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The Biocomplex Assembled from Antigen Peptide and Toll-like Receptor Agonist Improved the Immunity against Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma In Vivo. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2965496. [PMID: 36059807 PMCID: PMC9436581 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2965496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose One of the biggest challenges in cancer immunotherapy is generating robust cancer-specific immunity. This work describes using a biocomplex assembled from a toll-like receptor agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 (CpG) and a pancreatic cancer antigen peptide mesothelin for tuning pancreatic tumor immunity. Methods This biocomplex was assembled via electrostatic interactions and characterized in size, morphology, zeta potential, and cargo loading. The effect of biocomplex on cell viability and activation of DCs and macrophages were measured by flow cytometry. The production of cytokines (GM-CSF, TNF, and IL-6) was evaluated by using ELISA kits. The effect of biocomplex on tumor cell proliferation was also evaluated by in vivo tumor model. Result We can modulate the surface charge of the biocomplex by simply varying the ratios of the two components. In cell models, this biocomplex did not impact cell viability in the antigen-presenting cell (i.e., dendritic cell and macrophage)-directed immunity. Moreover, this biocomplex regulated the secretion of tumor-related cytokines (i.e., GM-CSF, TNF, and IL-6) and promoted the activation of immune cell surface markers (i.e., CD80+, CD86+, and CD40+). In the mouse model, the biocomplex inhibited the tumor burden effectively and promoted the production of effector cytokines. Conclusion The present studies showed that the biocomplex with antigen peptide and toll-like receptor agonist was able to potentiate the antitumor immunity in vivo. This study will help understanding of immunity in pancreatic cancer and developing new immune therapeutic strategies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Fekrirad Z, Barzegar Behrooz A, Ghaemi S, Khosrojerdi A, Zarepour A, Zarrabi A, Arefian E, Ghavami S. Immunology Meets Bioengineering: Improving the Effectiveness of Glioblastoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3698. [PMID: 35954362 PMCID: PMC9367505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) therapy has seen little change over the past two decades. Surgical excision followed by radiation and chemotherapy is the current gold standard treatment. Immunotherapy techniques have recently transformed many cancer treatments, and GBM is now at the forefront of immunotherapy research. GBM immunotherapy prospects are reviewed here, with an emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses. Various forms of nanomaterials to enhance immunotherapy effectiveness are also discussed. For GBM treatment and immunotherapy, we outline the specific properties of nanomaterials. In addition, we provide a short overview of several 3D (bio)printing techniques and their applications in stimulating the GBM microenvironment. Lastly, the susceptibility of GBM cancer cells to the various immunotherapy methods will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fekrirad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran 18735-136, Iran;
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Brain Cancer Research Group, Department of Cancer, Asu Vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran;
| | - Shokoofeh Ghaemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6619, Iran;
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey;
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6619, Iran;
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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Sharma R, Liaw K, Sharma A, Jimenez A, Chang M, Salazar S, Amlani I, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Glycosylation of PAMAM dendrimers significantly improves tumor macrophage targeting and specificity in glioblastoma. J Control Release 2021; 337:179-192. [PMID: 34274384 PMCID: PMC8600682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is among the most aggressive forms of cancers, with a median survival of just 15-20 months for patients despite maximum clinical intervention. The majority of conventional anti-cancer therapies fail due to associated off-site toxicities which can be addressed by developing target-specific drug delivery systems. Advances in nanotechnology have provided targeted systems to overcome drug delivery barriers associated with brain and other types of cancers. Dendrimers have emerged as promising vehicles for targeted drug and gene delivery. Dendrimer-mediated targeting strategies can be further enhanced through the addition of targeting ligands to enable receptor-specific interactions. Here, we explore the sugar moieties as ligands conjugated to hydroxyl-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers to leverage altered metabolism in cancer and immune targeting. Using a highly facile click chemistry approach, we modified the surface of dendrimers with glucose, mannose, or galactose moieties in a well-defined manner, to target upregulated sugar transporters in the context of glioblastoma. We show that glucose modification significantly enhanced targeting of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and microglia by increasing brain penetration and cellular internalization, while galactose modification shifts targeting away from TAMs towards galectins on glioblastoma tumor cells. Mannose modification did not alter TAMs and microglia targeting of these dendrimers, but did alter their kinetics of accumulation within the GBM tumor. The whole body biodistribution was largely similar between the systems. These results demonstrate that dendrimers are versatile delivery vehicles that can be modified to tailor their targeting for the treatment of glioblastoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ambar Jimenez
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michelle Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sebastian Salazar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Imaan Amlani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Tran K, Brice R, Yao L. Bioscaffold-based study of glioblastoma cell behavior and drug delivery for tumor therapy. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105049. [PMID: 33945833 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a severe form of brain cancer with an average five-year survival rate of 6.7%. Current treatment strategies include surgical resection of the tumor area and lining the lesion site with therapeutics, which offer only a moderate impact on increasing survival rates. Drug-testing models based on the monolayer cell culture method may partially explain the lack of advancement in effective GBM treatment, because this model is limited in its ability to show heterogeneous cell-cell and cell-environment interactions as tumor cells in the in vivo state. The development of bioscaffold-based culture models is an important improvement in GBM research, preclinical trials, and targeted drug testing, through better mimicking of the heterogeneity of tumor environmental conditions. A major hurdle towards better GBM outcomes is in delivering medication across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which normally prevents the crossing of materials into the treatment site. The delivery of therapeutics using bioscaffolds is a potential means of overcoming the BBB and could potentially facilitate long-lasting drug release. A number of natural and synthetic materials have been studied for their biodegradability, toxicity, distribution, and pharmaceutical stability, which are needed to determine the overall effectiveness and safety of glioblastoma treatment. This review summarizes advancements in the research of bioscaffold-based GBM cell growth systems and the potential of using bioscaffolds as a carrier for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmy Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
| | - Ryan Brice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA.
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Bryukhovetskiy I, Sharma A, Zhang Z, Sharma HS. Preface. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 151:xix-xxvi. [PMID: 32448617 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(20)30078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Tian ZR, Sahib S, Bryukhovetskiy I, Bryukhovetskiy A, Buzoianu AD, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier in brain tumor. Novel therapeutic advances using nanomedicine. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 151:1-66. [PMID: 32448602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, associated with a high mortality rate and a survival of between 12 and 15 months after diagnosis. Due to current treatment limitations involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolamide, there is a high rate of treatment failure and recurrence. To try to overcome these limitations nanotechnology has emerged as a novel alternative. Lipid, polymeric, silica and magnetic nanoparticles, among others, are being developed to improve GBM treatment and diagnosis. These nanoformulations have many advantages, including lower toxicity, biocompatibility and the ability to be directed toward the tumor. This article reviews the progress that have been made and the large variety of nanoparticles currently under study for GBM.
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Liang Z, Xu J, Gu C. Novel role of the SRY-related high-mobility-group box D gene in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:83-90. [PMID: 31356865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The SRY-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) gene family encodes a set of transcription factors and is defined by the presence of highly conserved domains. The Sox gene can be divided into 10 groups (A-J). The SoxD subpopulation consists of Sox5, Sox6, Sox13 and Sox23, which are involved in the transcriptional regulation of developmental processes, including embryonic development, nerve growth and cartilage formation. Recently, the SoxD gene family was recognized as important transcriptional regulators associated with many types of cancer. In addition, Sox5 and Sox6 are representatives of the D subfamily, and there are many related studies; however, there are few reports on Sox13 and Sox23. In this review, we first introduce the structures of the SoxD genes. Next, we summarize the latest research progress on SoxD in various types of cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential direction of future SoxD research. In general, the information reviewed here may contribute to future experimental design and increase the potential of SoxD as a cancer treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chunhu Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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9
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Agarwal S, Muniyandi P, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Vesicular systems employing natural substances as promising drug candidates for MMP inhibition in glioblastoma: A nanotechnological approach. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:339-361. [PMID: 30236647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), one of the most lethal Brain tumors, characterized by its high invasive nature and increased mortality rates forms a major bottleneck in transport of therapeutics across the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are classified as enzymes, which are found to be up regulated in the Glioma tumor microenvironment and thus can be considered as a target for inhibition for curbing GBM. Many chemotherapeutics and techniques have been employed for inhibiting MMPs till now but all of them failed miserably and were withdrawn in clinical trials due to their inability in restricting the tumor growth or increasing the overall survival rates. Thus, the quest for finding the suitable MMP inhibitor is still on and there is a critical need for identification of novel compounds which can alter the BBB permeability, restrain tumor growth and prevent tumor recurrence. Currently, naturally derived substances are gaining widespread attention as tumor inhibitors and many studies have been reported by far highlighting their importance in restricting MMP expression thus serving as chemotherapeutics for cancer due to their minimal toxicity. These substances may serve as probable candidates for inhibiting MMP expression in GBM. However, targeting and delivering the inhibitor to its target site is an issue that needs to be overcome in order to attain maximum specificity and sustained release. The birth of nanotechnology served as a boon in delivering drugs to the most complicated areas thus paving way for Nano drug delivery. An efficient Nano carrier with ability to cross the BBB and competently kill the Glioma cells forms the prerequisite for GBM chemotherapy. Vesicular drug delivery systems are one such class of carriers, which have the capacity to release the drug at a predetermined rate at the target site thus minimizing any undesirable side effects. Exploiting vesicular systems as promising Nano drug carriers to formulate naturally derived substances, that can bypass the BBB and act as an inhibitor against MMPs in GBM is the main theme of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Agarwal
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Priyadharshni Muniyandi
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - D Sakthi Kumar
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
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10
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Sultan D, Ye D, Heo GS, Zhang X, Luehmann H, Yue Y, Detering L, Komarov S, Taylor S, Tai YC, Rubin JB, Chen H, Liu Y. Focused Ultrasound Enabled Trans-Blood Brain Barrier Delivery of Gold Nanoclusters: Effect of Surface Charges and Quantification Using Positron Emission Tomography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703115. [PMID: 29966035 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) technology is reported to enhance the delivery of 64 Cu-integrated ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (64 Cu-AuNCs) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as measured by positron emission tomography (PET). To better define the optimal physical properties for brain delivery, 64 Cu-AuNCs with different surface charges are synthesized and characterized. In vivo biodistribution studies are performed to compare the individual organ uptake of each type of 64 Cu-AuNCs. Quantitative PET imaging post-FUS treatment shows site-targeted brain penetration, retention, and diffusion of the negative, neutral, and positive 64 Cu-AuNCs. Autoradiography is performed to compare the intrabrain distribution of these nanoclusters. PET Imaging demonstrates the effective BBB opening and successful delivery of 64 Cu-AuNCs into the brain. Of the three 64 Cu-AuNCs investigated, the neutrally charged nanostructure performs the best and is the candidate platform for future theranostic applications in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sergey Komarov
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sara Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yuan-Chuan Tai
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Lee CW, Hsu LF, Lee MH, Lee IT, Liu JF, Chiang YC, Tsai MH. Extracts of Artocarpus communis Induce Mitochondria-Associated Apoptosis via Pro-oxidative Activity in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:411. [PMID: 29770114 PMCID: PMC5941989 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive and devastating malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Its incidence is increasing and the prognosis is poor. Artocarpin is a natural prenylated flavonoid with various anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Studies have shown that artocarpin is associated with cell death of primary glioblastoma cells. However, the in vivo effects and the cellular and molecular mechanisms modulating the anticancer activities of artocarpin remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that treating the glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U118 cells with artocarpin induced apoptosis. Artocarpin-induced apoptosis is associated with caspase activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and is mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. This is associated with mitochondrial depolarization, mitochondrial-derived reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, cytochrome c release, Bad and Bax upregulations, and Bcl-2 downregulation. Artocarpin induced NADPH oxidase/ROS generation plays an important role in the mitochondrial pathway activation. Furthermore, we found artocarpin-induced ROS production in mitochondria is associated with Akt- and ERK1/2 activation. After treatment with artocarpin, ROS causes PI3K/Akt/ERK1/2-induced cell death of these tumor cells. These observations were further verified by the results from the implantation of both U87 and U118 cells into in vivo mouse. In conclusion, our findings suggest that artocarpin induces mitochondria-associated apoptosis of glioma cells, suggesting that artocarpine can be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for future GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Wen Lee
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Fen Hsu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsueh Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Yunlin Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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12
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Seo YE, Bu T, Saltzman WM. Nanomaterials for convection-enhanced delivery of agents to treat brain tumors. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 4:1-12. [PMID: 29333521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials represent a promising and versatile platform for the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Treatment of brain tumors has been a long-standing challenge in the field of neuro-oncology. The current standard of care - a multimodal approach of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy - yields only a modest therapeutic benefit for patients with malignant gliomas. A major obstacle for treatment is the failure to achieve sufficient delivery of therapeutics at the tumor site. Recent advances in local drug delivery techniques, along with the development of highly effective brain-penetrating nanocarriers, have significantly improved treatment and imaging of brain tumors in preclinical studies. The major advantage of this combined strategy is the ability to optimize local therapy, by maintaining an effective and sustained concentration of therapeutics in the brain with minimal systemic toxicity. This review highlights some of the latest developments, significant advancements and current challenges in local delivery of nanomaterials for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Tom Bu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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13
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Chung LK, Bhatt NS, Lagman C, Pelargos PE, Qin Y, Gordon LK, Wadehra M, Yang I. Epithelial membrane protein 2: Molecular interactions and clinical implications. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 44:84-88. [PMID: 28720310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) is a cell surface protein that has recently emerged as an object of neuro-oncological interest due to its potential to be utilized as a biomarker and target for antibody therapies. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that EMP2 is associated with disease prognosis in a number of human cancers, including glioblastoma. The four large extracellular domains of EMP2 and its association with the extracellular matrix makes it an attractive target for future cancer therapies. Translational research suggests that EMP2 may be targeted with antibodies to improve tumor control and survival in a variety of murine models and cancer types. However, in order to translate these preclinical findings into the clinic, future research will need to focus on elucidating the role EMP2 in the normal human body by better understanding its molecular and chemical interactions. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight into current research endeavors, discuss the potential for clinically translatable applications, and predict the future directions of such research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrance K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nikhilesh S Bhatt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carlito Lagman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Panayiotis E Pelargos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 550, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Schiariti MP, Restelli F, Ferroli P, Benetti A, Berenzi A, Ferri A, Ceserani V, Ciusani E, Cadei M, Finocchiaro G, Pessina A, Parati E, Pallini R, Alessandri G. Fibronectin-adherent peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells as Paclitaxel carriers for glioblastoma treatment: An in vitro study. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:721-734. [PMID: 28434806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults, with a risible median life expectancy despite gold standard treatment. Novel drug-delivery methods have been explored. Here we evaluated the possibility to use mononuclear cells (MCs) belonging to the monocytic-dendritic lineage as drug-carrier. METHODS MCs were obtained from 10 patients harboring a GBM, and from healthy volunteers, considered as controls. GBM tissue was also obtained from patients. MCs were cultured and the adherent population on fibronectin (FN-MCs), after immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry characterization, was loaded with Paclitaxel (FN-MCs-PTX). Antiproliferative and migration activity of FN-MCs-PTX was evaluated in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) co-culture assays with red fluorescent U87 Malignant Glioma cells and primary GBM cells. Antiangiogenic properties of FN-MCs-PTX were tested on cultures with endothelial cells. RESULTS Phenotypical characterization showed a high expression of monocytic-dendritic markers in GBM cells and FN-MCs. FN-MCs demonstrated to effectively uptake PTX and to strongly inhibit GBM growth in vitro (P <0.01). Moreover, tumor-induced migration of MCs, although partially affected by the PTX cargo, remained statistically significant when compared with unprimed cells and this was confirmed in a 3D Matrigel model (P <0.01) and in a Trans-well assay (P <0.01). FN-MCs-PTX also disclosed considerable antiangiogenic properties. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the fibronectin-adherent population of MCs isolated from peripheral blood can be an effective tool to inhibit GBM growth. Given the relative facility to obtain such cells and the short time needed for their culture and drug loading this approach may have potential as an adjuvant therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolo Schiariti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Restelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferroli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Benetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angiola Berenzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Ferri
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ceserani
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Neurogenetic Medicine, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Molecular Neuroncology Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Parati
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University of Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
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15
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Nguyen T, Lagman C, Chung LK, Chen CHJ, Poon J, Ong V, Voth BL, Yang I. Insights into CCL21's roles in immunosurveillance and immunotherapy for gliomas. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 305:29-34. [PMID: 28284342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 21 (CCL21) is involved in immunosurveillance and has recently garnered the attention of neuro-oncologists and neuroscientists. CCL21 contains an extended C-terminus, which increases binding to lymphatic glycosaminoglycans and provides a mechanism for cell trafficking by forming a stationary chemokine concentration gradient that allows cell migration via haptotaxis. CCL21 is expressed by endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier in physiologic and pathologic conditions. CCL21 has also been implicated in leukocyte extravasation into the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the role of CCL21 in immunosurveillance and explore its potential as an immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carlito Lagman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lawrance K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cheng Hao Jacky Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Poon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vera Ong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brittany L Voth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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16
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Miao YF, Lv T, Wang R, Wu H, Yang SF, Dai J, Zhang XH. CpG and transfer factor assembled on nanoparticles reduce tumor burden in mice glioma model. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17395k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes the use of a transfer factor, a low molecular protein that can transfer cell mediated immunity from donor to recipient, and CpG, a clinically relevant toll-like receptor agonist, for treating glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
| | - Shao-Feng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
| | - Jiong Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
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17
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Current and future strategies for treatment of glioma. Neurosurg Rev 2016; 40:1-14. [PMID: 27085859 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-016-0709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most common types of primary brain tumors and have remained particularly challenging to treat. This review illustrates a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of glioma and glioblastoma. We will review current advances in surgical approaches, novel imaging techniques, advanced molecular characterization of tumors and translational efforts for treatment. We will focus on current clinical trials as well as the pursuit of personalized or precision therapy. We will also comment on the importance of both quality of life of our patients and their care givers.
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