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Sood R, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Rudrawar S, Hall S. Neuromodulatory effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176755. [PMID: 38909933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are central to the pathophysiology of asthma and various inflammatory disorders. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) effectively treat respiratory conditions by targeting cysteinyl leukotriene receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2 subtypes. This review explores the multifaceted effects of LTs, extending beyond bronchoconstriction. CysLT receptors are not only present in the respiratory system but are also crucial in neuronal signaling pathways. LTRAs modulate these receptors, influencing downstream signaling, calcium levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS) within neurons hinting at broader implications. Recent studies identify novel molecular targets, sparking interest in repurposing LTRAs for therapeutic use. Clinical trials are investigating their potential in neuroinflammation control, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD). However, montelukast, a long-standing LTRA since 1998, raises concerns due to neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Despite widespread use, understanding montelukast's metabolism and underlying ADR mechanisms remains limited. This review comprehensively examines LTRAs' diverse biological effects, emphasizing non-bronchoconstrictive activities. It also analyses plausible mechanisms behind LTRAs' neuronal effects, offering insights into their potential as neurodegenerative disease modulators. The aim is to inform clinicians, researchers, and pharmaceutical developers about LTRAs' expanding roles, particularly in neuroinflammation control and their promising repurposing for neurodegenerative disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Sood
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | | | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Susan Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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2
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Hagar HH, Alhazmi SM, Arafah M, Bayoumy NM. Inhibition of sepsis-induced pancreatic injury by leukotriene receptor antagonism via modulation of oxidative injury, and downregulation of inflammatory markers in experimental rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3425-3435. [PMID: 37962585 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of montelukast on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pancreatitis. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control, control montelukast, LPS group, and two LPS + montelukast-treated groups. Acute pancreatitis (AP) was induced by a single dose of LPS (6 mg/kg, i.p.), while montelukast was given in two different doses (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) for 3 consecutive days prior to the injection of LPS. AP was demonstrated by significant increases in serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pancreatic enzymes lipase and amylase. Proinflammatory response activation was evident by elevated serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) and increased pancreatic concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1β), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a neutrophil infiltration marker, has also been increased. Oxidative stress was confirmed by significant increases in the concentrations of lipid peroxides measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and decreases in the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the pancreatic tissues of animals treated with LPS. Histological examination confirmed the biochemical alterations. Montelukast treatment reversed all these biochemical indices and histopathological changes that LPS induced. Montelukast reduced the increase in serum levels of lipase, amylase, LDH, total nitrite/nitrate, TNF-α, IL-1β, and ICAM-1. MPO activities and TBARS concentrations were also suppressed while GSH content was increased in pancreatic tissues. These results show that montelukast may be a beneficial pharmacological agent in protection against LPS-induced oxidative pancreatic injury by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, counteracting oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Hagar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaima M Alhazmi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Arafah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nervana Mustafa Bayoumy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Tassan Mazzocco M, Murtaj V, Martins D, Schellino R, Coliva A, Toninelli E, Vercelli A, Turkheimer F, Belloli S, Moresco RM. Exploring the neuroprotective effects of montelukast on brain inflammation and metabolism in a rat model of quinolinic acid-induced striatal neurotoxicity. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:34. [PMID: 36782185 PMCID: PMC9923670 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One intrastriatal administration of quinolinic acid (QA) in rats induces a lesion with features resembling those observed in Huntington's disease. Our aim is to evaluate the effects of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast (MLK), which exhibited neuroprotection in different preclinical models of neurodegeneration, on QA-induced neuroinflammation and regional metabolic functions. METHODS The right and left striatum of Sprague Dawley and athymic nude rats were injected with QA and vehicle (VEH), respectively. Starting from the day before QA injection, animals were treated with 1 or 10 mg/kg of MLK or VEH for 14 days. At 14 and 30 days post-lesion, animals were monitored with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]-VC701, a translocator protein (TSPO)-specific radiotracer. Striatal neuroinflammatory response was measured post-mortem in rats treated with 1 mg/kg of MLK by immunofluorescence. Rats treated with 10 mg/kg of MLK also underwent a [18F]-FDG PET study at baseline and 4 months after lesion. [18F]-FDG PET data were then used to assess metabolic connectivity between brain regions by applying a covariance analysis method. RESULTS MLK treatment was not able to reduce the QA-induced increase in striatal TSPO PET signal and MRI lesion volume, where we only detected a trend towards reduction in animals treated with 10 mg/kg of MLK. Post-mortem immunofluorescence analysis revealed that MLK attenuated the increase in striatal markers of astrogliosis and activated microglia in the lesioned hemisphere. We also found a significant increase in a marker of anti-inflammatory activity (MannR) and a trend towards reduction in a marker of pro-inflammatory activity (iNOS) in the lesioned striatum of MLK-compared to VEH-treated rats. [18F]-FDG uptake was significantly reduced in the striatum and ipsilesional cortical regions of VEH-treated rats at 4 months after lesion. MLK administration preserved glucose metabolism in these cortical regions, but not in the striatum. Finally, MLK was able to counteract changes in metabolic connectivity and measures of network topology induced by QA, in both lesioned and non-lesioned hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS Overall, MLK treatment produced a significant neuroprotective effect by reducing neuroinflammation assessed by immunofluorescence and preserving regional brain metabolism and metabolic connectivity from QA-induced neurotoxicity in cortical and subcortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Tassan Mazzocco
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Murtaj
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roberta Schellino
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Coliva
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Toninelli
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Belloli
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Milan, Italy.
- Technomed Foundation and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Liu X, Tang SS, Liu SM, Zeng J, Chen ZG, Liu CH, Mu RH, Yuan DH, Zhao JJ, Hong H, Wang H. Deficiency of astrocyte CysLT1R ameliorates depression-like behaviors in mice by modulating glutamate synaptic transmission. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Yates AG, Kislitsyna E, Alfonso Martin C, Zhang J, Sewell AL, Goikolea-Vives A, Cai V, Alkhader LF, Skaland A, Hammond B, Dimitrova R, Batalle D, Fernandes C, Edwards AD, Gressens P, Thornton C, Stolp HB. Montelukast reduces grey matter abnormalities and functional deficits in a mouse model of inflammation-induced encephalopathy of prematurity. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:265. [PMID: 36309753 PMCID: PMC9617353 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) affects approximately 30% of infants born < 32 weeks gestation and is highly associated with inflammation in the foetus. Here we evaluated the efficacy of montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist widely used to treat asthma in children, to ameliorate peripheral and central inflammation, and subsequent grey matter neuropathology and behaviour deficits in a mouse model of EoP. Male CD-1 mice were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline or interleukin-1beta (IL-1β, 40 μg/kg, 5 μL/g body weight) from postnatal day (P)1-5 ± concomitant montelukast (1-30 mg/kg). Saline or montelukast treatment was continued for a further 5 days post-injury. Assessment of systemic and central inflammation and short-term neuropathology was performed from 4 h following treatment through to P10. Behavioural testing, MRI and neuropathological assessments were made on a second cohort of animals from P36 to 54. Montelukast was found to attenuate both peripheral and central inflammation, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF) in the brain. Inflammation induced a reduction in parvalbumin-positive interneuron density in the cortex, which was normalised with high-dose montelukast. The lowest effective dose, 3 mg/kg, was able to improve anxiety and spatial learning deficits in this model of inflammatory injury, and alterations in cortical mean diffusivity were not present in animals that received this dose of montelukast. Repurposed montelukast administered early after preterm birth may, therefore, improve grey matter development and outcome in EoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi G Yates
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Kislitsyna
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carla Alfonso Martin
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amy L Sewell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ane Goikolea-Vives
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Valerie Cai
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Lama F Alkhader
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksander Skaland
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Basil Hammond
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopment Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Claire Thornton
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Helen B Stolp
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
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Rostevanov IS, Betesh-Abay B, Nassar A, Rubin E, Uzzan S, Kaplanski J, Biton L, Azab AN. Montelukast induces beneficial behavioral outcomes and reduces inflammation in male and female rats. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981440. [PMID: 36148246 PMCID: PMC9487911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulative data links inflammation and immune dysregulation to the pathophysiology of mental disorders; little is known regarding leukotrienes’ (LTs) involvement in this process. Circumstantial evidence suggests that treatment with leukotriene modifying agents (LTMAs) such as montelukast (MTK) may induce adverse neuropsychiatric events. Further methodic evaluation is warranted. Objective This study aims to examine behavioral effects, as well as inflammatory mediator levels of chronic MTK treatment in male and female rats. Methods Depression-like phenotypes were induced by exposing male and female rats to a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol for four weeks. Thereafter, rats were treated (intraperitoneally) once daily, for two weeks, with either vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide 0.2 ml/rat) or 20 mg/kg MTK. Following treatment protocols, behavioral tests were conducted and brain regions were evaluated for inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and prostaglandin (PG) E2. Results Overall, MTK did not invoke negative behavioral phenotypes (except for an aggression-inducing effect in males). Numerous positive behavioral outcomes were observed, including reduction in aggressive behavior in females and reduced manic/hyperactive-like behavior and increased sucrose consumption (suggestive of antidepressant-like effect) in males. Furthermore, in control males, MTK increased IL-6 levels in the hypothalamus and TNF-α in the frontal cortex, while in control females it generated a robust anti-inflammatory effect. In females that were subjected to CUMS, MTK caused a prominent reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 in brain regions, whereas in CUMS-subjected males its effects were inconsistent. Conclusion Contrary to prior postulations, MTK may be associated with select beneficial behavioral outcomes. Additionally, MTK differentially affects male vs. female rats in respect to brain inflammatory mediators, plausibly explaining the dissimilar behavioral phenotypes of sexes under MTK treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira S. Rostevanov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Batya Betesh-Abay
- Department of Nursing, School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ahmad Nassar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elina Rubin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sarit Uzzan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jacob Kaplanski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Linoy Biton
- Department of Nursing, School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Abed N. Azab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Nursing, School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Abed N. Azab,
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7
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Marques CF, Marques MM, Justino GC. Leukotrienes vs. Montelukast—Activity, Metabolism, and Toxicity Hints for Repurposing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091039. [PMID: 36145259 PMCID: PMC9505853 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing environmental distress is associated with a growing asthma incidence; no treatments are available but montelukast (MTK)—an antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor 1—is widely used in the management of symptoms among adults and children. Recently, new molecular targets have been identified and MTK has been proposed for repurposing in other therapeutic applications, with several ongoing clinical trials. The proposed applications include neuroinflammation control, which could be explored in some neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (AD and PD). However, this drug has been associated with an increasing number of reported neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Besides, and despite being on the market since 1998, MTK metabolism is still poorly understood and the mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric ADRs remain unknown. We review the role of MTK as a modulator of leukotriene pathways and systematize the current knowledge about MTK metabolism. Known toxic effects of MTK are discussed, and repurposing applications are presented comprehensively, with a focus on AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia F. Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo C. Justino
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Trost A, Motloch K, Koller A, Bruckner D, Runge C, Schroedl F, Bogner B, Kaser-Eichberger A, Strohmaier C, Ladek AM, Preishuber-Pfluegl J, Brunner SM, Aigner L, Reitsamer HA. Inhibition of the cysteinyl leukotriene pathways increases survival of RGCs and reduces microglial activation in ocular hypertension. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108806. [PMID: 34715090 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. This multifactorial, neurodegenerative group of diseases is characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, leading to irreversible visual impairment and blindness. There is a huge unmet and urging need for the development of new and translatable strategies and treatment options to prevent this progressive loss of RGC. Accumulating evidence points towards a critical role of neuroinflammation, in particular microglial cells, in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Leukotrienes are mediators of neuroinflammation and are involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we tested the leukotriene receptors CysLT1R/GPR17-selective antagonist Montelukast (MTK) for its efficacy to modulate the reactive state of microglia in order to ameliorate RGCs loss in experimental glaucoma. Ocular hypertension (OHT) was induced unilaterally by injection of 8 μm magnetic microbead (MB) into the anterior chamber of female Brown Norway rats. The contralateral, untreated eye served as control. Successful induction of OHT was verified by daily IOP measurement using a TonoLab rebound tonometer. Simultaneously to OHT induction, one group received daily MTK treatment and the control group vehicle solution by oral gavage. Animals were sacrificed 13-15 days after MB injection. Retina and optic nerves (ON) of OHT and contralateral eyes were analyzed by immunofluorescence with specific markers for RGCs (Brn3a), microglial cells/macrophages (Iba1 and CD68), and cysteinyl leukotriene pathway receptors (CysLT1R and GPR17). Protein labeling was documented by confocal microscopy and analyzed with ImageJ plugins. Further, mRNA expression of genes of the inflammatory and leukotriene pathway was analyzed in retinal tissue. MTK treatment resulted in a short-term IOP reduction at day 2, which dissipated by day 5 of OHT induction in MTK treated animals. Furthermore, MTK treatment resulted in a decreased activation of Iba1+ microglial cells in the retina and ON, and in a significantly increased RGC survival in OHT eyes. Within the retina, GPR17 and CysLT1R expression was demonstrated in single RCGs and in microglial cells respectively. Further, increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes was detected in OHT induced retinas. In the ON, OHT induction increased the number of GPR17+ cells, showing a trend of reduction following MTK treatment. This study shows for the first time a significantly increased RGC survival in an acute OHT model following treatment with the leukotriene receptor antagonist MTK. These results strongly suggest a neuroprotective effect of MTK and a potential new therapeutic strategy for glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Trost
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Karolina Motloch
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Koller
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Bruckner
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Runge
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Falk Schroedl
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria; Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Bogner
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria; Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Clemens Strohmaier
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Anja-Maria Ladek
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Preishuber-Pfluegl
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne Maria Brunner
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Anton Reitsamer
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, 5020, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
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9
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Acteoside isolated from Colebrookea oppositifolia attenuates I/R brain injury in Wistar rats via modulation of HIF-1α, NF-κB, and VEGF pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1565-1577. [PMID: 34365555 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to assess the anti-stroke activity of acteoside isolated from methanolic root extract of C. oppositifolia METHODS: Ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) brain injury was induced in Wistar rats to assess the anti-stroke activity of acteoside. Rats were pretreated with acteoside (10, 25 & 50 mg/kg, p.o.) before the induction of I/R injury. Parameters such as neurological, motor-cognitive functions were evaluated along with morphological (brain volume, infarct size), biochemical (SOD, Catalase, GSH, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ICAM-1, HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-κB), histopathological, and gene expression studies (HIF-1α, VEGF) were performed to study the protective effect of acteoside against I/R induced brain injury. RESULTS I/R injury caused significant deterioration of neurological (p < 0.01), motor (p < 0.01) and cognitive (p < 0.01) functions, associated with increase in the brain volume (p < 0.01), and infarct size (p < 0.01); increase in the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-κB along with significant decrease in SOD, catalase, GSH, and IL-10 (p < 0.01 for all parameters) compared to Sham control group. Histology of brain tissue of disease control group exhibited significant vascular changes, neutrophil infiltration, cerebral oedema, and necrosis of the neuronal cells. Further, the gene-expression studies showed significant increase in the HIF-1α (p < 0.01) and VEGF (p < 0.01) mRNA levels in the I/R control compared to Sham control. Interestingly, the acteoside (10, 25 & 50 mg/kg) has prevented the neurological, motor and cognitive dysfunctions, along with inhibiting the morphological, biochemical, histological and gene expression changes induced by I/R-injury (p < 0.05 for 10 mg; p < 0.01 for 25 & 50 mg/kg of acteoside for all the parameters). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acteoside possess potent anti-stroke activity through modulation of HIF-1α, NF-κB, and VEGF pathway along with its potent antioxidant activity.
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Azar J, Salama M, Chidambaram SB, Al‐Balushi B, Essa MM, Qoronfleh MW. Precision health in Alzheimer disease: Risk assessment‐based strategies. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Azar
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I‐GHHE) The American University in Cairo (AUC) Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I‐GHHE) The American University in Cairo (AUC) Cairo Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Mysuru India
| | - Buthaina Al‐Balushi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3CG Research Institute (QRI) Research & Policy Division Ypsilanti Michigan USA
- 21 Health Street, Consulting Services London UK
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Tesfaye BA, Hailu HG, Zewdie KA, Ayza MA, Berhe DF. Montelukast: The New Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Epilepsy. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:23-31. [PMID: 33505173 PMCID: PMC7829127 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s277720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no definitive cure for epilepsy. The available medications relieve symptoms and reduce seizure attacks. The major challenge with the available antiepileptic medication is safety and affordability. The repurposing of montelukast for epilepsy can be an alternative medication with a better safety profile. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that binds to the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) receptors used in the treatment of bronchial asthma and seasonal allergies. Emerging evidence suggests that montelukast's anti-inflammatory effect can help to maintain BBB integrity. The drug has also neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities to reduce seizure incidence and epilepsy. The present review summarizes the neuropharmacological actions of montelukast in epilepsy with an emphasis on the recent findings associated with CysLT and cell-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekalu Amare Tesfaye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Gebregergs Hailu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Altaye Ayza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Derbew Fikadu Berhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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12
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Targeted anti-inflammatory therapy is a new insight for reducing cardiovascular events: A review from physiology to the clinic. Life Sci 2020; 253:117720. [PMID: 32360620 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable progressions, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still one of the major causes of mortality around the world, indicates an important and unmet clinical need. Recently, extensive studies have been performed on the role of inflammatory factors as either a major or surrogate factor in the pathophysiology of CVD. Epidemiological observations suggest the theory of the role of inflammatory mediators in the development of cardiovascular events. This may support the idea that targeted anti-inflammatory therapies, on the background of traditional validated medical therapies, can play a significant role in prevention and even reduction of cardiovascular disorders. Many randomized controlled trials have shown that drugs commonly useful for primary and secondary prevention of CVD have an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Further, many anti-inflammatory drugs are being examined because of their potential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems. In this study, we review the process of inflammation in the development of cardiovascular events, both in vivo and clinical evidence in immunotherapy for CVD.
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Abdelzaher LA, Hussein OA, Ashry IEM. The Novel Potential Therapeutic Utility of Montelukast in Alleviating Autistic Behavior Induced by Early Postnatal Administration of Thimerosal in Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:129-150. [PMID: 32303879 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Thimerosal (THIM) is a mercury-containing preservative widely used in many biological and medical products including many vaccines. It has been accused of being a possible etiological factor for some neurodevelopmental disorders such as autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs). In our study, the potential therapeutic effect of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat seasonal allergies and asthma, on THIM mice model (ASDs model) was examined. METHODOLOGY Newborn mice were randomly distributed into three groups: (Group 1) Control (Cont.) group received saline injections. (Group 2) THIM-treated (THIM) group received THIM intramuscular (IM) at a dose of 3000 μg Hg/kg on postnatal days 7, 9, 11, and 15. (Group 3) Montelukast-treated (Monte) group received THIM followed by montelukast sodium (10 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneal (IP) for 3 weeks. Mice were evaluated for growth development, social interactions, anxiety, locomotor activity, and cognitive function. Brain histopathology, alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), apoptotic factor (Bax), and brain injury markers were evaluated as well. RESULTS THIIM significantly impaired social activity and growth development. Montelukast mitigated THIM-induced social deficit probably through α7nAChRs upregulation, NF-κB p65, Bax, and brain injury markers downregulation, thus suppressing THIM-induced neuronal toxicity and inflammation. CONCLUSION Neonatal exposure to THIM can induce growth retardation and abnormal social interactions similar to those observed in ASDs. Some of these abnormalities could be ameliorated by montelukast via upregulation of α7nAChRs that inhibited NF-κB activation and significant suppression of neuronal injury and the associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna A Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ola A Hussein
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - I E M Ashry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Wu L, Xiong X, Wu X, Ye Y, Jian Z, Zhi Z, Gu L. Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation to Prevent Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:28. [PMID: 32194375 PMCID: PMC7066113 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral ischemia injury can result in neuronal death and/or functional impairment, which leads to further damage and dysfunction after recovery of blood supply. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) often causes irreversible brain damage and neuronal injury and death, which involves many complex pathological processes including oxidative stress, amino acid toxicity, the release of endogenous substances, inflammation and apoptosis. Oxidative stress and inflammation are interactive and play critical roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain. Oxidative stress is important in the pathological process of ischemic stroke and is critical for the cascade development of ischemic injury. Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cerebral ischemia and is more likely to lead to cell death and ultimately brain death after reperfusion. During reperfusion especially, superoxide anion free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals, and nitric oxide (NO) are produced, which can cause lipid peroxidation, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Inflammation alters the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemic injury. Inflammatory factors can therefore stimulate or exacerbate inflammation and aggravate ischemic injury. Neuroprotective therapies for various stages of the cerebral ischemia cascade response have received widespread attention. At present, neuroprotective drugs mainly include free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-apoptotic agents. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation, and their interplay with different types of programmed cell death in ischemia/reperfusion injury are unclear. The development of a suitable method for combination therapy has become a hot topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeng Zhi
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Im SH, Jung HT, Ho MJ, Lee JE, Kim HT, Kim DY, Lee HC, Choi YS, Kang MJ. Montelukast Nanocrystals for Transdermal Delivery with Improved Chemical Stability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010018. [PMID: 31877986 PMCID: PMC7022715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanocrystal system of montelukast (MTK) was designed to improve the transdermal delivery, while ensuring chemical stability of the labile compound. MTK nanocrystal suspension was fabricated using acid-base neutralization and ultra-sonication technique and was characterized as follows: approximately 100 nm in size, globular shape, and amorphous state. The embedding of MTK nanocrystals into xanthan gum-based hydrogel caused little changes in the size, shape, and crystalline state of the nanocrystal. The in vitro drug release profile from the nanocrystal hydrogel was comparable to that of the conventional hydrogel because of the rapid dissolution pattern of the drug nanocrystals. The drug degradation under visible exposure (400–800 nm, 600,000 lux·h) was markedly reduced in case of nanocrystal hydrogel, yielding only 30% and 50% amount of cis-isomer and sulfoxide as the major degradation products, as compared to those of drug alkaline solution. Moreover, there was no marked pharmacokinetic difference between the nanocrystal and the conventional hydrogels, exhibiting equivalent extent and rate of drug absorption after topical administration in rats. Therefore, this novel nanocrystal system can be a potent tool for transdermal delivery of MTK in the treatment of chronic asthma or seasonal allergies, with better patient compliance, especially in children and elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Seok Choi
- Correspondence: (Y.S.C.); (M.J.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1439 (Y.S.C); +82-41-550-1446 (M.J.K.)
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- Correspondence: (Y.S.C.); (M.J.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1439 (Y.S.C); +82-41-550-1446 (M.J.K.)
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Modulation of neuroinflammation by cysteinyl leukotriene 1 and 2 receptors: implications for cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 87:1-10. [PMID: 31986345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex biological process and has been known to play an important role in age-related cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent inflammatory lipid mediators that exhibit actions mainly through activating type 1 and type 2 CysLT receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2). Accumulating evidence shows that CysLT1 and CysLT2 are activated at different stages of pathological process in various cell types in the brain such as vascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in response to insults. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of CysLT1 and CysLT2 in regulating the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease are not fully understood. In this article, we focus on current advances that link activation of CysLT1 and CysLT2 to the pathological process during brain ischemia and neurodegeneration and discuss mechanisms by which CysLT1 and CysLT2 mediate inflammatory process and brain injury. Multitarget anti-inflammatory potentials of CysLT1 and CysLT2 antagonism for neuroinflammation and brain injury will also be reviewed.
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Malone K, Amu S, Moore AC, Waeber C. Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Strategies in Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:630. [PMID: 31281252 PMCID: PMC6595144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of immunity in all stages of stroke is increasingly being recognized, from the pathogenesis of risk factors to tissue repair, leading to the investigation of a range of immunomodulatory therapies. In the acute phase of stroke, proposed therapies include drugs targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and leukocyte infiltration, with a key objective to reduce initial brain cell toxicity. Systemically, the early stages of stroke are also characterized by stroke-induced immunosuppression, where downregulation of host defences predisposes patients to infection. Therefore, strategies to modulate innate immunity post-stroke have garnered greater attention. A complementary objective is to reduce longer-term sequelae by focusing on adaptive immunity. Following stroke onset, the integrity of the blood–brain barrier is compromised, exposing central nervous system (CNS) antigens to systemic adaptive immune recognition, potentially inducing autoimmunity. Some pre-clinical efforts have been made to tolerize the immune system to CNS antigens pre-stroke. Separately, immune cell populations that exhibit a regulatory phenotype (T- and B- regulatory cells) have been shown to ameliorate post-stroke inflammation and contribute to tissue repair. Cell-based therapies, established in oncology and transplantation, could become a strategy to treat the acute and chronic stages of stroke. Furthermore, a role for the gut microbiota in ischaemic injury has received attention. Finally, the immune system may play a role in remote ischaemic preconditioning-mediated neuroprotection against stroke. The development of stroke therapies involving organs distant to the infarct site, therefore, should not be overlooked. This review will discuss the immune mechanisms of various therapeutic strategies, surveying published data and discussing more theoretical mechanisms of action that have yet to be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Malone
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sylvie Amu
- Cancer Research @UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne C Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christian Waeber
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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18
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Syu GD, Wang SC, Ma G, Liu S, Pearce D, Prakash A, Henson B, Weng LC, Ghosh D, Ramos P, Eichinger D, Pino I, Dong X, Xiao J, Wang S, Tao N, Kim KS, Desai PJ, Zhu H. Development and application of a high-content virion display human GPCR array. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1997. [PMID: 31040288 PMCID: PMC6491619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to various ligands and stimuli. However, GPCRs rely on membrane for proper folding, making their biochemical properties difficult to study. By displaying GPCRs in viral envelopes, we fabricated a Virion Display (VirD) array containing 315 non-olfactory human GPCRs for functional characterization. Using this array, we found that 10 of 20 anti-GPCR mAbs were ultra-specific. We further demonstrated that those failed in the mAb assays could recognize their canonical ligands, suggesting proper folding. Next, using two peptide ligands on the VirD-GPCR array, we identified expected interactions and novel interactions. Finally, we screened the array with group B Streptococcus, a major cause of neonatal meningitis, and demonstrated that inhibition of a newly identified target, CysLTR1, reduced bacterial penetration both in vitro and in vivo. We believe that the VirD-GPCR array holds great potential for high-throughput screening for small molecule drugs, affinity reagents, and ligand deorphanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Shih-Chin Wang
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Guangzhong Ma
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Donna Pearce
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Atish Prakash
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Brandon Henson
- Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Lien-Chun Weng
- Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Devlina Ghosh
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Ramos
- CDI Laboratories, Inc., Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 00682, USA
| | | | - Ignacio Pino
- CDI Laboratories, Inc., Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 00682, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Prashant J Desai
- Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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Chen X, Zhang X, Pan J. Effect of Montelukast on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) and Related Mechanisms. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1886-1893. [PMID: 30862773 PMCID: PMC6427930 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease common in preterm infants. Montelukast, an effective cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT) receptor antagonist, has a variety of pharmacological effects and has protective effects against a variety of diseases. Currently, the efficacy and safety of montelukast sodium in treating BPD has been revealed, however, the precise molecular mechanism of the effect of montelukast on BPD development remain largely unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of montelukast on BPD in vivo and in vitro. Material/Methods A mouse BPD model and hyperoxia-induced lung cell injury model were established and treated with montelukast. Then mean linear intercept (MLI), radial alveolar count (RAC), lung weight/body weight (LW/BW) ratio, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress-related factors in lung tissues were determined. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using MTT assay and flow cytometer respectively. Results The results showed that montelukast treatment relieved mouse BPD, evidenced by increased RAC and decreased MLI and LW/BW ratios. We also found that montelukast treatment reduced pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) production, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the lung tissues of BPD mice. Besides, montelukast eliminated the reduced cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis induced by hyperoxia exposure in vitro. Moreover, the upregulated pro-inflammatory factors production and p-p65 protein level in lung cells caused by hyperoxia were decreased by montelukast treatment. Conclusions Montelukast protected against mouse BPD induced by hyperoxia through inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and lung cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Children's Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jiahua Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Gelosa P, Bonfanti E, Castiglioni L, Delgado-Garcia JM, Gruart A, Fontana L, Gotti M, Tremoli E, Lecca D, Fumagalli M, Cimino M, Aigner L, Abbracchio MP, Sironi L. Improvement of fiber connectivity and functional recovery after stroke by montelukast, an available and safe anti-asthmatic drug. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:223-236. [PMID: 30818044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of death, neurological dysfunctions or disability in elderly. Neuroprotective drugs have been proposed to improve long-term recovery after stroke, but failed to reach clinical effectiveness. Hence, recent studies suggested that restorative therapies should combine neuroprotection and remyelination. Montelukast, an anti-asthmatic drug, was shown to exert neuroprotection in animal models of CNS injuries, but its ability to affect oligodendrocytes, restoring fiber connectivity, remains to be determined. In this study, we evaluated whether montelukast induces long-term repair by promoting fiber connectivity up to 8 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), using different experimental approaches such as in vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrophysiological techniques, ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tracking and immunohistochemistry. We found that, in parallel with a reduced evolution of ischemic lesion and atrophy, montelukast increased the DTI-derived axial diffusivity and number of myelin fibers, the density of myelin binding protein (MBP) and the number of GSTpi+ mature oligodendrocytes. Together with the rescue of MCAo-induced impairments of local field potentials in ischemic cortex, the data suggest that montelukast may improve fibers reorganization. Thus, to ascertain whether this effect involved changes of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) activation and maturation, we used the reporter GPR17iCreERT2:CAG-eGreen florescent protein (GFP) mice that allowed us to trace the fate of OPCs throughout animal's life. Our results showed that montelukast enhanced the OPC recruitment and proliferation at acute phase, and increased their differentiation to mature oligodendrocytes at chronic phase after MCAo. Considering the crosstalk between OPCs and microglia has been widely reported in the context of demyelinating insults, we also assessed microglia activation. We observed that montelukast influenced the phenotype of microglial cells, increasing the number of M2 polarized microglia/macrophages, over the M1 phenotype, at acute phase after MCAo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that montelukast improves fiber re-organization and long-term functional recovery after brain ischemia, enhancing recruitment and maturation of OPCs. The present data suggest that montelukast, an already approved drug, could be "repositioned "as a protective drug in stroke acting also on fiber re-organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gelosa
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bonfanti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Lucia Fontana
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gotti
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Lecca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Cimino
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria P Abbracchio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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21
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Rahman SO, Singh RK, Hussain S, Akhtar M, Najmi AK. A novel therapeutic potential of cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors modulation in the neurological complications associated with Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:208-220. [PMID: 30389631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are member of eicosanoid inflammatory lipid mediators family produced by oxidation of arachidonic acid by action of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). 5-LOX is activated by enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), which further lead to production of cysLTs i.e. leukotriene C4 (LTC4), leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and leukotriene E4 (LTE4). CysLTs then produce their potent inflammatory actions by activating CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors. Inhibitors of cysLTs are indicated in asthma, allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory disorders. Earlier studies have associated cysLTs and their receptors in several neurodegenerative disorders diseases like, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These inflammatory lipid mediators have previously shown effects on various aggravating factors of AD. However, not much data has been elucidated to test their role against AD clinically. Herein, through this review, we have provided the current and emerging information on the role of cysLTs and their receptors in various neurological complications responsible for the development of AD. In addition, literature evidences for the effect of cysLT inhibitors on distinct aspects of abnormalities in AD has also been reviewed. Promising advancement in understanding on the role of cysLTs on the various neuromodulatory processes and mechanisms may contribute to the development of newer and safer therapy for the treatment of AD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Sohna, Gurgaon 122013, Haryana, India.
| | - Salman Hussain
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Hoxha M, Lewis-Mikhael AM, Bueno-Cavanillas A. Potential role of leukotriene receptor antagonists in reducing cardiovascular and cerbrovascular risk: A systematic review of human clinical trials and in vivo animal studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:956-965. [PMID: 30119268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotrienes are important lipid mediators of inflammation arising from arachidonic acid cascade. They are implicated in vascular inflammation and produced in different pathologic conditions as atherosclerosis, stroke and myocardial infarction. Different studies have investigated the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) in reducing some cardiovascular events, especially in animals. We conducted a systematic review of both in vivo animal and human studies to determine the potential role of leukotriene receptor antagonist in reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. METHODS Data sources: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane database. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles and extracted relevant data. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included, of which 26 were conducted in animals, and 2 in humans. CONCLUSIONS All animal studies reported that using a leukotriene receptor antagonist brings to a reduction of either myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or atherosclerosis risk. Similar results were obtained from two clinical trials on humans, suggesting a potential role of montelukast in reducing some cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Department of Chemical- Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania; Università degli studi di Milano, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosantiaria, IBS Granada, Spain; Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
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23
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Mansour RM, Ahmed MAE, El-Sahar AE, El Sayed NS. Montelukast attenuates rotenone-induced microglial activation/p38 MAPK expression in rats: Possible role of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 358:76-85. [PMID: 30222980 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Montelukast (MK),a cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT1) receptor antagonist, latterly exhibited a remarkable neuroprotective activity in various neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to elucidate the neuroprotective effect of MK in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) model in rats. Ninety six male rats were split into four groups: vehicle control (0.2 ml/kg/48 h, sc), MK (10 mg/kg/day, ip), rotenone (1.5 mg/kg/48 h, sc.) and rotenone pretreated with MK. Rotenone treatment led to significant reduction in motor functioning and elevation in oxidative stress markers. Additionally, upregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and CysLT1 receptor expressions were anchored with enhanced striatal microglial activation generating a severe neuro-inflammatory milieu. Furthermore, an augmentation in p53 expression and cleaved caspases-3 activity increased apoptotic neurodegeneration synchronized with reduction of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) content. Changes in neuronal morphology was also noted. MK administration significantly mitigated motor impairment and rise in oxidative stress mediators. As well, the anti-inflammatory activity of MK was manifested by hindering the principal controller of inflammatory pathway, nuclear factor-kappa B, followed by its downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta), by attenuating striatal microglial activation and hampering the expression of both p38 MAPK and CysLT1. Moreover, MK revealed a decline in p53 expression with its downstream cleaved caspases-3 which resulted in preservation of striatal TH terminals as verified by increased striatal TH content and improvement in the histopathological changes incited by rotenone. In conclusion, MK endowed neuroprotective effects in rotenone-induced PD animal model via attenuation of microglial cell activation and p38 MAPK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
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24
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Nagarajan VB, Marathe PA. Effect of montelukast in experimental model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 682:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Effect of low-frequency but high-intensity noise exposure on swine brain blood barrier permeability and its mechanism of injury. Neurosci Lett 2017; 662:122-128. [PMID: 28941872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vibroacousitic disease (VAD) is caused by excessive exposure to low-frequency but high-intensity noise. The integrity of the brain blood barrier (BBB) is essential for the brain. The study aimed to investigate the effect of noise exposure on the BBB. METHODS Healthy male Bama swine were exposed to 50, 70, 100, and 120Hz, 140dB noise for 30min. After exposure, CT brain imaging and ex vivo fluorescent imaging of parenchymal EB leakage were performed (each group consisted of N=3 swine). The human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to 70Hz, 140dB noise for 5min. RESULTS The BBB permeability assay showed that 50, 70, and 100Hz with 140dB noise exposure accelerated BBB permeability, and the BBB opening at 70Hz was most serious and reversible. Additionally, CT images demonstrated that the noise-induced opening of the BBB caused no intracerebral hemorrhage. This noise-induced BBB opening was related to the downregulation of zo-1 and occludin. Finally, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1 receptor) was found to regulate noise-induced tight junction defects in vitro. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, noise exposure accelerates the formation of a high-permeability BBB with leaky tight junctions through a CysLT1-mediated mechanism, which warrants additional research.
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26
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Godinho J, de Oliveira RMW, de Sa-Nakanishi AB, Bacarin CC, Huzita CH, Longhini R, Mello JCP, Nakamura CV, Previdelli IS, Dal Molin Ribeiro MH, Milani H. Ethyl-acetate fraction of Trichilia catigua restores long-term retrograde memory and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation after global cerebral ischemia in rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 337:173-182. [PMID: 28919157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We originally reported that an ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of Trichilia catigua prevented the impairment of water maze learning and hippocampal neurodegeneration after transient global cerebral (TGCI) in mice. We extended that previous study by evaluating whether T. catigua (i) prevents the loss of long-term retrograde memory assessed in the aversive radial maze (AvRM), (ii) confers hippocampal and cortical neuroprotection, and (iii) mitigates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats that are subjected to the four vessel occlusion (4-VO) model of TGCI. In the first experiment, naive rats were trained in the AvRM and then subjected to TGCI. The EAF was administered orally 30min before and 1h after TGCI, and administration continued once per day for 7days post-ischemia. In the second experiment, the EAF was administered 30min before and 1h after TGCI, and protein carbonylation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assayed 24h and 5days later, respectively. Retrograde memory performance was assessed 8, 15, and 21days post-ischemia. Ischemia caused persistent retrograde amnesia, and this effect was prevented by T. catigua. This memory protection (or preservation) persisted even after the treatment was discontinued, despite the absence of histological neuroprotection. Protein carbonyl group content and MPO activity increased around 43% and 100%, respectively, after TGCI, which were abolished by the EAF of T. catigua. The administration of EAF did not coincide with the days of memory testing. The data indicate that antioxidant and/or antiinflammatory actions in the early phase of ischemia/reperfusion contribute to the long-term antiamnesic effect of T. catigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Godinho
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Hitomi Huzita
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata Longhini
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Carlos P Mello
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Cysteinyl Leukotrienes as Potential Pharmacological Targets for Cerebral Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3454212. [PMID: 28607533 PMCID: PMC5451784 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3454212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid mediators widely known for their actions in asthma and in allergic rhinitis. Accumulating data highlights their involvement in a broader range of inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. The reported elevated levels of CysLTs in acute and chronic brain lesions, the association between the genetic polymorphisms in the LTs biosynthesis pathways and the risk of cerebral pathological events, and the evidence from animal models link also CysLTs and brain diseases. This review will give an overview of how far research has gone into the evaluation of the role of CysLTs in the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (ischemia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, multiple sclerosis/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and epilepsy) in order to understand the underlying mechanism by which they might be central in the disease progression.
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28
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Mendelsohn AR, Larrick JW. Pharmaceutical Rejuvenation of Age-Associated Decline in Spatial Memory. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 19:521-524. [PMID: 27881050 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial memory and cognition decline during aging. Montelukast, an FDA approved drug for the treatment of asthma, can restore spatial memory in old rats to levels similar to those of young animals. Treatment improves three hallmarks of aging in the brain: reducing microglial-mediated neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and increasing neurogenesis in the hippocampus although not completely to youthful levels. Other aging-associated parameters, such as reduced synaptic density, are not affected, suggesting that anti-aging therapeutics may be further optimized. Montelukast targets leukotriene receptors GPR17 and CysLTR1 and appears to invert leukotriene signaling, converting an inflammatory signal into an anti-inflammatory signal. This acts as a dominant factor to overcome the dysfunctional effects of aging reportedly mediated, in part, by blood-borne factors such as beta-2 microglobulin that inhibit neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The key mechanism for cognitive improvement by montelukast may be restoration of BBB integrity, which would presumably decrease the amount of deleterious blood-borne factors to enter the brain. Whether or not this hypothesis is true for montelukast, drugs that restore or maintain BBB integrity may be useful in combating age-related loss of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Mendelsohn
- 1 Panorama Research Institute , Sunnyvale, California.,2 Regenerative Sciences Institute , Sunnyvale, California
| | - James W Larrick
- 1 Panorama Research Institute , Sunnyvale, California.,2 Regenerative Sciences Institute , Sunnyvale, California
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29
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Hoxha M, Rovati GE, Cavanillas AB. The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and its possible role in the cardiovascular field. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 73:799-809. [PMID: 28374082 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are pro-inflammatory mediators of the 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO) pathway, that play an important role in bronchoconstriction, but can also enhance endothelial cell permeability and myocardial contractility, and are involved in many other inflammatory conditions. In the late 1990s, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) were introduced in therapy for asthma and later on, approved for the relief of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and urticaria. In addition, it has been shown that LTRAs may have a potential role in preventing atherosclerosis progression. PURPOSE The aims of this short review are to delineate the potential cardiovascular protective role of a LTRA, montelukast, beyond its traditional use, and to foster the design of appropriate clinical trials to test this hypothesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS What it is known about leukotriene receptor antagonists? •Leukotriene receptor antagonist, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, is used in asthma, COPD, and allergic rhinitis. • Montelukast is the most prescribed CysLT1 antagonist used in asthmatic patients. • Different in vivo animal studies have shown that leukotriene receptor antagonists can prevent the atherosclerosis progression, and have a protective role after cerebral ischemia. What we still need to know? • Today, there is a need for conducting clinical trials to assess the role of montelukast in reducing cardiovascular risk and to further understand the mechanism of action behind this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Department of Chemical, Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga. D. Hoxha, Tirana, Albania.
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Bueno Cavanillas
- IBS Granada, University of Granada, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
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30
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Montelukast ameliorates streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in mice. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:214-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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The anti-inflammatory effect of montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist, against estradiol-induced nonbacterial inflammation in the rat prostate. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:197-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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El-Sisi AE, Sokar SS, Abu-Risha SE, Ibrahim HA. Combination of tadalafil and diltiazem attenuates renal ischemia reperfusion-induced acute renal failure in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:861-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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33
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Ghosh A, Chen F, Thakur A, Hong H. Cysteinyl Leukotrienes and Their Receptors: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Central Nervous System Disorders. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:943-951. [PMID: 27542570 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes are a group of the inflammatory lipid molecules well known as mediators of inflammatory signaling in the allergic diseases. Although they are traditionally known for their role in allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and others, recent advances in the field of biomedical research highlighted the role of these inflammatory mediators in a broader range of diseases such as in the inflammation associated with the central nervous system (CNS) disorders, vascular inflammation (atherosclerotic), and in cancer. Among the CNS diseases, they, along with their synthesis precursor enzyme 5-lipoxygenase and their receptors, have been shown to be associated with brain injury, Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain ischemia, epilepsy, and others. However, a lot more remains elusive as the research in these areas is emerging and only a little has been discovered. Herein, through this review, we first provided a general up-to-date information on the synthesis pathway and the receptors for the molecules. Next, we summarized the current findings on their role in the brain disorders, with an insight given to the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Kittana N, Hattab S, Ziyadeh-Isleem A, Jaradat N, Zaid AN. Montelukast, current indications and prospective future applications. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:943-56. [PMID: 27485393 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Montelukast is recommended for the treatment of asthma, exercise -induced bronchospasm and allergic rhinitis. Several trials demonstrated potential therapeutic effects in other respiratory conditions, and different animal-model-based studies explored potential pharmacological actions in non-respiratory conditions. AREAS COVERED Clinical investigations on the pharmacotherapeutic effects of montelukast, in addition to in-vivo studies on animal models of non-respiratory diseases. The data discussed in this review were mainly obtained from clinical randomized trials, real-life studies, and studies based on animal models as approve of concept. As a condition, all of the discussed articles were published in journals cited by Pubmed. Expert commentary: The current clinical data are in favor of montelukast use in the management of chronic asthma as an add-on or alternative therapy to the inhaled corticosteroids. Further clinical trials are required to confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of montelukast for the treatment of conditions other than the current clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Kittana
- a Division of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Suhaib Hattab
- a Division of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Azza Ziyadeh-Isleem
- a Division of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- b Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Abdel-Naser Zaid
- b Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
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35
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Singh B, Randhawa PK, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Investigations on the role of leukotrienes in remote hind limb preconditioning-induced cardioprotection in rats. Life Sci 2016; 152:238-43. [PMID: 27058978 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of remote hind limb preconditioning (RIPC) are well established, but its mechanisms still remain to be explored. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the possible involvement of 5-lipoxygenase-derived leukotrienes in RIPC. The hind limb was tied by a pressure cuff and was subjected to four episodes of inflation and deflation (5min each) to induce remote hind-limb preconditioning. Thereafter, the hearts were isolated and were subjected to global ischemia (30min) followed by reperfusion (120min) on the Langendorff apparatus. The extent of myocardial injury was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels in the coronary effluent; the infarct size using TTC staining, and the hemodynamic parameters including LVDP, dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin. RIPC significantly decreased ischemia and reperfusion-induced increase in LDH, CK release, infarct size and improved LVDP, dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin. Administration of montelukast, leukotriene receptor antagonist (10 and 20mg/kg) and zileuton, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, (2.5 and 5mg/kg) abolished RIPC-induced cardioprotection. It may be concluded that hind limb ischemia stimulates 5-lipoxygenase to release leukotrienes which may elicit cardioprotection by humoral or neurogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
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Fleck J, Temp FR, Marafiga JR, Jesse AC, Milanesi LH, Rambo LM, Mello CF. Montelukast reduces seizures in pentylenetetrazol-kindled mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e5031. [PMID: 26909785 PMCID: PMC4792507 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20155031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) have been implicated in seizures and kindling; however, the effect of CysLT receptor antagonists on seizure frequency in kindled animals and changes in CysLT receptor expression after pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling have not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated whether the CysLT1 inverse agonist montelukast, and a classical anticonvulsant, phenobarbital, were able to reduce seizures in PTZ-kindled mice and alter CysLT receptor expression. Montelukast (10 mg/kg, sc) and phenobarbital (20 mg/kg, sc) increased the latency to generalized seizures in kindled mice. Montelukast increased CysLT1 immunoreactivity only in non-kindled, PTZ-challenged mice. Interestingly, PTZ challenge decreased CysLT2 immunoreactivity only in kindled mice. CysLT1 antagonists appear to emerge as a promising adjunctive treatment for refractory seizures. Nevertheless, additional studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical implications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fleck
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - F R Temp
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - J R Marafiga
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - A C Jesse
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - L H Milanesi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - L M Rambo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - C F Mello
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Marschallinger J, Schäffner I, Klein B, Gelfert R, Rivera FJ, Illes S, Grassner L, Janssen M, Rotheneichner P, Schmuckermair C, Coras R, Boccazzi M, Chishty M, Lagler FB, Renic M, Bauer HC, Singewald N, Blümcke I, Bogdahn U, Couillard-Despres S, Lie DC, Abbracchio MP, Aigner L. Structural and functional rejuvenation of the aged brain by an approved anti-asthmatic drug. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8466. [PMID: 26506265 PMCID: PMC4639806 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy has improved rapidly in industrialized societies, age-related cognitive impairment presents an increasing challenge. Targeting histopathological processes that correlate with age-related cognitive declines, such as neuroinflammation, low levels of neurogenesis, disrupted blood–brain barrier and altered neuronal activity, might lead to structural and functional rejuvenation of the aged brain. Here we show that a 6-week treatment of young (4 months) and old (20 months) rats with montelukast, a marketed anti-asthmatic drug antagonizing leukotriene receptors, reduces neuroinflammation, elevates hippocampal neurogenesis and improves learning and memory in old animals. By using gene knockdown and knockout approaches, we demonstrate that the effect is mediated through inhibition of the GPR17 receptor. This work illustrates that inhibition of leukotriene receptor signalling might represent a safe and druggable target to restore cognitive functions in old individuals and paves the way for future clinical translation of leukotriene receptor inhibition for the treatment of dementias. The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast is an anti-asthmatic drug. Here, the authors show that montelukast reduces neuroinflammation, promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and restores learning and memory in old rats suffering from ageing-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Marschallinger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Klein
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Renate Gelfert
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Illes
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Grassner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, BG Trauma Center Murnau, 82418 Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
| | - Maximilian Janssen
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rotheneichner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Schmuckermair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marta Boccazzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Florian B Lagler
- Department for Paediatrics, Institute for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marija Renic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hans-Christian Bauer
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria P Abbracchio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Protective effects of allicin against ischemic stroke in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3734-3738. [PMID: 26045182 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin, a molecule predominantly responsible for the pungent odor and the antibiotic function of garlic, exhibits various pharmacological activities and has been suggested to be beneficial in the treatment of various disorders. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of allicin in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Rats were subjected to 1.5 h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Rats were randomly assigned to the sham surgery group, the MCAO group and the MCAO + allicin group. Neurological score, cerebral infarct size, brain water content, neuronal apoptosis, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. The results suggested that allicin reduced cerebral infarction area, brain water content, neuronal apoptosis, TNF‑α levels and MPO activity in the serum. The results of the present study indicated that allicin protects the brain from cerebral I/R injury, which may be ascribed to its anti‑apoptotic and anti‑inflammatory effects.
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Akinmoladun AC, Akinrinola BL, Olaleye MT, Farombi EO. Kolaviron, a Garcinia kola biflavonoid complex, protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury: pertinent mechanistic insights from biochemical and physical evaluations in rat brain. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:777-87. [PMID: 25638229 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of stroke is characterized by biochemical and physical alterations in the brain. Modulation of such aberrations by therapeutic agents affords insights into their mechanism of action. Incontrovertible evidences that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of neurologic disorders have brought antioxidative compounds, especially plant phytochemicals, under increasing focus as potential remedies for the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex isolated from Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae) was evaluated for neuroprotectivity in brains of male Wistar rats submitted to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced global ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). Animals were divided into six groups: sham treated, vehicle (I/R), 50 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R, 100 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R, 200 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R and quercetin (20 mg/kg i.p.) + I/R. The common carotid arteries were occluded for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Relative brain weight and brain water content were determined and oxidative stress and neurochemical markers were also evaluated. I/R caused significant decreases in glutathione level and the activities of enzymic antioxidants, the sodium pump and acetylcholinesterase while significant increases were recorded in relative brain weight, brain water content, lipid peroxidation and the activities of glutamine synthetase and myeloperoxidase. There was a remarkable ablation of I/R induced oxidative stress, neurochemical aberrations and brain edema in animals pretreated with kolaviron. The results suggested that the protection afforded by kolaviron probably involved regulation of redox and electrolyte homeostasis as well as anti-inflammatory and antiexcitotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi C Akinmoladun
- Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria,
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