1
|
Jeyhoonabadi M, Alimoahmmadi S, Hassanpour S, Hashemnia M. Betaine Ameliorates Depressive-Like Behaviors in Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Exposed Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4771-4781. [PMID: 34993911 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine protective effects of betaine on depressive-like behaviors in zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exposed mice. Forty male mice randomly allocated into four experimental groups. Group 1 kept as control and groups 2-4 received oral administration of betaine (30 mg/kg), ZnO NPs (600 mg/kg), and ZnO NPs (600 mg/kg) 1 h after pre-administration of betaine (30 mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively. Then, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), and rotarod tests were done. Furthermore, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were determined. Hippocampal tissue samples were collected for histopathological assessment. According to the results, treatment with ZnO NPs significantly increased immobility time in the FST and TST (P<0.05). Betaine significantly decreased immobility time in the FST and TST (P<0.05). Pretreatment with betaine significantly decreased ZnO NPs-induced alterations in the FST and TST (P<0.05). The duration of staying on the rotarod and the numbers of crossings in the OFT significantly decreased in the mice that received ZnO NPs (P<0.05). These results were significantly improved in betaine+ZnO NPs treated mice as compared to the ZnO NPs group (P<0.05). Treatment with ZnO NPs significantly increased serum MDA level while decreased SOD and GPx compared to the control group (P<0.05). These changes were effectively ameliorated by pretreatment with betaine compared to the ZnO NPs group (P<0.05). No significant effect on serum TAC level was observed in all groups (P˃0.05). Administration of ZnO NPs decreased the thickness of hippocampus and pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 regions were sparsely arranged. Pretreatment with betaine caused an improvement in the histological features of the hippocampus when compared with ZnO NPs-treated mice. Taken together, these results suggest that betaine has protective role against ZnO NPs-induced toxicity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Jeyhoonabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samad Alimoahmmadi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coulibaly SM, Mesfioui A, Berkiks I, Ennaciri A, Chahirou Y, Diagana Y, Ouichou A, El Midaoui A, El Hessni A. Effects of the Methyl Donors Supplementation on Hippocampal Oxidative Stress, Depression and Anxiety in Chronically High Fructose-treated Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 476:1-11. [PMID: 34543673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of anxiety and depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether methyl donors supplementation could exert beneficial effects on hippocampal oxidative stress, anxiety and depression in chronically high fructose-treated rats, a new animal model of anxiety and mood disorders. Rats were divided into two groups and treated for 10 weeks as follows: Group 1 represents the control group and Group 2 was treated with 23% fructose. After 10 weeks, the fructose-fed animals were divided into two groups and treated for 8 weeks as follows: Group 2 continued to receive fructose while Group 3 was treated with methyl donors and fructose. High fructose-fed rats showed increases in glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol as well as in the final body weight and the adipose tissue weight. High fructose induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. High fructose caused an increase of the nitrite content and the Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus tissue in association with an induction of damage in the dorsal hippocampus neurons. The 8-weeks dietary supplementation with methyl donors normalized the depression-like behavior, oxidative stress in the hippocampus, reversed the damage observed in the hippocampal neurons. These findings demonstrate that high fructose induced depression in association with the induction of a hippocampal oxidative stress. The anti-depressive action of methyl donors appears to be associated to their anti-oxidative properties since they normalized the nitrite content and the MDA levels at the hippocampus in the high fructose-fed female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Mohamed Coulibaly
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuro-endocrinology and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuro-endocrinology and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Inssaf Berkiks
- Laboratoire Biologie et Santé, FSK Kénitra and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa
| | - Abdeljabbar Ennaciri
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuro-endocrinology and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Yassine Chahirou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuro-endocrinology and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Yacouba Diagana
- Faculté des sciences, Université Noukchott Al Aasriya, Mauritania
| | - Ali Ouichou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuro-endocrinology and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Adil El Midaoui
- Research Team "Biology, Environment and Health", Department of Biology, FST Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Morocco.
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuro-endocrinology and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hassanpour S, Rezaei H, Razavi SM. Anti-nociceptive and antioxidant activity of betaine on formalin- and writhing tests induced pain in mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112699. [PMID: 32417277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a physiological response which is mediated via the central and peripheral nervous system. Betaine, is a methyl glycine derivative and a commonly used nutrient supplement. The main purpose of the current paper is to determine the possible anti-nociceptive and antioxidant activity and sedative effect of betaine in mice. Adult male albino mice were divided into two categories, formalin and writhing tests. In the formalin test, mice were injected with betaine (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) or morphine (5 mg/kg). For co-injections mice received betaine (30 mg/kg) + naloxone (2 mg/kg) or atropine (1 mg/kg), chlorpheniramine (20 mg/kg), flumazenil (5 mg/kg), cimetidine (12.5 mg/kg) and cyproheptadine (4 mg/kg). Then the formalin test was done and paw licking time was determined. In the writhing test, injections were the same but the animals were injected with acetic acid (0.6 %) and the percentage of writhing inhibition was recorded. At the end of the study, blood antioxidant levels were determined. According to the results, betaine reduced the pain response in a dose-dependent manner. Co-administration of the naloxone + betaine or flumazenil + betaine significantly decreased the anti-nociceptive effect of betaine on the licking and biting time of the injected paw and inhibited the number of writhing movements. Betaine decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in formalin receiving mice. No adverse locomotion and sedation effect were observed in betaine-treated mice. These findings suggest that betaine has anti-nociceptive and antioxidant activity in mice, and its anti-nociceptive role interacts with opioidergic and GABA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Hassanpour
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadis Rezaei
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Razavi
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khodayar MJ, Kalantari H, Khorsandi L, Rashno M, Zeidooni L. Upregulation of Nrf2-related cytoprotective genes expression by acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice and the protective role of betaine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:948-959. [PMID: 32081044 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120905962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is the main reason for acute liver failure. Oxidative stress is associated with hepatotoxicity caused by APAP. Betaine is a methyl donor and S-adenosylmethionine precursor. The present study investigated the effect of betaine and the role of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes in hepatotoxicity induced by APAP in mice. In this study, male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were treated with 500 mg/kg of betaine for 5 days followed with a single dose of APAP 300 mg/kg on the fifth day. Biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were then conducted. The results of the present study showed that betaine pretreatment improved hepatotoxicity through the reduction of serum ALT and AST levels and ameliorating histopathological finding. Betaine pretreatment also increased glutathione level and decreased malondialdehyde level. Importantly, the results of immunohistochemical, Western blot and real-time PCR showed that the APAP increased the expression of the genes and proteins of Nrf2 and HO-1. While betaine decreased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in comparison with the APAP group. The findings of this study demonstrated that the increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 genes and proteins by APAP is a compensatory mechanism to combat acute liver toxicity. While the protective effect of betaine against acute liver injury induced by APAP is independent on the Nrf2 and HO-1 genes but occurs via modifying cysteine supply as a precursor of glutathione in the transsulfuration pathway in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - H Kalantari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - L Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Rashno
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - L Zeidooni
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Valproic Acid Induced Neurotoxicological Manifestations and its Mitigation by Melatonin in Rat Brain Synaptosomes. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:441-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
6
|
Khodayar MJ, Kalantari H, Khorsandi L, Rashno M, Zeidooni L. Betaine protects mice against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity possibly via mitochondrial complex II and glutathione availability. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1436-1445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
7
|
Hacıoğlu C, KAR F, Kanbak G. Rat brain synaptosomes: In vitro neuroprotective effects of betaine against fluoride toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17546/msd.421851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Rico EP, Rosemberg DB, Berteli JFA, da Silveira Langoni A, Souto AA, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Souza DO. Adenosine deaminase activity and gene expression patterns are altered after chronic ethanol exposure in zebrafish brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 65:14-18. [PMID: 29122710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol alters the homeostasis between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and its intoxication reveals adenosine as responsible to modify several responses including signal transduction. Zebrafish has been recently investigated for knowledge the prolonged effect of ethanol on behavioral and biochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soluble and membrane adenosine deaminase activities and gene expression in zebrafish brain. Animals were exposed to 0.5% ethanol for 7, 14, and 28days. There were no significant changes in ADA activity from soluble fraction after all treatments. However, we verified a decrease of ADA activity in membrane fraction after 28days (44%) of ethanol exposure. ADA1 was not altered whereas mRNA transcript levels for ADAL presented an increase after 28days of ethanol exposure (34%). ADA2-1 showed a decrease (26%) followed by an increase (17%) of transcripts after 14 and 28days of ethanol exposure, respectively. However, ADA2-1 truncated alternative splice isoform (ADA2-1/T) demonstrated a reduction after 28days (20%). ADA2-2 was decreased (22%) followed by an increase (109%) of transcripts after 14 and 18days of ethanol exposure, respectively. Altogether, the purine catabolism promoted by ADA may be an important target of the chronic toxicity induced for ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Sinalização Neural e Psicofarmacologia, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Bloco S, Sala 6, Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Denis Broock Rosemberg
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jotele Fontana Agostini Berteli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Sinalização Neural e Psicofarmacologia, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Bloco S, Sala 6, Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Andrei da Silveira Langoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Brazil
| | - André Arigony Souto
- Faculdade de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chaudhary S, Parvez S. Phytanic acid induced neurological alterations in rat brain synaptosomes and its attenuation by melatonin. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:37-46. [PMID: 28826095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytanic acid (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) (Phyt) is a saturated branched chain fatty acid which originates after the breakdown of chlorophyll molecule, phytol. It plays an important role in a variety of metabolic disorders with peroxisomal impairments. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the adverse effects of Phyt on synaptic functions by using synaptosomal preparation of rat brain as an in vitro model and the possible protective role of melatonin against Phyt-induced neurotoxicity. Melatonin is an antioxidant, secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin and its metabolites have neuroprotective effects on cellular stress, by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In the present investigation, synaptosomes prepared from rat brain were co-treated with melatonin (10μM) and Phyt (50μM) for 2h. Co-treatment of Phyt with melatonin significantly restored the altered levels of protein carbonyl (PC) contents and lipid peroxidation (LPO). It also replenished the Phyt-induced alterations on the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant defence reduced glutathione (GSH), enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and synaptosomal integral enzymes such as AChE, Na+, K+-ATPase and MAO. We observed that Phyt induced oxidative stress in synaptosomes as indicated by an elevation in the generation of ROS and melatonin was able to inhibit the elevated ROS generation. Moreover, the neurotoxic effects elicited by Phyt on NO level and membrane potential were totally prevented by the treatment of melatonin. The results of our investigation emphasize the potential use of melatonin as a nutraceutical and mitigatory agent against Phyt-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kar JR, Hallsworth JE, Singhal RS. Glycine Betaine-Mediated Protection of Peas (Pisum sativum L.) During Blanching and Frozen Storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1099043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayaranjan R. Kar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, India
| | - John E. Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, MBC, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
| | - Rekha S. Singhal
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The investigation of the prenatal and postnatal alcohol exposure-induced neurodegeneration in rat brain: protection by betaine and/or omega-3. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:467-74. [PMID: 26732065 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to study the effect of neurodegeneration on the brain of rat pups caused by prenatal and postnatal ethanol exposure with modified liquid diet to elucidate protective effects of betaine and omega-3 supplementation. When ethanol is consumed during prenatal and postnatal periods, it may result in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the offspring. METHODS Rats were divided into control, ethanol, ethanol + betaine, ethanol + omega-3, ethanol + omega-3 + betaine groups. The effect of betaine and omega-3 in response to ethanol-induced changes on the brain, by biochemical analyses cytochrome c, caspase-3, calpain, cathepsin B and L, DNA fragmentation, histological and morfometric methods were evaluated. RESULTS Caspase-3, calpain, cathepsin B, and cytochrome c levels in ethanol group were significantly higher than control. Caspase-3, calpain levels were decreased in ethanol + betaine, ethanol + omega-3, and ethanol + omega-3 + betaine groups compared to ethanol group. Cathepsin B in ethanol + omega-3 + betaine group was decreased compared to ethanol, ethanol + betaine groups. Cathepsin L and DNA fragmentation were found not statistically significant. We found similar results in histological and morfometric parameters. CONCLUSION We found that pre- and postnatal ethanol exposure is capable of triggering necrotic cell death in rat brains, omega-3, and betaine reduce neurodegeneration. Omega-3 and betaine may prove beneficial for neurodegeneration, particularly in preventing FAS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Alirezaei M, Khoshdel Z, Dezfoulian O, Rashidipour M, Taghadosi V. Beneficial antioxidant properties of betaine against oxidative stress mediated by levodopa/benserazide in the brain of rats. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:243-52. [PMID: 25665954 PMCID: PMC10717468 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study was designed to evaluate antioxidant effects of betaine in the brain following administration of levodopa and benserazide, which are routinely used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into levodopa (LD), Betaine (Bet.), levodopa plus betaine (LD/Bet.), levodopa plus benserazide (LD/Ben.), levodopa plus betaine-benserazide (LD/Bet.-Ben.) and control groups. The experimental groups received LD 300 mg/kg, Bet. 1.5 % w/w of the total diet, Ben. 75 mg/kg and distilled water to controls for 10 consecutive days, orally. The concentration of plasma total homocysteine significantly increased in LD/Ben.-treated rats when compared to the other groups. Brain glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione content both elevated with betaine treatment in LD/Bet. and LD/Bet.-Ben groups. Superoxide dismutase activity was also higher in controls and betaine-treated rats in comparison with LD and LD/Ben. groups. Likewise, catalase activity significantly increased in control and betaine groups when compared to LD- and LD/Ben.-treated rats. In contrast, brain lipid peroxidation significantly increased in response to LD and LD/Ben. TREATMENTS Regarding metabolism of LD in peripheral tissues, serumic dopamine concentration significantly increased in LD-treated rats in comparison with LD/Ben. group. The present results show beneficial antioxidant and methyl donor properties of betaine versus oxidative stress and hyperhomocysteinemia induced by levodopa and benserazide in an animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Alirezaei
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, PO Box: 465, Khorram Abad, Iran,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu Z, Wang J, Li M, Liu Q, Wei D, Yang M, Kong L. (1)H NMR-based metabolomics study on a goldfish model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Chem Biol Interact 2014; 223:18-26. [PMID: 25242684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A goldfish (Carassius auratus) model of Parkinson's disease (PD) was constructed by a single dose of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) according to previously reported methods. Global metabolite changes in brain of the MPTP induced goldfish model of PD were investigated. (1)H NMR-based metabolomics combined with various statistical methods such as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and two-dimensional statistical total correlation spectroscopy (2D-STOCSY) found significant increase of leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, alanylalanine, creatinine, myo-inositol, 18:2 fatty acid, total fatty acids, arachic alcohol, taurine and significant decrease of N-acetylaspartate, (phospho)creatine, (phospho)choline, betaine, glutamine, 3-hexenedioate, acetamide, malonate, isocitrate, scyllo-inositol, phosphatidylcholines, cholesterols, n-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in brain of MPTP induced PD goldfish. These disturbed metabolite levels were involved in oxidative stress, energy failure, neuronal cell injury and death, consistent with those observed in clinical PD patients, and rodents and primates model of PD, indicating that the acute MPTP model of goldfish was an ideal and valuable model for PD research. In addition, several unusual metabolites in brain were significantly changed between MPTP induced PD and control goldfish, which might also play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. This study also demonstrated the applicability and potential of (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach for evaluation of animal models of disease induced by chemicals, such as MPTP-induced PD goldfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qingwang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Minghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Alirezaei M, Jelodar G, Ghayemi Z. Antioxidant Defense of Betaine Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Ethanol in the Rat Testes. Int J Pept Res Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-012-9297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
16
|
Miwa M, Tsuboi M, Noguchi Y, Enokishima A, Nabeshima T, Hiramatsu M. Effects of betaine on lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in mice and the involvement of GABA transporter 2. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:153. [PMID: 22053950 PMCID: PMC3273450 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Betaine (glycine betaine or trimethylglycine) plays important roles as an osmolyte and a methyl donor in animals. While betaine is reported to suppress expression of proinflammatory molecules and reduce oxidative stress in aged rat kidney, the effects of betaine on the central nervous system are not well known. In this study, we investigated the effects of betaine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment and on mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory molecules, glial markers, and GABA transporter 2 (GAT2), a betaine/GABA transporter. Methods Mice were continuously treated with betaine for 13 days starting 1 day before they were injected with LPS, or received subacute or acute administration of betaine shortly before or after LPS injection. Then, their memory function was evaluated using Y-maze and novel object recognition tests 7 and 10-12 days after LPS injection (30 μg/mouse, i.c.v.), respectively. In addition, mRNA expression levels in hippocampus were measured by real-time RT-PCR at different time points. Results Repeated administration of betaine (0.163 mmol/kg, s.c.) prevented LPS-induced memory impairment. GAT2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in hippocampus 24 hr after LPS injection, and administration of betaine blocked this increase. However, betaine did not affect LPS-induced increases in levels of mRNA related to inflammatory responses. Both subacute administration (1 hr before, and 1 and 24 hr after LPS injection) and acute administration (1 hr after LPS injection) of betaine also prevented LPS-induced memory impairment in the Y-maze test. Conclusions These data suggest that betaine has protective effects against LPS-induced memory impairment and that prevention of LPS-induced changes in GAT2 mRNA expression is crucial to this ameliorating effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Miwa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Environmental and Human Sciences, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ganesan B, Anandan R, Lakshmanan PT. Studies on the protective effects of betaine against oxidative damage during experimentally induced restraint stress in Wistar albino rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:641-52. [PMID: 21717086 PMCID: PMC3220389 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress can be defined as physical and psychological modifications that disrupt the homeostasis and the balance of organisms. Stress is known as one of the most important reasons of several diseases. In the present study, the anti-stress effect of betaine was evaluated with reference to its antioxidant property. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups such as control, betaine, restraint stress (6 h/day for 30 days), and betaine + restraint stress. The oxidative damage was assessed by measuring the protein and corticosterone in plasma, lipid peroxidation, non-enzymic (reduced glutathione), and enzymic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) in the lymphoid organs of thymus and spleen. Followed by the induction of restraint stress, the non-enzymic and enzymic antioxidants were significantly decreased with concomitant increase observed in the levels of corticosterone and lipid peroxidation. Oral pretreatment with betaine (250 mg/kg body weight daily for a period of 30 days) significantly (P < 0.001) prevented the restraint stress-induced alterations in the levels of protein and corticosterone in plasma of experimental groups of rats. It counteracted the restraint stress-induced lipid peroxidation and maintained the antioxidant defense system in the lymphoid tissues at near normal. The findings suggest that betaine possesses significant anti-stress activity, which may be due to its antioxidant property.
Collapse
|
18
|
Alirezaei M, Jelodar G, Niknam P, Ghayemi Z, Nazifi S. Betaine prevents ethanol-induced oxidative stress and reduces total homocysteine in the rat cerebellum. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 67:605-12. [PMID: 21698419 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a hypothesis for the association of reactive oxygen species with cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we examined whether oral betaine can act as a preventive agent in ethanol-induced oxidative stress on the cerebellum of rats. Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups (control, ethanol, betaine, and betaine plus ethanol) with different dietary regimens and were followed up for 1 month. Total homocysteine (tHcy) of plasma and cerebellum homogenate was determined by an Axis(®) homocysteine EIA kit, and antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), SOD, and CAT) activities of cerebellum homogenate were measured chemically by a spectrophotometer. Lipid peroxidation of cerebellum was shown by the measurement of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) via a spectrophotometer. Ethanol-induced hyperhomocysteinemia was manifested by an increase in the concentrations of tHcy in the plasma and cerebellum homogenates of the ethanol group, while ethanol-induced oxidative stress was indicated via an increase in lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS) in cerebellum homogenates of ethanol-treated rats. In contrast, betaine prevented hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress in the betaine plus ethanol group as well as the betaine group. The results of the present investigation indicated that the protective effect of betaine is probably related to its ability to strengthen the cerebellum membrane cells by enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity principally GPx, while the methyl donor effect of betaine to reduce hyperhomocysteinemia has been explained previously and confirmed in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Alirezaei
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, P. O. Box 465, Khorram Abad, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sogut I, Kanbak G. In Vitro Effects of Ethanol With Aspirin on Rat Brain Synaptosomes: The Potential Protective Role of Betaine. Int J Neurosci 2010; 120:774-83. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2010.523130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
20
|
Carnosine supplementation protects rat brain tissue against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 339:55-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|