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Mataix-Cols D, Fernández de la Cruz L, De Schipper E, Kuja-Halkola R, Bulik CM, Crowley JJ, Neufeld J, Rück C, Tammimies K, Lichtenstein P, Bölte S, Beucke JC. In search of environmental risk factors for obsessive-compulsive disorder: study protocol for the OCDTWIN project. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:442. [PMID: 37328750 PMCID: PMC10273515 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remain unknown. Gene-searching efforts are well underway, but the identification of environmental risk factors is at least as important and should be a priority because some of them may be amenable to prevention or early intervention strategies. Genetically informative studies, particularly those employing the discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin design, are ideally suited to study environmental risk factors. This protocol paper describes the study rationale, aims, and methods of OCDTWIN, an open cohort of MZ twin pairs who are discordant for the diagnosis of OCD. METHODS OCDTWIN has two broad aims. In Aim 1, we are recruiting MZ twin pairs from across Sweden, conducting thorough clinical assessments, and building a biobank of biological specimens, including blood, saliva, urine, stool, hair, nails, and multimodal brain imaging. A wealth of early life exposures (e.g., perinatal variables, health-related information, psychosocial stressors) are available through linkage with the nationwide registers and the Swedish Twin Registry. Blood spots stored in the Swedish phenylketonuria (PKU) biobank will be available to extract DNA, proteins, and metabolites, providing an invaluable source of biomaterial taken at birth. In Aim 2, we will perform within-pair comparisons of discordant MZ twins, which will allow us to isolate unique environmental risk factors that are in the causal pathway to OCD, while strictly controlling for genetic and early shared environmental influences. To date (May 2023), 43 pairs of twins (21 discordant for OCD) have been recruited. DISCUSSION OCDTWIN hopes to generate unique insights into environmental risk factors that are in the causal pathway to OCD, some of which have the potential of being actionable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lorena Fernández de la Cruz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elles De Schipper
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James J Crowley
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Janina Neufeld
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Rück
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Tammimies
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Bölte
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jan C Beucke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Mataix-Cols D, de la Cruz LF, de Schipper E, Kuja-Halkola R, Bulik CM, Crowley JJ, Neufeld J, Rück C, Tammimies K, Lichtenstein P, Bölte S, Beucke JC. In search of environmental risk factors for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Study protocol for the OCDTWIN project. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2897566. [PMID: 37215041 PMCID: PMC10197758 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2897566/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remain unknown. Gene-searching efforts are well underway, but the identification of environmental risk factors is at least as important and should be a priority because some of them may be amenable to prevention or early intervention strategies. Genetically informative studies, particularly those employing the discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin design, are ideally suited to study environmental risk factors. This protocol paper describes the study rationale, aims, and methods of OCDTWIN, an open cohort of MZ twin pairs who are discordant for the diagnosis of OCD. Methods OCDTWIN has two broad aims. In Aim 1, we are recruiting MZ twin pairs from across Sweden, conducting thorough clinical assessments, and building a biobank of biological specimens, including blood, saliva, urine, stool, hair, nails, and multimodal brain imaging. A wealth of early life exposures (e.g., perinatal variables, health-related information, psychosocial stressors) are available through linkage with the nationwide registers and the Swedish Twin Registry. Blood spots stored in the Swedish phenylketonuria (PKU) biobank will be available to extract DNA, proteins, and metabolites, providing an invaluable source of biomaterial taken at birth. In Aim 2, we will perform within-pair comparisons of discordant MZ twins, which will allow us to isolate unique environmental risk factors that are in the causal pathway to OCD, while strictly controlling for genetic and early shared environmental influences. To date (May 2023), 43 pairs of twins (21 discordant for OCD) have been recruited. Discussion OCDTWIN hopes to generate unique insights into environmental risk factors that are in the causal pathway to OCD, some of which have the potential of being actionable targets.
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Genetic predisposition to central nervous system tumors in children - what the neurosurgeon should know. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:3025-3034. [PMID: 35660974 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, few pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors were thought to result from genetic predisposition. However, within the last decade, new DNA sequencing methods have led to an increased recognition of high-risk cancer predisposition syndromes in children with CNS tumors. Thus, genetic predisposition is increasingly impacting clinical pediatric neuro-oncology. METHODS In this narrative review, we discuss the current understanding of genetic predisposition to childhood CNS tumors and provide a general overview of involved research methodologies and terminology. Moreover, we consider how germline genetics may influence neurosurgical practice. RESULTS Introduction of next-generation DNA sequencing has greatly increased our understanding of genetic predisposition to pediatric CNS tumors by enabling whole-exome/-genome sequencing of large cohorts. To date, the scientific literature has reported germline sequencing findings for more than 2000 children with CNS tumors. Although varying between tumor types, at least 10% of childhood CNS tumors can currently be explained by rare pathogenic germline variants in known cancer-related genes. Novel methodologies continue to uncover new mechanisms, suggesting that a much higher proportion of children with CNS tumors have underlying genetic causes. Understanding how genetic predisposition influences tumor biology and the clinical course in a given patient may mandate adjustments to neurosurgical treatment. CONCLUSION Germline genetics is becoming increasingly important to clinicians, including neurosurgeons. This review provides an updated overview of genetic predisposition to childhood CNS tumors with focus on aspects relevant to pediatric neurosurgeons.
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Hazra S, Chaudhuri AG, Tiwary BK, Chakrabarti N. Integrated network-based multiple computational analyses for identification of co-expressed candidate genes associated with neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17141. [PMID: 36229517 PMCID: PMC9558001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
'Tripartite network' (TN) and 'combined gene network' (CGN) were constructed and their hub-bottleneck and driver nodes (44 genes) were evaluated as 'target genes' (TG) to identify 21 'candidate genes' (CG) and their relationship with neurological manifestations of COVID-19. TN was developed using neurological symptoms of COVID-19 found in literature. Under query genes (TG of TN), co-expressed genes were identified using pair-wise mutual information to genes available in RNA-Seq autopsy data of frontal cortex of COVID-19 victims. CGN was constructed with genes selected from TN and co-expressed in COVID-19. TG and their connecting genes of respective networks underwent functional analyses through findings of their enrichment terms and pair-wise 'semantic similarity scores' (SSS). A new integrated 'weighted harmonic mean score' was formulated assimilating values of SSS and STRING-based 'combined score' of the selected TG-pairs, which provided CG-pairs with properties of CGs as co-expressed and 'indispensable nodes' in CGN. Finally, six pairs sharing seven 'prevalent CGs' (ADAM10, ADAM17, AKT1, CTNNB1, ESR1, PIK3CA, FGFR1) showed linkages with the phenotypes (a) directly under neurodegeneration, neurodevelopmental diseases, tumour/cancer and cellular signalling, and (b) indirectly through other CGs under behavioural/cognitive and motor dysfunctions. The pathophysiology of 'prevalent CGs' has been discussed to interpret neurological phenotypes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvojit Hazra
- CPEPA-UGC Centre for "Electro-Physiological and Neuro-Imaging Studies Including Mathematical Modelling", University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Basant K Tiwary
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India.
| | - Nilkanta Chakrabarti
- CPEPA-UGC Centre for "Electro-Physiological and Neuro-Imaging Studies Including Mathematical Modelling", University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Capasso M, Montella A, Tirelli M, Maiorino T, Cantalupo S, Iolascon A. Genetic Predisposition to Solid Pediatric Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:590033. [PMID: 33194750 PMCID: PMC7656777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.590033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progresses over the past years have extensively improved our capacity to use genome-scale analyses—including high-density genotyping and exome and genome sequencing—to identify the genetic basis of pediatric tumors. In particular, exome sequencing has contributed to the evidence that about 10% of children and adolescents with tumors have germline genetic variants associated with cancer predisposition. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic variations predisposing to solid pediatric tumors (medulloblastoma, ependymoma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma) and outline the biological processes affected by the involved mutated genes. A careful description of the genetic basis underlying a large number of syndromes associated with an increased risk of pediatric cancer is also reported. We place particular emphasis on the emerging view that interactions between germline and somatic alterations are a key determinant of cancer development. We propose future research directions, which focus on the biological function of pediatric risk alleles and on the potential links between the germline genome and somatic changes. Finally, the importance of developing new molecular diagnostic tests including all the identified risk germline mutations and of considering the genetic predisposition in screening tests and novel therapies is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Matilde Tirelli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Maiorino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Sueva Cantalupo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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Zhu S, Lin F, Chen Z, Jiang X, Zhang J, Yang Q, Chen Y, Wang J. Identification of a Twelve-Gene Signature and Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram Predicting Overall Survival for Medulloblastoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:563882. [PMID: 33101383 PMCID: PMC7495025 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma is the common pediatric malignant tumor with poor prognosis in cerebellum. However, MB is always with clinical heterogeneity. To provide patients with more clinically beneficial treatment strategies, there is a pressing need to develop a new prognostic prediction model as a supplement to the prediction outcomes of clinical judgment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four datasets of mRNA expression and clinical data were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functionally enriched among GSE50161, GSE74195, GSE86574. Then we used STRING and Cytoscape to constructed and analyze protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and hub genes. Univariate cox regression analysis was performed to identify overall survival-related hub genes in an unique dataset from GSE85217 as train cohort. Lasso Cox regression model was used to construct the prognostic gene signature. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Kaplan-Meier curve, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic capacity of the twelve-gene signature. A unique dataset from GSE85217 was downloaded to further validate the results. Finally, we established the nomogram by using the gene signature and validated it with ROC curve. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out to further investigate its potential molecular mechanism. Besides, the twelve genes expression at the mRNA and protein levels was validated using external database such as Oncomine, cBioportal and HPA, respectively. RESULTS A twelve-gene signature comprising FOXM1, NEK2, CCT2, ACTL6A, EIF4A3, CCND2, ABL1, SYNCRIP, ITGB1, NRXN2, ENAH, and UMPS was established to predict overall survival of medulloblastoma. The ROC curve showed good performance in survival prediction in both the train cohort and the validation cohort. The twelve-gene signature could stratify patients into a high risk and low risk group which had significantly different survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed that the twelve-gene signature was an independent prognostic factor in medulloblastoma. Nomogram, which included twelve-gene signatures, was established and showed some clinical benefit. CONCLUSION Our study identified a twelve-gene signature and established a prognostic nomogram that reliably predicts overall survival in medulloblastoma. The above results will help us to better analyze the pathogenesis and treatment of medulloblastoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunying Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinsheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Campione E, Di Prete M, Lozzi F, Lanna C, Spallone G, Mazzeo M, Cosio T, Rapanotti C, Dika E, Gaziano R, Orlandi A, Bianchi L. High-Risk Recurrence Basal Cell Carcinoma: Focus on Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors and Review of the Literature. Chemotherapy 2020; 65:2-10. [PMID: 32777789 DOI: 10.1159/000509156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin tumour, with the majority of the cases occurring on the head and neck district, where cosmetic and functional results are crucial. It can be locally destructive if not diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most lesions, but aggressive, recurrent, or unresectable tumours can be challenging to manage. Advanced basal cell carcinoma includes high recurrence risk subtypes, in which standard therapies demonstrate lack of efficacy. This led to a need for investigating more deeply the pathogenesis of the disease and to the discovery of the implication of the hedgehog pathway. The development of systemic inhibitors of this pathway provides new treatment options for patients with advanced disease, resulting in survival improvement. Food and Drug Administration, before, and European Medicines Agency later approved 2 Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinomas, vismodegib and sonidegib. Here, we present a review of the current English language literature trying to analyze differences in the 2 drugs as a head-to-head comparison between them has not already been documented in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Although vismodegib and sonidegib showed similar efficacy and safety profiles, in an indirect comparison scenario, sonidegib has shown slightly better outcomes in locally advanced basal cell carcinoma than vismodegib. They present different molecular structures, as they bind different residues on their targets and develop resistance for different mutations. In a future scenario, clinical trials comparing the 2 drugs are needed, as well as expanding data on discontinuation of therapy and/or consequential administration of them, with the aim to improve our clinical practise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campione
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,
| | - Monia Di Prete
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Lozzi
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lanna
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Spallone
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Mazzeo
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Terenzio Cosio
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Rapanotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emi Dika
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Gaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Chang H, Zhang X, Li B, Meng X. MAGI2-AS3 suppresses MYC signaling to inhibit cell proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer through targeting miR-525-5p/MXD1 axis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6377-6386. [PMID: 32681706 PMCID: PMC7476821 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OV) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignance in females, and usually diagnosed at advanced stages. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit their crucial functions in modulatory mechanisms of cancers. Substantive studies have proven the anti-tumor role of MAGI2-AS3 in multiple cancers, but the physiological functions of MAGI2-AS3 in OV need more detailed explanations. The current study corroborated that overexpression of MAGI2-AS3 executed inhibitory activity in OV via hindering cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration as well as invasion while promoted apoptosis. Moreover MAGI2-AS3 bound with miR-525-5p and negatively regulated the expression of miR-525-5p. Further studies testified that MXD1 was a downstream target of miR-525-5p and the competing relationship between MAGI2-AS3 and MXD1 were confirmed by RNA pull down. Based on the combination between MAX and MYC, we analyzed the effects of MAGI2-AS3 on MXD1 and MYC, unveiling the competing relationship between MXD1 and MYC for binding to MAX. Finally, we constructed rescue assays to certify that MAGI2-AS3 suppressed the course of OV via enhancing MXD1 expression. In summary, MAGI2-AS3 repressed the progression of OV by targeting miR-525-5p/MXD1 axis, offering a novel insight into understanding OV at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Baixue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiangkai Meng
- Department of Gynecology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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9
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Muskens IS, Zhang C, de Smith AJ, Biegel JA, Walsh KM, Wiemels JL. Germline genetic landscape of pediatric central nervous system tumors. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:1376-1388. [PMID: 31247102 PMCID: PMC6827836 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common type of cancer among children. Depending on histopathology, anatomic location, and genomic factors, specific subgroups of brain tumors have some of the highest cancer-related mortality rates or result in considerable lifelong morbidity. Pediatric CNS tumors often occur in patients with genetic predisposition, at times revealing underlying cancer predisposition syndromes. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have resulted in the identification of an increasing number of cancer predisposition genes. In this review, the literature on genetic predisposition to pediatric CNS tumors is evaluated with a discussion of potential future targets for NGS and clinical implications. Furthermore, we explore potential strategies for enhancing the understanding of genetic predisposition of pediatric CNS tumors, including evaluation of non-European populations, pan-genomic approaches, and large collaborative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S Muskens
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chenan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Adam J de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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10
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Dahlin AM, Wibom C, Andersson U, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Deltour I, Hougaard DM, Scheurer ME, Lau CC, McKean-Cowdin R, Kennedy RJ, Hung LT, Yee J, Margol AS, Barrington-Trimis J, Gauderman WJ, Feychting M, Schüz J, Röösli M, Kjaerheim K, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D, Fichna M, Nowak J, Searles Nielsen S, Asgharzadeh S, Mirabello L, Hjalmars U, Melin B. A genome-wide association study on medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:309-315. [PMID: 32056145 PMCID: PMC7136185 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medulloblastoma is a malignant embryonal tumor of the cerebellum that occurs predominantly in children. To find germline genetic variants associated with medulloblastoma risk, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 244 medulloblastoma cases and 247 control subjects from Sweden and Denmark. METHODS Genotyping was performed using Illumina BeadChips, and untyped variants were imputed using IMPUTE2. RESULTS Fifty-nine variants in 11 loci were associated with increased medulloblastoma risk (p < 1 × 10-5), but none were statistically significant after adjusting for multiple testing (p < 5 × 10-8). Thirteen of these variants were genotyped, whereas 46 were imputed. Genotyped variants were further investigated in a validation study comprising 249 medulloblastoma cases and 629 control subjects. In the validation study, rs78021424 (18p11.23, PTPRM) was associated with medulloblastoma risk with OR in the same direction as in the discovery cohort (ORT = 1.59, pvalidation = 0.02). We also selected seven medulloblastoma predisposition genes for investigation using a candidate gene approach: APC, BRCA2, PALB2, PTCH1, SUFU, TP53, and GPR161. The strongest evidence for association was found for rs201458864 (PALB2, ORT = 3.76, p = 3.2 × 10-4) and rs79036813 (PTCH1, ORA = 0.42, p = 2.6 × 10-3). CONCLUSION The results of this study, including a novel potential medulloblastoma risk loci at 18p11.23, are suggestive but need further validation in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Dahlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Wibom
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Deltour
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching C Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebekah J Kennedy
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Long T Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janis Yee
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley S Margol
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Feychting
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Fichna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jerzy Nowak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Susan Searles Nielsen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulf Hjalmars
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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11
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Ostrom QT, Fahmideh MA, Cote DJ, Muskens IS, Schraw JM, Scheurer ME, Bondy ML. Risk factors for childhood and adult primary brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2019; 21:1357-1375. [PMID: 31301133 PMCID: PMC6827837 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary brain tumors account for ~1% of new cancer cases and ~2% of cancer deaths in the United States; however, they are the most commonly occurring solid tumors in children. These tumors are very heterogeneous and can be broadly classified into malignant and benign (or non-malignant), and specific histologies vary in frequency by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Epidemiological studies have explored numerous potential risk factors, and thus far the only validated associations for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in both adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk in adults). Studies of genetic risk factors have identified 32 germline variants associated with increased risk for these tumors in adults (25 in glioma, 2 in meningioma, 3 in pituitary adenoma, and 2 in primary CNS lymphoma), and further studies are currently under way for other histologic subtypes, as well as for various childhood brain tumors. While identifying risk factors for these tumors is difficult due to their rarity, many existing datasets can be leveraged for future discoveries in multi-institutional collaborations. Many institutions are continuing to develop large clinical databases including pre-diagnostic risk factor data, and developments in molecular characterization of tumor subtypes continue to allow for investigation of more refined phenotypes. Key Point 1. Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors that vary significantly in incidence by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.2. The only well-validated risk factors for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk).3. Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 histology-specific inherited genetic variants associated with increased risk of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Ostrom
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maral Adel Fahmideh
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Cote
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivo S Muskens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeremy M Schraw
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Dahlin AM, Wibom C, Andersson U, Hougaard DM, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Deltour I, Hultman CM, Kähler AK, Karlsson R, Hjalmars U, Melin B. Genetic Variants in the 9p21.3 Locus Associated with Glioma Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Case-Control Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1252-1258. [PMID: 31040135 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified germline genetic variants in 25 genetic loci that increase the risk of developing glioma in adulthood. It is not known if these variants increase the risk of developing glioma in children and adolescents and young adults (AYA). To date, no studies have performed genome-wide analyses to find novel genetic variants associated with glioma risk in children and AYA. METHODS We investigated the association between 8,831,628 genetic variants and risk of glioma in 854 patients diagnosed up to the age of 29 years and 3,689 controls from Sweden and Denmark. Recruitment of patients and controls was population based. Genotyping was performed using Illumina BeadChips, and untyped variants were imputed with IMPUTE2. We selected 41 established adult glioma risk variants for detailed investigation. RESULTS Three adult glioma risk variants, rs634537, rs2157719, and rs145929329, all mapping to the 9p21.3 (CDKN2B-AS1) locus, were associated with glioma risk in children and AYA. The strongest association was seen for rs634537 (odds ratioG = 1.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.09-1.35; P = 5.8 × 10-4). In genome-wide analysis, an association with risk was suggested for 129 genetic variants (P <1 × 10-5). CONCLUSIONS Carriers of risk alleles in the 9p21.3 locus have an increased risk of glioma throughout life. The results from genome-wide association analyses require validation in independent cohorts. IMPACT Our findings line up with existing evidence that some, although not all, established adult glioma risk variants are associated with risk of glioma in children and AYA. Validation of results from genome-wide analyses may reveal novel susceptibility loci for glioma in children and AYA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Dahlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Carl Wibom
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David M Hougaard
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Deltour
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anna K Kähler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hjalmars
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Miller CA, Dahiya S, Li T, Fulton RS, Smyth MD, Dunn GP, Rubin JB, Mardis ER. Resistance-promoting effects of ependymoma treatment revealed through genomic analysis of multiple recurrences in a single patient. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002444. [PMID: 29440180 PMCID: PMC5880262 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As in other brain tumors, multiple recurrences after complete resection and irradiation of supratentorial ependymoma are common and frequently result in patient death. This standard-of-care treatment was established in the pregenomic era without the ability to evaluate the effect that mutagenic therapies may exert on tumor evolution and in promoting resistance, recurrence, and death. We seized a rare opportunity to characterize treatment effects and the evolution of a single patient's ependymoma across four recurrences after different therapies. A combination of high-depth whole-genome and exome-based DNA sequencing of germline and tumor specimens, RNA sequencing of tumor specimens, and advanced computational analyses were used. Treatment with radiation and chemotherapies resulted in a substantial increase in mutational burden and diversification of the tumor subclonal architecture without eradication of the founding clone. Notable somatic alterations included a MEN1 driver, several epigenetic modifiers, and therapy-induced mutations that impacted multiple other cancer-relevant pathways and altered the neoantigen landscape. These genomic data provided new mechanistic insights into the genesis of ependymoma and pathways of resistance. They also revealed that radiation and chemotherapy were significant forces in shaping the increased subclonal complexity of each tumor recurrence while also failing to eradicate the founding clone. This raises the question of whether standard-of-care treatments have similar consequences in other patients with ependymoma and other types of brain tumors. If so, the perspective obtained by real-time genomic characterization of a tumor may be essential for making effective patient-specific and adaptive clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Robert S Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Matthew D Smyth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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14
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Zhou H, Zhuo Z, Chen S, Zhao J, Mo Y, Zhang J, He J, Ruan J. Polymorphisms in MYCN gene and neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children: a 3-center case-control study. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1807-1816. [PMID: 29997440 PMCID: PMC6033082 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s168515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. The MYCN oncogene is amplified in some neuroblastoma patients and correlated with poor prognosis. However, less is known regarding the relationship between MYCN gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and neuroblastoma risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS To investigate the contribution of MYCN gene polymorphisms to neuroblastoma risk, we performed a 3-center case-control study by genotyping 4 SNPs in the MYCN gene from 429 cases and 884 controls. RESULTS The results showed that only rs57961569 G>A was associated with neuroblastoma risk (GA vs GG: adjusted odds ratio =0.76, 95% confidence interval =0.60-0.98, P=0.033), while the other 3 SNPs were not (rs9653226 T>C, rs13034994 A>G, and rs60226897 G>A). Stratified analysis revealed that rs57961569 GG carriers were more likely to develop neuroblastoma in the following subgroups: children older than 18 months, tumor derived from the adrenal gland, and clinical stages III + IV. The increased neuroblastoma risk associated with the rs9653226 variant CC genotypes was more evident in the following subgroups: females, tumor derived from the adrenal gland, and clinical stages III + IV. The presence of 2-3 risk genotypes had a significant relationship with the following subgroups: tumor derived from the adrenal gland and clinical stages III + IV. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a weak impact of MYCN gene polymorphisms on neuroblastoma risk, which should be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, ,
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, ,
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, ,
| | - Yixiao Mo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, ,
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, ,
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Jichen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, ,
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15
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Maury E, Hashizume R. Epigenetic modification in chromatin machinery and its deregulation in pediatric brain tumors: Insight into epigenetic therapies. Epigenetics 2017; 12:353-369. [PMID: 28059591 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1278095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancies are characterized by the reprogramming of epigenetic patterns. This reprogramming includes gains or losses in DNA methylation and disruption of normal patterns of covalent histone modifications, which are associated with changes in chromatin remodeling processes. This review will focus on the mechanisms underlying this reprogramming and, specifically, on the role of histone modification in chromatin machinery and the modifications in epigenetic processes occurring in brain cancer, with a specific focus on epigenetic therapies for pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Maury
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Science in Society , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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16
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Lou E, Schomaker M, Wilson JD, Ahrens M, Dolan M, Nelson AC. Complete and sustained response of adult medulloblastoma to first-line sonic hedgehog inhibition with vismodegib. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:1010-1016. [PMID: 27682250 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1220453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is an aggressive primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the cerebellum that is rare in adults. Medulloblastomas fall into 4 prognostically significant molecular subgroups that are best defined by experimental gene expression profiles: the WNT pathway, sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, and subgroups 3 and 4 (non-SHH/WNT). Medulloblastoma of adults belong primarily to the SHH category. Vismodegib, an SHH-pathway inhibitor FDA-approved in 2012 for treatment of basal cell carcinoma, has been used successfully in the setting of chemorefractory medulloblastoma, but not as a first-line therapy. In this report, we describe a sustained response of an unresectable multifocal form of adult medulloblastoma to vismodegib. Molecular analysis in this case revealed mutations in TP53 and a cytogenetic abnormality, i17q, that is prevalent and most often associated with subgroup 4 rather than the SHH-activated form of medulloblastoma. Our findings indicate that vismodegib may also block alternate, non-canonical forms of downstream SHH pathway activation. These findings provide strong impetus for further investigation of vismodegib in clinical trials in the first-line setting for pediatric and adult forms of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Lou
- a Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Matthew Schomaker
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Jon D Wilson
- c Nephropath/Arkana Laboratories , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Mary Ahrens
- d Familial Cancer Clinic, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Michelle Dolan
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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