the migration, invasion, and proliferation of breast cancer cells and promoted apoptosis of the cells. Importantly, patients with high GOLPH3 expression had worse disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and GOLPH3 expression was correlated with clinical pathological characteristics such as molecular subtype, tumor-node-metastasis classification, and age but was not associated with surgery type. Patients with high GOLPH3 expression had poor DFS and OS in every molecular subtype, and an increase in tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. The risk of recurrence increased with age in patients with high GOLPH3 expression, and surgery type had no influence on patient survival. This is the first study to investigate the correlation between GOLPH3 and response to chemotherapy in breast cancer. Patients with high GOLPH3 expression showed resistance to neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies, and GOLPH3 overexpression indicated a high risk of recurrence in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. These data suggest that GOLPH3 may be a novel biomarker that correlates with poor survival and resistance to chemotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rirong Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Wang JH, Yuan LJ, Liang RX, Liu ZG, Li BH, Wen ZS, Huang ST, Zheng M. GOLPH3 promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via mTOR and Wnt/β‑catenin signal activation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7138-7144. [PMID: 28901498 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors' previous study demonstrated that Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) was significantly overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), correlating with poor patient survival. In the present study, GOLPH3 stable overexpression and knockdown KYSE‑140 cell lines were constructed. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis assays were performed. The results revealed that GOLPH3 promoted ESCC cell growth and proliferation. The effects of GOLPH3 on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathways were investigated using western blot analyis and dual‑luciferase reporter assays, and were observed to be activated in cells with GOLPH3 overexpression. Furthermore, overexpression of GOLPH3 resulted in the downregulation of p21 protein, upregulation of cyclin D1 and increased retinoblastoma‑associated protein phosphorylation, consequently leading to accelerated cell cycle progression. In addition, GOLPH3 knockdown resulted in reversed effects. The results of the current study suggest that GOLPH3 serves an important role in promoting tumorigenicity of ESCC via mTOR and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Jing Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Xin Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Hai Li
- Department of Chest, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Wen
- Department of Chest, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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21
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Li X, Li M, Tian X, Li Q, Lu Q, Jia Q, Zhang L, Yan J, Li X, Li X. Golgi Phosphoprotein 3 Inhibits the Apoptosis of Human Glioma Cells in Part by Downregulating N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 1. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3535-3543. [PMID: 27698340 PMCID: PMC5053125 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to be involved in the development of several human cancers. Our previous study showed that GOLPH3 expression in glioma tissues was related to the severity of the malignancy of the cancer. However, the mechanism by which GOLPH3 affects cell apoptosis is largely unknown. The present study was designed to explore the possible mechanism of GOLPH3 in cell apoptosis. Material/Methods To analyze the biological role of GOLPH3 in glioma cells, we used GOLPH3 small interference RNA in apoptosis of glioma cells. The apoptosis of glioma cells was detected by flow cytometry. The expression level of GOLPH3 and NDRG1 protein was determined by Western blot analyses and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, to evaluate their association with glioma. Tumor tissues were collected from patients with glioma. Normal cerebral tissues were acquired from cerebral trauma patients undergoing internal decompression surgery. Results We confirm that the decrease of GOLPH3 that promotes the apoptosis of glioma cells may be regulated by the activation of NDRG1 and cleaved capcase 3. There was a inverse association between GOLPH3 and NDRG1 in glioma samples. Conclusions Our findings indicate that GOLPH3 and NDRG1 both play an important role in glioma etiology. Either GOLPH3 or NDRG1 might be a potential candidate for malignant glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Mengyou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuli Tian
- Department of Respiratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qingzhe Li
- , Liaocheng People's Hospital and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qingyang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qingbin Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lianqun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jinqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, , China (mainland)
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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22
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Øverbye A, Skotland T, Koehler CJ, Thiede B, Seierstad T, Berge V, Sandvig K, Llorente A. Identification of prostate cancer biomarkers in urinary exosomes. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26196085 PMCID: PMC4745805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have recently appeared as a novel source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers since tumour-specific molecules can be found in exosomes isolated from biological fluids. We have here investigated the proteome of urinary exosomes by using mass spectrometry to identify proteins differentially expressed in prostate cancer patients compared to healthy male controls. In total, 15 control and 16 prostate cancer samples of urinary exosomes were analyzed. Importantly, 246 proteins were differentially expressed in the two groups. The majority of these proteins (221) were up-regulated in exosomes from prostate cancer patients. These proteins were analyzed according to specific criteria to create a focus list that contained 37 proteins. At 100% specificity, 17 of these proteins displayed individual sensitivities above 60%. Even though several of these proteins showed high sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer as individual biomarkers, combining them in a multi-panel test has the potential for full differentiation of prostate cancer from non-disease controls. The highest sensitivity, 94%, was observed for transmembrane protein 256 (TM256; chromosome 17 open reading frame 61). LAMTOR proteins were also distinctly enriched with very high specificity for patient samples. TM256 and LAMTOR1 could be used to augment the sensitivity to 100%. Other prominent proteins were V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit (VATL), adipogenesis regulatory factor (ADIRF), and several Rab-class members and proteasomal proteins. In conclusion, this study clearly shows the potential of using urinary exosomes in the diagnosis and clinical management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Øverbye
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian J Koehler
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernd Thiede
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Therese Seierstad
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktor Berge
- Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Ijuin T, Takeuchi Y, Shimono Y, Fukumoto M, Tokuda E, Takenawa T. Regulation of CD44 expression and focal adhesion by Golgi phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:981-90. [PMID: 27178239 PMCID: PMC4946718 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44, a transmembrane receptor, is expressed in the standard or variant form and plays a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis. This protein regulates cell adhesion and migration in breast cancer cells. We previously reported that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) at the Golgi regulates cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cell lines. In this study, we showed that an increase in PI(4)P levels at the Golgi by knockdown of PI(4)P phosphatase SAC1 increased the expression of standard CD44, variant CD44, and ezrin/radixin phosphorylation and enhanced the formation of focal adhesions mediated by CD44 and ezrin/radixin in MCF7 and SK-BR-3 cells. In contrast, knockdown of PI 4-kinase IIIβ in highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells decreased these factors. These results suggest that SAC1 expression and PI(4)P at the Golgi are important in tumor progression and metastasis and are potential prognostic markers of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ijuin
- Division of Biochemistry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukiko Takeuchi
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Fukumoto
- Division of Membrane Biology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Emi Tokuda
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Division of Membrane Biology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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24
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Tenorio MJ, Ross BH, Luchsinger C, Rivera-Dictter A, Arriagada C, Acuña D, Aguilar M, Cavieres V, Burgos PV, Ehrenfeld P, Mardones GA. Distinct Biochemical Pools of Golgi Phosphoprotein 3 in the Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154719. [PMID: 27123979 PMCID: PMC4849736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been implicated in the development of carcinomas in many human tissues, and is currently considered a bona fide oncoprotein. Importantly, several tumor types show overexpression of GOLPH3, which is associated with tumor progress and poor prognosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that connect GOLPH3 function with tumorigenicity are poorly understood. Experimental evidence shows that depletion of GOLPH3 abolishes transformation and proliferation of tumor cells in GOLPH3-overexpressing cell lines. Conversely, GOLPH3 overexpression drives transformation of primary cell lines and enhances mouse xenograft tumor growth in vivo. This evidence suggests that overexpression of GOLPH3 could result in distinct features of GOLPH3 in tumor cells compared to that of non-tumorigenic cells. GOLPH3 is a peripheral membrane protein mostly localized at the trans-Golgi network, and its association with Golgi membranes depends on binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. GOLPH3 is also contained in a large cytosolic pool that rapidly exchanges with Golgi-associated pools. GOLPH3 has also been observed associated with vesicles and tubules arising from the Golgi, as well as other cellular compartments, and hence it has been implicated in several membrane trafficking events. Whether these and other features are typical to all different types of cells is unknown. Moreover, it remains undetermined how GOLPH3 acts as an oncoprotein at the Golgi. Therefore, to better understand the roles of GOLPH3 in cancer cells, we sought to compare some of its biochemical and cellular properties in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 with that of the non-tumorigenic breast human cell line MCF 10A. We found unexpected differences that support the notion that in different cancer cells, overexpression of GOLPH3 functions in diverse fashions, which may influence specific tumorigenic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Tenorio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Breyan H. Ross
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Charlotte Luchsinger
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrés Rivera-Dictter
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cecilia Arriagada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Acuña
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcelo Aguilar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Viviana Cavieres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A. Mardones
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- * E-mail:
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25
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Halberg N, Sengelaub CA, Navrazhina K, Molina H, Uryu K, Tavazoie SF. PITPNC1 Recruits RAB1B to the Golgi Network to Drive Malignant Secretion. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:339-353. [PMID: 26977884 PMCID: PMC5300038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced secretion of tumorigenic effector proteins is a feature of malignant cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying this feature are poorly defined. We identify PITPNC1 as a gene amplified in a large fraction of human breast cancer and overexpressed in metastatic breast, melanoma, and colon cancers. Biochemical, molecular, and cell-biological studies reveal that PITPNC1 promotes malignant secretion by binding Golgi-resident PI4P and localizing RAB1B to the Golgi. RAB1B localization to the Golgi allows for the recruitment of GOLPH3, which facilitates Golgi extension and enhanced vesicular release. PITPNC1-mediated vesicular release drives metastasis by increasing the secretion of pro-invasive and pro-angiogenic mediators HTRA1, MMP1, FAM3C, PDGFA, and ADAM10. We establish PITPNC1 as a PI4P-binding protein that enhances vesicular secretion capacity in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Halberg
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, Box 16, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvej 91, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Caitlin A Sengelaub
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, Box 16, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristina Navrazhina
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, Box 16, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, Box 16, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kunihiro Uryu
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, Box 16, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sohail F Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, Box 16, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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26
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Guo YT, Qiu CZ, Huang ZX, Yu WS, Yang XF, Wang MZ. Correlational research of Golgi phosphorylation protein 3 expression in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:13473-9. [PMID: 26730158 PMCID: PMC4690176 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i48.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of Golgi phosphorylation protein 3 (GOLPH3) expression on cell apoptosis, angiogenesis and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The expression of GOLPH3 in CRC tissues and normal colorectal mucosae was determined by immunohistochemistry in 62 patients. In addition, immunohistochemistry was also carried out to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34 and microvessel density (MVD). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay was used to determine the apoptotic index (AI). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the relationship between GOLPH3 expression and survival in another 123 CRC cases. RESULTS Compared with normal colorectal mucosae, a notably higher level of GOLPH3 protein expression was identified in CRC tissues (53.2% vs 24.2%, P < 0.05). Positive GOLPH3 expression was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001; P = 0.020; P = 0.020; P < 0.05, respectively), but not with tumor length, tumor site, and age (P = 0.363; P = 0.819; P = 0.599; P > 0.05, respectively). VEGF expression and MVD in GOLPH3-positive CRC was significantly higher than in GOLPH3-negative CRC (VEGF: 69.7% vs 31.0%; MVD: 21.45 ± 9.39 vs 14.24 ± 8.97; P < 0.05). GOLPH3 expression was negatively correlated with AI in CRC as shown by Spearman correlation analysis (r = -0.320, P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate in GOLPH3-negative CRC (69.4%) was significantly higher than in GOLPH3-positive CRC (48.6%) (log-rank test, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION High expression of GOLPH3 is found in CRC tissues. GOLPH3 expression may be a novel prognostic marker for CRC patients.
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27
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Lu M, Tian Y, Yue WM, Li L, Li SH, Qi L, Hu WS, Gao C, Si LB, Tian H. GOLPH3, a good prognostic indicator in early-stage NSCLC related to tumor angiogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5793-8. [PMID: 25081702 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3) is implicated in cancer development and progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of GOLPH3 protein and its association with tumor angiogenesis in patients with early-stage NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine GOLPH3 protein expression and allow assessment of intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) by counting CD-34 positive immunostained endothelial cells. Correlations of expression with MVD, clinicopathologic features and clinical prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS A notably higher level of GOLPH3 expression was found in early-stage NSCC tissues at the protein level. However, we do not find any correlation between GOLPH3 expression and clinicopathologic features (p>0.05), although higher MVD was positively associated with GOLPH3 overexpression (p<0.001). Expression of GOLPH3 was found to be an independent prognostic factor in early- stage NSCLC patients, those expressing high levels of GOLPH3 exhibiting a substantially lower 5-year overall survival than GOLPH3-negative patients (adjusted HR =1.899, 95% CI: 1.021-3.532, p=0.043). CONCLUSIONS High expression of the GOLPH3 protein is common in early-stage NSCC, and is closely associated with tumor progression, increased tumor angiogenesis, and poor survival. We conclude a possibility of its use as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in early-stage NSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China E-mail :
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28
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Zhang L, Guo F, Gao X, Wu Y. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1298-304. [PMID: 25760033 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has recently been implicated as an oncogene involved in the development of carcinoma in a number of organs. The expression of GOLPH3 in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues was investigated in the present study. Human PC-3 and LNCaP PCa cell lines were analyzed in order to assess whether silencing of GOLPH3 expression affects cell vitality, migration and invasion, in vitro. An immunohistochemistry analysis was performed in order to measure the expression of GOLPH3 in samples from 117 patients with PCa and from 50 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Associations between GOLPH3 expression and clinicopathological parameters, such as overall survival, were assessed. GOLPH3 expression was shown to be significantly greater in PCa tissues than in BPH tissues. GOLPH3 expression was positively correlated with Gleason score (P=0.031), tumor stage (T stage; P=0.020) and lymph node status (P=0.013), in patients with PCa. Biochemical recurrence-free survival (serum prostate-specific antigen-based) and overall survival, were reduced in patients with GOLPH3-positive PCa. A multivariate analysis indicated that GOLPH3 expression was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence-free survival [hazard ratio (HR), 2.943; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.190-5.521; P=0.028], and of overall survival (HR, 4.371; 95% CI, 2.045-7.109; P=0.014). Transfection with GOLPH3‑targeted small interfering RNA reduced the capability of PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines to proliferate, migrate and invade in vitro, compared with the controls. The level of GOLPH3 expression in radical prostatectomy samples may be useful for predicting biochemical recurrence-free survival and overall survival in patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250013, P.R. China
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29
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Sechi S, Frappaolo A, Belloni G, Colotti G, Giansanti MG. The multiple cellular functions of the oncoprotein Golgi phosphoprotein 3. Oncotarget 2015; 6:3493-506. [PMID: 25691054 PMCID: PMC4414131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) protein, a component of Trans-Golgi Network (TGN), has been defined as a "first-in-class Golgi oncoprotein" and characterized as a Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] effector at the Golgi. GOLPH3 is commonly amplified in several solid tumors. Furthermore this protein has been associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. Highly conserved from yeast to humans, GOLPH3 provides an essential function in vesicle trafficking and Golgi structure. Recent data have also implicated this oncoprotein in regulation of cytokinesis, modulation of mitochondrial mass and cellular response to DNA damage. A minute dissection of the molecular pathways that require GOLPH3 protein will be helpful to develop new therapeutic cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sechi
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Frappaolo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Belloni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giansanti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
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30
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Isaji T, Im S, Gu W, Wang Y, Hang Q, Lu J, Fukuda T, Hashii N, Takakura D, Kawasaki N, Miyoshi H, Gu J. An oncogenic protein Golgi phosphoprotein 3 up-regulates cell migration via sialylation. J Biol Chem 2015; 289:20694-705. [PMID: 24895123 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.542688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) and its yeast homolog Vps74p have been characterized as essential for the Golgi localization of glycosyltransferase in yeast. GOLPH3 has been identified as a new oncogene that is commonly amplified in human cancers to modulate mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms of the carcinogenic signaling pathway remain largely unclear. To investigate whether the expression of GOLPH3 was involved in the glycosylation processes in mammalian cells, and whether it affected cell behavior, we performed a loss-of-function study. Cell migration was suppressed in GOLPH3 knockdown (KD) cells, and the suppression was restored by a re-introduction of the GOLPH3 gene. HPLC and LC/MS analysis showed that the sialylation of N-glycans was specifically decreased in KD cells. The specific interaction between sialyltransferases and GOLPH3 was important for the sialylation. Furthermore, overexpression of α2,6-sialyltransferase-I rescued cell migration and cellular signaling, both of which were blocked in GOLPH3 knockdown cells. These results are the first direct demonstration of the role of GOLPH3 in N-glycosylation to regulate cell biological functions.
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31
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Abstract
GOLPH3 is the first example of an oncogene that functions in secretory trafficking at the Golgi. The discovery of GOLPH3's roles in both cancer and Golgi trafficking raises questions about how GOLPH3 and the Golgi contribute to cancer. Our recent investigation of the regulation of GOLPH3 revealed a surprising response by the Golgi upon DNA damage that is mediated by DNA-PK and GOLPH3. These results provide new insight into the DNA damage response with important implications for understanding the cellular response to standard cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Buschman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Juliati Rahajeng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Seth J Field
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Li Q, Ma Y, Xu W. High GOLPH3 expression is associated with poor prognosis and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4315-20. [PMID: 25634514 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) overexpression has previously been associated with the progression of several solid tumors, which resulted in adverse clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the expression and prognostic significance of GOLPH3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). GOLPH3 expression was examined using western blot analysis of 30 paired samples of HCC and adjacent non‑cancerous liver tissues. GOLPH3 expression levels were also assessed using immunohistochemistry in 180 HCC samples and paired controls. In addition, the association of GOLPH3 expression with clinicopathological features and clinical outcome was analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of GOLPH3 on HCC cell proliferation and invasion were determined. Western blot analysis revealed that GOLPH3 expression was significantly elevated in HCC tissue compared with that of the matched adjacent non‑cancerous liver tissue. In addition, the results of the immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that GOLPH3 expression was positively correlated with the Edmondson‑Steiner grade (P=0.006), vascular invasion (P=0.002) and serum α feto‑protein levels (P=0.015). GOLPH3 expression was found to be an independent factor for predicting the poor overall survival of HCC patients (hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.26‑3.64; P=0.025). In addition, GOLPH3 silencing inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cell lines in vitro. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that high GOLPH3 levels may be a potential biomarker for the poor prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Wanpeng Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
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Eckert ESP, Reckmann I, Hellwig A, Röhling S, El-Battari A, Wieland FT, Popoff V. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 triggers signal-mediated incorporation of glycosyltransferases into coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31319-29. [PMID: 25246532 PMCID: PMC4223332 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.608182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. How cells achieve an accurate localization of these enzymes is not completely understood but might involve dynamic processes such as coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking. In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. Here, we highlight a role of GOLPH3 in the spatial localization of α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1. We show, for the first time, that GOLPH3 supports incorporation of both core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 and α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 into COPI vesicles. Depletion of GOLPH3 altered the subcellular localization of these enzymes. In contrast, galactosyltransferase, an enzyme that does not interact with GOLPH3, was neither incorporated into COPI vesicles nor was dependent on GOLPH3 for proper localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S P Eckert
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), INF 328 and
| | - Ingeborg Reckmann
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), INF 328 and
| | - Andrea Hellwig
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), INF 364, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and
| | - Simone Röhling
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), INF 328 and
| | - Assou El-Battari
- INSERM UMR 911, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre de Recherche en Oncobiologie et Oncopharmacologie (CR02), 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Felix T Wieland
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), INF 328 and
| | - Vincent Popoff
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), INF 328 and
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Peng J, Fang Y, Tao Y, Li K, Su T, Nong Y, Xie F, Lai M. Mechanisms of GOLPH3 associated with the progression of gastric cancer: a preliminary study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107362. [PMID: 25286393 PMCID: PMC4186759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Design To investigate the specific mechanisms by which Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) affects the progression of gastric cancer and to explore its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between GOLPH3, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), phosphorylated p70S6 (p-p70S6), phosphorylated 4E-BP1 (p-4E-BP1) and the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. The mRNA expression levels of GOLPH3, mTOR, Akt, p70S6 and 4E-BP1 in gastric cancer, carcinoma-adjacent and paired normal tissue were analyzed using RT-PCR. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression of GOLPH3, p-mTOR, p-Akt, p-p70S6 and p-4E-BP1 in tissues. Results High expression protein levels of GOLPH3, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p70S6, p-4E-BP1 were positively associated with histological grade (p<0.05), depth of invasion (p<0.05), distant metastasis (p<0.05) and lymph node involvement (p<0.05). Compared with carcinoma-adjacent and paired normal tissues, the mRNA expression levels of GOLPH3, AKT, mTOR, p70S6 and 4EBP1 in gastric cancer tissues were significantly higher. The protein expression levels of GOLPH3, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70S6 and p-4E-BP1 in gastric cancer tissues were also significantly higher than in carcinoma-adjacent and paired normal tissues. A strong positive correlation was observed between GOLPH3, p-mTOR, p-p70S6 and p-4EBP1 expression (r = 0.410, 0.303 and 0.276, respectively, p<0.05), but no significant correlation between the expression of GOLPH3 and p-Akt was observed. Conclusions The GOPLH3 expression level is highly correlated with Akt/mTOR signaling in human gastric cancer samples. GOLPH3 combined with Akt/mTOR signaling activation may play an important role in the development, differentiation, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Peng
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ye Fang
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Keke Li
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuncui Nong
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Lai
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Overexpression of GOLPH3 protein is associated with worse prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11845-9. [PMID: 25204671 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has important roles in the pathogenesis of cancer, and overexpression of GOLPH3 has been found in several kinds of cancers. However, the relationship between GOLPH3 overexpression and prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between GOLPH3 overexpression and overall survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The expression of GOLPH3 protein in tumor tissue was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Seventy-five patients with epithelial ovarian cancer with the data of GOLPH3 expression and follow-up were included. GOLPH3 overexpression was significantly associated with advanced stage, histology, high grade, and lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with GOLPH3 overexpression had significantly poorer overall survival than those with low expression of GOLPH3 (log-rank P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, GOLPH3 overexpression was independently associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.60; 95 % confidence interval (CI0 1.14-11.33, P = 0.03). Therefore, overexpression of GOLPH3 protein is closely related to poorer prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Zhang LJ, Wang KB, Liu LS, Chen LZ, Peng BG, Liang LJ, Li Z, Xue L, Li W, Xia JT. Overexpression of GOLPH3 is associated with poor prognosis and clinical progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:571. [PMID: 25104140 PMCID: PMC4133629 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been identified as an oncoprotein in various human cancers; however, its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unknown. We examined GOLPH3 expression levels and relationship with survival in patients with PDAC to establish the significance of GOLPH3 in the development and progression of PDAC. Methods Real-time qPCR and Western blotting were performed to analyze the expression levels of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein in paired PDAC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression levels of GOLPH3 protein in paraffin-embedded tissues from 109 cases of PDAC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify correlations between the immunohistochemical data for GOLPH3 expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics in PDAC. Results Expression levels of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein were upregulated in PDAC lesions compared to paired adjacent noncancerous tissues. Expression of GOLPH3 was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.006), T classification (P = 0.021), N classification (P = 0.049) and liver metastasis (P = 0.035). Patients with high GOLPH3 expression had shorter overall survival times compared to those with low GOLPH3 expression (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that GOLPH3 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in PDAC. Conclusions Our findings suggest that GOLPH3 expression status may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in PCAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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GOLPH3 is essential for contractile ring formation and Rab11 localization to the cleavage site during cytokinesis in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004305. [PMID: 24786584 PMCID: PMC4006750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) protein has been described as a Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] effector at the Golgi. GOLPH3 is also known as a potent oncogene, commonly amplified in several human tumors. However, the molecular pathways through which the oncoprotein GOLPH3 acts in malignant transformation are largely unknown. GOLPH3 has never been involved in cytokinesis. Here, we characterize the Drosophila melanogaster homologue of human GOLPH3 during cell division. We show that GOLPH3 accumulates at the cleavage furrow and is required for successful cytokinesis in Drosophila spermatocytes and larval neuroblasts. In premeiotic spermatocytes GOLPH3 protein is required for maintaining the organization of Golgi stacks. In dividing spermatocytes GOLPH3 is essential for both contractile ring and central spindle formation during cytokinesis. Wild type function of GOLPH3 enables maintenance of centralspindlin and Rho1 at cell equator and stabilization of Myosin II and Septin rings. We demonstrate that the molecular mechanism underlying GOLPH3 function in cytokinesis is strictly dependent on the ability of this protein to interact with PI(4)P. Mutations that abolish PI(4)P binding impair recruitment of GOLPH3 to both the Golgi and the cleavage furrow. Moreover telophase cells from mutants with defective GOLPH3-PI(4)P interaction fail to accumulate PI(4)P-and Rab11-associated secretory organelles at the cleavage site. Finally, we show that GOLPH3 protein interacts with components of both cytokinesis and membrane trafficking machineries in Drosophila cells. Based on these results we propose that GOLPH3 acts as a key molecule to coordinate phosphoinositide signaling with actomyosin dynamics and vesicle trafficking during cytokinesis. Because cytokinesis failures have been associated with premalignant disease and cancer, our studies suggest novel insight into molecular circuits involving the oncogene GOLPH3 in cytokinesis. In animal cell cytokinesis, constriction of an actomyosin ring at the equatorial cortex of dividing cells must be finely coordinated with plasma membrane remodeling and vesicle trafficking at the cleavage furrow. Accurate control of these events during cell cleavage is essential for maintaining ploidy and preventing neoplastic transformation. GOLPH3 has been recognized as a potent oncogene, involved in the development of several human tumors. However, the precise roles played by GOLPH3 in tumorigenesis are not yet understood. In this manuscript we demonstrate for the first time the requirement for GOLPH3 for cytokinesis. GOLPH3 protein localizes at the cleavage site of Drosophila dividing cells and is essential for cytokinesis in male meiotic cells and larval neuroblasts. We show that this protein acts as a key molecule in coupling plasma membrane remodeling with actomyosin ring assembly and stability during cytokinesis. Our studies indicate a novel connection between GOLPH3 and the molecular mechanisms of cytokinesis, opening new fields of investigation into the tumor cell biology of this oncogene.
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Nong YC, Lai MY, Su T. GOLPH3 gene overexpression promotes proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1669-1675. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i12.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the effect of GOLPH3 gene overexpression on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells.
METHODS: The lentivirus containing the GOLPH3 gene was infected into gastric cancer cells, fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the expression of EGFP, and flow cytometry was applied to verify the infection efficiency. GOLPH3 overexpression was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (at the mRNA level) and Western blot (at the protein level). The expression of mTOR and p-mTOR proteins was detected by Western blot, and cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay.
RESULTS: Gastric cancer cells expressing high levels of EGFP were successfully obtained, with an infection rate of 100%. GOLPH3 expression was significantly up-regulated in SGC-7901 cells infected with the lentivirus containing the GOLPH3 gene compared with SGC-7901 cells transduced with the empty vector or non-infected SGC-7901 cells (P < 0.05 for both). MTT assay showed that up-regulated GOLPH3 could significantly enhance the proliferation of gastric cancer cells (P < 0.05). Although the mTOR protein expression did not significantly differ between different groups of cells, but p-mTOR protein expression was enhanced in SGC-7901 cells infected with the lentivirus containing the GOLPH3 gene compared with control cells (P < 0.05), suggesting that up-regulated GOLPH3 could promote the protein expression of p-mTOR in SGC-7901 cells.
CONCLUSION: GOLPH3 gene overexpression could promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by up-regulating the expression of p-mTOR in SGC-7901 cells.
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Farber-Katz SE, Dippold HC, Buschman MD, Peterman MC, Xing M, Noakes CJ, Tat J, Ng MM, Rahajeng J, Cowan DM, Fuchs GJ, Zhou H, Field SJ. DNA damage triggers Golgi dispersal via DNA-PK and GOLPH3. Cell 2014; 156:413-27. [PMID: 24485452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The response to DNA damage, which regulates nuclear processes such as DNA repair, transcription, and cell cycle, has been studied thoroughly. However, the cytoplasmic response to DNA damage is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that DNA damage triggers dramatic reorganization of the Golgi, resulting in its dispersal throughout the cytoplasm. We further show that DNA-damage-induced Golgi dispersal requires GOLPH3/MYO18A/F-actin and the DNA damage protein kinase, DNA-PK. In response to DNA damage, DNA-PK phosphorylates GOLPH3, resulting in increased interaction with MYO18A, which applies a tensile force to the Golgi. Interference with the Golgi DNA damage response by depletion of DNA-PK, GOLPH3, or MYO18A reduces survival after DNA damage, whereas overexpression of GOLPH3, as is observed frequently in human cancers, confers resistance to killing by DNA-damaging agents. Identification of the DNA-damage-induced Golgi response reveals an unexpected pathway through DNA-PK, GOLPH3, and MYO18A that regulates cell survival following DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzette E Farber-Katz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - Holly C Dippold
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - Matthew D Buschman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - Marshall C Peterman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - Mengke Xing
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - Christopher J Noakes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - John Tat
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - Michelle M Ng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - Juliati Rahajeng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - David M Cowan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA
| | - Greg J Fuchs
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653, USA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653, USA
| | - Seth J Field
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0707, USA.
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Tokuda E, Itoh T, Hasegawa J, Ijuin T, Takeuchi Y, Irino Y, Fukumoto M, Takenawa T. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate in the Golgi apparatus regulates cell-cell adhesion and invasive cell migration in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3054-66. [PMID: 24706697 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of cell-cell adhesion and upregulation of cell migration play critical roles in the conversion of benign tumors to aggressive invasive cancers. In this study, we show that changes in cell-cell adhesion and cancer cell migration/invasion capacity depend on the level of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] in the Golgi apparatus in breast cancer cells. Attenuating SAC1, a PI(4)P phosphatase localized in the Golgi apparatus, resulted in decreased cell-cell adhesion and increased cell migration in weakly invasive cells. In contrast, silencing phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ, which generates PI(4)P in the Golgi apparatus, increased cell-cell adhesion and decreased invasion in highly invasive cells. Furthermore, a PI(4)P effector, Golgi phosphoprotein 3, was found to be involved in the generation of these phenotypes in a manner that depends on its PI(4)P-binding ability. Our results provide a new model for breast cancer cell progression in which progression is controlled by PI(4)P levels in the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Tokuda
- Authors' Affiliations: Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry; Division of Membrane Biology; and Department of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Itoh
- Authors' Affiliations: Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry; Division of Membrane Biology; and Department of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junya Hasegawa
- Authors' Affiliations: Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry; Division of Membrane Biology; and Department of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ijuin
- Authors' Affiliations: Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry; Division of Membrane Biology; and Department of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Takeuchi
- Authors' Affiliations: Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry; Division of Membrane Biology; and Department of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Irino
- Authors' Affiliations: Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry; Division of Membrane Biology; and Department of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Fukumoto
- Authors' Affiliations: Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry; Division of Membrane Biology; and Department of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Authors' Affiliations: Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry; Division of Membrane Biology; and Department of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Xue Y, Wu G, Liao Y, Xiao G, Ma X, Zou X, Zhang G, Xiao R, Wang X, Liu Q, Long D, Yang J, Xu H, Liu F, Liu M, Xie K, Huang R. GOLPH3 is a novel marker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target in human renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2250-60. [PMID: 24595000 PMCID: PMC4007226 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to be involved in the development of several human cancers. The present study was conducted to investigate the expression of GOLPH3 and its prognostic significance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Meanwhile, the function of GOLPH3 in human RCC was further investigated in cell culture models. Methods: Expression of GOLPH3 was examined in 43 fresh RCC tissues and paired adjacent normal renal tissues by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry for GOLPH3 was performed on additional 218 RCC tissues. The clinical significance of GOLPH3 expression was analysed. Downregulation of GOLPH3 was performed using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in Caki-1 and 786-O cells with high abundance of GOLPH3, and the effects of GOLPH3 silencing on cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro, and tumour growth in vivo were evaluated. Results: Expression of GOLPH3 was upregulated in the majority of the RCC clinical tissue specimens at both mRNA and protein levels. Clinicopathological analysis showed that GOLPH3 expression was significantly correlated with T stage (P<0.001), lymph-node status (P=0.003), distant metastasis (P<0.001), tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P<0.001), and Fuhman grade (P=0.001). Expression of GOLPH3 was inversely correlated with both overall and recurrence-free survival of RCC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that GOLPH3 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for patient's survival. Knockdown of the GOLPH3 expression reduced cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion, and tumour growth in xenograft model mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that GOLPH3 expression is likely to have important roles in RCC development and progression, and that GOLPH3 is a prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xue
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - G Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - G Xiao
- Department of Graduate School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - X Ma
- Department of Urology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - R Xiao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - D Long
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - K Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qing Nian Road, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - R Huang
- Department of Graduate School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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High GOLPH3 expression is associated with a more aggressive behavior of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:443-52. [PMID: 24458516 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of GOLPH3 (Golgi phosphoprotein 3, 34 kDa) is associated with the progression of many solid tumor types leading to an unfavorable clinical outcome. The present study examined the association between GOLPH3 expression and tumor development, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. GOLPH3 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 18 normal ovarian samples, 28 benign tumors, 55 serous borderline ovarian tumors, and 135 epithelial ovarian carcinomas. The association of GOLPH3 expression with clinical characteristics, response to chemotherapy, and overall survival of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients was analyzed on fresh tissue samples. GOLPH3 mRNA and protein expression in ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The results are the following: (1) GOLPH3 immunostaining localized to the cytoplasm in two patterns, condensed into large granules with perinuclear distribution, and dispersed in the cytoplasm as fine granules. (2) GOLPH3 expression was higher in epithelial ovarian carcinoma than in normal ovarian tissues at the mRNA and protein level. The frequency of high-level expression of GOLPH3 increased progressively from benign (cystadenoma) to borderline neoplasms to malignant lesions. (3) Dispersed cytoplasmic GOLPH3 expression in epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients was highly correlated with FIGO stage (p < 0.001), tumor histological grade (p = 0.003), lymph node involvement (p = 0.001), and chemotherapy response (p = 0.034). (4) A dispersed pattern of GOLPH3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival. Patients with low dispersed cytoplasmic GOLPH3 expression had significantly longer overall survival than patients with high dispersed cytoplasmic expression. In contrast, GOLPH3 condensed expression was not correlated with clinicopathological features, chemotherapy response, or prognosis. GOLPH3 gene expression might play a role in tumorigenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma as upregulation of GOLPH3 expression is associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. GOLPH3 immunohistochemistry may be of value to predict the outcome of ovarian carcinoma patients.
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Wang Z, Jiang B, Chen L, Di J, Cui M, Liu M, Ma Y, Yang H, Xing J, Zhang C, Yao Z, Zhang N, Dong B, Ji J, Su X. GOLPH3 predicts survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. J Transl Med 2014; 12:15. [PMID: 24444035 PMCID: PMC4029222 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been validated as a potent oncogene involved in the progression of many types of solid tumors, and its overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcome in many cancers. However, it is still unknown the association of GOLPH3 expression with the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods The expression of GOLPH3 was determined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in colorectal tissues from CRC patients treated with 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. The association of GOLPH3 with clinicopathologic features and prognosis was analysed. The effects of GOLPH3 on 5-FU sensitivity were examined in CRC cell lines. Results GOLPH3 expression was elevated in CRC tissues compared with matched adjacent noncancerous tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that high GOLPH3 expression was significantly associated with prolonged disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.002) and overall survival (OS, P = 0.011) in patients who received 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that GOLPH3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS in CRC patients treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy (HR, 0.468; 95%CI, 0.222-0.987; P = 0.046). In vitro, overexpression of GOLPH3 facilitated the 5-FU chemosensitivity in CRC cells; while siRNA-mediated knockdown of GOLPH3 reduced the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Our results suggest that GOLPH3 is associated with prognosis in CRC patients treated with postoperative 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and may serve as a potential indicator to predict 5-FU chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangqian Su
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, 100142 Beijing, China.
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Ji X, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhu L, Pan H, Li W, Zhou Y, Cong Z, Yan F, Chen S. Knockdown of Nrf2 suppresses glioblastoma angiogenesis by inhibiting hypoxia-induced activation of HIF-1α. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:574-84. [PMID: 24374745 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Concerns were increasingly raised that several types of cancers overexpressed the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which contributed strikingly to cancer biological capabilities and chemoresistance. However, the role of Nrf2 in the tumor vascular biology had yet to be mechanistically determined. Here, we investigated the involvement of Nrf2 in glioblastoma (GB) angiogenesis in hypoxia. First, we detected the overexpression of Nrf2 and correlated its protein level with microvessel density (MVD) in human GB tissues. Then, we established the stable RNAi-mediated Nrf2-knockdown cells and mimicked hypoxic condition in vitro. The knockdown of Nrf2 inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in mouse xenografts with a concomitant reduction in VEGF expression and MVD. Similar antiangiogenic effects were documented in endothelial tube formation assays. The downregulation of Nrf2 in glioma cells led to much lower accumulation of HIF-1α protein and limited expression of VEGF and other HIF-1α target genes in mimicking hypoxia. Mechanistic investigations suggested that HIF-1α degradation during hypoxia could be attributed to reduced mitochondrial O2 consumption in Nrf2-inhibited cells. It can be concluded that Nrf2, with its capacity for affecting the protein level of HIF-1α expression, has good reasons to be considered as a critical transcription factor for controlling glioma angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Study of GOLPH3: a Potential Stress-Inducible Protein from Golgi Apparatus. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:1449-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sayegh ET, Kaur G, Bloch O, Parsa AT. Systematic review of protein biomarkers of invasive behavior in glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1212-44. [PMID: 24271659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor with a grave prognosis. Recurrence is inevitable even with maximal surgical resection, in large part because GBM is a highly invasive tumor. Invasiveness also contributes to the failure of multiple cornerstones of GBM therapy, including radiotherapy, temozolomide chemotherapy, and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. In recent years there has been significant progress in the identification of protein biomarkers of invasive phenotype in GBM. In this article, we comprehensively review the literature and survey a broad spectrum of biomarkers, including proteolytic enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, neurodevelopmental factors, cell signaling and transcription factors, angiogenic effectors, metabolic proteins, membrane channels, and cytokines and chemokines. In light of the marked variation seen in outcomes in GBM patients, the systematic use of these biomarkers could be used to form a framework for better prediction, prognostication, and treatment selection, as well as the identification of molecular targets for further laboratory investigation and development of nascent, directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli T Sayegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611-2911, USA
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Yan Y, Zhang L, Xu T, Zhou J, Qin R, Chen C, Zou Y, Fu D, Hu G, Chen J, Lu Y. SAMSN1 is highly expressed and associated with a poor survival in glioblastoma multiforme. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81905. [PMID: 24278465 PMCID: PMC3838348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the expression pattern and prognostic significance of SAMSN1 in glioma. METHODS Affymetrix and Arrystar gene microarray data in the setting of glioma was analyzed to preliminarily study the expression pattern of SAMSN1 in glioma tissues, and Hieratical clustering of gene microarray data was performed to filter out genes that have prognostic value in malignant glioma. Survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier estimates stratified by SAMSN1 expression was then made based on the data of more than 500 GBM cases provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. At last, we detected the expression of SAMSN1 in large numbers of glioma and normal brain tissue samples using Tissue Microarray (TMA). Survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier estimates in each grade of glioma was stratified by SAMSN1 expression. Multivariate survival analysis was made by Cox proportional hazards regression models in corresponding groups of glioma. RESULTS With the expression data of SAMSN1 and 68 other genes, high-grade glioma could be classified into two groups with clearly different prognoses. Gene and large sample tissue microarrays showed high expression of SAMSN1 in glioma particularly in GBM. Survival analysis based on the TCGA GBM data matrix and TMA multi-grade glioma dataset found that SAMSN1 expression was closely related to the prognosis of GBM, either PFS or OS (P<0.05). Multivariate survival analysis with Cox proportional hazards regression models confirmed that high expression of SAMSN1 was a strong risk factor for PFS and OS of GBM patients. CONCLUSION SAMSN1 is over-expressed in glioma as compared with that found in normal brains, especially in GBM. High expression of SAMSN1 is a significant risk factor for the progression free and overall survival of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yan
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 101st Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Qin
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxiang Zou
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Luwan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohan Hu
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YCL); (JXC)
| | - Yicheng Lu
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YCL); (JXC)
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Zhou X, Zhan W, Bian W, Hua L, Shi Q, Xie S, Yang D, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu G, Yu R. GOLPH3 regulates the migration and invasion of glioma cells though RhoA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:338-44. [PMID: 23500462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to be involved in the development of several human cancers. However, the biological significance of GOLPH3 in glioma progression remains largely unknown. In this study, we report, for the first time, that downregulation of GOLPH3 led to clear reductions in glioma cell migration and invasion. In addition, downregulation of GOLPH3 inhibited the expression of the small GTPase RhoA as well as cytoskeletal reorganization, which are both required for glioma cell migration. Furthermore, we found that the observed reductions in glioma cell migration and RhoA level could be rescued by RhoA overexpression. Taken together, these results show that GOLPH3 contributes to the motility of glioma cells by regulating the expression of RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Ng MM, Dippold HC, Buschman MD, Noakes CJ, Field SJ. GOLPH3L antagonizes GOLPH3 to determine Golgi morphology. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:796-808. [PMID: 23345592 PMCID: PMC3596250 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-07-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
GOLPH3 is a ubiquitous PI4P effector, critical for Golgi function, and also an oncogene. GOLPH3L, a paralogue in vertebrates, also binds PI4P and localizes to the Golgi, but its expression is restricted to secretory cells. Despite some similarities to GOLPH3, GOLPH3L fails to interact with myosin 18A and functions at the Golgi to antagonize GOLPH3. GOLPH3 is a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) effector that plays an important role in maintaining Golgi architecture and anterograde trafficking. GOLPH3 does so through its ability to link trans-Golgi membranes to F-actin via its interaction with myosin 18A (MYO18A). GOLPH3 also is known to be an oncogene commonly amplified in human cancers. GOLPH3L is a GOLPH3 paralogue found in all vertebrate genomes, although previously it was largely uncharacterized. Here we demonstrate that although GOLPH3 is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, GOLPH3L is present in only a subset of tissues and cell types, particularly secretory tissues. We show that, like GOLPH3, GOLPH3L binds to PI4P, localizes to the Golgi as a consequence of its PI4P binding, and is required for efficient anterograde trafficking. Surprisingly, however, we find that perturbations of GOLPH3L expression produce effects on Golgi morphology that are opposite to those of GOLPH3 and MYO18A. GOLPH3L differs critically from GOLPH3 in that it is largely unable to bind to MYO18A. Our data demonstrate that despite their similarities, unexpectedly, GOLPH3L antagonizes GOLPH3/MYO18A at the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Ng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Sotgia F, Whitaker-Menezes D, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Salem AF, Tsirigos A, Lamb R, Sneddon S, Hulit J, Howell A, Lisanti MP. Mitochondria "fuel" breast cancer metabolism: fifteen markers of mitochondrial biogenesis label epithelial cancer cells, but are excluded from adjacent stromal cells. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4390-401. [PMID: 23172368 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present new genetic and morphological evidence that human tumors consist of two distinct metabolic compartments. First, re-analysis of genome-wide transcriptional profiling data revealed that > 95 gene transcripts associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial translation were significantly elevated in human breast cancer cells, as compared with adjacent stromal tissue. Remarkably, nearly 40 of these upregulated gene transcripts were mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs), functionally associated with mitochondrial translation of protein components of the OXPHOS complex. Second, during validation by immunohistochemistry, we observed that antibodies directed against 15 markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial translation (AKAP1, GOLPH3, GOLPH3L, MCT1, MRPL40, MRPS7, MRPS15, MRPS22, NRF1, NRF2, PGC1-α, POLRMT, TFAM, TIMM9 and TOMM70A) selectively labeled epithelial breast cancer cells. These same mitochondrial markers were largely absent or excluded from adjacent tumor stromal cells. Finally, markers of mitochondrial lipid synthesis (GOLPH3) and mitochondrial translation (POLRMT) were associated with poor clinical outcome in human breast cancer patients. Thus, we conclude that human breast cancers contain two distinct metabolic compartments-a glycolytic tumor stroma, which surrounds oxidative epithelial cancer cells-that are mitochondria-rich. The co-existence of these two compartments is indicative of metabolic symbiosis between epithelial cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. As such, epithelial breast cancer cells should be viewed as predatory metabolic "parasites," which undergo anabolic reprogramming to amplify their mitochondrial "power." This notion is consistent with the observation that the anti-malarial agent chloroquine may be an effective anticancer agent. New anticancer therapies should be developed to target mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial translation in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sotgia
- Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA.
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