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Shao W, Liu L, Zheng F, Ma Y, Zhang J. The potent role of Src kinase-regulating glucose metabolism in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Grassi S, Giussani P, Mauri L, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid rafts and neurodegeneration: structural and functional roles in physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:636-654. [PMID: 31871065 PMCID: PMC7193971 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr119000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are small, dynamic membrane areas characterized by the clustering of selected membrane lipids as the result of the spontaneous separation of glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol in a liquid-ordered phase. The exact dynamics underlying phase separation of membrane lipids in the complex biological membranes are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, alterations in the membrane lipid composition affect the lateral organization of molecules belonging to lipid rafts. Neural lipid rafts are found in brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and are characterized by a high enrichment of specific lipids depending on the cell type. These lipid rafts seem to organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating the homeostasis of the brain. The progressive decline of brain performance along with physiological aging is at least in part associated with alterations in the composition and structure of neural lipid rafts. In addition, neurodegenerative conditions, such as lysosomal storage disorders, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's diseases, are frequently characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism, which in turn affects the structure of lipid rafts. Several events underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases appear to depend on the altered composition of lipid rafts. Thus, the structure and function of lipid rafts play a central role in the pathogenesis of many common neurodegenerative diseases.jlr;61/5/636/F1F1f1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. mailto:
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Brimson JM, Safrany ST, Qassam H, Tencomnao T. Dipentylammonium Binds to the Sigma-1 Receptor and Protects Against Glutamate Toxicity, Attenuates Dopamine Toxicity and Potentiates Neurite Outgrowth in Various Cultured Cell Lines. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:263-272. [PMID: 29589276 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects 44 million people worldwide, costing the world $605 billion to care for those affected not taking into account the physical and psychological costs for those who care for Alzheimer's patients. Dipentylammonium is a simple amine, which is structurally similar to a number of other identified sigma-1 receptor ligands with high affinities such as (2R-trans)-2butyl-5-heptylpyrrolidine, stearylamine and dodecylamine. This study investigates whether dipentylammonium is able to provide neuroprotective effects similar to those of sigma-1 receptor agonists such as PRE-084. Here we identify dipentylammonium as a sigma-1 receptor ligand with nanomolar affinity. We have found that micromolar concentrations of dipentylammonium protect from glutamate toxicity and prevent NFκB activation in HT-22 cells. Micromolar concentrations of dipentylammonium also protect stably expressing amyloid precursor protein Swedish mutant (APP/Swe) Neuro2A cells from toxicity induced by 150 μM dopamine, suggesting that dipentylammonium may be useful for the treatment of Parkinsonian symptoms in Alzheimer's patients which are often associated with a more rapid deterioration of cognitive and physical ability. Finally, we found that low micromolar concentrations of dipentylammonium could out preform known sigma-1 receptor agonist PRE-084 in potentiating neurite outgrowth in Neuro2A cells, further suggesting that dipentylammonium has a potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and could be acting through the sigma-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Brimson
- Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10230, Thailand
| | - Stephen T Safrany
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Heider Qassam
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University in Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10230, Thailand.
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Salgado IK, Torrado AI, Santiago JM, Miranda JD. Tamoxifen and Src kinase inhibitors as neuroprotective/neuroregenerative drugs after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:385-90. [PMID: 25878585 PMCID: PMC4396099 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.153685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that produces significant changes in the lifestyle of patients. Many molecular and cellular events are triggered after the initial physical impact to the cord. Two major phases have been described in the field of SCI: an acute phase and late phase. Most of the therapeutic strategies are focused on the late phase because this provides an opportunity to target cellular events like apoptosis, demyelination, scar formation and axonal outgrowth. In this mini-review, we will focus on two agents (tamoxifen and a Src kinase family inhibitor known as PP2) that have been shown in our laboratory to produce neuroprotective (increase cell survival) and/or regenerative (axonal outgrowth) actions. The animal model used in our laboratory is adult female rat (~250 g) with a moderate contusion (12.5 mm) to the spinal cord at the T10 level, using the MASCIS impactor device. Tamoxifen or PP2 was administered by implantation of a 15 mg pellet (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA) or by intraperitoneal injections (1.5 mg/kg, every 3 days), respectively, to produce a long-term effect (28 days). Tamoxifen and the Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, are drugs that in rats with a moderate spinal cord injury promote functional locomotor recovery, increase spared white matter tissue, and stimulate axonal outgrowth. Moreover, tamoxifen reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, these drugs are possible therapeutic agents that have a neuroprotective/regenerative activity in vertebrates with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K Salgado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Aranza I Torrado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Jose M Santiago
- University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Department of Natural Sciences, Carolina, PR 00984, USA
| | - Jorge D Miranda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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5
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Aureli M, Grassi S, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid membrane domains in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1006-16. [PMID: 25677824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The brain is characterized by the presence of cell types with very different functional specialization, but with the common trait of a very high complexity of structures originated by their plasma membranes. Brain cells bear evident membrane polarization with the creation of different morphological and functional subcompartments, whose formation, stabilization and function require a very high level of lateral order within the membrane. In other words, the membrane specialization of brain cells implies the presence of distinct membrane domains. The brain is the organ with the highest enrichment in lipids like cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and the most recently discovered brain membrane lipid, phosphatidylglucoside, whose collective behavior strongly favors segregation within the membrane leading to the formation of lipid-driven membrane domains. Lipid-driven membrane domains function as dynamic platforms for signal transduction, protein processing, and membrane turnover. Essential events involved in the development and in the maintenance of the functional integrity of the brain depend on the organization of lipid-driven membrane domains, and alterations in lipid homeostasis, leading to deranged lipid-driven membrane organization, are common in several major brain diseases. In this review, we summarize the forces behind the formation of lipid membrane domains and their biological roles in different brain cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
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Rosas OR, Torrado AI, Santiago JM, Rodriguez AE, Salgado IK, Miranda JD. Long-term treatment with PP2 after spinal cord injury resulted in functional locomotor recovery and increased spared tissue. Neural Regen Res 2015; 9:2164-73. [PMID: 25657738 PMCID: PMC4316450 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.147949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord has the ability to regenerate but the microenvironment generated after trauma reduces that capacity. An increase in Src family kinase (SFK) activity has been implicated in neuropathological conditions associated with central nervous system trauma. Therefore, we hypothesized that a decrease in SFK activation by a long-term treatment with 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyramidine (PP2), a selective SFK inhibitor, after spinal cord contusion with the New York University (NYU) impactor device would generate a permissive environment that improves axonal sprouting and/or behavioral activity. Results demonstrated that long-term blockade of SFK activation with PP2 increases locomotor activity at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-injury in the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open field test, round and square beam crossing tests. In addition, an increase in white matter spared tissue and serotonin fiber density was observed in animals treated with PP2. However, blockade of SFK activity did not change the astrocytic response or infiltration of cells from the immune system at 28 days post-injury. Moreover, a reduced SFK activity with PP2 diminished Ephexin (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor) phosphorylation in the acute phase (4 days post-injury) after trauma. Together, these findings suggest a potential role of SFK in the regulation of spared tissue and/or axonal outgrowth that may result in functional locomotor recovery during the pathophysiology generated after spinal cord injury. Our study also points out that ephexin1 phosphorylation (activation) by SFK action may be involved in the repulsive microenvironment generated after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odrick R Rosas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Aranza I Torrado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Jose M Santiago
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Carolina, PR, USA
| | - Ana E Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Iris K Salgado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Jorge D Miranda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
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7
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Marballi KK, McCullumsmith RE, Yates S, Escamilla MA, Leach RJ, Raventos H, Walss-Bass C. Global signaling effects of a schizophrenia-associated missense mutation in neuregulin 1: an exploratory study using whole genome and novel kinome approaches. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 121:479-90. [PMID: 24380930 PMCID: PMC3999257 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant neuregulin 1-ErbB4 signaling has been implicated in schizophrenia. We previously identified a novel schizophrenia-associated missense mutation (valine to leucine) in the NRG1 transmembrane domain. This variant inhibits formation of the NRG1 intracellular domain (ICD) and causes decreases in dendrite formation. To assess the global effects of this mutation, we used lymphoblastoid cell lines from unaffected heterozygous carriers (Val/Leu) and non-carriers (Val/Val). Transcriptome data showed 367 genes differentially expressed between the two groups (Val/Val N = 6, Val/Leu N = 5, T test, FDR (1 %), α = 0.05, -log10 p value >1.5). Ingenuity pathway (IPA) analyses showed inflammation and NRG1 signaling as the top pathways altered. Within NRG1 signaling, protein kinase C (PKC)-eta (PRKCH) and non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SRC) were down-regulated in heterozygous carriers. Novel kinome profiling (serine/threonine) was performed after stimulating cells (V/V N = 6, V/L N = 6) with ErbB4, to induce release of the NRG1 ICD, and revealed significant effects of treatment on the phosphorylation of 35 peptides. IPA showed neurite outgrowth (six peptides) as the top annotated function. Phosphorylation of these peptides was significantly decreased in ErbB4-treated Val/Val but not in Val/Leu cells. These results show that perturbing NRG1 ICD formation has major effects on cell signaling, including inflammatory and neurite formation pathways, and may contribute significantly to schizophrenia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan K Marballi
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program, South Texas Research Facility, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 576A Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stefani Yates
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 576A Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael A Escamilla
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, TX 79905
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program, South Texas Research Facility, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Jiménez-Garduño AM, Mitkovski M, Alexopoulos IK, Sánchez A, Stühmer W, Pardo LA, Ortega A. KV10.1 K+-channel plasma membrane discrete domain partitioning and its functional correlation in neurons. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:921-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Sonnino S, Aureli M, Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Prinetti A. Lipid Rafts in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 50:130-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Lee JH, Lee HY, Kim HW. Adhesive proteins linked with focal adhesion kinase regulate neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:165-72. [PMID: 21911085 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adhesive proteins existing in the extracellular matrix (ECM) play important roles in the regulation of neuronal cell behavior, including cell adhesion, motility and neurite outgrowth. Herein we show the effects of a series of adhesive proteins on the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells and elucidate that this is closely related to the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). For this we prepared culture substrates by coating tissue culture plastic with either collagen (Col), fibronectin (FN) or laminin (LN) and investigated the neurite outgrowth behavior. The results demonstrated that neurite outgrowth was highly dependent on the particular type of adhesive protein. While neurite number was comparable on all the coated surfaces, the length of neurites was greater on the FN- and LN-coated ones (greatest on the LN-coated one). In particular, FAK expression was highly up-regulated in the FN- and LN-coated surfaces, as revealed by Western blot analysis. A knock-down experiment further supported the idea that neurite outgrowth was largely suppressed in cells transfected with a FAK knock-down gene. Taken together, the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells was greatly affected by adhesive proteins of the ECM, particularly FN and LN, and this is considered to be closely related to FAK intracellular signaling. This study may be useful in the consideration and design of nerve guidance and three-dimensional scaffolds which are appropriate to promote neuronal growth and nerve tissue regeneration.
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11
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Campbell LJ, Suárez-Castillo EC, Ortiz-Zuazaga H, Knapp D, Tanaka EM, Crews CM. Gene expression profile of the regeneration epithelium during axolotl limb regeneration. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:1826-40. [PMID: 21648017 PMCID: PMC3297817 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urodele amphibians are unique among adult vertebrates in their ability to regenerate missing limbs. The process of limb regeneration requires several key tissues including a regeneration-competent wound epidermis called the regeneration epithelium (RE). We used microarray analysis to profile gene expression of the RE in the axolotl, a Mexican salamander. A list of 125 genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) showed a ≥1.5-fold expression in the RE than in a wound epidermis covering a lateral cuff wound. A subset of the RE ESTs and genes were further characterized for expression level changes over the time-course of regeneration. This study provides the first large scale identification of specific gene expression in the RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J. Campbell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edna C. Suárez-Castillo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Humberto Ortiz-Zuazaga
- High Performance Computing facility, Río Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Río Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Dunja Knapp
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Craig M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Scorticati C, Formoso K, Frasch AC. Neuronal glycoprotein M6a induces filopodia formation via association with cholesterol-rich lipid rafts. J Neurochem 2011; 119:521-31. [PMID: 21426347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A neuronal integral membrane glycoprotein M6a has been suggested to be involved in a number of biological processes, including neuronal remodeling and differentiation, trafficking of mu-opioid receptors, and Ca(2+) transportation. Moreover, pathological situations such as chronic stress in animals and depression in humans have been associated with alterations in M6a sequence and expression. The mechanism of action of M6a is essentially unknown. In this work, we analyze the relevance of M6a distribution in plasma membrane, namely its lipid microdomain targeting, for its biological function in filopodia formation. We demonstrate that M6a is localized in membrane microdomains compatible with lipid rafts in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Removal of cholesterol from neuronal membranes with methyl-β-cyclodextrin decreases M6a-induced filopodia formation, an effect that is reversed by the addition of cholesterol. Inhibition of Src kinases and MAPK prevents filopodia formation in M6a-over-expressing neurons. Src-deficient SYF cells over-expressing M6a fail to promote filopodia formation. Taken together, our findings reveal that the association of M6a with lipid rafts is important for its role in filopodia formation and Src and MAPK kinases participate in M6a signal propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Scorticati
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Argentina.
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13
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Head BP, Peart JN, Panneerselvam M, Yokoyama T, Pearn ML, Niesman IR, Bonds JA, Schilling JM, Miyanohara A, Headrick J, Ali SS, Roth DM, Patel PM, Patel HH. Loss of caveolin-1 accelerates neurodegeneration and aging. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15697. [PMID: 21203469 PMCID: PMC3009734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aged brain exhibits a loss in gray matter and a decrease in spines and synaptic densities that may represent a sequela for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Membrane/lipid rafts (MLR), discrete regions of the plasmalemma enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelin, are essential for the development and stabilization of synapses. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a cholesterol binding protein organizes synaptic signaling components within MLR. It is unknown whether loss of synapses is dependent on an age-related loss of Cav-1 expression and whether this has implications for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed brains from young (Yg, 3-6 months), middle age (Md, 12 months), aged (Ag, >18 months), and young Cav-1 KO mice and show that localization of PSD-95, NR2A, NR2B, TrkBR, AMPAR, and Cav-1 to MLR is decreased in aged hippocampi. Young Cav-1 KO mice showed signs of premature neuronal aging and degeneration. Hippocampi synaptosomes from Cav-1 KO mice showed reduced PSD-95, NR2A, NR2B, and Cav-1, an inability to be protected against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury compared to young WT mice, increased Aβ, P-Tau, and astrogliosis, decreased cerebrovascular volume compared to young WT mice. As with aged hippocampi, Cav-1 KO brains showed significantly reduced synapses. Neuron-targeted re-expression of Cav-1 in Cav-1 KO neurons in vitro decreased Aβ expression. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, Cav-1 represents a novel control point for healthy neuronal aging and loss of Cav-1 represents a non-mutational model for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Head
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jason N. Peart
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mathivadhani Panneerselvam
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Takaakira Yokoyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Pearn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ingrid R. Niesman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline A. Bonds
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jan M. Schilling
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- Gene Therapy Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - John Headrick
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sameh S. Ali
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David M. Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Piyush M. Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
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