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Could Vitamins Have a Positive Impact on the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease? Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020272. [PMID: 36831815 PMCID: PMC9954544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Pathophysiologically, it is characterized by intracytoplasmic aggregates of α-synuclein protein in the Lewy body and loss of dopaminergic neurons from substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum regions of the brain. Although the exact mechanism of neurodegeneration is not fully elucidated, it has been reported that environmental toxins such as MPTP, rotenone, paraquat, and MPP+ induce oxidative stress, which is one of the causative factors for it. To date, there is no complete cure. However, the indispensable role of oxidative stress in mediating PD indicates that antioxidant therapy could be a possible therapeutic strategy against the disease. The deficiency of vitamins has been extensively co-related to PD. Dietary supplementation of vitamins with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and free radical scavenging properties could be the potential neuroprotective therapeutic strategy. This review summarizes the studies that evaluated the role of vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, and K) in PD. It will guide future studies in understanding the potential therapeutic role of vitamins in disease pathophysiology and may provide a framework for designing treatment strategies against the disease.
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Ablinger I, Dressel K, Rott T, Lauer AA, Tiemann M, Batista JP, Taddey T, Grimm HS, Grimm MOW. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Deal with Alzheimer's Disease-From Bench to Bedside: What Feasible Options Do Already Exist Today? Biomedicines 2022; 10:2922. [PMID: 36428494 PMCID: PMC9687885 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the western population. The incidence of this disease increases with age. Rising life expectancy and the resulting increase in the ratio of elderly in the population are likely to exacerbate socioeconomic problems. Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease. In addition to amyloidogenic processing leading to plaques, and tau pathology, but also other molecular causes such as oxidative stress or inflammation play a crucial role. We summarize the molecular mechanisms leading to Alzheimer's disease and which potential interventions are known to interfere with these mechanisms, focusing on nutritional approaches and physical activity but also the beneficial effects of cognition-oriented treatments with a focus on language and communication. Interestingly, recent findings also suggest a causal link between oral conditions, such as periodontitis or edentulism, and Alzheimer's disease, raising the question of whether dental intervention in Alzheimer's patients can be beneficial as well. Unfortunately, all previous single-domain interventions have been shown to have limited benefit to patients. However, the latest studies indicate that combining these efforts into multidomain approaches may have increased preventive or therapeutic potential. Therefore, as another emphasis in this review, we provide an overview of current literature dealing with studies combining the above-mentioned approaches and discuss potential advantages compared to monotherapies. Considering current literature and intervention options, we also propose a multidomain interdisciplinary approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients that synergistically links the individual approaches. In conclusion, this review highlights the need to combine different approaches in an interdisciplinary manner, to address the future challenges of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ablinger
- Speech and Language Therapy, Campus Bonn, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Dressel
- Speech and Language Therapy, Campus Düsseldorf, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 40210 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thea Rott
- Interdisciplinary Periodontology and Prevention, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tiemann
- Sport Science, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - João Pedro Batista
- Sport Science and Physiotherapy, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Tim Taddey
- Physiotherapy, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
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Lingappa S, Shivakumar MS, Manivasagam T, Somasundaram ST, Seedevi P. Neuroprotective Effect of Epalrestat on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Neurodegeneration in SH-SY5Y Cellular Model. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:867-874. [PMID: 33820886 PMCID: PMC9705952 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2101.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epalrestat (EPS) is a brain penetrant aldose reductase inhibitor, an approved drug currently used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. At near-plasma concentration, EPS induces glutathione biosynthesis, which in turn reduces oxidative stress in the neuronal cells. In this study, we found that EPS reduces neurodegeneration by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative injury, mitochondrial membrane damage, apoptosis and tauopathy. EPS treatment up to 50 μM did not show any toxic effect on SH-SY5Y cell line (neuroblastoma cells). However, we observed toxic effect at a concentration of 100 μM and above. At 50 μM concentration, EPS showed better antioxidant activity against H2O2 (100 μM)-induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane damage in retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cell line. Furthermore, our study revealed that 50 μM of EPS concentration reduced the glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3-β) expression and total tau protein level in H2O2 (100 μM)-treated cells. Findings from this study confirms the therapeutic efficacy of EPS on regulating Alzheimer's disease (AD) by regulating GSK3-β and total tau proteins phosphorylation, which helped to restore the cellular viability. This process could also reduce toxic fibrillary tangle formation and disease progression of AD. Therefore, it is our view that an optimal concentration of EPS therapy could decrease AD pathology by reducing tau phosphorylation through regulating the expression level of GSK3-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Lingappa
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608502, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Somasundaram Thirugnanasambandan Somasundaram
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608502, Tamilnadu, India,Corresponding author Phone: +91-9894798605 E-mail:
| | - Palaniappan Seedevi
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamilnadu, India
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Vats S, Bansal R, Rana N, Kumawat S, Bhatt V, Jadhav P, Kale V, Sathe A, Sonah H, Jugdaohsingh R, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Unexplored nutritive potential of tomato to combat global malnutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1003-1034. [PMID: 33086895 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1832954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tomato, a widely consumed vegetable crop, offers a real potential to combat human nutritional deficiencies. Tomatoes are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds (including vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals) that are known to be essential or beneficial for human health. This review highlights the current state of the art in the molecular understanding of the nutritional aspects, conventional and molecular breeding efforts, and biofortification studies undertaken to improve the nutritional content and quality of tomato. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies, which offer a deeper understanding of the molecular regulation of the tomato's nutrients, are discussed. The potential uses of the wastes from the tomato processing industry (i.e., the peels and seed extracts) that are particularly rich in oils and proteins are also discussed. Recent advancements with CRISPR/Cas mediated gene-editing technology provide enormous opportunities to enhance the nutritional content of agricultural produces, including tomatoes. In this regard, genome editing efforts with respect to biofortification in the tomato plant are also discussed. The recent technological advancements and knowledge gaps described herein aim to help explore the unexplored nutritional potential of the tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vacha Bhatt
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MS, India
| | - Pravin Jadhav
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Vijay Kale
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Atul Sathe
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Li R, Liu W, Ou L, Gao F, Li M, Wang L, Wei P, Miao F. Emodin Alleviates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Inhibiting the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3 β Pathway in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1562915. [PMID: 32832542 PMCID: PMC7428951 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1562915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Emodin is an active monomer extracted from rhubarb root, which has many biological functions, including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anticancer, and neuroprotection. However, the protective effect of emodin on nerve injury needs to be further elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emodin on the neuroprotection and the special molecular mechanism. Here, the protective activity of emodin inhibiting H2O2-induced apoptosis and neuroinflammation as well as its molecular mechanisms was examined using human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cells). The results showed that emodin significantly enhanced cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis and LDH release. Simultaneously, emodin downregulated H2O2-induced inflammatory factors, including IL-6, NO, and TNF-α, and alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, emodin inhibited the activation of the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β signaling pathway. What is more, the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β pathway participated in the protective mechanism of emodin on H2O2-induced cell damage. Collectively, it suggests that emodin alleviates H2O2-induced apoptosis and neuroinflammation potentially by regulating the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Wenzhou Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an XD group Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, China
| | - Li Ou
- College of Pharmacy of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Pharmacy of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- College of Pharmacy of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Feng Miao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Hein D, Dörfer CE. Retinol/inflammation affect stemness and differentiation potential of gingival stem/progenitor cells via Wnt/β-catenin. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:413-423. [PMID: 30830694 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Inflammatory cytokines impact the course of periodontal disease, repair, and regeneration. Vitamin A and its metabolites are inflammation-modulatory biomolecules, affecting cellular pluripotency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of retinol and periodontal inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β/TNF-α/IFN-γ) on pluripotency and proliferative properties of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs), for the first time. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human G-MSCs (n = 5) were STRO-1 immuno-magnetically sorted, characterized and expanded in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with IL-1β (1 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL), and IFN-γ (100 ng/mL) (inflammatory group), in basic medium with retinol (20 μmol/L) (retinol group) and with retinol added to the inflammatory group (inflammatory/retinol group). β-catenin levels at 1 hour, cellular proliferation over 14 days, and colony-forming units (CFUs) at 14 days were investigated. Pluripotency gene expressions were examined at 1, 3, and 5 days via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Multilineage differentiation potential was evaluated, following 5 days priming, using qualitative and quantitative histochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS G-MSCs were CD14- , CD34- , CD45- , CD73+ , CD90+ , CD105+ , and showed mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells' hallmarks, CFUs, and multilineage differentiation potential. Intracellular β-catenin significantly declined in the stimulated groups (P < 0.001, Friedman test). Cellular proliferation at 72 hours was most prominent in the control and inflammatory group [Median cell numbers (Q25/Q75); 6806 (4983/7312) and 5414 (4457/7230), respectively], followed by an upsurge in the retinol group. At 14 days, the retinol group exhibited the highest CFUs [Median CFUs (Q25/Q75); 35 (20/58), P = 0.043, Wilcoxon signed-rank]. Nanog was most expressed in the inflammatory and retinol group [Median gene expression/PGK1 (Q25/Q75); 0.0006 (0.0002/0.0014) and 0.0005 (0.0003/0.0008)]. Inflammation significantly upregulated Sox2 expression [0.0002 (0.0008/0.0005)], while its expression was diminished in the retinol and inflammatory/retinol group (P < 0.001, Friedman test). Inflammatory/retinol group exhibited the highest multilineage differentiation potential. CONCLUSION Controlled short-term inflammatory/retinol stimuli activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, affecting G-MSCs' pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation. The present findings provide further insights into the inflammatory-regenerative interactions and their modulation potential for G-MSCs-mediated periodontal repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Hein
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Bioactive Compounds on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8165707. [PMID: 30800211 PMCID: PMC6360036 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8165707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder characterized by a chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents may be effective. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and carotenoids found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These effects make them suitable candidates for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggest that bioactive compounds may have direct effects on decreasing hyperglycemia, enhancing insulin secretion, and preventing formation of amyloid plaques. The possible underlying molecular mechanisms are described in this review. More studies are needed to establish the clinical effects of bioactive compounds.
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Li Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Martin C. Can the world's favorite fruit, tomato, provide an effective biosynthetic chassis for high-value metabolites? PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1443-1450. [PMID: 29594330 PMCID: PMC6153642 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tomato has a relatively short growth cycle (fruit ready to pick within 65-85 days from planting) and a relatively high yield (the average for globe tomatoes is 3-9 kg fruit per plant rising to as much as 40 kg fruit per plant). Tomatoes also produce large amounts of important primary and secondary metabolites which can serve as intermediates or substrates for producing valuable new compounds. As a model crop, tomato already has a broad range of tools and resources available for biotechnological applications, either increased nutrients for health-promoting biofortified foods or as a production system for high-value compounds. These advantages make tomato an excellent chassis for the production of important metabolites. We summarize recent achievements in metabolic engineering of tomato and suggest new candidate metabolites which could be targets for metabolic engineering. We offer a scheme for how to establish tomato as a chassis for industrial-scale production of high-value metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cathie Martin
- Metabolic Biology Department, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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