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Pershina EV, Chernomorets IY, Fedorov DA, Arkhipov VI. Pharmacological Modulation of Excitotoxicity through the Combined Use of NMDA Receptor Inhibition and Group III mGlu Activation Reduces TMT-Induced Neurodegeneration in the Rat Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098249. [PMID: 37175959 PMCID: PMC10179112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the neuroprotective properties of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine, in combination with a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptors of Group III, VU 0422288. The treatment was started 48 h after the injection of neurotoxic agent trimethyltin (TMT) at 7.5 mg/kg. Three weeks after TMT injection, functional and morphological changes in a rat hippocampus were evaluated, including the expression level of genes characterizing glutamate transmission and neuroinflammation, animal behavior, and hippocampal cell morphology. Significant neuronal cell death occurred in the CA3 and CA4 regions, and to a lesser extent, in the CA1 and CA2 regions. The death of neurons in the CA1 field was significantly reduced in animals with a combined use of memantine and VU 0422288. In the hippocampus of these animals, the level of expression of genes characterizing glutamatergic synaptic transmission (Grin2b, Gria1, EAAT2) did not differ from the level in control animals, as well as the expression of genes characterizing neuroinflammation (IL1b, TGF beta 1, Aif1, and GFAP). However, the expression of genes characterizing neuroinflammation was markedly increased in the hippocampus of animals treated with memantine or VU 0422288 alone after TMT. The results of immunohistochemical studies confirmed a significant activation of microglia in the hippocampus three weeks after TMT injection. In contrast to the hilus, microglia in the CA1 region had an increase in rod-like cells. Moreover, in the CA1 field of the hippocampus of the animals of the MEM + VU group, the amount of such microglia was close to the control. Thus, the short-term modulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by memantine and subsequent activation of Group III mGluR significantly affected the dynamics of neurodegeneration in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Pershina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Chernomorets
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Fedorov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Arkhipov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Hwang Y, Park JH, Kim HC, Shin EJ. GABA B receptor activation alters astrocyte phenotype changes induced by trimethyltin via ERK signaling in the dentate gyrus of mice. Life Sci 2023; 319:121529. [PMID: 36841471 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We examined the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptor activation on astrocyte phenotype changes induced by trimethyltin (TMT) in the dentate gyrus of mice. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6N mice received TMT (2.6 mg/kg, i.p.), and the expression of GABAB receptors was evaluated in the hippocampus. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg, i.p. × 5 at 12-h intervals) was administered 3-5 days after TMT treatment, and the expression of Iba-1, GFAP, and astrocyte phenotype markers was evaluated 6 days after TMT. SL327 (30 mg/kg, i.p.), an extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) inhibitor, was administered 1 h after each baclofen treatment. KEY FINDINGS TMT insult significantly induced the astroglial expression of GABAB receptors in the dentate molecular layer. Baclofen significantly promoted the expression of S100A10, EMP1, and CD109, but not that of C3, GGTA1, and MX1 induced by TMT. In addition, baclofen significantly increased the TMT-induced expression of p-ERK in the dentate molecular layer. Interestingly, p-ERK was more colocalized with S100A10 than with C3 after TMT insult, and a significant positive correlation was found between the expression of p-ERK and S100A10. Consistently, SL327 reversed the effect of baclofen on astrocyte phenotype changes. Baclofen also enhanced the TMT-induced astroglial expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), an anti-inflammatory astrocytes-to-microglia mediator, and consequently attenuated Iba-1 expression and delayed apoptotic neuronal death. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that GABAB receptor activation increases S100A10-positive anti-inflammatory astrocytes and astroglial GDNF expression via ERK signaling after TMT excitotoxicity in the dentate molecular layer of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Park
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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More S, Pawar A. Brain Targeted Curcumin Loaded Turmeric Oil Microemulsion Protects Against Trimethyltin Induced Neurodegeneration in Adult Zebrafish: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Insight. Pharm Res 2023; 40:675-687. [PMID: 36703027 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aromatic turmerone, a major constituent of turmeric oil, has been recently reported for proliferation of neural stem cell showing great potential for effective treatment in neurodegenerative disorders. However, its effect as oral brain targeted formulation for neuroprotection has not yet reported. The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic of curcumin loaded turmeric oil microemulsion for brain targeting and probing the protective effect against trimethyltin induced neurodegeneration in adult zebrafish. METHODS Initially, in vivo plasma and brain pharmacokinetics was performed to determine improvement in relative bioavailability in rats followed by biodistribution and histopathological evaluation. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of the formulation was assessed in trimethyltin induced neurodegeneration model using adult zebrafish by behavioral analysis and biochemical analysis. RESULTS The in vivo plasma and brain pharmacokinetics showed 2-fold and 1.87-fold improvement respectively. Biodistribution study revealed significantly lower concentration in organs other than brain. Furthermore, curcumin microemulsion exhibited improved spatial memory by remembering the training and made correct choices after curcumin microemulsion treatment than other treatment groups. Histopathological evaluation confirmed neuroprotective effect on zebrafish brains. The biochemical analysis revealed reduced oxidative stress in curcumin microemulsion treated group. CONCLUSIONS Overall results showed a great potential of curcumin microemulsion for brain targeting in the effective treatment of neurological ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj More
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India.
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Effect of rottlerin on astrocyte phenotype polarization after trimethyltin insult in the dentate gyrus of mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:142. [PMID: 35690821 PMCID: PMC9188234 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that reactive astrocytes can be polarized into pro-inflammatory A1 phenotype or anti-inflammatory A2 phenotype under neurotoxic and neurodegenerative conditions. Microglia have been suggested to play a critical role in astrocyte phenotype polarization by releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. In this study, we examined whether trimethyltin (TMT) insult can induce astrocyte polarization in the dentate gyrus of mice, and whether protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) plays a role in TMT-induced astrocyte phenotype polarization. METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice received TMT (2.6 mg/kg, i.p.), and temporal changes in the mRNA expression of A1 and A2 phenotype markers were evaluated in the hippocampus. In addition, temporal and spatial changes in the protein expression of C3, S100A10, Iba-1, and p-PKCδ were examined in the dentate gyrus. Rottlerin (5 mg/kg, i.p. × 5 at 12-h intervals) was administered 3-5 days after TMT treatment, and the expression of A1 and A2 transcripts, p-PKCδ, Iba-1, C3, S100A10, and C1q was evaluated 6 days after TMT treatment. RESULTS TMT treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of A1 and A2 phenotype markers, and the increased expression of A1 markers remained longer than that of A2 markers. The immunoreactivity of the representative A1 phenotype marker, C3 and A2 phenotype marker, S100A10 peaked 6 days after TMT insult in the dentate gyrus. While C3 was expressed evenly throughout the dentate gyrus, S100A10 was highly expressed in the hilus and inner molecular layer. In addition, TMT insult induced microglial p-PKCδ expression. Treatment with rottlerin, a PKCδ inhibitor, decreased Iba-1 and C3 expression, but did not affect S100A10 expression, suggesting that PKCδ inhibition attenuates microglial activation and A1 astrocyte phenotype polarization. Consistently, rottlerin significantly reduced the expression of C1q and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), which has been suggested to be released by activated microglia and induce A1 astrocyte polarization. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the temporal and spatial profiles of astrocyte polarization after TMT insult in the dentate gyrus of mice. Taken together, our results suggest that PKCδ plays a role in inducing A1 astrocyte polarization by promoting microglial activation and consequently increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators after TMT insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Stekic A, Zeljkovic M, Zaric Kontic M, Mihajlovic K, Adzic M, Stevanovic I, Ninkovic M, Grkovic I, Ilic TV, Nedeljkovic N, Dragic M. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Deficit and Attenuates Neuroinflammation via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s-Like Disease Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:889983. [PMID: 35656538 PMCID: PMC9152158 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.889983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration implies progressive neuronal loss and neuroinflammation further contributing to pathology progression. It is a feature of many neurological disorders, most common being Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive stimulation which modulates excitability of stimulated brain areas through magnetic pulses. Numerous studies indicated beneficial effect of rTMS in several neurological diseases, including AD, however, exact mechanism are yet to be elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an rTMS paradigm, on behavioral, neurochemical and molecular level in trimethyltin (TMT)-induced Alzheimer’s-like disease model. TMT acts as a neurotoxic agent targeting hippocampus causing cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation, replicating behavioral and molecular aspects of AD. Male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups–controls, rats subjected to a single dose of TMT (8 mg/kg), TMT rats subjected to iTBS two times per day for 15 days and TMT sham group. After 3 weeks, we examined exploratory behavior and memory, histopathological and changes on molecular level. TMT-treated rats exhibited severe and cognitive deficit. iTBS-treated animals showed improved cognition. iTBS reduced TMT-induced inflammation and increased anti-inflammatory molecules. We examined PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway which is involved in regulation of apoptosis, cell growth and learning and memory. We found significant downregulation of phosphorylated forms of Akt and mTOR in TMT-intoxicated animals, which were reverted following iTBS stimulation. Application of iTBS produces beneficial effects on cognition in of rats with TMT-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and that effect could be mediated via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which could candidate this protocol as a potential therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Stekic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Zaric Kontic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Mihajlovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adzic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninkovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Grkovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tihomir V. Ilic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Milorad Dragic,
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Sinomenine Attenuates Trimethyltin-Induced Cognitive Decline via Targeting Hippocampal Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1609-1621. [PMID: 35543800 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine is the main bioactive ingredient of the medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum with neuroprotective potential. This study was designed to assess beneficial effect of sinomenine in alleviation of trimethyltin (TMT)-induced cognitive dysfunction. TMT was administered i.p. (8 mg/kg, once) and sinomenine was daily given p.o. 1 h after TMT for 3 weeks at doses of 25 or 100 mg/kg. Cognitive performance was assessed in various behavioral tests. In addition, oxidative stress- and inflammation-associated factors were measured and histochemical evaluation of the hippocampus was conducted. Sinomenine at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly and partially increased discrimination index in novel object recognition (NOR), improved alternation in short-term Y maze, increased step-through latency in passive avoidance paradigm, and also reduced probe trial errors and latency in the Barnes maze task. Moreover, sinomenine somewhat prevented inappropriate hippocampal changes of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl, nitrite, superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL 6), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, beta secretase 1 (BACE 1) activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with no significant effect on glutathione (GSH), catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In addition, lower reactivity (IRA) for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an index of astrocyte activity was observed and loss of CA1 pyramidal neurons was attenuated following sinomenine treatment. This study demonstrated that sinomenine could lessen TMT-induced cognitive dysfunction which is partly due to its attenuation of hippocampal oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Dragić M, Mitrović N, Adžić M, Nedeljković N, Grković I. Microglial- and Astrocyte-Specific Expression of Purinergic Signaling Components and Inflammatory Mediators in the Rat Hippocampus During Trimethyltin-Induced Neurodegeneration. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211044882. [PMID: 34569324 PMCID: PMC8495514 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211044882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the involvement of purinergic signaling components in
the rat model of hippocampal degeneration induced by trimethyltin (TMT)
intoxication (8 mg/kg, single intraperitoneal injection), which results in
behavioral and neurological dysfunction similar to neurodegenerative disorders.
We investigated spatial and temporal patterns of ecto-nucleoside triphosphate
diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5′ nucleotidase (eN/CD73)
activity, their cell-specific localization, and analyzed gene expression pattern
and/or cellular localization of purinoreceptors and proinflammatory mediators
associated with reactive glial cells. Our study demonstrated that all Iba1+
cells at the injured area, irrespective of their morphology, upregulated
NTPDase1/CD39, while induction of eN/CD73 has been observed at amoeboid Iba1+
cells localized within the hippocampal neuronal layers with pronounced cell
death. Marked induction of P2Y12R, P2Y6R, and
P2X4-messenger RNA at the early stage of TMT-induced
neurodegeneration might reflect the functional properties, migration, and
chemotaxis of microglia, while induction of P2X7R at amoeboid cells
probably modulates their phagocytic role. Reactive astrocytes expressed
adenosine A1, A2A, and P2Y1 receptors, revealed
induction of complement component C3, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear
factor-kB, and proinflammatory cytokines at the late stage of TMT-induced
neurodegeneration. An increased set of purinergic system components on activated
microglia (NTPDase1/CD39, eN/CD73, and P2X7) and astrocytes
(A1R, A2AR, and P2Y1), and loss of
homeostatic glial and neuronal purinergic pathways (P2Y12 and
A1R) may shift purinergic signaling balance toward excitotoxicity
and inflammation, thus favoring progression of pathological events. These
findings may contribute to a better understanding of the involvement of
purinergic signaling components in the progression of neurodegenerative
disorders that could be target molecules for the development of novel
therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milorad Dragić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, 89101University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adžić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Center for Laser Microscopy, 98829Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadežda Nedeljković
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, 89101University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Effects of Dizocilpine, Midazolam and Their Co-Application on the Trimethyltin (TMT)-Induced Rat Model of Cognitive Deficit. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030400. [PMID: 33809889 PMCID: PMC8004281 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research of treatment options addressing the cognitive deficit associated with neurodegenerative disorders is of particular importance. Application of trimethyltin (TMT) to rats represents a promising model replicating multiple relevant features of such disorders. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor potentiators have been reported to alleviate the TMT-induced cognitive deficit. These compounds may provide synergistic interactions in other models. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether co-application of NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) and GABAA receptor potentiator midazolam would be associated with an improved effect on the TMT-induced model of cognitive deficit. Wistar rats injected with TMT were repeatedly (12 days) treated with MK-801, midazolam, or both. Subsequently, cognitive performance was assessed. Finally, after a 17-day drug-free period, hippocampal neurodegeneration (neuronal density in CA2/3 subfield in the dorsal hippocampus, dentate gyrus morphometry) were analyzed. All three protective treatments induced similar degree of therapeutic effect in Morris water maze. The results of histological analyses were suggestive of minor protective effect of the combined treatment (MK-801 and midazolam), while these compounds alone were largely ineffective at this time point. Therefore, in terms of mitigation of cognitive deficit, the combined treatment was not associated with improved effect.
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Protective Effects of Scolopendra Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Seizures in Mice. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120369. [PMID: 31842431 PMCID: PMC6955677 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound with potent neurotoxic action characterized by neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. This study evaluated the protective effects of a Scolopendra water extract (SWE) against TMT intoxication in hippocampal neurons, using both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Specifically, we examined the actions of SWE on TMT- (5 mM) induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons (7 days in vitro) and the effects of SWE on hippocampal degeneration in adult TMT- (2.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) treated C57BL/6 mice. We found that SWE pretreatment (0–100 μg/mL) significantly reduced TMT-induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Additionally, this study showed that perioral administration of SWE (5 mg/kg), from −6 to 0 days before TMT injection, significantly attenuated hippocampal cell degeneration and seizures in adult mice. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Iba-1 (Allograft inflammatory factor 1)- and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein)-immunostained cells revealed a significant reduction in the levels of Iba-1- and GFAP-positive cell bodies in the dentate gyrus (DG) of mice treated with SWE prior to TMT injection. These data indicated that SWE pretreatment significantly protected the hippocampus against the massive activation of microglia and astrocytes elicited by TMT. In addition, our data showed that the SWE-induced reduction of immune cell activation was linked to a significant reduction in cell death and a significant improvement in TMT-induced seizure behavior. Thus, we conclude that SWE ameliorated the detrimental effects of TMT toxicity on hippocampal neurons, both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our findings hint at a promising pharmacotherapeutic use of SWE in hippocampal degeneration and dysfunction.
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Dragić M, Zarić M, Mitrović N, Nedeljković N, Grković I. Two Distinct Hippocampal Astrocyte Morphotypes Reveal Subfield-Different Fate during Neurodegeneration Induced by Trimethyltin Intoxication. Neuroscience 2019; 423:38-54. [PMID: 31682945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes comprise a heterogenic group of glial cells, which perform homeostatic functions in the central nervous system. These cells react to all kind of insults by changing the morphology and function that result in a transition from the quiescent to a reactive phenotype. Trimethyltin (TMT) intoxication, which reproduces pathological events in the hippocampus similar to those associated with seizures and cognitive decline, has been proven as a useful model for studying responses of the glial cells to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we have explored morphological varieties of astrocytes in the hippocampal subregions of ovariectomized female rats exposed to TMT. We have demonstrated an early loss of neurons in CA1 and DG subfields. Distinct morphotypes of protoplasmic astrocytes observed in CA1/CA3 and the hilus of control animals developed different responses to TMT intoxication, as assessed by GFAP-immunohistochemistry. In CA1 subregion, GFAP+ astrocytes preserved their domain organization and responded with typical hypertrophy, while the hilar GFAP+ astrocytes developed atrophy-like phenotype and increased expression of vimentin and nestin 7 days after the exposure. Both reactive and atrophied-like astrocytes expressed Kir4.1 in CA1/CA3 and the hilus of DG, respectively, indicating that these cells did not change their potential for normal activity at this time point of pathology. Together, the results demonstrate the persistence of two protoplasmic morphotypes of astrocytes, with distinct appearance, function, and fate after TMT-induced neurodegeneration, suggesting their pleiotropic roles in the hippocampal response to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milorad Dragić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marina Zarić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadežda Nedeljković
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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The effect of crocin on apoptotic, inflammatory, BDNF, Pt, and Aβ40 indicators and neuronal density of CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of hippocampus in the model of Alzheimer suffering rats induced with trimethyltin chloride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-02981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Schvartz D, González-Ruiz V, Walter N, Antinori P, Jeanneret F, Tonoli D, Boccard J, Zurich MG, Rudaz S, Monnet-Tschudi F, Sandström J, Sanchez JC. Protein pathway analysis to study development-dependent effects of acute and repeated trimethyltin (TMT) treatments in 3D rat brain cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:281-292. [PMID: 31176792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin is an organometallic compound, described to be neurotoxic and to trigger neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Previous studies associated TMT with the perturbation of mitochondrial function, or neurotransmission. However, the mechanisms of toxicity may differ depending on the duration of exposure and on the stage of maturation of brain cells. This study aim at elucidating whether the toxicity pathways triggered by a known neurotoxicant (TMT) differs depending on cell maturation stage or duration of exposure. To this end omics profiling of immature and differentiated 3D rat brain cell cultures exposed for 24 h or 10 days (10-d) to 0.5 and 1 μM of TMT was performed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of TMT associated toxicity. Proteomics identified 55 and 17 proteins affected by acute TMT treatment in immature and differentiated cultures respectively, while 10-day treatment altered 96 proteins in immature cultures versus 353 in differentiated. The results suggest different sensitivity to TMT depending on treatment duration and cell maturation. In accordance with known TMT mechanisms oxidative stress and neuroinflammation was observed after 10-d treatment at both maturation stages, whereas the neuroinflammatory process was more prominent in differentiated cultures than in the immature, no development-dependent difference could be detected for oxidative stress or synaptic neurodegeneration. Pathway analysis revealed that both vesicular trafficking and the synaptic machinery were strongly affected by 10-d TMT treatment in both maturation stages, as was GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. This study shows that omics approaches combined with pathway analysis constitutes an improved tool-set in elucidating toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Schvartz
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Walter
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Paola Antinori
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Neuroproteomics group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Jeanneret
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Tonoli
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florianne Monnet-Tschudi
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Sandström
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland.
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13
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Increased Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced Microglia Cells by Spirulina maxima Extract from Ultrasonic Process. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Spirulina maxima exact from a non-thermal ultrasonic process (UE) contains 17.5 mg/g of total chlorophyll, compared to 6.24 mg/g of chlorophyll derived from the conventional 70% ethanol extraction at 80 °C for 12 h (EE). The UE also showed relatively low cytotoxicity against murine microglial cells (BV-2) and inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2. The UE also effectively suppresses both mRNA expression and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, TNF-α gene and protein production were most strongly down-regulated, while IL-6 was the least affected by all ranges of treatment concentrations. This work first demonstrated a quantitative correlation between mRNA expression and the production of cytokines, showing that suppression of TNF-α gene expression was most significantly correlated with its secretion. These results clearly proved that the anti-inflammatory effects of Spirulina extract from a nonthermal ultrasonic process, which yielded high concentrations of intact forms of chlorophylls, were increased two-fold compared to those of conventional extracts processed at high temperature.
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14
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Kim J, Kim CY, Oh H, Ryu B, Kim U, Lee JM, Jung CR, Park JH. Trimethyltin chloride induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in retinal cells during zebrafish eye development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:36-44. [PMID: 30399559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trimethyltin chloride (TMT), one of the most widely used organotin compounds in industrial and agricultural fields, is widespread in soil, aquatic systems, foodstuffs and household items. TMT reportedly has toxic effects on the nervous system; however, there is limited information about its effects on eye development and no clear associated mechanisms have been identified. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated eye morphology, vison-related behavior, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, histopathology, and gene expression to evaluate the toxicity of TMT during ocular development in zebrafish embryos. Exposure to TMT decreased the axial length and surface area of the eye and impaired the ability of zebrafish to recognize light. 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and acridine orange assays revealed dose-dependent increases in ROS formation and apoptosis in the eye. Furthermore, pyknosis of retinal cells was confirmed through histopathological analysis. Antioxidative enzyme-related genes were downregulated and apoptosis-inducing genes were upregulated in TMT-treated zebrafish compared to expression in controls. Retinal cell-specific gene expression was suppressed mainly in retinal ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells, whereas amacrine cell-, horizontal cell-, and Müller cell-specific gene expression was enhanced. Our results demonstrate for the first time the toxicity of TMT during eye development, which occurs through the induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis in retinal cells during ocular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ukjin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Pershina EV, Mikheeva IB, Kamaltdinova ER, Arkhipov VI. Expression of mGlu Receptor Genes in the Hippocampus After Intoxication with Trimethyltin. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 67:258-264. [PMID: 30506300 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of localization and signaling properties of eight subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the brain provide glutamate an important regulatory role in many processes, including neurodegeneration and repair of neuronal damage. To identify specific subtypes of mGluRs, which are involved in neurodegeneration process, we assessed expression levels of their genes under pathophysiological conditions. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis, we studied transcription levels of mGlu2-5 and mGlu7 genes in the hippocampus after its damage by neurotoxicant trimethyltin chloride (TMT) in Wistar rats. This organotin compound is known to cause neurodegeneration in the brain, especially in the hippocampus. Morphological studies confirmed neuronal damage in CA3-CA4 subfields of the hippocampus 6 weeks after the treatment with TMT. Step-through passive avoidance test revealed memory deterioration in rat-treated TMT. Interestingly, 3 and 6 weeks after the treatment with TMT, expression levels of the mGlu2 and mGlu7 genes were not changed in comparison to the control values while expression level of mGlu4 genes was upregulated throughout the whole studied period of TMT action. The dynamics of mGlu3 gene expression revealed the existence of neuroinflammation 3 weeks after the treatment with TMT, which was further confirmed by the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression. The expression level of mGlu5 receptors was downregulated 6 weeks after the treatment with TMT. Our results revealed a significant role of mGlu4, mGlu5, and mGlu3 receptors in the neurodegenerative/reparative processes in the hippocampus after the treatment with TMT. Ligands of these receptor subtypes can be, therefore, considered potential therapeutic targets for prevention or reduction of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Pershina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Russia, 142290.,Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - I B Mikheeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | - E R Kamaltdinova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Russia, 142290.,Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - V I Arkhipov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Russia, 142290. .,Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.
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16
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Marchese E, Corvino V, Di Maria V, Furno A, Giannetti S, Cesari E, Lulli P, Michetti F, Geloso MC. The Neuroprotective Effects of 17β-Estradiol Pretreatment in a Model of Neonatal Hippocampal Injury Induced by Trimethyltin. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:385. [PMID: 30416427 PMCID: PMC6213803 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal dysfunction plays a central role in neurodevelopmental disorders, resulting in severe impairment of cognitive abilities, including memory and learning. On this basis, developmental studies represent an important tool both to understanding the cellular and molecular phenomena underlying early hippocampal damage and to study possible therapeutic interventions, that may modify the progression of neuronal death. Given the modulatory role played by 17β-estradiol (E2) on hippocampal functions and its neuroprotective properties, the present study investigates the effects of pretreatment with E2 in a model of neonatal hippocampal injury obtained by trimethyltin (TMT) administration, characterized by neuronal loss in CA1 and CA3 subfields and astroglial and microglial activation. At post-natal days (P)5 and P6 animals received E2 administration (0.2 mg/kg/die i.p.) or vehicle. At P7 they received a single dose of TMT (6.5 mg/kg i.p.) and were sacrificed 72 h (P10) or 7 days after TMT treatment (P14). Our findings indicate that pretreatment with E2 exerts a protective effect against hippocampal damage induced by TMT administration early in development, reducing the extent of neuronal death in the CA1 subfield, inducing the activation of genes involved in neuroprotection, lowering the neuroinflammatory response and restoring neuropeptide Y- and parvalbumin- expression, which is impaired in the early phases of TMT-induced damage. Our data support the efficacy of estrogen-based neuroprotective approaches to counteract early occurring hippocampal damage in the developing hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Furno
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cesari
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Lulli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Clinica e Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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17
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Kosar N, Ayub K, Mahmood T. Accurate theoretical method for homolytic cleavage of C Sn bond: A benchmark approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Spirulina maxima Extract Prevents Neurotoxicity via Promoting Activation of BDNF/CREB Signaling Pathways in Neuronal Cells and Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081363. [PMID: 28817076 PMCID: PMC6151979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina maxima is a microalgae which contains flavonoids and other polyphenols. Although Spirulina maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE) has diverse beneficial effects, its effects on neurotoxicity have not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SM70EE against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity in HT-22 cells. SM70EE inhibited the cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Besides, ROS production was decreased by down-regulating oxidative stress-associated enzymes. SM70EE increased the factors of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) signalling pathways. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was suppressed by SM70EE. Furthermore, we investigated whether SM70EE prevents cognitive deficits against scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice by applying behavioral tests. SM70EE increased step-through latency time and decreased the escape latency time. Therefore, our data suggest that SM70EE may prevent TMT neurotoxicity through promoting activation of BDNF/CREB neuroprotective signaling pathways in neuronal cells. In vivo study, SM70EE would prevent cognitive deficits against scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice.
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19
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Kim J, Lee S, Kang S, Kim SH, Kim JC, Yang M, Moon C. Brain-derived neurotropic factor and GABAergic transmission in neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1733-1741. [PMID: 29171440 PMCID: PMC5696856 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity induced by stress, radiation, chemicals, or metabolic diseases, is commonly associated with excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The pathological process of neurotoxicity induces neuronal death, interrupts synaptic plasticity in the brain, and is similar to that of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Animal models of neurotoxicity have revealed that clinical symptoms and brain lesions can recover over time via neuroregenerative processes. Specifically, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission are related to both neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration. This review summarizes the accumulating evidences that suggest a pathogenic role of BDNF and GABAergic transmission, their underlying mechanisms, and the relationship between BDNF and GABA in neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms of neuroregeneration that may help in developing potential strategies for pharmacotherapeutic approaches to treat neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sueun Lee
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute for Environmental Science, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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20
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Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides Protect against Trimethyltin Chloride-Induced Apoptosis via Sonic Hedgehog and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways in Mouse Neuro-2a Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9826726. [PMID: 27143997 PMCID: PMC4838808 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9826726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a classic neurotoxicant that can cause severe neurodegenerative diseases. Some signaling pathways involving cell death play pivotal roles in the central nervous system. In this study, the role of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and PI3K/Akt pathways in TMT-induced apoptosis and protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on mouse neuro-2a (N2a) cells were investigated. Results showed that TMT treatment significantly enhanced apoptosis, upregulated proapoptotic Bax, downregulated antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression, and increased caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in N2a cells. TMT induced oxidative stress in cells, performing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) excessive generation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity reduction. TMT significantly decreased phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and inhibited Shh and PI3K/Akt pathways. However, the addition of LBP upregulated GSK-3β phosphorylation, activated Shh and PI3K/Akt pathways, and eventually reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress caused by TMT. The interaction between Shh and PI3K/Akt pathways was clarified by specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or Shh inhibitor GDC-0449. Moreover, LY294002 and GDC-0449 pretreatment both induced phosphorylated GSK-3β downregulation and significantly promoted apoptosis induced by TMT. These results suggest that LBP could reduce TMT-induced N2a cells apoptosis by regulating GSK-3β phosphorylation, Shh, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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21
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Magnolol protects against trimethyltin-induced neuronal damage and glial activation in vitro and in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:173-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Trimethyltin Modulates Reelin Expression and Endogenous Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus of Developing Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1559-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Catino S, Paciello F, Miceli F, Rolesi R, Troiani D, Calabrese V, Santangelo R, Mancuso C. Ferulic Acid Regulates the Nrf2/Heme Oxygenase-1 System and Counteracts Trimethyltin-Induced Neuronal Damage in the Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:305. [PMID: 26779023 PMCID: PMC4705308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, several lines of evidence have pointed out the efficacy of ferulic acid (FA) in counteracting oxidative stress elicited by β-amyloid or free radical initiators, based on the ability of this natural antioxidant to up-regulate the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and biliverdin reductase (BVR) system. However, scarce results can be found in literature regarding the cytoprotective effects of FA in case of damage caused by neurotoxicants. The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanisms through which FA exerts neuroprotection in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to the neurotoxin trimethyltin (TMT). FA (1-10 μM for 6 h) dose-dependently increased both basal and TMT (10 μM for 24 h)-induced HO-1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells by fostering the nuclear translocation of the transcriptional activator Nrf2. In particular, the co-treatment of FA (10 μM) with TMT was also responsible for the nuclear translocation of HO-1 in an attempt to further increase cell stress response in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition to HO-1, FA (1-10 μM for 6 h) dose-dependently increased the basal expression of BVR. The antioxidant and neuroprotective features of FA, through the increase of HO activity, were supported by the evidence that FA inhibited TMT (10 μM)-induced lipid peroxidation (evaluated by detecting 4-hydroxy-nonenal) and DNA fragmentation in SH-SY5Y cells and that this antioxidant effect was reversed by the HO inhibitor Zinc-protoporphyrin-IX (5 μM). Among the by-products of the HO/BVR system, carbon monoxide (CORM-2, 50 nM) and bilirubin (BR, 50 nM) significantly inhibited TMT-induced superoxide anion formation in SH-SY5Y cells. All together, these results corroborate the neuroprotective effect of FA through the up-regulation of the HO-1/BVR system, via carbon monoxide and BR formation, and provide the first evidence on the role of HO-1/Nrf2 axis in FA-related enhancement of cell stress response in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Catino
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine Roma, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University School of Medicine Roma, Italy
| | - Fiorella Miceli
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine Roma, Italy
| | - Rolando Rolesi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University School of Medicine Roma, Italy
| | - Diana Troiani
- Institute of Human Physiology, Catholic University School of Medicine Roma, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Santangelo
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University School of Medicine Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine Roma, Italy
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24
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Lee S, Yang M, Kim J, Son Y, Kim J, Kang S, Ahn W, Kim SH, Kim JC, Shin T, Wang H, Moon C. Involvement of BDNF/ERK signaling in spontaneous recovery from trimethyltin-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity in mice. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:48-58. [PMID: 26772626 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) toxicity causes histopathological damage in the hippocampus and induces seizure behaviors in mice. The lesions and symptoms recover spontaneously over time; however, little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying this recovery from TMT toxicity. We investigated changes in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (BDNF/ERK) signaling pathways in the mouse hippocampus following TMT toxicity. Mice (7 weeks old, C57BL/6) administered TMT (2.6 mg/kg intraperitoneally) showed acute and severe neurodegeneration with increased TUNEL-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. The mRNA and protein levels of BDNF in the hippocampus were elevated by TMT treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TMT treatment markedly increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression in the mouse hippocampus 1-4 days after TMT treatment, although the intensity of ERK immunoreactivity in mossy fiber decreased at 1-8 days post-treatment. In addition, ERK-immunopositive cells were localized predominantly in doublecortin-positive immature progenitor neurons in the DG. In primary cultured immature hippocampal neurons (4 days in vitro), BDNF treatment alleviated TMT-induced neurotoxicity, via activation of the ERK signaling pathway. Thus, we suggest that BDNF/ERK signaling pathways may be associated with cell differentiation and survival of immature progenitor neurons, and will eventually lead to spontaneous recovery in TMT-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-740, South Korea
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Juhwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Wooseok Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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Corvino V, Di Maria V, Marchese E, Lattanzi W, Biamonte F, Michetti F, Geloso MC. Estrogen administration modulates hippocampal GABAergic subpopulations in the hippocampus of trimethyltin-treated rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:433. [PMID: 26594149 PMCID: PMC4633568 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the well-documented involvement of estrogens in the modulation of hippocampal functions in both physiological and pathological conditions, the present study investigates the effects of 17-beta estradiol (E2) administration in the rat model of hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by trimethyltin (TMT) administration (8 mg/kg), characterized by loss of pyramidal neurons in CA1, CA3/hilus hippocampal subfields, associated with astroglial and microglial activation, seizures and cognitive impairment. After TMT/saline treatment, ovariectomized animals received two doses of E2 (0.2 mg/kg intra-peritoneal) or vehicle, and were sacrificed 48 h or 7 days after TMT-treatment. Our results indicate that in TMT-treated animals E2 administration induces the early (48 h) upregulation of genes involved in neuroprotection and synaptogenesis, namely Bcl2, trkB, cadherin 2 and cyclin-dependent-kinase-5. Increased expression levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) 67, neuropeptide Y (Npy), parvalbumin, Pgc-1α and Sirtuin 1 genes, the latter involved in parvalbumin (PV) synthesis, were also evident. Unbiased stereology performed on rats sacrificed 7 days after TMT treatment showed that although E2 does not significantly influence the extent of TMT-induced neuronal death, significantly enhances the TMT-induced modulation of GABAergic interneuron population size in selected hippocampal subfields. In particular, E2 administration causes, in TMT-treated rats, a significant increase in the number of GAD67-expressing interneurons in CA1 stratum oriens, CA3 pyramidal layer, hilus and dentate gyrus, accompanied by a parallel increase in NPY-expressing cells, essentially in the same regions, and of PV-positive cells in CA1 pyramidal layer. The present results add information concerning the role of in vivo E2 administration on mechanisms involved in cellular plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
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Fritsche E, Alm H, Baumann J, Geerts L, Håkansson H, Masjosthusmann S, Witters H. Literature review on in vitro and alternative Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) testing methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.en-778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fritsche
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Group of Sphere Models and Risk Assessment, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Alm
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Group of Sphere Models and Risk Assessment, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jenny Baumann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Group of Sphere Models and Risk Assessment, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lieve Geerts
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk & Health, Boeretang 200, B‐2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Karolinska Institute (KI), Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Unit of Environmental Health Risk Assessment, SE‐171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Masjosthusmann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Group of Sphere Models and Risk Assessment, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hilda Witters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk & Health, Boeretang 200, B‐2400 Mol, Belgium
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27
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Geloso MC, Corvino V, Di Maria V, Marchese E, Michetti F. Cellular targets for neuropeptide Y-mediated control of adult neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:85. [PMID: 25852477 PMCID: PMC4360818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are emerging as key regulators of stem cell niche activities in health and disease, both inside and outside the central nervous system (CNS). Among them, neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides both in the nervous system and in non-neural districts, has become the focus of much attention for its involvement in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions, including the modulation of different stem cell activities. In particular, a pro-neurogenic role of NPY has been evidenced in the neurogenic niche, where a direct effect on neural progenitors has been demonstrated, while different cellular types, including astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells, also appear to be responsive to the peptide. The marked modulation of the NPY system during several pathological conditions that affect neurogenesis, including stress, seizures and neurodegeneration, further highlights the relevance of this peptide in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. In view of the considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms controlling neural cell fate, this review aims to summarize and discuss current data on NPY signaling in the different cellular components of the neurogenic niche in order to elucidate the complexity of the mechanisms underlying the modulatory properties of this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
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28
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Adams MR, Bushnell EA, Bruce Grindley T, Boyd RJ. Organotin bond dissociation energies: An interesting challenge for contemporary computational methods. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Ogata K, Sumida K, Miyata K, Kushida M, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Circulating miR-9* and miR-384-5p as potential indicators for trimethyltin-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 43:198-208. [PMID: 24777749 DOI: 10.1177/0192623314530533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as biomarkers due to their tissue-specific expression and high stability. This study was conducted to investigate whether nervous system-enriched miR-9* and hippocampus-enriched miR-384-5p could be indicators of neurotoxicity in serum. Rats were given a single administration of trimethyltin (TMT) chloride at 6, 9, or 12 mg/kg by gavage, and brain and serum were collected 1, 4, and 7 days after administration. MiR-9* and miR-384-5p levels in serum and hippocampus were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and their neurotoxicity detection sensitivities were compared with nervous symptoms, auditory response, and histopathology. TMT caused tremor, hypersensitivity, and decreased auditory response at 12 mg/kg on day 1 and at 9 mg/kg on day 4. Histopathologically, neural cell death and glial reaction were observed in brain (mainly hippocampus) at 12 mg/kg on day 1, 4, and 7 and at 6 and 9 mg/kg on day 4 and 7. MiR-9* and miR-384-5p levels were elevated in serum at 9 and 12 mg/kg on days 4 and 7 (at 9 mg/kg on day 7, miR-9* only) but were not changed in hippocampus. These miRNAs were considered to be elevated with the evolution of neural cell death and were thus considered possible novel indicators of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ogata
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayo Sumida
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Miyata
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kushida
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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Corvino V, Marchese E, Podda MV, Lattanzi W, Giannetti S, Di Maria V, Cocco S, Grassi C, Michetti F, Geloso MC. The neurogenic effects of exogenous neuropeptide Y: early molecular events and long-lasting effects in the hippocampus of trimethyltin-treated rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88294. [PMID: 24516629 PMCID: PMC3917853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of endogenous neurogenesis is regarded as a promising challenge in neuroprotection. In the rat model of hippocampal neurodegeneration obtained by Trimethyltin (TMT) administration (8 mg/kg), characterised by selective pyramidal cell loss, enhanced neurogenesis, seizures and cognitive impairment, we previously demonstrated a proliferative role of exogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY), on dentate progenitors in the early phases of neurodegeneration. To investigate the functional integration of newly-born neurons, here we studied in adult rats the long-term effects of intracerebroventricular administration of NPY (2 µg/2 µl, 4 days after TMT-treatment), which plays an adjuvant role in neurodegeneration and epilepsy. Our results indicate that 30 days after NPY administration the number of new neurons was still higher in TMT+NPY-treated rats than in control+saline group. As a functional correlate of the integration of new neurons into the hippocampal network, long-term potentiation recorded in Dentate Gyrus (DG) in the absence of GABAA receptor blockade was higher in the TMT+NPY-treated group than in all other groups. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of Kruppel-like factor 9, a transcription factor essential for late-phase maturation of neurons in the DG, and of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5, critically involved in the maturation and dendrite extension of newly-born neurons, revealed a significant up-regulation of both genes in TMT+NPY-treated rats compared with all other groups. To explore the early molecular events activated by NPY administration, the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway, which participates in the maintenance of the neurogenic hippocampal niche, was evaluated by qPCR 1, 3 and 5 days after NPY-treatment. An early significant up-regulation of Shh expression was detected in TMT+NPY-treated rats compared with all other groups, associated with a modulation of downstream genes. Our data indicate that the neurogenic effect of NPY administration during TMT-induced neurodegeneration involves early Shh pathway activation and results in a functional integration of newly-generated neurons into the local circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Podda
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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31
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Gene expression profiling as a tool to investigate the molecular machinery activated during hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by trimethyltin (TMT) administration. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16817-35. [PMID: 23955266 PMCID: PMC3759937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound exhibiting neurotoxicant effects selectively localized in the limbic system and especially marked in the hippocampus, in both experimental animal models and accidentally exposed humans. TMT administration causes selective neuronal death involving either the granular neurons of the dentate gyrus or the pyramidal cells of the Cornu Ammonis, with a different pattern of localization depending on the different species studied or the dosage schedule. TMT is broadly used to realize experimental models of hippocampal neurodegeneration associated with cognitive impairment and temporal lobe epilepsy, though the molecular mechanisms underlying the associated selective neuronal death are still not conclusively clarified. Experimental evidence indicates that TMT-induced neurodegeneration is a complex event involving different pathogenetic mechanisms, probably acting differently in animal and cell models, which include neuroinflammation, intracellular calcium overload, and oxidative stress. Microarray-based, genome-wide expression analysis has been used to investigate the molecular scenario occurring in the TMT-injured brain in different in vivo and in vitro models, producing an overwhelming amount of data. The aim of this review is to discuss and rationalize the state-of-the-art on TMT-associated genome wide expression profiles in order to identify comparable and reproducible data that may allow focusing on significantly involved pathways.
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The neuroprotective effect of gugijihwang-tang on trimethyltin-induced memory dysfunction in the rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:542081. [PMID: 23861706 PMCID: PMC3687724 DOI: 10.1155/2013/542081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gugijihwang-Tang (the herbal formula PM012), a decoction consisting of several herbs including Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, has been widely used as herbal treatment for dementia. In order to investigate the neuroprotective action of this prescription, we examined the effect of Gugijihwang-Tang on learning and memory using the Morris water maze and [F-18]FDG micro PET neuroimaging technique. After injection of trimethyltin (TMT, 8.0 mg/kg, i.p.), which is a potent toxicant that selectively kills cells in the central nervous system, rats were administered Gugijihwang-Tang (100 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for two weeks, followed by the Morris water maze tasks and [F-18]FDG micro PET neuroimaging. In Gugijihwang-Tang administered TMT-treated rats, they showed improved learning and memory abilities in water maze tasks and glucose metabolism, suggesting that Gugijihwang-Tang plays effectively positive role in the improvement of brain function including learning and memory after TMT-induced neurodegeneration. Taken together, our results suggested that the Gugijihwang-Tang should be useful for developing strategies protecting nervous system and improving brain function.
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