1
|
Simões JLB, de Araújo JB, Bagatini MD. Anti-inflammatory Therapy by Cholinergic and Purinergic Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5090-5111. [PMID: 34247339 PMCID: PMC8272687 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The virus "acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), initially responsible for an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, which, due to the high level of contagion and dissemination, has become a pandemic. The clinical picture varies from mild to critical cases; however, all of these signs already show neurological problems, from sensory loss to neurological diseases. Thus, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) infected with the new coronavirus are more likely to develop severe conditions; in addition to worsening the disease, this is due to the high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is closely associated with increased mortality both in COVID-19 and MS. This increase is uncontrolled and exaggerated, characterizing the cytokine storm, so a possible therapy for this neuronal inflammation is the modulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, since acetylcholine (ACh) acts to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and acts directly on the brain for being released by cholinergic neurons, as well as acting on other cells such as immune and blood cells. In addition, due to tissue damage, there is an exacerbated release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), potentiating the inflammatory process and activating purinergic receptors which act directly on neuroinflammation and positively modulate the inflammatory cycle. Associated with this, in neurological pathologies, there is greater expression of P2X7 in the cells of the microglia, which positively activates the immune inflammatory response. Thus, the administration of blockers of this receptor can act in conjunction with the action of ACh in the anticholinergic inflammatory pathway. Finally, there will be a reduction in the cytokine storm and triggered hyperinflammation, as well as the level of mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the development of possible neurological damage.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kapoor T, Mehan S. Neuroprotective Methodologies in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Current Status of Clinical and Pre-clinical Findings. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:31-46. [PMID: 32031075 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200207100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an idiopathic and autoimmune associated motor neuron disorder that affects myelinated neurons in specific brain regions of young people, especially females. MS is characterized by oligodendrocytes destruction further responsible for demyelination, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter deficits associated with motor and cognitive dysfunctions, vertigo and muscle weakness. The limited intervention of pharmacologically active compounds like interferon-β, mitoxantrone, fingolimod and monoclonal antibodies used clinically are majorly associated with adverse drug reactions. Pre-clinically, gliotoxin ethidium bromide mimics the behavioral and neurochemical alterations in multiple sclerosis- like in experimental animals associated with the down-regulation of adenyl cyclase/cAMP/CREB, which is further responsible for a variety of neuropathogenic factors. Despite the considerable investigation of neuroprotection in curing multiple sclerosis, some complications still remain. The available medications only provide symptomatic relief but do not stop the disease progression. In this way, the development of unused beneficial methods tends to be ignored. The limitations of the current steady treatment may be because of their activity at one of the many neurotransmitters included or their failure to up direct signaling flag bearers detailed to have a vital part in neuronal sensitivity, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and its discharge, development, and separation of the neuron, synaptic versatility and cognitive working. Therefore, the current review strictly focused on the exploration of various clinical and pre-clinical features available for multiple sclerosis to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and to introduce pharmacological interventions associated with the upregulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase/cAMP/CREB activation to ameliorate multiple sclerosis-like features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kapoor
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Polachini CRN, Spanevello RM, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM. Cholinergic and purinergic systems: A key to multiple sclerosis? J Neurol Sci 2018; 392:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
4
|
D'Angelo C, Reale M, Costantini E, Di Nicola M, Porfilio I, de Andrés C, Fernández-Paredes L, Sánchez-Ramón S, Pasquali L. Profiling of Canonical and Non-Traditional Cytokine Levels in Interferon-β-Treated Relapsing-Remitting-Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1240. [PMID: 29915590 PMCID: PMC5994428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which inflammation plays a key role in the induction, development, and progression. Most of the MS patients present with relapsing–remitting (RR) form, characterized by flare-ups followed by periods of recovery. Many inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been proposed as backers in MS pathogenesis, and the balance between these differing cytokines can regulate MS severity. Interferon (IFN)-β, a current disease-modifying therapy for MS, has demonstrated beneficial effects in reducing disease severity in MS patients. However, its immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory actions in MS are not wholly understood. The aim of the study was to define, in clinically stable patients with RR-MS, the serum concentration of several cytokines, canonical or not, and their modulation by IFN-β therapy. Methods Relapsing–remitting-MS patients were enrolled and diagnosed according to revised Mc Donald Diagnostic Criteria. A set of cytokines [including non-canonical neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and adipokines] and B-cell differentiation molecules, as potential biomarkers, were evaluated in 30 non-treated RR-MS patients compared to 30 IFN-β-treated MS patients and 30 age, gender, and body mass index-matched healthy controls (HC). Results Naïve MS patients showed significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-18, high-mobility group box protein-1, and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) than MS-treated patients (p < 0.001 for all) and HC (p < 0.01). IFN-β therapy has significantly downmodulated IL-1β, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-18 to normal levels (p < 0.001), whereas it has decreased IL-18BP (p < 0.001). ACh was significantly higher in the IFN-β-treated than HC and non-treated MS patients (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed either in adipokines concentration or in B-cell-associated molecules among the three study groups. Conclusion Although more experimental evidence are required, we speculate that the efficacy of treatment of MS with IFN-β is mediated, at least in part, by its ability to work on several levels to slow down the disease progression. Proposed actions include the modulation of IL-1–inflammasome axis and modulation of ACh, B-cell activating factor/a proliferation-inducing ligand system, and several adipokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara D'Angelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Italo Porfilio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University "G.d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clara de Andrés
- Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Fernández-Paredes
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Livia Pasquali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Bohnert C, Zago AM, Abdalla FH, Vieira JM, Palma HE, Oliveira SM, Spanevello RM, Duarte MM, Lopes ST, Aiello G, Amaral MG, Pippi NL, Andrade CM. Anthocyanins suppress the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, and restore ion pump activities in demyelination. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:378-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
6
|
Beckmann DV, Carvalho FB, Mazzanti CM, dos Santos RP, Andrades AO, Aiello G, Rippilinger A, Graça DL, Abdalla FH, Oliveira LS, Gutierres JM, Schetinger MRC, Mazzanti A. Neuroprotective role of quercetin in locomotor activities and cholinergic neurotransmission in rats experimentally demyelinated with ethidium bromide. Life Sci 2014; 103:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Polachini CRN, Spanevello RM, Casali EA, Zanini D, Pereira LB, Martins CC, Baldissareli J, Cardoso AM, Duarte MF, da Costa P, Prado ALC, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM. Alterations in the cholinesterase and adenosine deaminase activities and inflammation biomarker levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuroscience 2014; 266:266-74. [PMID: 24508813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the main chronic inflammatory diseases of the CNS that cause functional disability in young adults. It has unknown etiology characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages into the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in lymphocytes and whole blood, as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in serum. We also checked the levels of nucleotides, nucleosides, biomarkers of inflammation such as cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum from 29 patients with the relapsing-remitting form of MS (RRMS) and 29 healthy subjects as the control group. Results showed that AChE in lymphocytes and whole blood as well as BChE, and ADA activities in serum were significantly increased in RRMS patients when compared to the control group (P<0.05). In addition, we observed a decrease in ATP levels and a significant increase in the levels of ADP, AMP, adenosine and inosine in serum from RRMS patients in relation to the healthy subjects (P<0.05). Results also demonstrated an increase in the IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and CRP (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in the IL-10 (P<0.0001) in RRMS patients when compared to control. Our results suggest that alterations in the biomarkers of inflammation and hydrolysis of nucleotides and nucleosides may contribute to the understanding of the neurological dysfunction of RRMS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R N Polachini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - R M Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - E A Casali
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D Zanini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - L B Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C C Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J Baldissareli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A M Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M F Duarte
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brazil, Campus Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - P da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A L C Prado
- Departamento de Fisioterapia e Reabilitação, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M R C Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - V M Morsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gutierres JM, Carvalho FB, Schetinger MRC, Agostinho P, Marisco PC, Vieira JM, Rosa MM, Bohnert C, Rubin MA, Morsch VM, Spanevello R, Mazzanti CM. Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 33:88-97. [PMID: 24374256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of natural phenolic compounds responsible for the color to plants and fruits. These compounds might have beneficial effects on memory and have antioxidant properties. In the present study we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of anthocyanins in an animal model of cognitive deficits, associated to Alzheimer's disease, induced by scopolamine. We evaluated whether anthocyanins protect the effects caused by SCO on nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (of rats. We used 4 different groups of animals: control (CTRL), anthocyanins treated (ANT), scopolamine-challenged (SCO), and scopolamine+anthocyanins (SCO+ANT). After seven days of treatment with ANT (200mgkg(-1); oral), the animals were SCO injected (1mgkg(-1); IP) and were performed the behavior tests, and submitted to euthanasia. A memory deficit was found in SCO group, but ANT treatment prevented this impairment of memory (P<0.05). The ANT treatment per se had an anxiolytic effect. AChE activity was increased in both in cortex and hippocampus of SCO group, this effect was significantly attenuated by ANT (P<0.05). SCO decreased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities in hippocampus, and ANT was able to significantly (P<0.05) prevent these effects. No significant alteration was found on NOx levels among the groups. In conclusion, the ANT is able to regulate cholinergic neurotransmission and restore the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities, and also prevented memory deficits caused by scopolamine administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessié M Gutierres
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Setor de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Agostinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Institute, University of Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patricia C Marisco
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano M Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michele M Rosa
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Crystiani Bohnert
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maribel A Rubin
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roselia Spanevello
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Cinthia M Mazzanti
- Setor de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase and adenosine deaminase activities in brain and erythrocytes and proinflammatory cytokine levels in rats submitted to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia model. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 378:247-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
10
|
Gallic Acid Modulates Cerebral Oxidative Stress Conditions and Activities of Enzyme-Dependent Signaling Systems in Streptozotocin-Treated Rats. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:761-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
11
|
Martins DB, Mazzanti CM, Costa MM, França R, Pagnoncelli M, Maciel RM, Schmatz R, Oliveira L, Morsch V, Facco G, Visentini D, Mann T, Mazzanti A, Lopes STA. Complete blood count and acetylcholinesterase activity of lymphocytes of demyelinated and ovariectomized rats treated with resveratrol. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:983-90. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.682581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
12
|
De Bona KS, Bellé LP, Bittencourt PER, Bonfanti G, Cargnelluti LO, Pimentel VC, Ruviaro AR, Schetinger MRC, Emanuelli T, Moretto MB. Erythrocytic enzymes and antioxidant status in people with type 2 diabetes: beneficial effect of Syzygium cumini leaf extract in vitro. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 94:84-90. [PMID: 21737173 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Syzygium cumini leaf extract (ASc), on Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and also on oxidative stress parameters in erythrocytes hemolysates (RBCs) and erythrocytes membranes (ghosts) from type 2 diabetics patients (Type 2 DM) under in vitro conditions. Non protein thiol groups (NP-SH), AChE, Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities were measure in RBCs. Further, ADA activity, Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances (TBARS) levels and protein thiol groups (P-SH) were estimated in ghosts. Also, P-SH and Vitamin C (VIT C) were measure in plasma sample. The results demonstrated that ADA and AChE activities, besides TBARS levels were higher in erythrocytes of Type 2 DM, while SOD activity and NP-SH levels were decreased when compared to control group. ASc, in vitro, reduced ADA and AChE activities and some parameters of oxidative stress. Furthermore, we observed correlations between VIT C and P-SH levels, ADA activity and P-SH levels, as well as NP-SH and TBARS levels in diabetics. The results suggest that ASc in vitro is able to promote the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress parameters, and act against biochemical changes occurring in Diabetes mellitus (DM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Santos De Bona
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abdel-Salam OME, Khadrawy YA, Salem NA, Sleem AA. Oxidative Stress in a Model of Toxic Demyelination in Rat Brain: The Effect of Piracetam and Vinpocetine. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1062-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
14
|
da Silva AS, Monteiro SG, Gonçalves JF, Spanevello R, Oliveira CB, Costa MM, Jaques JA, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Mazzanti CM, Lopes ST. Acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in the brain and spinal cord of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Vet Parasitol 2011; 175:237-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Schmatz R, Mazzanti CM, Spanevello R, Stefanello N, Gutierres J, Maldonado PA, Corrêa M, da Rosa CS, Becker L, Bagatini M, Gonçalves JF, Jaques JDS, Schetinger MR, Morsch VM. Ectonucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase activities in synaptosomes from the cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and treated with resveratrol. Brain Res Bull 2009; 80:371-6. [PMID: 19723569 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol (RV), an important neuroprotective compound on NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in cerebral cortex synaptosomes of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into six groups (n=8): control/saline; control/RV 10mg/kg; control/RV 20mg/kg; diabetic/saline; diabetic/RV 10mg/kg; diabetic/RV 20mg/kg. After 30 days of treatment with resveratrol the animals were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex was removed for synaptosomes preparation and enzymatic assays. The results demonstrated that NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities were significantly increased in the diabetic/saline group (p<0.05) compared to control/saline group. Treatment with resveratrol significantly increased NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase activities in the diabetic/RV10 and diabetic/RV20 groups (p<0.05) compared to diabetic/saline group. When resveratrol was administered per se there was also an increase in the activities of these enzymes in the control/RV10 and control/RV20 groups (p<0.05) compared to control/saline group. AChE activity was significantly increased in the diabetic/saline group (p<0.05) compared to control/saline group. The treatment with resveratrol prevented this increase in the diabetic/RV10 and diabetic/RV20 groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the resveratrol interfere with the purinergic and cholinergic neurotransmission by altering NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and AChE activities in cerebral cortex synaptosomes of diabetic rats. In this context, we can suggest that resveratrol should be considered potential therapeutics and scientific tools to be investigated in brain disorders associated with the diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schmatz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pre‐treatment with ebselen and vitamin E modulate acetylcholinesterase activity: interaction with demyelinating agents. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 27:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
17
|
Kaizer RR, Corrêa MC, Gris LRS, da Rosa CS, Bohrer D, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Effect of long-term exposure to aluminum on the acetylcholinesterase activity in the central nervous system and erythrocytes. Neurochem Res 2008; 33:2294-301. [PMID: 18470612 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al), a neurotoxic agent, has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by cholinergic dysfunction in the central nervous system. In this study, we evaluated the effect of long-term exposure to aluminum on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the central nervous system in different brain regions, in synaptosomes of the cerebral cortex and in erythrocytes. The animals were loaded by gavage with AlCl(3) 50 mg/kg/day, 5 days per week, totalizing 60 administrations. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) control (C); (2) 50 mg/kg of citrate solution (Ci); (3) 50 mg/kg of Al plus citrate (Al + Ci), and (4) 50 mg/kg of Al (Al). AChE activity in striatum was increased by 15% for Ci, 19% for Al + Ci and 30% for Al, when compared to control (P < 0.05). The activity in hypothalamus increased 23% for Ci, 26% for Al + Ci and 28% for Al, when compared to control (P < 0.05). AChE activity in cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex was decreased by 11%, 23% and 21% respectively, for Al, when compared to the respective controls (P < 0.05). AChE activity in synaptosomes was increased by 14% for Al, when compared to control (P < 0.05). Erythrocyte AChE activity was increased by 17% for Al + Ci and 11% for Al, when compared to control (P < 0.05). These results indicate that Al affects at the same way AChE activity in the central nervous system and erythrocyte. AChE activity in erythrocytes may be considered a marker of easy access of the central cholinergic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R R Kaizer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mazzanti CM, Spanevello R, Ahmed M, Schmatz R, Mazzanti A, Salbego FZ, Graça DL, Sallis ESV, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Cyclosporine A inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in rats experimentally demyelinated with ethidium bromide. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 25:259-64. [PMID: 17467222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A is the major immunosuppressive agent used for organ transplantation and for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. In this work, we investigated the effect of the cyclosporine A on the acetylcholinesterase activity in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and pons of the rats experimentally demyelinated by ethidium bromide. Rats were divided into four groups: I control (injected with saline), II (treated with cyclosporine A), III (injected with 0.1% ethidium bromide) and IV (injected with 0.1% the ethidium bromide and treated with cyclosporine A). The results showed a significant inhibition (p<0.05) of acetylcholinesterase activity in the groups II, III and IV in all brain structures analyzed. In the striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus and pons the inhibition was greater (p<0.005) when ethidium bromide was associated with cyclosporine A. In conclusion, the present investigation demonstrated that cyclosporine A is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase activity and this effect is increased after an event of toxic demyelination of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia M Mazzanti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcellos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM, Bonan CD, Wyse ATS. NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in physiological and disease conditions: new perspectives for human health. Biofactors 2007; 31:77-98. [PMID: 18806312 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520310205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides act as signaling molecules involved in a wide spectrum of biological effects. Their levels are controlled by a complex cell surface-located group of enzymes called ectonucleotidases. There are four major families of ectonucleotidases, nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases/CD39), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (E-NPPs), alkaline phosphatases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase. In the last few years, substantial progress has been made toward the molecular identification of members of the ectonucleotidase families and their enzyme structures and functions. In this review, there is an emphasis on the involvement of NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in disease processes in several tissues and cell types. Brief background information is given about the general characteristics of these enzymes, followed by a discussion of their roles in thromboregulatory events in diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cancer, as well as in pathological conditions where platelets are less responsive, such as in chronic renal failure. In addition, immunomodulation and cell-cell interactions involving these enzymes are considered, as well as ATP and ADP hydrolysis under different clinical conditions related with alterations in the immune system, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Finally, changes in ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis induced by inborn errors of metabolism, seizures and epilepsy are discussed in order to highlight the importance of these enzymes in the control of neuronal activity in pathological conditions. Despite advances made toward understanding the molecular structure of ectonucleotidases, much more investigation will be necessary to entirely grasp their role in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Laboratório de Enzimologia Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, no 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria-RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|