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Farah MH, Dali CÍ, Groeschel S, Moldovan M, Whiteman DAH, Malanga CJ, Krägeloh‐Mann I, Li J, Barton N, Krarup C. Effects of sulfatide on peripheral nerves in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:328-341. [PMID: 38146590 PMCID: PMC10863914 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the longitudinal correlations between sulfatide/lysosulfatide levels and central and peripheral nervous system function in children with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and to explore the impact of intravenous recombinant human arylsulfatase A (rhASA) treatment on myelin turnover. METHODS A Phase 1/2 study of intravenous rhASA investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sural nerve sulfatide levels, 88-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) total score, sensory and motor nerve conduction, brain N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels, and sural nerve histology in 13 children with MLD. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerves from an untreated MLD mouse model were also analyzed. RESULTS CSF sulfatide levels correlated with neither Z-scores for GMFM-88 nor brain NAA levels; however, CSF sulfatide levels correlated negatively with Z-scores of nerve conduction parameters, number of large (≥7 μm) myelinated fibers, and myelin/fiber diameter slope, and positively with nerve g-ratios and cortical latencies of somatosensory-evoked potentials. Quantity of endoneural litter positively correlated with sural nerve sulfatide/lysosulfatide levels. CSF sulfatide levels decreased with continuous high-dose treatment; this change correlated with improved nerve conduction. At 26 weeks after treatment, nerve g-ratio decreased by 2%, and inclusion bodies per Schwann cell unit increased by 55%. In mice, abnormal sulfatide storage was observed in non-myelinating Schwann cells in Remak bundles of sciatic nerves but not in unmyelinated urethral nerves. INTERPRETATION Lower sulfatide levels in the CSF and peripheral nerves correlate with better peripheral nerve function in children with MLD; intravenous rhASA treatment may reduce CSF sulfatide levels and enhance sulfatide/lysosulfatide processing and remyelination in peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Farah
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Christine í Dali
- Department of Clinical GeneticsRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Present address:
Zevra Denmark A/S
| | - Samuel Groeschel
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Children's Hospital TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Mihai Moldovan
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - C. J. Malanga
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc.LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Jing Li
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc.LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Norman Barton
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc.LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Christian Krarup
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Shim G, Romero-Morales AI, Sripathy SR, Maher BJ. Utilizing hiPSC-derived oligodendrocytes to study myelin pathophysiology in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1322813. [PMID: 38273973 PMCID: PMC10808804 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1322813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes play a crucial role in our central nervous system (CNS) by myelinating axons for faster action potential conduction, protecting axons from degeneration, structuring the position of ion channels, and providing nutrients to neurons. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction and/or dysmyelination can contribute to a range of neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Leukodystrophy (LD), Schizophrenia (SCZ), and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Common characteristics identified across these disorders were either an inability of oligodendrocytes to remyelinate after degeneration or defects in oligodendrocyte development and maturation. Unfortunately, the causal mechanisms of oligodendrocyte dysfunction are still uncertain, and therapeutic targets remain elusive. Many studies rely on the use of animal models to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind these disorders, however, such studies face species-specific challenges and therefore lack translatability. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model neurological diseases is becoming a powerful new tool, improving our understanding of pathophysiology and capacity to explore therapeutic targets. Here, we focus on the application of hiPSC-derived oligodendrocyte model systems to model disorders caused by oligodendrocyte dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Shim
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alejandra I. Romero-Morales
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Srinidhi R. Sripathy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brady J. Maher
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Dustin E, Suarez-Pozos E, Stotesberry C, Qiu S, Palavicini JP, Han X, Dupree JL. Compromised Myelin and Axonal Molecular Organization Following Adult-Onset Sulfatide Depletion. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1431. [PMID: 37239102 PMCID: PMC10216104 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, or sulfatide, is a prominent myelin glycosphingolipid reduced in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), indicating that sulfatide reduction precedes demyelination. Using a mouse model that is constitutively depleted of sulfatide, we previously demonstrated that sulfatide is essential during development for the establishment and maintenance of myelin and axonal integrity and for the stable tethering of certain myelin proteins in the sheath. Here, using an adult-onset depletion model of sulfatide, we employ a combination of ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and biochemical approaches to analyze the consequence of sulfatide depletion from the adult CNS. Our findings show a progressive loss of axonal protein domain organization, which is accompanied by axonal degeneration, with myelin sparing. Similar to our previous work, we also observe differential myelin protein anchoring stabilities that are both sulfatide dependent and independent. Most notably, stable anchoring of neurofascin155, a myelin paranodal protein that binds the axonal paranodal complex of contactin/Caspr1, requires sulfatide. Together, our findings show that adult-onset sulfatide depletion, independent of demyelination, is sufficient to trigger progressive axonal degeneration. Although the pathologic mechanism is unknown, we propose that sulfatide is required for maintaining myelin organization and subsequent myelin-axon interactions and disruptions in these interactions results in compromised axon structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dustin
- Research Service, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA; (E.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA
| | - Edna Suarez-Pozos
- Research Service, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA; (E.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA
| | - Camryn Stotesberry
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Shulan Qiu
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Dupree
- Research Service, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA; (E.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA
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4
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Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase and 2-Hydroxylated Sphingolipids: Metabolism and Function in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054908. [PMID: 36902339 PMCID: PMC10002949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids containing acyl residues that are hydroxylated at C-2 are found in most, if not all, eukaryotes and certain bacteria. 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids are present in many organs and cell types, though they are especially abundant in myelin and skin. The enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is involved in the synthesis of many but not all 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids. Deficiency in FA2H causes a neurodegenerative disease known as hereditary spastic paraplegia 35 (HSP35/SPG35) or fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN). FA2H likely also plays a role in other diseases. A low expression level of FA2H correlates with a poor prognosis in many cancers. This review presents an updated overview of the metabolism and function of 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids and the FA2H enzyme under physiological conditions and in diseases.
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de Andrade L, Duarte EL, Lamy MT, Rozenfeld JHK. Thermotropic Behavior and Structural Organization of C24:1 Sulfatide Dispersions and Its Mixtures with Cationic Bilayers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5306-5315. [PMID: 36816677 PMCID: PMC9933474 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
C24:1 sulfatide (SF) is an endogenous activator of type II NKT cells. The thermotropic behavior and structure of SF dispersions and its mixtures (4.8-16.6 mol %) with cationic dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) bilayers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The non-interdigitated lamellar structures formed by pure SF display broad thermal events around 27.5 °C when heated and cooled. These events disappear upon mixing with DODAB, showing complete lipid miscibility. SF decreases the DODAB gel-phase packing, with a consequent decrease in phase-transition temperatures and cooperativity upon heating. In contrast, SF increases the rigidity of the DODAB fluid phase, resulting in a smaller decrease in transition temperatures upon cooling. The hysteresis between heating and cooling decreased as the SF molar fraction increased. These effects on DODAB are similar to the ones described for other glycolipids, such as αGalCer and βGlcCer. This might be due to the orientation of the rigid and planar amide bond that connects their sphingoid bases and acyl chains, which result in a V-shaped conformation of the glycolipid molecules. The current results may be important to plan and develop new immunotherapeutic tools based on SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Andrade
- Departamento
de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro L. Duarte
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade de São
Paulo, Rua do Matão
1371, 05508090São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Teresa Lamy
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade de São
Paulo, Rua do Matão
1371, 05508090São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio H. K. Rozenfeld
- Departamento
de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barnes-Vélez JA, Aksoy Yasar FB, Hu J. Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100360. [PMID: 36588745 PMCID: PMC9800635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized cell membrane indispensable for rapid nerve conduction. The high abundance of membrane lipids is one of myelin's salient features that contribute to its unique role as an insulator that electrically isolates nerve fibers across their myelinated surface. The most abundant lipids in myelin include cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and plasmalogens, each playing critical roles in myelin development as well as function. This review serves to summarize the role of lipid metabolism in myelination and myelin maintenance, as well as the molecular determinants of myelin lipid homeostasis, with an emphasis on findings from genetic models. In addition, the implications of myelin lipid dysmetabolism in human diseases are highlighted in the context of hereditary leukodystrophies and neuropathies as well as acquired disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Barnes-Vélez
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
| | - Fatma Betul Aksoy Yasar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
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7
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Grassi S, Cabitta L, Prioni S, Mauri L, Ciampa MG, Yokoyama N, Iwabuchi K, Zorina Y, Prinetti A. Identification of the Lipid Antigens Recognized by rHIgM22, a Remyelination-Promoting Antibody. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1783-1797. [PMID: 36695984 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Failure of the immune system to discriminate myelin components from foreign antigens plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. In fact, the appearance of anti-myelin autoantibodies, targeting both proteins and glycolipids, is often responsible for functional alterations in myelin-producing cells in this disease. Nevertheless, some of these antibodies were reported to be beneficial for remyelination. Recombinant human IgM22 (rHIgM22) binds to myelin and to the surface of O4-positive oligodendrocytes, and promotes remyelination in mouse models of chronic demyelination. Interestingly, the identity of the antigen recognized by this antibody remains to be elucidated. The preferential binding of rHIgM22 to sulfatide-positive cells or tissues suggests that sulfatide might be part of the antigen pattern recognized by the antibody, however, cell populations lacking sulfatide expression are also responsive to rHIgM22. Thus, we assessed the binding of rHIgM22 in vitro to purified lipids and lipid extracts from various sources to identify the antigen(s) recognized by this antibody. Our results show that rHIgM22 is indeed able to bind both sulfatide and its deacylated form, whereas no significant binding for other myelin sphingolipids has been detected. Remarkably, binding of rHIgM22 to sulfatide in lipid monolayers can be positively or negatively regulated by the presence of other lipids. Moreover, rHIgM22 also binds to phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid, suggesting that not only sulfatide, but also other membrane lipids might play a role in the binding of rHIgM22 to oligodendrocytes and to other cell types not expressing sulfatide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy.
| | - Livia Cabitta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ciampa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
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8
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Palavicini JP, Ding L, Pan M, Qiu S, Wang H, Shen Q, Dupree JL, Han X. Sulfatide Deficiency, an Early Alzheimer's Lipidomic Signature, Causes Brain Ventricular Enlargement in the Absence of Classical Neuropathological Hallmarks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:233. [PMID: 36613677 PMCID: PMC9820719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and a decline in activities of daily life. Ventricular enlargement has been associated with worse performance on global cognitive tests and AD. Our previous studies demonstrated that brain sulfatides, myelin-enriched lipids, are dramatically reduced in subjects at the earliest clinically recognizable AD stages via an apolipoprotein E (APOE)-dependent and isoform-specific process. Herein, we provided pre-clinical evidence that sulfatide deficiency is causally associated with brain ventricular enlargement. Specifically, taking advantage of genetic mouse models of global and adult-onset sulfatide deficiency, we demonstrated that sulfatide losses cause ventricular enlargement without significantly affecting hippocampal or whole brain volumes using histological and magnetic resonance imaging approaches. Mild decreases in sulfatide content and mild increases in ventricular areas were also observed in human APOE4 compared to APOE2 knock-in mice. Finally, we provided Western blot and immunofluorescence evidence that aquaporin-4, the most prevalent aquaporin channel in the central nervous system (CNS) that provides fast water transportation and regulates cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles, is significantly increased under sulfatide-deficient conditions, while other major brain aquaporins (e.g., aquaporin-1) are not altered. In short, we unraveled a novel and causal association between sulfatide deficiency and ventricular enlargement. Finally, we propose putative mechanisms by which sulfatide deficiency may induce ventricular enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lin Ding
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Meixia Pan
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Shulan Qiu
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hu Wang
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Qiang Shen
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Research Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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9
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Lõhelaid H, Anttila JE, Liew HK, Tseng KY, Teppo J, Stratoulias V, Airavaara M. UPR Responsive Genes Manf and Xbp1 in Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:900725. [PMID: 35783104 PMCID: PMC9240287 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.900725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating medical condition with no treatment to hasten recovery. Its abrupt nature results in cataclysmic changes in the affected tissues. Resident cells fail to cope with the cellular stress resulting in massive cell death, which cannot be endogenously repaired. A potential strategy to improve stroke outcomes is to boost endogenous pro-survival pathways. The unfolded protein response (UPR), an evolutionarily conserved stress response, provides a promising opportunity to ameliorate the survival of stressed cells. Recent studies from us and others have pointed toward mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) being a UPR responsive gene with an active role in maintaining proteostasis. Its pro-survival effects have been demonstrated in several disease models such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and stroke. MANF has an ER-signal peptide and an ER-retention signal; it is secreted by ER calcium depletion and exits cells upon cell death. Although its functions remain elusive, conducted experiments suggest that the endogenous MANF in the ER lumen and exogenously administered MANF protein have different mechanisms of action. Here, we will revisit recent and older bodies of literature aiming to delineate the expression profile of MANF. We will focus on its neuroprotective roles in regulating neurogenesis and inflammation upon post-stroke administration. At the same time, we will investigate commonalities and differences with another UPR responsive gene, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), which has recently been associated with MANF’s function. This will be the first systematic comparison of these two UPR responsive genes aiming at revealing previously uncovered associations between them. Overall, understanding the mode of action of these UPR responsive genes could provide novel approaches to promote cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helike Lõhelaid
- HiLIFE – Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Helike Lõhelaid,
| | - Jenni E. Anttila
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hock-Kean Liew
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaakko Teppo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Airavaara
- HiLIFE – Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Mikko Airavaara,
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10
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Hossain MA, Hasegawa-Ogawa M, Manome Y, Igarashi M, Wu C, Suzuki K, Igarashi J, Iwamoto T, Okano HJ, Eto Y. Generation and characterization of motor neuron progenitors and motor neurons using metachromatic leukodystrophy-induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100852. [PMID: 35782608 PMCID: PMC9248224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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11
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Guo Z. The Structural Diversity of Natural Glycosphingolipids (GSLs). J Carbohydr Chem 2022; 41:63-154. [PMID: 36561362 PMCID: PMC9770679 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2022.2063308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids made of a glycan and a ceramide that, in turn, is composed of a sphingoid base moiety and a fatty acyl group. GSLs represent the vast majority of glycolipids in eukaryotes, and as an essential component of the cell membrane, they play an important role in many biological and pathological processes. Therefore, they are useful targets for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for human diseases. Since sphingosine was first described by J. L. Thudichum in 1884, several hundred GSL species, not including their diverse lipid forms that can further amplify the number of individual GSLs by many folds, have been isolated from natural sources and structurally characterized. This review tries to provide a comprehensive survey of the major GSL species, especially those with distinct glycan structures and modification patterns, and the ceramides with unique modifications of the lipid chains, that have been discovered to date. In particular, this review is focused on GSLs from eukaryotic species. This review has listed 251 GSL glycans with different linkages, 127 glycans with unique modifications, 46 sphingoids, and 43 fatty acyl groups. It should be helpful for scientists who are interested in GSLs, from isolation and structural analyses to chemical and enzymatic syntheses, as well as their biological studies and applications.
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12
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Baumann A, Denninger AR, Domin M, Demé B, Kirschner DA. Metabolically-incorporated deuterium in myelin localized by neutron diffraction and identified by mass spectrometry. Curr Res Struct Biol 2022; 4:231-245. [PMID: 35941866 PMCID: PMC9356250 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a natural and dynamic multilamellar membrane structure that continues to be of significant biological and neurological interest, especially with respect to its biosynthesis and assembly during its normal formation, maintenance, and pathological breakdown. To explore the usefulness of neutron diffraction in the structural analysis of myelin, we investigated the use of in vivo labeling by metabolically incorporating non-toxic levels of deuterium (2H; D) via drinking water into a pregnant dam (D-dam) and her developing embryos. All of the mice were sacrificed when the pups (D-pups) were 55 days old. Myelinated sciatic nerves were dissected, fixed in glutaraldehyde and examined by neutron diffraction. Parallel samples that were unfixed (trigeminal nerves) were frozen for mass spectrometry (MS). The diffraction patterns of the nerves from deuterium-fed mice (D-mice) vs. the controls (H-mice) had major differences in the intensities of the Bragg peaks but no appreciable differences in myelin periodicity. Neutron scattering density profiles showed an appreciable increase in density at the center of the lipid-rich membrane bilayer. This increase was greater in D-pups than in D-dam, and its localization was consistent with deuteration of lipid hydrocarbon, which predominates over transmembrane protein in myelin. MS analysis of the lipids isolated from the trigeminal nerves demonstrated that in the pups the percentage of lipids that had one or more deuterium atoms was uniformly high across lipid species (97.6% ± 2.0%), whereas in the mother the lipids were substantially less deuterated (60.6% ± 26.4%) with levels varying among lipid species and subspecies. The mass distribution pattern of deuterium-containing isotopologues indicated the fraction (in %) of each lipid (sub-)species having one or more deuteriums incorporated: in the D-pups, the pattern was always bell-shaped, and the average number of D atoms ranged from a low of ∼4 in fatty acid to a high of ∼9 in cerebroside. By contrast, in D-dam most lipids had more complex, overlapping distributions that were weighted toward a lower average number of deuteriums, which ranged from a low of ∼3–4 in fatty acid and in one species of sulfatide to a high of 6–7 in cerebroside and sphingomyelin. The consistently high level of deuteration in D-pups can be attributed to their de novo lipogenesis during gestation and rapid, postnatal myelination. The widely varying levels of deuteration in D-dam, by contrast, likely depends on the relative metabolic stability of the particular lipid species during myelin maintenance. Our current findings demonstrate that stably-incorporated D label can be detected and localized using neutron diffraction in a complex tissue such as myelin; and moreover, that MS can be used to screen a broad range of deuterated lipid species to monitor differential rates of lipid turnover. In addition to helping to develop a comprehensive understanding of the de novo synthesis and turnover of specific lipids in normal and abnormal myelin, our results also suggest application to studies on myelin proteins (which constitute only 20–30% by dry mass of the myelin, vs. 70–80% for lipid), as well as more broadly to the molecular constituents of other biological tissues. Deuterium metabolically assimilated into gestating mouse pups via drinking water. Neutron diffraction localized deuterium to middle of myelin membrane bilayers. Mass spectrometry identified 26 deuterated lipid species as myelinic. Myelin of pups substantially more deuterated than that of their dam. Deuterium differentially distributed among lipid species and subspecies. De novo lipid biogenesis vs. steady-state maintenance readily distinguished. Novel paradigm suggests application to animal models of human myelinopathies.
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Blomqvist M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Månsson JE. Sulfatide in health and disease. The evaluation of sulfatide in cerebrospinal fluid as a possible biomarker for neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 116:103670. [PMID: 34562592 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfatide (3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, SM4) is a glycosphingolipid, highly multifunctional and particularly enriched in the myelin sheath of neurons. The role of sulfatide has been implicated in various biological fields such as the nervous system, immune system, host-pathogen recognition and infection, beta cell function and haemostasis/thrombosis. Thus, alterations in sulfatide metabolism and production are associated with several human diseases such as neurological and immunological disorders and cancers. The unique lipid-rich composition of myelin reflects the importance of lipids in this specific membrane structure. Sulfatide has been shown to be involved in the regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and in the maintenance of the myelin sheath by influencing membrane dynamics involving sorting and lateral assembly of myelin proteins as well as ion channels. Sulfatide is furthermore essential for proper formation of the axo-glial junctions at the paranode together with axonal glycosphingolipids. Alterations in sulfatide metabolism are suggested to contribute to myelin deterioration as well as synaptic dysfunction, neurological decline and inflammation observed in different conditions associated with myelin pathology (mouse models and human disorders). Body fluid biomarkers are of importance for clinical diagnostics as well as for patient stratification in clinical trials and treatment monitoring. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly used as an indirect measure of brain metabolism and analysis of CSF sulfatide might provide information regarding whether the lipid disruption observed in neurodegenerative disorders is reflected in this body fluid. In this review, we evaluate the diagnostic utility of CSF sulfatide as a biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders associated with dysmyelination/demyelination by summarising the current literature on this topic. We can conclude that neither CSF sulfatide levels nor individual sulfatide species consistently reflect the lipid disruption observed in many of the demyelinating disorders. One exception is the lysosomal storage disorder metachromatic leukodystrophy, possibly due to the genetically determined accumulation of non-metabolised sulfatide. We also discuss possible explanations as to why myelin pathology in brain tissue is poorly reflected by the CSF sulfatide concentration. The previous suggestion that CSF sulfatide is a marker of myelin damage has thereby been challenged by more recent studies using more sophisticated laboratory techniques for sulfatide analysis as well as improved sample selection criteria due to increased knowledge on disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan-Eric Månsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hardt R, Jordans S, Winter D, Gieselmann V, Wang-Eckhardt L, Eckhardt M. Decreased turnover of the CNS myelin protein Opalin in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 35. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3616-3630. [PMID: 33215680 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia 35 (SPG35) (OMIM: 612319) or fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN) is caused by deficiency of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H). This enzyme synthesizes sphingolipids containing 2-hydroxylated fatty acids, which are particularly abundant in myelin. Fa2h-deficient (Fa2h-/-) mice develop symptoms reminiscent of the human disease and therefore serve as animal model of SPG35. In order to understand further the pathogenesis of SPG35, we compared the proteome of purified CNS myelin isolated from wild type and Fa2h-/- mice at different time points of disease progression using tandem mass tag labeling. Data analysis with a focus on myelin membrane proteins revealed a significant increase of the oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein (Opalin) in Fa2h-/- mice, whereas the concentration of other major myelin proteins was not significantly changed. Western blot analysis revealed an almost 6-fold increase of Opalin in myelin of Fa2h-/- mice aged 21-23 months. A concurrent unaltered Opalin gene expression suggested a decreased turnover of the Opalin protein in Fa2h-/- mice. Supporting this hypothesis, Opalin protein half-life was reduced significantly when expressed in CHO cells synthesizing 2-hydroxylated sulfatide, compared to cells synthesizing only non-hydroxylated sulfatide. Degradation of Opalin was inhibited by inhibitors of lysosomal degradation but unaffected by proteasome inhibitors. Taken together, these results reveal a new function of 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids namely affecting the turnover of a myelin membrane protein. This may play a role in the pathogenesis of SPG35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Silvia Jordans
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Lihua Wang-Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
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Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Functions: Targeting Lipid Metabolism and Extracellular Matrix for Myelin Repair. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020470. [PMID: 32046349 PMCID: PMC7073561 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is an essential structure that protects axons, provides metabolic support to neurons and allows fast nerve transmission. Several neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, are characterized by myelin damage, which is responsible of severe functional impairment. Myelin repair requires the timely recruitment of adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) at the lesion sites, their differentiation and maturation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. As a consequence, OPCs undergo profound changes in their morphology, functions, and interactions with other cells and extracellular environment, thus requiring the reorganization of both their lipid metabolism and their membrane composition, which is substantially different compared to other plasma membranes. Despite the growing knowledge in oligodendroglia biology and in the mechanisms involved in OPC-mediated regeneration, the identification of strategies to promote remyelination still remains a challenge. Here, we describe how altered lipid metabolism in oligodendrocytes influences the pathogenesis of demyelination, and we show that several FDA-approved drugs with a previously unknown remyelination potential do act on cholesterol and lipid biosynthetic pathways. Since the interplay between myelin lipids and axons is strictly coordinated by the extracellular matrix (ECM), we also discuss the role of different ECM components, and report the last findings on new ECM-modifiers able to foster endogenous remyelination.
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Holm LJ, Haupt-Jorgensen M, Giacobini JD, Hasselby JP, Bilgin M, Buschard K. Fenofibrate increases very-long-chain sphingolipids and improves blood glucose homeostasis in NOD mice. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2262-2272. [PMID: 31410530 PMCID: PMC6861358 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sphingolipid metabolism regulates beta cell biology and inflammation and is abnormal at the onset of type 1 diabetes. Fenofibrate, a regulator of sphingolipid metabolism, is known to prevent diabetes in NOD mice. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of fenofibrate on the pancreatic lipidome, pancreas morphology, pancreatic sympathetic nerves and blood glucose homeostasis in NOD mice. METHODS We treated female NOD mice with fenofibrate from 3 weeks of age. The pancreatic lipidome was analysed using MS. Analysis of pancreas and islet volume was performed by stereology. Islet sympathetic nerve fibre volume was evaluated using tyrosine hydroxylase staining. The effect on blood glucose homeostasis was assessed by measuring non-fasting blood glucose from age 12 to 30 weeks. Furthermore, we measured glucose tolerance, fasting insulin and glucagon levels, and insulin tolerance. RESULTS We found that fenofibrate selectively increases the amount of very-long-chain sphingolipids in the pancreas of NOD mice. In addition, we found that fenofibrate causes a remodelling of the pancreatic lipidome with an increased amount of lysoglycerophospholipids. Fenofibrate did not affect islet or pancreas volume, but led to a higher volume of islet sympathetic nerve fibres and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. Fenofibrate-treated NOD mice had a more stable blood glucose, which was associated with reduced non-fasting and increased fasting blood glucose. Furthermore, fenofibrate improved glucose tolerance, reduced fasting glucagon levels and prevented fasting hyperinsulinaemia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data indicate that fenofibrate alters the pancreatic lipidome to a more anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic state. The beneficial effects on islet sympathetic nerve fibres and blood glucose homeostasis indicate that fenofibrate could be used as a therapeutic approach to improve blood glucose homeostasis and prevent diabetes-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurits J Holm
- The Bartholin Institute, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martin Haupt-Jorgensen
- The Bartholin Institute, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jano D Giacobini
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane P Hasselby
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mesut Bilgin
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Buschard
- The Bartholin Institute, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Schyboll F, Jaekel U, Petruccione F, Neeb H. Dipolar induced spin-lattice relaxation in the myelin sheath: A molecular dynamics study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14813. [PMID: 31616004 PMCID: PMC6794311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between hydrogen protons of water molecules and macromolecules within the myelin sheath surrounding the axons are a major factor influencing the magnetic resonance (MR) contrast in white matter (WM) regions. In past decades, several studies have investigated the underlying effects and reported a wide range of R1 rates for the myelin associated compartments at different field strengths. However, it was also shown that the experimental quantification of the compartment-specific R1 rates is associated with large uncertainties. The current study therefore investigates the longitudinal relaxation rates within the myelin sheath using a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. For this purpose, a realistic molecular model of the myelin sheath was employed to determine the dipole-dipole induced R1 relaxation rate of the hydrogen protons at clinically relevant field strengths. The results obtained clearly reflect the spatial heterogeneity of R1 with a increased relaxivity of myelin water due to a reduced molecular mobility near the membrane surface. Moreover, the calculated R1 rates for both myelin water and macromolecules are in excellent agreement with experimental findings from the literature at different field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schyboll
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus Remagen, Remagen, Germany
| | - Uwe Jaekel
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus Remagen, Remagen, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Neeb
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus Remagen, Remagen, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Information Processing - MTI Mittelrhein, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany.
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Baba H, Ishibashi T. The Role of Sulfatides in Axon–Glia Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:165-179. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Frati G, Luciani M, Meneghini V, De Cicco S, Ståhlman M, Blomqvist M, Grossi S, Filocamo M, Morena F, Menegon A, Martino S, Gritti A. Human iPSC-based models highlight defective glial and neuronal differentiation from neural progenitor cells in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:698. [PMID: 29899471 PMCID: PMC5997994 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathological cascade leading from primary storage to neural cell dysfunction and death in metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been poorly elucidated in human-derived neural cell systems. In the present study, we have modeled the progression of pathological events during the differentiation of patient-specific iPSCs to neuroepithelial progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) and mature neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes at the morphological, molecular, and biochemical level. We showed significant sulfatide accumulation and altered sulfatide composition during the differentiation of MLD iPSC-NPCs into neuronal and glial cells. Changes in sulfatide levels and composition were accompanied by the expansion of the lysosomal compartment, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The neuronal and glial differentiation capacity of MLD iPSC-NPCs was significantly impaired. We showed delayed appearance and/or reduced levels of oligodendroglial and astroglial markers as well as reduced number of neurons and disorganized neuronal network. Restoration of a functional Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) enzyme in MLD cells using lentiviral-mediated gene transfer normalized sulfatide levels and composition, globally rescuing the pathological phenotype. Our study points to MLD iPSC-derived neural progeny as a useful in vitro model to assess the impact of ARSA deficiency along NPC differentiation into neurons and glial cells. In addition, iPSC-derived neural cultures allowed testing the impact of ARSA reconstitution/overexpression on disease correction and, importantly, on the biology and functional features of human NPCs, with important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Frati
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Luciani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.,Institute Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Silvia De Cicco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Otfried-Müller Str.23, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41101, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41101, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Serena Grossi
- UOSD Centro di diagnostica genetica e biochimica delle malattie metaboliche, IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, Via G. Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- UOSD Centro di diagnostica genetica e biochimica delle malattie metaboliche, IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, Via G. Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Menegon
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.
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Sonnino S, Chiricozzi E, Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Prinetti A. Gangliosides in Membrane Organization. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:83-120. [PMID: 29747825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the structure of GM1 was elucidated 55years ago, researchers have been attracted by the sialylated glycans of gangliosides. Gangliosides head groups, protruding toward the extracellular space, significantly contribute to the cell glycocalyx; and in certain cells, such as neurons, are major determinants of the features of the cell surface. Expression of glycosyltransferases involved in the de novo biosynthesis of gangliosides is tightly regulated along cell differentiation and activation, and is regarded as the main metabolic mechanism responsible for the acquisition of cell-specific ganglioside patterns. The resulting sialooligosaccharides are characterized by a high degree of geometrical complexity and by highly dynamic properties, which seem to be functional for complex interactions with other molecules sitting on the same cellular membrane (cis-interactions) or soluble molecules present in the extracellular environment, or molecules associated with the surface of other cells (trans-interactions). There is no doubt that the multifaceted biological functions of gangliosides are largely dependent on oligosaccharide-mediated molecular interactions. However, gangliosides are amphipathic membrane lipids, and their chemicophysical, aggregational, and, consequently, biological properties are dictated by the properties of the monomers as a whole, which are not merely dependent on the structures of their polar head groups. In this chapter, we would like to focus on the peculiar chemicophysical features of gangliosides (in particular, those of the nervous system), that represent an important driving force determining the organization and properties of cellular membranes, and to emphasize the causal connections between altered ganglioside-dependent membrane organization and relevant pathological conditions.
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Honke K. Biological functions of sulfoglycolipids and the EMARS method for identification of co-clustered molecules in the membrane microdomains. J Biochem 2017; 163:253-263. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783–8505, Japan
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783–8505, Japan
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Boso F, Ruggero S, Giannotta C, Benedetti L, Marfia GA, Ermani M, Campagnolo M, Salvalaggio A, Gallia F, De Michelis C, Visentin A, Bianco M, Ruiz M, Mataluni G, Nobile-Orazio E, Briani C. Anti-sulfatide/galactocerebroside antibodies in immunoglobulin M paraproteinemic neuropathies. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1334-1340. [PMID: 28782863 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Boso
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - S. Ruggero
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - C. Giannotta
- Second Neurology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; Milan University; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - L. Benedetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health; University of Genova and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - G. A. Marfia
- Neurology COU; Department of Systems Medicine; University of Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - M. Ermani
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - M. Campagnolo
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - A. Salvalaggio
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - F. Gallia
- Second Neurology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; Milan University; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - C. De Michelis
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health; University of Genova and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - A. Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit; Department of Medicine; University of Padova; Italy
| | - M. Bianco
- Second Neurology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; Milan University; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - M. Ruiz
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - G. Mataluni
- Neurology COU; Department of Systems Medicine; University of Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - E. Nobile-Orazio
- Second Neurology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; Milan University; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - C. Briani
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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Lipid glycosylation: a primer for histochemists and cell biologists. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:175-198. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Quantification of plasma sulfatides by mass spectrometry: Utility for metachromatic leukodystrophy. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 955:79-85. [PMID: 28088283 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired sulfatide catabolism is the primary biochemical insult in patients with the inherited neurodegenerative disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), and sulfatide elevation in body fluids is useful in the diagnostic setting. Here we used mass spectrometry to quantify fourteen species of sulfatide, in addition to the deacetylated derivative, lyso-sulfatide, using high pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion mode. A single phase extraction of 0.01 mL of MLD plasma identified all 14 sulfatide species in the positive ion mode but none in the negative ion mode. Interrogation of seven major and seven hydroxylated molecular species, as well as lyso-sulfatide, identified the C18 isoform as the most informative for MLD. The C18 produced a linear response and was below the limit of quantification (<10 pmol mL-1) in control plasma with concentrations in MLD plasma ranging from 12 to 196 pmol mL-1. Serial plasma samples from an MLD patient post-therapeutic bone marrow transplant proved similar to non-disease controls with C18 sulfatide concentrations below the limit of quantification, as did samples from three individuals with an arylsulfatase A pseudodeficiency - a population variant which appears deficient upon enzymatic assay, without manifestation of disease. These findings emphasise the utility of the C18 sulfatide species for the diagnosis of MLD and biochemical monitoring of MLD patients. Extension of this approach to a newborn screening card correctly identified an MLD patient at birth with elevated C18 sulfatide at levels almost double that present in the newborn card from his unaffected sibling, suggesting the methodology may have applicability for newborn screening.
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Albrecht S, Vainauskas S, Stöckmann H, McManus C, Taron CH, Rudd PM. Comprehensive Profiling of Glycosphingolipid Glycans Using a Novel Broad Specificity Endoglycoceramidase in a High-Throughput Workflow. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4795-802. [PMID: 27033327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biological function of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is largely determined by their glycan headgroup moiety. This has placed a renewed emphasis on detailed GSL headgroup structural analysis. Comprehensive profiling of GSL headgroups in biological samples requires the use of endoglycoceramidases with broad substrate specificity and a robust workflow that enables their high-throughput analysis. We present here the first high-throughput glyco-analytical platform for GSL headgroup profiling. The workflow features enzymatic release of GSL glycans with a novel broad-specificity endoglycoceramidase I (EGCase I) from Rhodococcus triatomea, selective glycan capture on hydrazide beads on a robotics platform, 2AB-fluorescent glycan labeling, and analysis by UPLC-HILIC-FLD. R. triatomea EGCase I displayed a wider specificity than known EGCases and was able to efficiently hydrolyze gangliosides, globosides, (n)Lc-type GSLs, and cerebrosides. Our workflow was validated on purified GSL standard lipids and was applied to the characterization of GSLs extracted from several mammalian cell lines and human serum. This study should facilitate the analytical workflow in functional glycomics studies and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Albrecht
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Henning Stöckmann
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ciara McManus
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
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