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McDonald B, Barth K, Schmidt MHH. The origin of brain malignancies at the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:282. [PMID: 37688612 PMCID: PMC10492883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in extracranial therapy, survival rate for patients suffering from brain metastases remains very poor. This is coupled with the incidence of brain metastases continuing to rise. In this review, we focus on core contributions of the blood-brain barrier to the origin of brain metastases. We first provide an overview of the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier under physiological conditions. Next, we discuss the emerging idea of a pre-metastatic niche, namely that secreted factors and extracellular vesicles from a primary tumor site are able to travel through the circulation and prime the neurovasculature for metastatic invasion. We then consider the neurotropic mechanisms that circulating tumor cells possess or develop that facilitate disruption of the blood-brain barrier and survival in the brain's parenchyma. Finally, we compare and contrast brain metastases at the blood-brain barrier to the primary brain tumor, glioma, examining the process of vessel co-option that favors the survival and outgrowth of brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Barth
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Alves B, Peixoto J, Macedo S, Pinheiro J, Carvalho B, Soares P, Lima J, Lima RT. High VEGFA Expression Is Associated with Improved Progression-Free Survival after Bevacizumab Treatment in Recurrent Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082196. [PMID: 37190125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the deadliest human cancers. Many GB patients do not respond to treatment, and inevitably die within a median of 15-18 months post-diagnosis, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers to aid clinical management and treatment evaluation. The GB microenvironment holds tremendous potential as a source of biomarkers; several proteins such as MMP-2, MMP-9, YKL40, and VEGFA have been identified as being differentially expressed in GB patient samples. Still to date, none of these proteins have been translated into relevant clinical biomarkers. This study evaluated the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, YKL40, and VEGFA in a series of GBs and their impact on patient outcome. High levels of VEGFA expression were significantly associated with improved progression-free survival after bevacizumab treatment, thus having potential as a tissue biomarker for predicting patients' response to bevacizumab. Noteworthily, VEGFA expression was not associated with patient outcome after temozolomide treatment. To a lesser extent, YKL40 also provided significant information regarding the extent of bevacizumab treatment. This study highlights the importance of studying secretome-associated proteins as GB biomarkers and identifies VEGFA as a promising marker for predicting response to bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Alves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Peixoto
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Macedo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pinheiro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Carvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel T Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
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MMP-9 as Prognostic Marker for Brain Tumours: A Comparative Study on Serum-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030712. [PMID: 36765669 PMCID: PMC9913777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) degrades the extracellular matrix, contributes to tumour cell invasion and metastasis, and its elevated level in brain tumour tissues indicates poor prognosis. High-risk tissue biopsy can be replaced by liquid biopsy; however, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents tumour-associated components from entering the peripheral blood, making the development of blood-based biomarkers challenging. Therefore, we examined the MMP-9 content of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)-which can cross the BBB and are stable in body fluids-to characterise tumours with different invasion capacity. From four patient groups (glioblastoma multiforme, brain metastases of lung cancer, meningioma, and lumbar disc herniation as controls), 222 serum-derived sEV samples were evaluated. After isolating and characterising sEVs, their MMP-9 content was measured by ELISA and assessed statistically (correlation, paired t-test, Welch's test, ANOVA, ROC). We found that the MMP-9 content of sEVs is independent of gender and age, but is affected by surgical intervention, treatment, and recurrence. We found a relation between low MMP-9 level in sEVs (<28 ppm) and improved survival (8-month advantage) of glioblastoma patients, and MMP-9 levels showed a positive correlation with aggressiveness. These findings suggest that vesicular MMP-9 level might be a useful prognostic marker for brain tumours.
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4
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Systemic pharmacological verification of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Ginseng Chinese herb pair in inhibiting spontaneous breast cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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5
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The diagnostic and prognostic potential of the EGFR/MUC4/MMP9 axis in glioma patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19868. [PMID: 36400876 PMCID: PMC9674618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, presenting poor prognosis despite current advances in treatment. There is therefore an urgent need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Interactions between mucin 4 (MUC4) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are involved in carcinogenesis, and may lead to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) overexpression, exacerbating cancer cell invasiveness. In this study, the role of MUC4, MMP9, and EGFR in the progression and clinical outcome of glioma patients was investigated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) in fixed tissue samples of glioma patients were used to evaluate the expression and localization of EGFR, MMP9, and MUC4. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was also performed to test the prognostic utility of the proteins for glioma patients. The protein levels were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum of glioma patients, to further investigate their potential as non-invasive serum biomarkers. We demonstrated that MUC4 and MMP9 are both significantly upregulated during glioma progression. Moreover, MUC4 is co-expressed with MMP9 and EGFR in the proliferative microvasculature of glioblastoma, suggesting a potential role for MUC4 in microvascular proliferation and angiogenesis. The combined high expression of MUC4/MMP9, and MUC4/MMP9/EGFR was associated with poor overall survival (OS). Finally, MMP9 mean protein level was significantly higher in the serum of glioblastoma compared with grade III glioma patients, whereas MUC4 mean protein level was minimally elevated in higher glioma grades (III and IV) compared with control. Our results suggest that MUC4, along with MMP9, might account for glioblastoma progression, representing potential therapeutic targets, and suggesting the 'MUC4/MMP9/EGFR axis' may play a vital role in glioblastoma diagnostics.
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von Spreckelsen N, Kesseler C, Brokinkel B, Goldbrunner R, Perry A, Mawrin C. Molecular neuropathology of brain-invasive meningiomas. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13048. [PMID: 35213084 PMCID: PMC8877755 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion of brain tissue by meningiomas has been identified as one key factor for meningioma recurrence. The identification of meningioma tumor tissue surrounded by brain tissue in neurosurgical samples has been touted as a criterion for atypical meningioma (CNS WHO grade 2), but is only rarely seen in the absence of other high-grade features, with brain-invasive otherwise benign (BIOB) meningiomas remaining controversial. While post-surgery irradiation therapy might be initiated in brain-invasive meningiomas to prevent recurrences, specific treatment approaches targeting key molecules involved in the invasive process are not established. Here we have compiled the current knowledge about mechanisms supporting brain tissue invasion by meningiomas and summarize preclinical models studying targeted therapies with potential inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas von Spreckelsen
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of General Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Cologne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Kesseler
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brokinkel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Cologne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Arie Perry
- Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Ren Y, Hyakusoku H, Sagers JE, Landegger LD, Welling DB, Stankovic KM. MMP-14 (MT1-MMP) Is a Biomarker of Surgical Outcome and a Potential Mediator of Hearing Loss in Patients With Vestibular Schwannomas. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:191. [PMID: 32848608 PMCID: PMC7424165 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved biomarkers are needed for vestibular schwannoma (VS), the most common tumor of the cerebellopontine angle, as existing clinical biomarkers have poor predictive value. Factors such as tumor size or growth rate do not shed light on the pathophysiology of associated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and suffer from low specificity and sensitivity, whereas histological markers only sample a fraction of the tumor and are difficult to ascertain before tumor treatment or surgical intervention. Proteases play diverse and critical roles in tumorigenesis and could be leveraged as a new class of VS biomarkers. Using a combination of in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo approaches, we identified matrixmetalloprotease 14 (MMP-14; also known as MT1-MMP), from a panel of candidate proteases that were differentially expressed through the largest meta-analysis of human VS transcriptomes. The abundance and proteolytic activity of MMP-14 in the plasma and tumor secretions from VS patients correlated with clinical parameters and the degree of SNHL. Further, MMP-14 plasma levels correlated with surgical outcomes such as the extent of resection. Finally, the application of MMP-14 at physiologic concentrations to cochlear explant cultures led to damage to spiral ganglion neuronal fibers and synapses, thereby providing mechanistic insight into VS-associated SNHL. Taken together, MMP-14 represents a novel molecular biomarker that merits further validation in both diagnostic and prognostic applications for VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ren
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hiroshi Hyakusoku
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jessica E Sagers
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lukas D Landegger
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D Bradley Welling
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Linhares P, Carvalho B, Vaz R, Costa BM. Glioblastoma: Is There Any Blood Biomarker with True Clinical Relevance? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5809. [PMID: 32823572 PMCID: PMC7461098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by a highly aggressive, inflammatory and angiogenic phenotype. It is a remarkably heterogeneous tumor at several levels, including histopathologically, radiographically and genetically. The 2016 update of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System highlighted molecular parameters as paramount features for the diagnosis, namely IDH1/2 mutations that distinguish primary and secondary GBM. An ideal biomarker is a molecule that can be detected/quantified through simple non- or minimally invasive methods with the potential to assess cancer risk; promote early diagnosis; increase grading accuracy; and monitor disease evolution and treatment response, as well as fundamentally being restricted to one aspect. Blood-based biomarkers are particularly attractive due to their easy access and have been widely used for various cancer types. A number of serum biomarkers with multiple utilities for glioma have been reported that could classify glioma grades more precisely and provide prognostic value among these patients. At present, screening for gliomas has no clinical relevance. This is because of the low incidence, the lack of sensitive biomarkers in plasma, and the observation that gliomas may develop apparently de novo within few weeks or months. To the best of our knowledge, there is no routine use of a serum biomarker for clinical follow-up. The purpose of this paper is to review the serum biomarkers described in the literature related to glioblastoma and their possible relationship with clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Linhares
- Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Prof Hernani Monteiro, 4200–319 Porto, Portugal; (P.L.); (R.V.)
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Carvalho
- Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Prof Hernani Monteiro, 4200–319 Porto, Portugal; (P.L.); (R.V.)
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vaz
- Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Prof Hernani Monteiro, 4200–319 Porto, Portugal; (P.L.); (R.V.)
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M. Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Qu H, Xu F, Hu H, Zhang Q, Ye Y. Reduced ELABELA expression attenuates trophoblast invasion through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in early onset preeclampsia. Placenta 2019; 87:38-45. [PMID: 31546152 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early onset preeclampsia is linked to abnormal trophoblast invasion, leading to insufficient recasting of uterine spiral arteries and shallow placental implantation. This study investigated ELABELA (ELA) expression and its involvement in the pathogenesis of early onset preeclampsia. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR and Western blot to calculate ELA levels in the placentas. Transwell assays were utilize to assess the invasion and migration of trophoblastic Cells. Western blot was used to identify the concentrations of vital kinases in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways and invasion-related proteins in trophoblast cells. RESULTS ELA was expressed in villous cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts in placental tissue. Compared with the normal pregnancies, ELA mRNA and protein expression was significantly reduced in early onset preeclampsia placentas. In the HTR-8/SVneo cells, when ELA was knocked down, the invasion and migration capability of cells decreased significantly, with MMP2 and MMP9 expression downregulated and the expression of important kinases in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways being significantly decreased compared to the control group. Overexpression of ELA was on the contrary. Besides, while PI3K was blocked, the invasion and migration capability of HTR-8/SVneo cells and the expression of key kinases in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were decreased significantly. DISCUSSION ELA stimulates the invasion and migration of trophoblastic cells through activation of downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and is complicit in early onset preeclampsia pathogenesis. Our research offers a potential novel treatment for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Hongmei Qu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Fengsen Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yuanhua Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Roy R, Morad G, Jedinak A, Moses MA. Metalloproteinases and their roles in human cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1557-1572. [PMID: 31168956 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely appreciated that members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of enzymes play a key role in cancer development and progression along with many of the hallmarks associated with them. The activity of these enzymes has been directly implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling, the processing of growth factors and receptors, the modulation of cell migration, proliferation, and invasion, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, the regulation of immune responses, and the control of angiogenesis. Certain MMP family members have been validated as biomarkers of a variety of human cancers including those of the breast, brain, pancreas, prostate, ovary, and others. The related metalloproteinases, the A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), share a number of these functions as well. Here, we explore these essential metalloproteinases and some of their disease-associated activities in detail as well as some of their complementary translational potential. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Roy
- The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Golnaz Morad
- The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrej Jedinak
- The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marsha A Moses
- The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Koper-Lenkiewicz OM, Kamińska J, Milewska A, Sawicki K, Jadeszko M, Mariak Z, Reszeć J, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Matowicka-Karna J. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid Neudesin concentration and Neudesin Quotient as potential circulating biomarkers of a primary brain tumor. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:319. [PMID: 30953468 PMCID: PMC6451205 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the previously suggested role of Neudesin in tumorigenesis and its potential as a novel target for the treatment of cancers, its prognostic value has never been examined. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate Neudesin concentrations in primary brain tumor patients and make a comparison with non-tumoral individuals. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum Neudesin concentration was evaluated by means of the ELISA method. Results The total group of brain tumor patients had statistically lower serum Neudesin concentrations compared to the non-tumoral group (P = 0.037). The meningeal tumor subgroup also had statistically lower serum Neudesin concentrations compared to the non-tumoral group (P = 0.012). The Astrocytic brain tumor subgroup had significantly higher CSF Neudesin concentrations compared to the non-tumoral group (P = 0.046). Neudesin Quotient (CSF concentration divided by serum concentration) in the astrocytic brain tumor subgroup was statistically higher compared to the non-tumoral group (P = 0.023). Males had statistically lower concentrations of the serum Neudesin compared to females (P = 0.047). Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that for women the serum Neudesin concentration was 1.53 times higher than for men. In the model of multivariate linear regression analysis, predictor variables influencing serum Neudesin concentrations included CSF Neudesin concentration and the Neudesin Quotient, if other model parameters are fixed. The developed model explains 82% of the variance in serum Neudesin concentration. Both linear regression models, univariate and multivariate, pointed to fewer factors with a potential to influence the Neudesin Quotient compared to serum Neudesin concentration. Conclusions In astrocytic brain tumor patients Neudesin concentrations within the cerebrospinal fluid are higher compared with non-tumoral individuals. Serum Neudesin concentration strongly correlates with its CSF level. In primary brain tumor patients serum Neudesin concentration is clearly gender-dependent. Linear regression models pointed to fewer factors that may influence the Neudesin Quotient value, which suggests it is a better biomarker of astrocytic brain tumors than serum and CSF Neudesin concentrations alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Koper-Lenkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Milewska
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Sawicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Jadeszko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Zenon Mariak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszeć
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
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12
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Liu X, Su C, Xu J, Zhou D, Yan H, Li W, Chen G, Zhang N, Xu D, Hu H. Immunohistochemical analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 predicts papillary thyroid carcinoma prognosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2308-2316. [PMID: 30675296 PMCID: PMC6341782 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the association between immunohistochemical matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and to determine whether it may be used as a diagnostic or prognostic tool for PTC. Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-9 was performed in thyroid tissues obtained from 112 patients with PTC and 42 subjects with benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the legitimacy of MMP-9 as a diagnostic tool for PTC, and a predictor for structurally persistent/recurrent disease (SPRD) and disease status. Cox regression was applied to identify the risk factors of disease status and SPRD. The present study revealed that MMP-9 was overexpressed in PTC tissues, compared with in BTN tissues. Furthermore, MMP-9 scores yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.842 (95% CI, 0.776-0.908) for differentially diagnosing PTC from BTN. In addition, the MMP-9 score was greater if patients previously had central lymph node metastasis, lateral lymph node metastasis or an advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage (III+IV). When MMP-9 was employed to predict disease status and SPRD, an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI, 0.706-0.917) and 0.806 (95% CI, 0.620-0.992) was obtained, respectively. A tumor size of >2 cm and an MMP-9 staining score of ≥6 were independent risk factors for predicting disease status, whereas vascular invasion and an MMP-9 staining score of ≥8 were risk factors for predicting SPRD. Furthermore, an MMP-9 staining score of ≥6 and ≥8 indicated shortened disease-free survival and survival without SPRD, respectively. In conclusion, the assessment of MMP-9 expression in thyroid carcinoma samples may represent a potential and supplementary tool for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guihui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jilin City People's Hospital, Jilin, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dahai Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Shi Y, Su C, Hu H, Yan H, Li W, Chen G, Xu D, Du X, Zhang P. Serum MMP-2 as a potential predictive marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198896. [PMID: 29949618 PMCID: PMC6021053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rising rapidly. However, there are no reliable serum biomarkers for PTC. This study aimed to investigate the validity of preoperative serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) as a biomarker for predicting prognosis of PTC after total or partial thyroidectomy. METHODS Male patients with PTC or a benign thyroid nodule (BTN) and healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively included. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the performance of preoperative serum MMP-2 in diagnosing PTC, predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM), and predicting structurally persistent/recurrent disease (SPRD). Multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression were applied to identify independent risk factors for SPRD. RESULTS The preoperative serum MMP-2 concentration in the PTC group was higher than those in BTN and HC groups. The concentration of postoperative serum MMP-2 decreased in comparison with pre-operation. ROC curves showed that serum MMP-2 could differentially diagnose PTC from BTN at the cutoff value of 86.30 ng/ml with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.905 and could predict central LNM (CLNM) at the cutoff value of 101.55 ng/ml with an AUC of 0.711. Serum MMP-2 ≥101.55 ng/ml, age ≥45 years, and advanced TNM stage were independent risk factors for CLNM. Patients with SPRD had a higher median MMP-2 level (149.22 ng/ml) than patients without SPRD (104.55 ng/ml). Serum MMP-2 at the cutoff value of 144.04 ng/ml could predict SPRD in PTC patients with an AUC of 0.803. Advanced TNM stage and serum MMP-2 ≥144.04 ng/ml were independent risk factors for SPRD. Patients with serum MMP-2 ≥144.04 ng/ml had a worse clinical outcome than those with MMP-2 <144.04 ng/ml. CONCLUSION Preoperative serum MMP-2 may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PTC and a predictive indicator for LNM and SPRD in male patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jilin City People’s Hospital, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Dahai Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (XD); (PZ)
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (XD); (PZ)
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (XD); (PZ)
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Wilhelm I, Fazakas C, Molnár K, Végh AG, Haskó J, Krizbai IA. Foe or friend? Janus-faces of the neurovascular unit in the formation of brain metastases. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:563-587. [PMID: 28920514 PMCID: PMC5888855 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17732025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential obstacle represented by the blood-brain barrier for extravasating malignant cells, metastases are more frequent than primary tumors in the central nervous system. Not only tightly interconnected endothelial cells can hinder metastasis formation, other cells of the brain microenvironment (like astrocytes and microglia) can also be very hostile, destroying the large majority of metastatic cells. However, malignant cells that are able to overcome these harmful mechanisms may benefit from the shielding and even support provided by cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia, rendering the brain a sanctuary site against anti-tumor strategies. Thus, cells of the neurovascular unit have a Janus-faced attitude towards brain metastatic cells, being both destructive and protective. In this review, we present the main mechanisms of brain metastasis formation, including those involved in extravasation through the brain vasculature and survival in the cerebral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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