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Ostrom KF, LaVigne JE, Brust TF, Seifert R, Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS. Physiological roles of mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclase isoforms. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:815-857. [PMID: 34698552 PMCID: PMC8759965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. Mammals possess nine isoforms of transmembrane ACs, dubbed AC1-9, that serve as major effector enzymes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The transmembrane ACs display varying expression patterns across tissues, giving the potential for them to have a wide array of physiological roles. Cells express multiple AC isoforms, implying that ACs have redundant functions. Furthermore, all transmembrane ACs are activated by Gαs, so it was long assumed that all ACs are activated by Gαs-coupled GPCRs. AC isoforms partition to different microdomains of the plasma membrane and form prearranged signaling complexes with specific GPCRs that contribute to cAMP signaling compartments. This compartmentation allows for a diversity of cellular and physiological responses by enabling unique signaling events to be triggered by different pools of cAMP. Isoform-specific pharmacological activators or inhibitors are lacking for most ACs, making knockdown and overexpression the primary tools for examining the physiological roles of a given isoform. Much progress has been made in understanding the physiological effects mediated through individual transmembrane ACs. GPCR-AC-cAMP signaling pathways play significant roles in regulating functions of every cell and tissue, so understanding each AC isoform's role holds potential for uncovering new approaches for treating a vast array of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin E LaVigne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Tarsis F Brust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
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2
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Kar P, Barak P, Zerio A, Lin YP, Parekh AJ, Watts VJ, Cooper DMF, Zaccolo M, Kramer H, Parekh AB. AKAP79 Orchestrates a Cyclic AMP Signalosome Adjacent to Orai1 Ca 2+ Channels. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab036. [PMID: 34458850 PMCID: PMC8394516 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To ensure specificity of response, eukaryotic cells often restrict signalling molecules to sub-cellular regions. The Ca2+ nanodomain is a spatially confined signal that arises near open Ca2+ channels. Ca2+ nanodomains near store-operated Orai1 channels stimulate the protein phosphatase calcineurin, which activates the transcription factor NFAT1, and both enzyme and target are initially attached to the plasma membrane through the scaffolding protein AKAP79. Here, we show that a cAMP signalling nexus also forms adjacent to Orai1. Protein kinase A and phosphodiesterase 4, an enzyme that rapidly breaks down cAMP, both associate with AKAP79 and realign close to Orai1 after stimulation. PCR and mass spectrometry failed to show expression of Ca2+-activated adenylyl cyclase 8 in HEK293 cells, whereas the enzyme was observed in neuronal cell lines. FRET and biochemical measurements of bulk cAMP and protein kinase A activity consistently failed to show an increase in adenylyl cyclase activity following even a large rise in cytosolic Ca2+. Furthermore, expression of AKAP79-CUTie, a cAMP FRET sensor tethered to AKAP79, did not report a rise in cAMP after stimulation, despite AKAP79 association with Orai1. Hence, HEK293 cells do not express functional active Ca2+-activated adenylyl cyclases including adenylyl cyclase 8. Our results show that two ancient second messengers are independently generated in nanodomains close to Orai1 Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Kar
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Pradeep Barak
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Anna Zerio
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Yu-Ping Lin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK,NIEHS/NIH, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Amy J Parekh
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury, HP21 8AL, UK
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Drug Discovery, Purdue Institute of Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dermot M F Cooper
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Holger Kramer
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Centre, Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Semesta KM, Tian R, Kampmann M, von Zastrow M, Tsvetanova NG. A high-throughput CRISPR interference screen for dissecting functional regulators of GPCR/cAMP signaling. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009103. [PMID: 33052901 PMCID: PMC7588078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) allow cells to respond to chemical and sensory stimuli through generation of second messengers, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP), which in turn mediate a myriad of processes, including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In order to gain deeper insights into the complex biology and physiology of these key cellular pathways, it is critical to be able to globally map the molecular factors that shape cascade function. Yet, to this date, efforts to systematically identify regulators of GPCR/cAMP signaling have been lacking. Here, we combined genome-wide screening based on CRISPR interference with a novel sortable transcriptional reporter that provides robust readout for cAMP signaling, and carried out a functional screen for regulators of the pathway. Due to the sortable nature of the platform, we were able to assay regulators with strong and moderate phenotypes by analyzing sgRNA distribution among three fractions with distinct reporter expression. We identified 45 regulators with strong and 50 regulators with moderate phenotypes not previously known to be involved in cAMP signaling. In follow-up experiments, we validated the functional effects of seven newly discovered mediators (NUP93, PRIM1, RUVBL1, PKMYT1, TP53, SF3A2, and HRAS), and showed that they control distinct steps of the pathway. Thus, our study provides proof of principle that the screening platform can be applied successfully to identify bona fide regulators of GPCR/second messenger cascades in an unbiased and high-throughput manner, and illuminates the remarkable functional diversity among GPCR regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Mentari Semesta
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ruilin Tian
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Chen-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Chen-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nikoleta G. Tsvetanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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4
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Heinick A, Pluteanu F, Hermes C, Klemme A, Domnik M, Husser X, Gerke V, Schmitz W, Müller FU. Annexin A4 N-terminal peptide inhibits adenylyl cyclase 5 and limits β-adrenoceptor-mediated prolongation of cardiac action potential. FASEB J 2020; 34:10489-10504. [PMID: 32579290 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902094rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (AC) are essential for the normal and pathophysiological response of many cells. In cardiomyocytes, the predominant AC isoforms are AC5 and AC6. Specific AC5 inhibition was suggested as an option for the treatment of heart failure potentially advantageous over β-blockers. We previously reported an interaction between the calcium-binding protein annexin A4 (ANXA4) and AC5 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and an inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated whether ANXA4 is able to differentiate between AC5 and AC6. In transfected HEK293 cells, ANXA4 specifically co-immunoprecipitated with AC5 and not with AC6, via its N-terminal domain. Both ANXA4 and a peptide comprising the ANXA4 N-terminal sequence (A4N1-22 ) decreased the cAMP production in AC5 and not in AC6 expressing cells. In line with ACs inhibition, in myocytes from ANXA4-deficient mice, β-adrenoceptor (βAR) stimulation led to a higher increase of the L-type calcium current (ICaL ) and to an excessive action potential duration (APD) prolongation as compared to wild-type cardiomyocytes. This enhanced response was reversed in the presence of A4N1-22 peptide likely via specific AC5 inhibition. We conclude that via the N-terminal domain ANXA4 inhibits AC5 not AC6, and that A4N1-22 as a specific AC5 inhibitor could serve as a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of AC5-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heinick
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florentina Pluteanu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Hermes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andre Klemme
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Domnik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Xenia Husser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schmitz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank U Müller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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5
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The chilling of adenylyl cyclase 9 and its translational potential. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109589. [PMID: 32105777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A recent break-through paper has revealed for the first time the high-resolution, three-dimensional structure of a mammalian trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) obtained by cryo-electronmicroscopy (cryo-EM). Reporting the structure of adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) in complex with activated Gsα, the cryo-EM study revealed that AC9 has three functionally interlinked, yet structurally distinct domains. The array of the twelve transmembrane helices is connected to the cytosolic catalytic core by two helical segments that are stabilized through the formation of a parallel coiled-coil. Surprisingly, in the presence of Gsα, the isoform-specific carboxyl-terminal tail of AC9 occludes the forskolin- as well as the active substrate-sites, resulting in marked autoinhibition of the enzyme. As AC9 has the lowest primary sequence homology with the eight further mammalian tmAC paralogues, it appears to be the best candidate for selective pharmacologic targeting. This is now closer to reality as the structural insight provided by the cryo-EM study indicates that all of the three structural domains are potential targets for bioactive agents. The present paper summarizes for molecular physiologists and pharmacologists what is known about the biological role of AC9, considers the potential modes of physiologic regulation, as well as pharmacologic targeting on the basis of the high-resolution cryo-EM structure. The translational potential of AC9 is considered upon highlighting the current state of genome-wide association screens, and the corresponding experimental evidence. Overall, whilst the high- resolution structure presents unique opportunities for the full understanding of the control of AC9, the data on the biological role of the enzyme and its translational potential are far from complete, and require extensive further study.
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Antoni FA. Magnocellular Vasopressin and the Mechanism of "Glucocorticoid Escape". Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31297096 PMCID: PMC6607413 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei participate in the control of adrenocorticotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary gland. However, it remains to be explored in further detail, when and how these multifunctional neurons are involved in the control of anterior pituitary function. This paper highlights the role of magnocellular vasopressin in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis with special reference to escape from glucocorticoid feedback inhibition. The signaling mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid escape by pituitary corticotrope cells, as well as the wider physiologic and pathologic contexts in which escape is known to occur-namely strenuous exercise, and autoimmune inflammation will be considered. It is proposed that by inducing escape from glucocorticoid feedback inhibition at the pituitary level, magnocellular vasopressin is critically important for the anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressant actions of endogenous corticosteroids.
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7
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Pálvölgyi A, Simpson J, Bodnár I, Bíró J, Palkovits M, Radovits T, Skehel P, Antoni FA. Auto-inhibition of adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) by an isoform-specific motif in the carboxyl-terminal region. Cell Signal 2018; 51:266-275. [PMID: 30121334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) isoforms show markedly distinct regulatory properties that have not been fully explored. AC9 is highly expressed in vital organs such as the heart and the brain. Here, we report that the isoform-specific carboxyl-terminal domain (C2b) of AC9 inhibits the activation of the enzyme by Gs-coupled receptors (GsCR). In human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) stably overexpressing AC9, cAMP production by AC9 induced upon the activation of endogenous β-adrenergic and prostanoid GsCRs was barely discernible. Cells expressing AC9 lacking the C2b domain showed a markedly enhanced cAMP response to GsCR. Subsequent studies of the response of AC9 mutants to the activation of GsCR revealed that residues 1268-1276 in the C2b domain were critical for auto-inhibition. Two main species of AC9 of 130 K and ≥ 170 K apparent molecular weight were observed on immunoblots of rodent and human myocardial membranes with NH2-terminally directed anti-AC9 antibodies. The lower molecular weight AC9 band did not react with antibodies directed against the C2b domain. It was the predominant species of AC9 in rodent heart tissue and some of the human samples. There is a single gene for AC9 in vertebrates, moreover, amino acids 957-1353 of the COOH-terminus are encoded by a single exon with no apparent signs of mRNA splicing or editing making it highly unlikely that COOH-terminally truncated AC9 could arise through the processing or editing of mRNA. Thus, deductive reasoning leads to the suggestion that proteolytic cleavage of the C2b auto-inhibitory domain may govern the activation of AC9 by GsCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Pálvölgyi
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - James Simpson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ibolya Bodnár
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Bíró
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Semmelweis University Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul Skehel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ferenc A Antoni
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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8
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Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS, Conti M, Dove S, Seifert R. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CI. Structures and Small Molecule Modulators of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:93-139. [PMID: 28255005 PMCID: PMC5394921 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Mammalian cells express nine transmembrane AC (mAC) isoforms (AC1-9) and a soluble AC (sAC, also referred to as AC10). This review will largely focus on mACs. mACs are activated by the G-protein Gαs and regulated by multiple mechanisms. mACs are differentially expressed in tissues and regulate numerous and diverse cell functions. mACs localize in distinct membrane compartments and form signaling complexes. sAC is activated by bicarbonate with physiologic roles first described in testis. Crystal structures of the catalytic core of a hybrid mAC and sAC are available. These structures provide detailed insights into the catalytic mechanism and constitute the basis for the development of isoform-selective activators and inhibitors. Although potent competitive and noncompetitive mAC inhibitors are available, it is challenging to obtain compounds with high isoform selectivity due to the conservation of the catalytic core. Accordingly, caution must be exerted with the interpretation of intact-cell studies. The development of isoform-selective activators, the plant diterpene forskolin being the starting compound, has been equally challenging. There is no known endogenous ligand for the forskolin binding site. Recently, development of selective sAC inhibitors was reported. An emerging field is the association of AC gene polymorphisms with human diseases. For example, mutations in the AC5 gene (ADCY5) cause hyperkinetic extrapyramidal motor disorders. Overall, in contrast to the guanylyl cyclase field, our understanding of the (patho)physiology of AC isoforms and the development of clinically useful drugs targeting ACs is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Stefan Dove
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Roland Seifert
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
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Schonbrunn A. Editorial: Antibody can get it right: confronting problems of antibody specificity and irreproducibility. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 28:1403-7. [PMID: 25184858 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Schonbrunn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225
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Braeunig JH, Schweda F, Han PL, Seifert R. Similarly potent inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by P-site inhibitors in hearts from wild type and AC5 knockout mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68009. [PMID: 23840883 PMCID: PMC3698094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) was described as major cardiac AC isoform. The knockout of AC5 (AC5KO) exerted cardioprotective effects in heart failure. Our study explored the impact of AC5KO on mouse heart AC activities and evaluated putative AC5-selective inhibitors. In cardiac membranes from AC5KO mice, basal AC activity was decreased, while AC stimulation was intact. The putative AC5-selective P-site inhibitors SQ22,536 [9-(tetra-hydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine], vidarabine (9-β-D-arabinosyladenine) and NKY80 [2-amino-7-(2-furanyl)-7,8-dihydro-5(6H)-quinazolinone] inhibited recombinant AC5 more potently than AC2 and AC1, but selectivity was only modest (∼4-40-fold). These compounds inhibited cardiac AC from WT and AC5KO mice with similar potencies. In conclusion, AC regulation in AC5KO hearts was unimpaired, questioning the supposed dominant role of AC5 in the heart. Moreover, the AC inhibitors SQ22,536, NKY80 and vidarabine lack adequate selectivity for AC5 and, therefore, do not present suitable tools to study AC5-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H. Braeunig
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Schweda
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Graduate School, Ewha Woman University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Li Y, Chen L, Kass RS, Dessauer CW. The A-kinase anchoring protein Yotiao facilitates complex formation between adenylyl cyclase type 9 and the IKs potassium channel in heart. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29815-24. [PMID: 22778270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.380568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The scaffolding protein Yotiao is a member of a large family of protein A-kinase anchoring proteins with important roles in the organization of spatial and temporal signaling. In heart, Yotiao directly associates with the slow outward potassium ion current (I(Ks)) and recruits both PKA and PP1 to regulate I(Ks) phosphorylation and gating. Human mutations that disrupt I(Ks)-Yotiao interaction result in reduced PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the I(Ks) subunit KCNQ1 and inhibition of sympathetic stimulation of I(Ks), which can give rise to long-QT syndrome. We have previously identified a subset of adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms that interact with Yotiao, including AC1-3 and AC9, but surprisingly, this group did not include the major cardiac isoforms AC5 and AC6. We now show that either AC2 or AC9 can associate with KCNQ1 in a complex mediated by Yotiao. In transgenic mouse heart expressing KCNQ1-KCNE1, AC activity was specifically associated with the I(Ks)-Yotiao complex and could be disrupted by addition of the AC9 N terminus. A survey of all AC isoforms by RT-PCR indicated expression of AC4-6 and AC9 in adult mouse cardiac myocytes. Of these, the only Yotiao-interacting isoform was AC9. Furthermore, the endogenous I(Ks)-Yotiao complex from guinea pig also contained AC9. Finally, AC9 association with the KCNQ1-Yotiao complex sensitized PKA phosphorylation of KCNQ1 to β-adrenergic stimulation. Thus, in heart, Yotiao brings together PKA, PP1, PDE4D3, AC9, and the I(Ks) channel to achieve localized temporal regulation of β-adrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Antoni FA. New paradigms in cAMP signalling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 353:3-9. [PMID: 22085559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Signalling through adenosine 3'5' monophosphate (cAMP) is known to be important in virtually every cell. The mapping of the human genome over the past two decades has revealed an unexpected complexity of cAMP signalling, which is shared from insects to mammals. A more recent technical advance is the ability to monitor intracellular cAMP levels at subcellular spatial resolution within the time-domains of fast biochemical reactions. Thus, new light has been shed on old paradigms, some of which turn out to be multiple new ones. The novel aspects of cAMP signalling are highlighted here: (1) agonist induced plasticity - showing how the repertory of cAMP signalling genes supports homeostatic adaptation; (2) sustained cAMP signalling after endocytosis; (3) pre-assembled receptor-Gs-adenylyl cyclase complexes. Finally, a hypothetical model of propagating neuronal cAMP signals travelling form dendrites to the cell body is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc A Antoni
- Division of Preclinical Research, EGIS PLC, Bökényföldi út 116, 1165 Budapest, Hungary.
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Pavan B, Paganetto G, Dalpiaz A. Dopamine-sensitive adenylyl cyclases in neuronal development: physiopathological and pharmacological implications. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:520-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pavan B, Biondi C, Dalpiaz A. Adenylyl cyclases as innovative therapeutic goals. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:982-91. [PMID: 19638320 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling could provide new therapeutic and experimental tools. Although drugs interfering with this pathway have traditionally targeted membrane receptors, the effector enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC), which functions as a signalling catalyst, also presents an interesting target. Thus, development of isoform-selective stimulator and/or inhibitor compounds for AC could lead to organ-specific pharmacotherapeutics for treating heart failure, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the potential of AC as the object of drug therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pavan
- Department of Biology and Evolution, General Physiology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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